ralph_core/

instructions.rs

//! Instruction builder for Ralph agent prompts.
//!
//! Builds ghuntley-style prompts with numbered phases:
//! - 0a, 0b: Orientation (study specs, study context)
//! - 1, 2, 3: Workflow phases
//! - 999+: Guardrails (higher = more important)

use crate::config::{CoreConfig, EventMetadata};
use ralph_proto::Hat;
use std::collections::HashMap;

/// Builds instructions for custom hats.
///
/// Uses ghuntley methodology: numbered phases, specific verbs ("study"),
/// subagent limits (parallel for reads, single for builds).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct InstructionBuilder {
    core: CoreConfig,
    /// Event metadata for deriving instructions from pub/sub contracts.
    events: HashMap<String, EventMetadata>,
}

impl InstructionBuilder {
    /// Creates a new instruction builder with core configuration.
    pub fn new(core: CoreConfig) -> Self {
        Self {
            core,
            events: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new instruction builder with event metadata for custom hats.
    pub fn with_events(core: CoreConfig, events: HashMap<String, EventMetadata>) -> Self {
        Self { core, events }
    }

    /// Derives instructions from a hat's pub/sub contract and event metadata.
    ///
    /// For each event the hat triggers on or publishes:
    /// 1. Check event metadata for on_trigger/on_publish instructions
    /// 2. Fall back to built-in defaults for well-known events
    ///
    /// This allows users to define custom events with custom behaviors,
    /// while still getting sensible defaults for standard events.
    fn derive_instructions_from_contract(&self, hat: &Hat) -> String {
        let mut behaviors: Vec<String> = Vec::new();

        // Derive behaviors from triggers (what this hat responds to)
        for trigger in &hat.subscriptions {
            let trigger_str = trigger.as_str();

            // First, check event metadata
            if let Some(meta) = self.events.get(trigger_str)
                && !meta.on_trigger.is_empty()
            {
                behaviors.push(format!("**On `{}`:** {}", trigger_str, meta.on_trigger));
                continue;
            }

            // Fall back to built-in defaults for well-known events
            let default_behavior = match trigger_str {
                "task.start" | "task.resume" => {
                    Some("Analyze the task and create a plan in the scratchpad.")
                }
                "build.done" => Some("Review the completed work and decide next steps."),
                "build.blocked" => Some(
                    "Analyze the blocker and decide how to unblock (simplify task, gather info, or escalate).",
                ),
                "build.task" => Some(
                    "Implement the assigned task. Follow existing patterns. Run backpressure (tests/lint/typecheck/audit/coverage/specs; mutation testing when configured). Commit atomically when tests pass.",
                ),
                "review.request" => Some(
                    "Review the recent changes for correctness, tests, patterns, errors, and security.",
                ),
                "review.approved" => Some("Mark the task complete `[x]` and proceed to next task."),
                "review.changes_requested" => Some("Add fix tasks to scratchpad and dispatch."),
                _ => None,
            };

            if let Some(behavior) = default_behavior {
                behaviors.push(format!("**On `{}`:** {}", trigger_str, behavior));
            }
        }

        // Derive behaviors from publishes (what this hat outputs)
        for publish in &hat.publishes {
            let publish_str = publish.as_str();

            // First, check event metadata
            if let Some(meta) = self.events.get(publish_str)
                && !meta.on_publish.is_empty()
            {
                behaviors.push(format!(
                    "**Publish `{}`:** {}",
                    publish_str, meta.on_publish
                ));
                continue;
            }

            // Fall back to built-in defaults for well-known events
            let default_behavior = match publish_str {
                "build.task" => Some("Dispatch ONE AT A TIME for pending `[ ]` tasks."),
                "build.done" => Some("When implementation is finished and tests pass."),
                "build.blocked" => Some("When stuck - include what you tried and why it failed."),
                "review.request" => Some("After build completion, before marking done."),
                "review.approved" => Some("If changes look good and meet requirements."),
                "review.changes_requested" => Some("If issues found - include specific feedback."),
                _ => None,
            };

            if let Some(behavior) = default_behavior {
                behaviors.push(format!("**Publish `{}`:** {}", publish_str, behavior));
            }
        }

        // Add must-publish rule if hat has publishable events
        if !hat.publishes.is_empty() {
            let topics: Vec<&str> = hat.publishes.iter().map(|t| t.as_str()).collect();
            behaviors.push(format!(
                "You MUST publish one of: `{}` every iteration or the loop will terminate.",
                topics.join("`, `")
            ));
        }

        if behaviors.is_empty() {
            "Follow the incoming event instructions.".to_string()
        } else {
            format!("### Derived Behaviors\n\n{}", behaviors.join("\n\n"))
        }
    }

    /// Builds custom hat instructions for extended multi-agent configurations.
    ///
    /// Use this for hats beyond the default Ralph.
    /// When instructions are empty, derives them from the pub/sub contract.
    pub fn build_custom_hat(&self, hat: &Hat, events_context: &str) -> String {
        let guardrails = self
            .core
            .guardrails
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, g)| format!("{}. {g}", 999 + i))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join("\n");

        let role_instructions = if hat.instructions.is_empty() {
            self.derive_instructions_from_contract(hat)
        } else {
            hat.instructions.clone()
        };

        let (publish_topics, must_publish) = if hat.publishes.is_empty() {
            (String::new(), String::new())
        } else {
            let topics: Vec<&str> = hat.publishes.iter().map(|t| t.as_str()).collect();
            let topics_list = topics.join(", ");
            let topics_backticked = format!("`{}`", topics.join("`, `"));

            (
                format!("You publish to: {}", topics_list),
                format!(
                    "\n\nYou MUST publish one of these events: {}\nYou MUST NOT end the iteration without publishing because this will terminate the loop.",
                    topics_backticked
                ),
            )
        };

        format!(
            r"You are {name}. You have fresh context each iteration.

