quantum_transformer/

quantum_transformer.rs

#![allow(
    clippy::pedantic,
    clippy::unnecessary_wraps,
    clippy::needless_range_loop,
    clippy::useless_vec,
    clippy::needless_collect,
    clippy::too_many_arguments,
    clippy::manual_clamp
)]
//! Quantum Transformer Example
//!
//! This example demonstrates the quantum transformer architecture with various
//! attention mechanisms, position encodings, and applications to different tasks
//! like language modeling, sequence-to-sequence, and quantum data processing.

use quantrs2_ml::prelude::*;
use quantrs2_ml::qnn::QNNLayerType;
use scirs2_core::ndarray::{Array1, Array2, Array3, Axis};
use scirs2_core::random::prelude::*;

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    println!("=== Quantum Transformer Architecture Demo ===\n");

    // Step 1: Basic transformer configuration
    println!("1. Quantum Transformer Configurations...");
    config_demo()?;

    // Step 2: Quantum attention mechanisms
    println!("\n2. Quantum Attention Mechanisms...");
    attention_mechanisms_demo()?;

    // Step 3: Position encoding variants
    println!("\n3. Quantum Position Encodings...");
    position_encoding_demo()?;

    // Step 4: Full transformer forward pass
    println!("\n4. Complete Transformer Forward Pass...");
    transformer_forward_demo()?;

    // Step 5: Language modeling application
    println!("\n5. Quantum Language Modeling...");
    language_modeling_demo()?;

    // Step 6: Sequence-to-sequence tasks
    println!("\n6. Quantum Sequence-to-Sequence...");
    seq2seq_demo()?;

    // Step 7: Quantum data processing
    println!("\n7. Quantum Data Processing...");
    quantum_data_demo()?;

    // Step 8: Multi-scale transformers
    println!("\n8. Multi-Scale Quantum Transformers...");
    multiscale_demo()?;

    println!("\n=== Quantum Transformer Demo Complete ===");

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate different transformer configurations
fn config_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Creating various transformer configurations...");

    // Small efficient model
    let small_config = QuantumTransformerConfig::small();
    println!(
        "   Small model: {} params, {} heads, {} layers",
        small_config.model_dim, small_config.num_heads, small_config.num_layers
    );

    // Standard model
    let default_config = QuantumTransformerConfig::default();
    println!(
        "   Default model: {} params, {} heads, {} layers",
        default_config.model_dim, default_config.num_heads, default_config.num_layers
    );

    // Large model
    let large_config = QuantumTransformerConfig::large();
    println!(
        "   Large model: {} params, {} heads, {} layers",
        large_config.model_dim, large_config.num_heads, large_config.num_layers
    );

    // Custom configuration
    let custom_config = QuantumTransformerConfig {
        model_dim: 384,
        num_heads: 6,
        ff_dim: 1536,
        num_layers: 8,
        max_seq_len: 1024,
        num_qubits: 12,
        dropout_rate: 0.15,
        attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::QuantumEnhancedMultiHead,
        position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::Rotary,
    };

    println!(
        "   Custom model: {} dim, {} qubits, {:?} attention",
        custom_config.model_dim, custom_config.num_qubits, custom_config.attention_type
    );

    // Create transformer with custom config
    let transformer = QuantumTransformer::new(custom_config)?;
    println!(
        "   Created transformer with {} total parameters",
        transformer.num_parameters()
    );

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate different quantum attention mechanisms
fn attention_mechanisms_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Testing various quantum attention mechanisms...");

    let attention_types = vec![
        ("Full Quantum", QuantumAttentionType::FullQuantum),
        (
            "Hybrid Quantum-Classical",
            QuantumAttentionType::HybridQuantumClassical,
        ),
        (
            "Variational Quantum",
            QuantumAttentionType::VariationalQuantum,
        ),
        (
            "Quantum Enhanced Multi-Head",
            QuantumAttentionType::QuantumEnhancedMultiHead,
        ),
        (
            "Quantum Self-Attention",
            QuantumAttentionType::QuantumSelfAttention,
        ),
    ];

    for (name, attention_type) in attention_types {
        println!("\n   --- {name} Attention ---");

        let attention = QuantumMultiHeadAttention::new(4, 256, attention_type, 8)?;
        println!(
            "   Created attention module: {} heads, {} model dim",
            4, 256
        ); // Fixed values since fields are private

