quantrs2_circuit/

resource_estimator.rs

//! Resource estimator using `SciRS2` complexity analysis
//!
//! This module provides comprehensive resource estimation for quantum circuits,
//! including gate counts, circuit depth, memory requirements, and execution time
//! estimation using `SciRS2`'s advanced complexity analysis capabilities.

use crate::builder::Circuit;
use crate::scirs2_integration::{AnalyzerConfig, GraphMetrics, SciRS2CircuitAnalyzer};
use quantrs2_core::{
    error::{QuantRS2Error, QuantRS2Result},
    gate::GateOp,
    qubit::QubitId,
};
use scirs2_core::ndarray::Array2;
use scirs2_core::Complex64;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::Duration;

/// Comprehensive resource estimation result
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ResourceEstimate {
    /// Circuit-level resource metrics
    pub circuit_metrics: CircuitMetrics,
    /// Computational complexity analysis
    pub complexity_analysis: ComplexityAnalysis,
    /// Memory requirements estimation
    pub memory_requirements: MemoryRequirements,
    /// Execution time estimation
    pub execution_time: ExecutionTimeEstimate,
    /// Hardware-specific requirements
    pub hardware_requirements: HardwareRequirements,
    /// `SciRS2` graph analysis metrics
    pub graph_metrics: Option<GraphMetrics>,
    /// Scalability analysis
    pub scalability_analysis: ScalabilityAnalysis,
    /// Optimization suggestions
    pub optimization_suggestions: Vec<OptimizationSuggestion>,
}

/// Basic circuit metrics
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CircuitMetrics {
    /// Total number of gates
    pub total_gates: usize,
    /// Gate count by type
    pub gate_counts: HashMap<String, usize>,
    /// Circuit depth (critical path length)
    pub circuit_depth: usize,
    /// Number of qubits used
    pub qubit_count: usize,
    /// Number of two-qubit gates
    pub two_qubit_gates: usize,
    /// Number of single-qubit gates
    pub single_qubit_gates: usize,
    /// Number of multi-qubit gates (3+ qubits)
    pub multi_qubit_gates: usize,
    /// Quantum volume estimate
    pub quantum_volume: f64,
    /// Circuit fidelity estimate
    pub fidelity_estimate: f64,
}

/// Computational complexity analysis
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ComplexityAnalysis {
    /// Time complexity class
    pub time_complexity: ComplexityClass,
    /// Space complexity class
    pub space_complexity: ComplexityClass,
    /// Gate complexity (product of gates and qubits)
    pub gate_complexity: f64,
    /// Entanglement complexity
    pub entanglement_complexity: f64,
    /// Classical simulation complexity
    pub classical_simulation_complexity: f64,
    /// Quantum advantage factor
    pub quantum_advantage_factor: Option<f64>,
    /// Algorithm classification
    pub algorithm_classification: AlgorithmClass,
    /// Scaling behavior
    pub scaling_behavior: ScalingBehavior,
}

/// Complexity classes for quantum algorithms
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ComplexityClass {
    /// Constant complexity O(1)
    Constant,
    /// Logarithmic complexity O(log n)
    Logarithmic,
    /// Linear complexity O(n)
    Linear,
    /// Polynomial complexity O(n^k)
    Polynomial { degree: f64 },
    /// Exponential complexity O(2^n)
    Exponential,
    /// Super-exponential complexity
    SuperExponential,
    /// Unknown or custom complexity
    Custom { description: String },
}

/// Algorithm classification
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum AlgorithmClass {
    /// Quantum Fourier Transform based
    QftBased,
    /// Amplitude amplification based
    AmplitudeAmplification,
    /// Variational quantum algorithm
    Variational,
    /// Quantum walk based
    QuantumWalk,
    /// Adiabatic quantum computation
    Adiabatic,
    /// Quantum error correction
    ErrorCorrection,
    /// Quantum machine learning
    QuantumML,
    /// Quantum simulation
    QuantumSimulation,
    /// Quantum cryptography
    Cryptography,
    /// Quantum optimization
    Optimization,
    /// General quantum circuit
    General,
}

/// Scaling behavior analysis
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ScalingBehavior {
    /// How gates scale with problem size
    pub gate_scaling: ScalingFunction,
    /// How depth scales with problem size
    pub depth_scaling: ScalingFunction,
    /// How qubits scale with problem size
    pub qubit_scaling: ScalingFunction,
    /// How execution time scales
    pub time_scaling: ScalingFunction,
}

/// Mathematical scaling function
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ScalingFunction {
    /// Constant scaling
    Constant { value: f64 },
    /// Linear scaling
    Linear { coefficient: f64 },
    /// Polynomial scaling
    Polynomial { coefficient: f64, exponent: f64 },
    /// Exponential scaling
    Exponential { base: f64, coefficient: f64 },
    /// Logarithmic scaling
    Logarithmic { coefficient: f64 },
    /// Custom function
    Custom {
        description: String,
        complexity: f64,
    },
}