### 0. ORIENTATION
You MUST study the incoming event context.
You MUST NOT assume work isn't done — verify first.

### 1. EXECUTE
{role_instructions}
You MUST NOT use more than 1 subagent for build/tests.

### 2. VERIFY
You MUST run tests and verify implementation before reporting done.
You MUST NOT report completion without evidence (test output, build success).
You MUST NOT close tasks unless ALL conditions are met:
- Implementation is actually complete (not partially done)
- Tests pass (run them and verify output)
- Build succeeds (if applicable)

### 3. REPORT
You MUST publish a result event with evidence.
{publish_topics}{must_publish}

### GUARDRAILS
{guardrails}

---
You MUST handle these events:
{events}",
            name = hat.name,
            role_instructions = role_instructions,
            publish_topics = publish_topics,
            must_publish = must_publish,
            guardrails = guardrails,
            events = events_context,
        )
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn default_builder() -> InstructionBuilder {
        InstructionBuilder::new(CoreConfig::default())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_hat_with_rfc2119_patterns() {
        let builder = default_builder();
        let hat = Hat::new("reviewer", "Code Reviewer")
            .with_instructions("Review PRs for quality and correctness.");

        let instructions = builder.build_custom_hat(&hat, "PR #123 ready for review");

        // Custom role with RFC2119 style identity
        assert!(instructions.contains("Code Reviewer"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You have fresh context each iteration"));

        // Numbered orientation phase with RFC2119
        assert!(instructions.contains("### 0. ORIENTATION"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST study the incoming event context"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST NOT assume work isn't done"));

        // Numbered execute phase with RFC2119
        assert!(instructions.contains("### 1. EXECUTE"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("Review PRs for quality"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST NOT use more than 1 subagent for build/tests"));

        // Verify phase with RFC2119 (task completion verification)
        assert!(instructions.contains("### 2. VERIFY"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST run tests and verify implementation"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST NOT close tasks unless"));

        // Report phase with RFC2119
        assert!(instructions.contains("### 3. REPORT"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST publish a result event"));

        // Guardrails section with high numbers
        assert!(instructions.contains("### GUARDRAILS"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("999."));

        // Event context is included with RFC2119 directive
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST handle these events"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("PR #123 ready for review"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_guardrails_injected() {
        let custom_core = CoreConfig {
            scratchpad: ".workspace/plan.md".to_string(),
            specs_dir: "./specifications/".to_string(),
            guardrails: vec!["Custom rule one".to_string(), "Custom rule two".to_string()],
            workspace_root: std::path::PathBuf::from("."),
        };
        let builder = InstructionBuilder::new(custom_core);

        let hat = Hat::new("worker", "Worker").with_instructions("Do the work.");
        let instructions = builder.build_custom_hat(&hat, "context");

        // Custom guardrails are injected with 999+ numbering
        assert!(instructions.contains("999. Custom rule one"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("1000. Custom rule two"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_must_publish_injected_for_explicit_instructions() {
        use ralph_proto::Topic;

        let builder = default_builder();
        let hat = Hat::new("reviewer", "Code Reviewer")
            .with_instructions("Review PRs for quality and correctness.")
            .with_publishes(vec![
                Topic::new("review.approved"),
                Topic::new("review.changes_requested"),
            ]);

        let instructions = builder.build_custom_hat(&hat, "PR #123 ready");

        // Must-publish rule should be injected even with explicit instructions (RFC2119)
        assert!(
            instructions.contains("You MUST publish one of these events"),
            "Must-publish rule should be injected for custom hats with publishes"
        );
        assert!(instructions.contains("`review.approved`"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("`review.changes_requested`"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("You MUST NOT end the iteration without publishing"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_must_publish_not_injected_when_no_publishes() {
        let builder = default_builder();
        let hat = Hat::new("observer", "Silent Observer")
            .with_instructions("Observe and log, but do not emit events.");

        let instructions = builder.build_custom_hat(&hat, "Observe this");

        // No must-publish rule when hat has no publishes
        // Note: The prompt says "You MUST publish a result event" in the REPORT section,
        // but the specific "You MUST publish one of these events:" list should not appear
        assert!(
            !instructions.contains("You MUST publish one of these events"),
            "Specific must-publish list should NOT be injected when hat has no publishes"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_derived_behaviors_when_no_explicit_instructions() {
        use ralph_proto::Topic;

        let builder = default_builder();
        let hat = Hat::new("builder", "Builder")
            .subscribe("build.task")
            .with_publishes(vec![Topic::new("build.done"), Topic::new("build.blocked")]);

        let instructions = builder.build_custom_hat(&hat, "Implement feature X");

        // Should derive behaviors from pub/sub contract
        assert!(instructions.contains("Derived Behaviors"));
        assert!(instructions.contains("build.task"));
    }
}