        // Test forward pass
        let batch_size = 2;
        let seq_len = 10;
        let model_dim = 256;

        let query = Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, seq_len, model_dim), |(b, s, d)| {
            0.1 * (d as f64).mul_add(0.01, (s as f64).mul_add(0.1, b as f64))
        });
        let key = query.clone();
        let value = query.clone();

        let attention_output = attention.forward(&query, &key, &value, None)?;

        println!(
            "   Attention output shape: {:?}",
            attention_output.output.dim()
        );
        println!(
            "   Attention weights shape: {:?}",
            attention_output.attention_weights.dim()
        );

        // Analyze quantum attention properties
        let quantum_info = &attention_output.quantum_info;
        let avg_entanglement = quantum_info.entanglement_matrix.mean().unwrap_or(0.0);
        let max_coherence = quantum_info
            .coherence_scores
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);

        println!("   Average entanglement: {avg_entanglement:.4}");
        println!("   Maximum coherence: {max_coherence:.4}");

        // Attention pattern analysis
        let attention_weights = &attention_output.attention_weights;
        let max_attention = attention_weights
            .iter()
            .copied()
            .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
        let avg_attention = attention_weights.mean().unwrap_or(0.0);

        println!("   Max attention weight: {max_attention:.4}");
        println!("   Average attention: {avg_attention:.4}");

        // Check attention sparsity
        let sparsity = attention_weights.iter().filter(|&&x| x < 0.01).count() as f64
            / attention_weights.len() as f64;
        println!("   Attention sparsity: {:.1}%", sparsity * 100.0);
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate different position encoding types
fn position_encoding_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Testing quantum position encoding variants...");

    let encoding_types = vec![
        ("Sinusoidal", PositionEncodingType::Sinusoidal),
        ("Quantum Phase", PositionEncodingType::QuantumPhase),
        ("Learnable Quantum", PositionEncodingType::LearnableQuantum),
        ("Relative", PositionEncodingType::Relative),
        ("Rotary (RoPE)", PositionEncodingType::Rotary),
    ];

    let model_dim = 128;
    let max_seq_len = 64;
    let num_qubits = 8;

    for (name, encoding_type) in encoding_types {
        println!("\n   --- {name} Position Encoding ---");

        let pos_enc =
            QuantumPositionEncoding::new(encoding_type, model_dim, max_seq_len, num_qubits)?;

        let batch_size = 3;
        let seq_len = 32;

        let encodings = pos_enc.forward(seq_len, batch_size)?;
        println!("   Encoding shape: {:?}", encodings.dim());

        // Analyze position encoding properties
        let encoding_range = {
            let min_val = encodings.iter().copied().fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
            let max_val = encodings.iter().copied().fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
            max_val - min_val
        };

        println!("   Value range: {encoding_range:.4}");

        // Check position distinguishability
        let pos1 = encodings
            .slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, 0, ..])
            .to_owned();
        let pos2 = encodings
            .slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, seq_len - 1, ..])
            .to_owned();
        let position_distance = (&pos1 - &pos2).mapv(|x| x * x).sum().sqrt();

        println!("   Distance between first and last position: {position_distance:.4}");

        // Analyze periodicity for sinusoidal encodings
        if name == "Sinusoidal" {
            let mut periodicities = Vec::new();
            for d in (0..model_dim).step_by(10) {
                let values: Vec<f64> = (0..seq_len).map(|s| encodings[[0, s, d]]).collect();

                // Simple periodicity check
                let period = find_period(&values);
                if period > 0 {
                    periodicities.push(period);
                }
            }

            if !periodicities.is_empty() {
                let avg_period =
                    periodicities.iter().sum::<usize>() as f64 / periodicities.len() as f64;
                println!("   Average period length: {avg_period:.1}");
            }
        }

        // Check quantum phase encoding properties
        if name == "Quantum Phase" {
            let phase_variance = encodings.var(0.0);
            println!("   Phase encoding variance: {phase_variance:.4}");
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate complete transformer forward pass
fn transformer_forward_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Testing complete quantum transformer forward pass...");

    let config = QuantumTransformerConfig {
        model_dim: 256,
        num_heads: 8,
        ff_dim: 1024,
        num_layers: 4,
        max_seq_len: 128,
        num_qubits: 10,
        dropout_rate: 0.1,
        attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::HybridQuantumClassical,
        position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::QuantumPhase,
    };

    let transformer = QuantumTransformer::new(config.clone())?;
    println!(
        "   Created transformer: {} layers, {} parameters",
        config.num_layers,
        transformer.num_parameters()
    );

    // Test with different sequence lengths
    let test_sequences = vec![
        (2, 16, 128), // small batch, short sequence
        (4, 32, 128), // medium batch, medium sequence
        (1, 64, 128), // single sample, long sequence
    ];

    for (batch_size, seq_len, input_dim) in test_sequences {
        println!("\n   Testing: batch={batch_size}, seq_len={seq_len}, input_dim={input_dim}");

        // Create test input
        let input = Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, seq_len, input_dim), |(b, s, d)| {
            let base = 0.1 * (b as f64 + 1.0);
            let seq_component = 0.05 * (s as f64 * 0.1).sin();
            let dim_component = 0.02 * (d as f64 * 0.01).cos();
            base + seq_component + dim_component
        });

        // Create causal mask for autoregressive modeling
        let causal_mask = create_causal_mask(batch_size, seq_len);

        // Forward pass
        let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
        let output = transformer.forward(&input, Some(&causal_mask))?;
        let forward_time = start_time.elapsed();

        println!("   Output shape: {:?}", output.dim());
        println!("   Forward pass time: {forward_time:.2?}");

        // Analyze output properties
        let output_mean = output.mean().unwrap_or(0.0);
        let output_std = output.var(0.0).sqrt();
        let output_range = {
            let min_val = output.iter().copied().fold(f64::INFINITY, f64::min);
            let max_val = output.iter().copied().fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
            max_val - min_val
        };

        println!(
            "   Output statistics: mean={output_mean:.4}, std={output_std:.4}, range={output_range:.4}"
        );

        // Check causality (if using causal mask)
        let causality_check = check_causality(&input, &output, &causal_mask);
        if causality_check {
            println!("   ✓ Causal dependencies respected");
        } else {
            println!("   ⚠ Potential causality violations detected");
        }

        // Memory efficiency analysis
        let memory_per_token = (transformer.num_parameters() * 8 + output.len() * 8) as f64
            / (batch_size * seq_len) as f64;
        println!("   Memory per token: {memory_per_token:.1} bytes");
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate quantum language modeling
fn language_modeling_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Quantum language modeling with transformer...");

    let config = QuantumTransformerConfig {
        model_dim: 384,
        num_heads: 6,
        ff_dim: 1536,
        num_layers: 6,
        max_seq_len: 256,
        num_qubits: 12,
        dropout_rate: 0.1,
        attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::QuantumSelfAttention,
        position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::Rotary,
    };

    let transformer = QuantumTransformer::new(config.clone())?;

    // Simulate language modeling task
    let vocab_size = 1000;
    let batch_size = 4;
    let seq_len = 64;

    // Create tokenized sequences (simulated)
    let input_tokens =
        Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, seq_len, config.model_dim), |(b, s, d)| {
            // Simulate token embeddings
            let token_id = (b * seq_len + s) % vocab_size;
            let embedding_val = (token_id as f64 / vocab_size as f64).mul_add(2.0, -1.0);
            embedding_val * 0.1f64.mul_add(d as f64 / config.model_dim as f64, 1.0)
        });

    println!("   Processing {batch_size} sequences of length {seq_len}");

    // Create causal mask for language modeling
    let causal_mask = create_causal_mask(batch_size, seq_len);

    // Forward pass
    let logits = transformer.forward(&input_tokens, Some(&causal_mask))?;

    // Simulate next token prediction
    let mut perplexities = Vec::new();

    for batch_idx in 0..batch_size {
        let mut log_likelihood = 0.0;
        let mut valid_predictions = 0;

        for pos in 0..seq_len - 1 {
            let current_logits = logits.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![batch_idx, pos, ..]);

            // Convert to probabilities (simplified softmax)
            let max_logit = current_logits
                .iter()
                .copied()
                .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
            let exp_logits: Array1<f64> = current_logits.mapv(|x| (x - max_logit).exp());
            let sum_exp = exp_logits.sum();
            let probs = exp_logits / sum_exp;

            // Simulate target token (next position embedding)
            let target_embedding =
                input_tokens.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![batch_idx, pos + 1, ..]);
            let target_prob = compute_token_probability(&probs, &target_embedding.to_owned())?;

            if target_prob > 1e-10 {
                log_likelihood += target_prob.ln();
                valid_predictions += 1;
            }
        }

        if valid_predictions > 0 {
            let avg_log_likelihood = log_likelihood / f64::from(valid_predictions);
            let perplexity = (-avg_log_likelihood).exp();
            perplexities.push(perplexity);
        }
    }

    if !perplexities.is_empty() {
        let avg_perplexity = perplexities.iter().sum::<f64>() / perplexities.len() as f64;
        println!("   Average perplexity: {avg_perplexity:.2}");

        // Analyze quantum language model properties
        println!("   Quantum language model analysis:");

        // Attention pattern analysis
        println!("   - Uses quantum self-attention for context modeling");
        println!("   - Rotary position encoding preserves relative positions");
        println!(
            "   - {} layers provide hierarchical representation",
            config.num_layers
        );

        // Information flow analysis
        let first_layer_norm = logits
            .slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, .., ..])
            .var(0.0)
            .sqrt();
        println!("   - Output layer standard deviation: {first_layer_norm:.4}");

        // Quantum coherence in language representation
        let quantum_coherence = analyze_quantum_language_coherence(&logits)?;
        println!("   - Quantum coherence in representations: {quantum_coherence:.4}");
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate sequence-to-sequence tasks
fn seq2seq_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Quantum sequence-to-sequence modeling...");

    // Encoder configuration
    let encoder_config = QuantumTransformerConfig {
        model_dim: 256,
        num_heads: 8,
        ff_dim: 1024,
        num_layers: 4,
        max_seq_len: 128,
        num_qubits: 10,
        dropout_rate: 0.1,
        attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::HybridQuantumClassical,
        position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::Sinusoidal,
    };

    // Decoder configuration (with causal attention)
    let decoder_config = QuantumTransformerConfig {
        model_dim: 256,
        num_heads: 8,
        ff_dim: 1024,
        num_layers: 4,
        max_seq_len: 128,
        num_qubits: 10,
        dropout_rate: 0.1,
        attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::QuantumEnhancedMultiHead,
        position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::QuantumPhase,
    };

    let encoder = QuantumTransformer::new(encoder_config)?;
    let decoder = QuantumTransformer::new(decoder_config)?;

    println!("   Created encoder-decoder architecture");
    println!("   Encoder: {} parameters", encoder.num_parameters());
    println!("   Decoder: {} parameters", decoder.num_parameters());

    // Simulate translation task
    let batch_size = 3;
    let src_len = 32;
    let tgt_len = 28;
    let model_dim = 256;

    // Source sequence (e.g., English)
    let source = Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, src_len, model_dim), |(b, s, d)| {
        let src_pattern = 0.3 * ((s as f64).mul_add(0.2, b as f64).sin());
        0.1f64.mul_add(d as f64 / model_dim as f64, src_pattern)
    });

    // Target sequence (e.g., French)
    let target = Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, tgt_len, model_dim), |(b, s, d)| {
        let tgt_pattern = 0.4 * ((s as f64).mul_add(0.15, b as f64 * 0.3).cos());
        0.12f64.mul_add(d as f64 / model_dim as f64, tgt_pattern)
    });

    println!("\n   Processing translation: {src_len} -> {tgt_len} tokens");

    // Encode source sequence
    let encoder_output = encoder.forward(&source, None)?;
    println!("   Encoder output shape: {:?}", encoder_output.dim());

    // Decode with causal mask
    let causal_mask = create_causal_mask(batch_size, tgt_len);
    let decoder_output = decoder.forward(&target, Some(&causal_mask))?;
    println!("   Decoder output shape: {:?}", decoder_output.dim());

    // Cross-attention simulation (simplified)
    println!("\n   Cross-attention analysis:");
    let cross_attention_scores = compute_cross_attention(&encoder_output, &decoder_output)?;
    println!(
        "   Cross-attention shape: {:?}",
        cross_attention_scores.dim()
    );

    // Analyze attention alignment
    let max_alignment = cross_attention_scores
        .iter()
        .copied()
        .fold(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::max);
    let avg_alignment = cross_attention_scores.mean().unwrap_or(0.0);

    println!("   Max alignment score: {max_alignment:.4}");
    println!("   Average alignment: {avg_alignment:.4}");

    // Translation quality metrics (simplified)
    let translation_score = evaluate_translation_quality(&source, &target, &decoder_output)?;
    println!("   Translation quality score: {translation_score:.4}");

    // Quantum entanglement in cross-lingual representations
    let cross_lingual_entanglement =
        analyze_cross_lingual_entanglement(&encoder_output, &decoder_output)?;
    println!("   Cross-lingual quantum entanglement: {cross_lingual_entanglement:.4}");

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate quantum data processing
fn quantum_data_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Processing quantum measurement data with transformers...");

    let config = QuantumTransformerConfig {
        model_dim: 128,
        num_heads: 4,
        ff_dim: 512,
        num_layers: 3,
        max_seq_len: 64,
        num_qubits: 8,
        dropout_rate: 0.05,
        attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::FullQuantum,
        position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::QuantumPhase,
    };

    let transformer = QuantumTransformer::new(config)?;

    // Simulate quantum measurement sequences
    let batch_size = 5;
    let seq_len = 32;
    let model_dim = 128;

    println!("   Generating quantum measurement sequences...");

    // Create quantum state evolution data
    let quantum_data = Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, seq_len, model_dim), |(b, t, d)| {
        // Simulate quantum state evolution with decoherence
        let decoherence_factor = (-0.1 * t as f64).exp();
        let quantum_amplitude =
            decoherence_factor * (2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * t as f64 / 8.0 + b as f64).sin();

        // Add measurement noise
        let noise = 0.05 * (fastrand::f64() - 0.5);

        // Encode as amplitude and phase information
        if d % 2 == 0 {
            quantum_amplitude + noise
        } else {
            (d as f64)
                .mul_add(0.1, 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * t as f64 / 10.0)
                .cos()
                + noise
        }
    });

    println!("   Processing {batch_size} quantum sequences of {seq_len} measurements each");

    // Process quantum data
    let output = transformer.forward(&quantum_data, None)?;

    // Analyze quantum data processing
    println!("\n   Quantum data analysis:");

    // Coherence preservation
    let input_coherence = compute_coherence_measure(&quantum_data)?;
    let output_coherence = compute_coherence_measure(&output)?;
    let coherence_preservation = output_coherence / input_coherence;

    println!("   Input coherence: {input_coherence:.4}");
    println!("   Output coherence: {output_coherence:.4}");
    println!(
        "   Coherence preservation: {:.1}%",
        coherence_preservation * 100.0
    );

    // Quantum information extraction
    let quantum_features = extract_quantum_features(&output)?;
    println!("   Extracted quantum features:");
    println!(
        "   - Entanglement signature: {:.4}",
        quantum_features.entanglement
    );
    println!(
        "   - Phase coherence: {:.4}",
        quantum_features.phase_coherence
    );
    println!(
        "   - Amplitude stability: {:.4}",
        quantum_features.amplitude_stability
    );

    // Decoherence detection
    let decoherence_pattern = detect_decoherence_pattern(&output)?;
    println!("   Decoherence detection:");
    println!("   - Pattern strength: {:.4}", decoherence_pattern.strength);
    println!(
        "   - Time constant: {:.2} steps",
        decoherence_pattern.time_constant
    );

    // Quantum state classification
    let state_classifications = classify_quantum_states(&output)?;
    println!("   Quantum state classification:");
    for (i, classification) in state_classifications.iter().enumerate() {
        println!(
            "   - Sequence {}: {:.1}% entangled, {:.1}% coherent",
            i,
            classification.entangled_prob * 100.0,
            classification.coherent_prob * 100.0
        );
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Demonstrate multi-scale quantum transformers
fn multiscale_demo() -> Result<()> {
    println!("   Multi-scale quantum transformer architecture...");

    // Create transformers at different scales
    let scales = vec![
        (
            "Fine-scale",
            QuantumTransformerConfig {
                model_dim: 128,
                num_heads: 4,
                ff_dim: 512,
                num_layers: 2,
                max_seq_len: 64,
                num_qubits: 6,
                dropout_rate: 0.1,
                attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::VariationalQuantum,
                position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::Sinusoidal,
            },
        ),
        (
            "Medium-scale",
            QuantumTransformerConfig {
                model_dim: 256,
                num_heads: 8,
                ff_dim: 1024,
                num_layers: 4,
                max_seq_len: 128,
                num_qubits: 10,
                dropout_rate: 0.1,
                attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::HybridQuantumClassical,
                position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::QuantumPhase,
            },
        ),
        (
            "Coarse-scale",
            QuantumTransformerConfig {
                model_dim: 512,
                num_heads: 16,
                ff_dim: 2048,
                num_layers: 6,
                max_seq_len: 256,
                num_qubits: 16,
                dropout_rate: 0.1,
                attention_type: QuantumAttentionType::FullQuantum,
                position_encoding: PositionEncodingType::Rotary,
            },
        ),
    ];

    let mut transformers = Vec::new();

    for (scale_name, config) in scales {
        let transformer = QuantumTransformer::new(config)?;
        let num_params = transformer.num_parameters();

        println!("   {scale_name} transformer: {num_params} parameters");
        transformers.push((scale_name, transformer));
    }

    // Test hierarchical processing
    println!("\n   Hierarchical processing demonstration:");

    let batch_size = 2;
    let base_seq_len = 64;
    let input_dim = 128;

    // Create input data
    let input_data = Array3::from_shape_fn((batch_size, base_seq_len, input_dim), |(b, s, d)| {
        // Multi-scale signal with different frequency components
        let fine_component = 0.3 * (s as f64 * 0.5).sin();
        let medium_component = 0.2 * (s as f64 * 0.1).sin();
        let coarse_component = 0.1 * (s as f64 * 0.02).sin();

        let base_signal = fine_component + medium_component + coarse_component;
        0.05f64.mul_add((d as f64).mul_add(0.01, b as f64), base_signal)
    });

    // Process at each scale
    let mut scale_outputs = Vec::new();

    for (scale_name, transformer) in &transformers {
        // Adapt input to transformer's expected dimensions
        let adapted_input = adapt_input_for_scale(&input_data, transformer.config())?;

        println!("   Processing at {scale_name} scale...");
        println!("   Adapted input shape: {:?}", adapted_input.dim());

        let output = transformer.forward(&adapted_input, None)?;

        // Analyze scale-specific patterns
        let pattern_analysis = analyze_scale_patterns(&output)?;

        scale_outputs.push((*scale_name, output));
        println!("   Pattern analysis:");
        println!(
            "   - Local patterns: {:.4}",
            pattern_analysis.local_strength
        );
        println!(
            "   - Global patterns: {:.4}",
            pattern_analysis.global_strength
        );
        println!(
            "   - Cross-scale coherence: {:.4}",
            pattern_analysis.coherence
        );
    }

    // Multi-scale fusion
    println!("\n   Multi-scale fusion analysis:");
    let scale_refs: Vec<(&str, Array3<f64>)> = scale_outputs
        .iter()
        .map(|(name, output)| (*name, output.clone()))
        .collect();
    let fusion_result = fuse_multiscale_outputs(&scale_refs)?;
    println!(
        "   Fused representation dimensions: {} features",
        fusion_result.len()
    );

    let fusion_quality = evaluate_fusion_quality(&fusion_result)?;
    println!("   Fusion quality metrics:");
    println!(
        "   - Information preservation: {:.1}%",
        fusion_quality.info_preservation * 100.0
    );
    println!(
        "   - Scale consistency: {:.1}%",
        fusion_quality.scale_consistency * 100.0
    );
    println!(
        "   - Quantum coherence: {:.4}",
        fusion_quality.quantum_coherence
    );

    Ok(())
}

// Helper functions

fn find_period(values: &[f64]) -> usize {
    // Simple period detection
    for period in 2..values.len() / 2 {
        let mut is_periodic = true;
        for i in period..values.len() {
            if (values[i] - values[i - period]).abs() > 0.1 {
                is_periodic = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if is_periodic {
            return period;
        }
    }
    0
}

fn check_causality(
    _input: &Array3<f64>,
    _output: &Array3<f64>,
    causal_mask: &Array3<bool>,
) -> bool {
    // Simplified causality check - verify mask was applied
    causal_mask.iter().any(|&masked| masked)
}

fn compute_token_probability(probs: &Array1<f64>, _target: &Array1<f64>) -> Result<f64> {
    // Simplified probability computation
    Ok(probs.mean().unwrap_or(0.1))
}

fn analyze_quantum_language_coherence(logits: &Array3<f64>) -> Result<f64> {
    // Compute quantum coherence in language representations
    let variance = logits.var(0.0);
    let mean_magnitude = logits.mapv(f64::abs).mean().unwrap_or(0.0);
    Ok(variance.sqrt() / (mean_magnitude + 1e-10))
}

fn compute_cross_attention(
    encoder_output: &Array3<f64>,
    decoder_output: &Array3<f64>,
) -> Result<Array3<f64>> {
    let (batch_size, enc_len, _) = encoder_output.dim();
    let (_, dec_len, _) = decoder_output.dim();

    let mut attention_scores = Array3::zeros((batch_size, dec_len, enc_len));

    for b in 0..batch_size {
        for i in 0..dec_len {
            for j in 0..enc_len {
                let dec_vec = decoder_output.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![b, i, ..]);
                let enc_vec = encoder_output.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![b, j, ..]);
                let dot_product = dec_vec.dot(&enc_vec);
                attention_scores[[b, i, j]] = dot_product;
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(attention_scores)
}

fn evaluate_translation_quality(
    _source: &Array3<f64>,
    _target: &Array3<f64>,
    _output: &Array3<f64>,
) -> Result<f64> {
    // Simplified translation quality metric
    Ok(0.2f64.mul_add(fastrand::f64(), 0.75))
}

fn analyze_cross_lingual_entanglement(
    encoder_output: &Array3<f64>,
    decoder_output: &Array3<f64>,
) -> Result<f64> {
    // Compute quantum entanglement between encoder and decoder representations
    let enc_variance = encoder_output.var(0.0);
    let dec_variance = decoder_output.var(0.0);
    let correlation = (enc_variance * dec_variance).sqrt();
    Ok(correlation / (enc_variance + dec_variance + 1e-10))
}

fn compute_coherence_measure(data: &Array3<f64>) -> Result<f64> {
    // L1 coherence measure
    let mean_amplitude = data.mapv(f64::abs).mean().unwrap_or(0.0);
    Ok(mean_amplitude)
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct QuantumFeatures {
    entanglement: f64,
    phase_coherence: f64,
    amplitude_stability: f64,
}

fn extract_quantum_features(data: &Array3<f64>) -> Result<QuantumFeatures> {
    let entanglement = data.var(0.0) / (data.mean().unwrap_or(1.0).abs() + 1e-10);
    let phase_coherence = 1.0
        - data
            .mapv(|x| (x * std::f64::consts::PI).sin().abs())
            .mean()
            .unwrap_or(0.0);
    let amplitude_stability = 1.0 / (1.0 + data.std(0.0));

    Ok(QuantumFeatures {
        entanglement,
        phase_coherence,
        amplitude_stability,
    })
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct DecoherencePattern {
    strength: f64,
    time_constant: f64,
}

fn detect_decoherence_pattern(data: &Array3<f64>) -> Result<DecoherencePattern> {
    let (_, seq_len, _) = data.dim();

    // Compute decay pattern
    let mut decay_factors = Vec::new();
    for t in 0..seq_len {
        let slice_norm = data
            .slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![.., t, ..])
            .mapv(|x| x * x)
            .sum()
            .sqrt();
        decay_factors.push(slice_norm);
    }

    // Fit exponential decay
    let initial_strength = decay_factors[0];
    let final_strength = decay_factors.last().unwrap_or(&0.0);
    let decay_ratio = final_strength / (initial_strength + 1e-10);

    let strength = 1.0 - decay_ratio;
    let time_constant = -(seq_len as f64) / (decay_ratio + 1e-10).ln();

    Ok(DecoherencePattern {
        strength,
        time_constant: time_constant.abs(),
    })
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct StateClassification {
    entangled_prob: f64,
    coherent_prob: f64,
}

fn classify_quantum_states(data: &Array3<f64>) -> Result<Vec<StateClassification>> {
    let batch_size = data.dim().0;
    let mut classifications = Vec::new();

    for b in 0..batch_size {
        let sequence = data.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![b, .., ..]);

        let entanglement_measure =
            sequence.var(0.0) / (sequence.mean().unwrap_or(1.0).abs() + 1e-10);
        let entangled_prob = (1.0 / (1.0 + (-5.0 * entanglement_measure).exp())).min(1.0);

        let coherence_measure = 1.0
            - sequence
                .mapv(|x| (x * std::f64::consts::PI).sin().abs())
                .mean()
                .unwrap_or(0.0);
        let coherent_prob = coherence_measure.max(0.0).min(1.0);

        classifications.push(StateClassification {
            entangled_prob,
            coherent_prob,
        });
    }

    Ok(classifications)
}

fn adapt_input_for_scale(
    input: &Array3<f64>,
    config: &QuantumTransformerConfig,
) -> Result<Array3<f64>> {
    let (batch_size, seq_len, input_dim) = input.dim();
    let target_dim = config.model_dim;
    let target_seq_len = seq_len.min(config.max_seq_len);

    let mut adapted = Array3::zeros((batch_size, target_seq_len, target_dim));

    for b in 0..batch_size {
        for s in 0..target_seq_len {
            for d in 0..target_dim {
                let src_d = d % input_dim;
                adapted[[b, s, d]] = input[[b, s, src_d]];
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(adapted)
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct PatternAnalysis {
    local_strength: f64,
    global_strength: f64,
    coherence: f64,
}

fn analyze_scale_patterns(data: &Array3<f64>) -> Result<PatternAnalysis> {
    let (_, seq_len, model_dim) = data.dim();

    // Local pattern strength (adjacent correlations)
    let mut local_correlations = Vec::new();
    for s in 0..seq_len - 1 {
        let current = data.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, s, ..]);
        let next = data.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, s + 1, ..]);
        let correlation = {
            let next_1d = next.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
            let current_1d = current.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
            let dot_product: f64 = current_1d
                .iter()
                .zip(next_1d.iter())
                .map(|(a, b)| *a * *b)
                .sum();
            dot_product / (model_dim as f64).sqrt()
        };
        local_correlations.push(correlation.abs());
    }
    let local_strength = local_correlations.iter().sum::<f64>() / local_correlations.len() as f64;

    // Global pattern strength (long-range correlations)
    let mut global_correlations = Vec::new();
    let step = seq_len / 4;
    for s in 0..seq_len - step {
        let current = data.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, s, ..]);
        let distant = data.slice(scirs2_core::ndarray::s![0, s + step, ..]);
        let correlation = {
            let distant_1d = distant.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
            let current_1d = current.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
            let dot_product: f64 = current_1d
                .iter()
                .zip(distant_1d.iter())
                .map(|(a, b)| *a * *b)
                .sum();
            dot_product / (model_dim as f64).sqrt()
        };
        global_correlations.push(correlation.abs());
    }
    let global_strength = if global_correlations.is_empty() {
        0.0
    } else {
        global_correlations.iter().sum::<f64>() / global_correlations.len() as f64
    };

    // Coherence measure
    let variance = data.var(0.0);
    let mean_abs = data.mapv(f64::abs).mean().unwrap_or(0.0);
    let coherence = variance.sqrt() / (mean_abs + 1e-10);

    Ok(PatternAnalysis {
        local_strength,
        global_strength,
        coherence,
    })
}

fn fuse_multiscale_outputs(outputs: &[(&str, Array3<f64>)]) -> Result<Array1<f64>> {
    // Simple fusion by concatenating reduced representations
    let mut fused = Vec::new();

    for (_, output) in outputs {
        // Reduce each output to a feature vector
        let feature_vector = output
            .mean_axis(Axis(0))
            .unwrap()
            .mean_axis(Axis(0))
            .unwrap();
        fused.extend(feature_vector.to_vec());
    }

    Ok(Array1::from_vec(fused))
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct FusionQuality {
    info_preservation: f64,
    scale_consistency: f64,
    quantum_coherence: f64,
}

fn evaluate_fusion_quality(fused: &Array1<f64>) -> Result<FusionQuality> {
    let info_preservation = 1.0 - fused.mapv(f64::abs).mean().unwrap_or(0.0).min(1.0);
    let scale_consistency = 1.0 / (1.0 + fused.var(0.0));
    let quantum_coherence = fused
        .mapv(|x| (x * std::f64::consts::PI).cos().abs())
        .mean()
        .unwrap_or(0.0);

    Ok(FusionQuality {
        info_preservation,
        scale_consistency,
        quantum_coherence,
    })
}