/// Memory requirements estimation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct MemoryRequirements {
    /// Classical memory for state vector (bytes)
    pub state_vector_memory: u64,
    /// Classical memory for gate matrices (bytes)
    pub gate_matrix_memory: u64,
    /// Auxiliary memory for computation (bytes)
    pub auxiliary_memory: u64,
    /// Total classical memory required (bytes)
    pub total_classical_memory: u64,
    /// Quantum memory (number of qubits)
    pub quantum_memory: usize,
    /// Memory complexity scaling
    pub memory_scaling: ScalingFunction,
    /// Memory optimization suggestions
    pub memory_optimizations: Vec<String>,
}

/// Execution time estimation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ExecutionTimeEstimate {
    /// Estimated execution time
    pub estimated_time: Duration,
    /// Gate execution time breakdown
    pub gate_time_breakdown: HashMap<String, Duration>,
    /// Critical path execution time
    pub critical_path_time: Duration,
    /// Parallelization factor
    pub parallelization_factor: f64,
    /// Hardware-dependent timing factors
    pub hardware_timing_factors: HashMap<String, f64>,
    /// Confidence interval
    pub confidence_interval: (Duration, Duration),
    /// Timing model used
    pub timing_model: TimingModel,
}

/// Timing models for execution estimation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TimingModel {
    /// Simple gate counting model
    GateCounting { gates_per_second: f64 },
    /// Physics-based model with T1/T2 times
    PhysicsBased {
        t1_time: Duration,
        t2_time: Duration,
        gate_times: HashMap<String, Duration>,
    },
    /// Machine learning predicted times
    MachineLearning { model_id: String, accuracy: f64 },
    /// Benchmark-based empirical model
    Empirical { benchmark_data: String },
}

/// Hardware-specific requirements
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct HardwareRequirements {
    /// Minimum number of physical qubits
    pub min_physical_qubits: usize,
    /// Connectivity requirements
    pub connectivity_requirements: ConnectivityRequirement,
    /// Gate fidelity requirements
    pub fidelity_requirements: HashMap<String, f64>,
    /// Coherence time requirements
    pub coherence_requirements: CoherenceRequirement,
    /// Hardware platform recommendations
    pub platform_recommendations: Vec<PlatformRecommendation>,
    /// Error correction overhead
    pub error_correction_overhead: ErrorCorrectionOverhead,
}

/// Connectivity requirements for quantum hardware
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ConnectivityRequirement {
    /// All-to-all connectivity required
    AllToAll,
    /// Linear nearest-neighbor connectivity
    Linear,
    /// Grid connectivity
    Grid { dimensions: (usize, usize) },
    /// Specific connectivity graph
    Custom { adjacency_matrix: Vec<Vec<bool>> },
    /// Minimum connectivity degree
    MinimumDegree { degree: usize },
}

/// Coherence time requirements
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CoherenceRequirement {
    /// Minimum T1 time required
    pub min_t1: Duration,
    /// Minimum T2 time required
    pub min_t2: Duration,
    /// Required gate time to coherence time ratio
    pub gate_to_coherence_ratio: f64,
}

/// Platform recommendation
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PlatformRecommendation {
    /// Platform name
    pub platform: String,
    /// Suitability score (0.0 to 1.0)
    pub suitability_score: f64,
    /// Reasoning for recommendation
    pub reasoning: String,
    /// Estimated success probability
    pub success_probability: f64,
    /// Required modifications
    pub required_modifications: Vec<String>,
}

/// Error correction overhead analysis
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ErrorCorrectionOverhead {
    /// Physical to logical qubit ratio
    pub physical_to_logical_ratio: f64,
    /// Gate count overhead factor
    pub gate_overhead_factor: f64,
    /// Time overhead factor
    pub time_overhead_factor: f64,
    /// Recommended error correction code
    pub recommended_code: String,
    /// Threshold error rate required
    pub threshold_error_rate: f64,
}

/// Scalability analysis
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ScalabilityAnalysis {
    /// Scalability score (0.0 to 1.0)
    pub scalability_score: f64,
    /// Bottleneck identification
    pub bottlenecks: Vec<ScalabilityBottleneck>,
    /// Scaling predictions
    pub scaling_predictions: HashMap<String, ScalingPrediction>,
    /// Resource limits
    pub resource_limits: ResourceLimits,
}

/// Scalability bottleneck
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ScalabilityBottleneck {
    /// Bottleneck type
    pub bottleneck_type: BottleneckType,
    /// Severity (0.0 to 1.0)
    pub severity: f64,
    /// Description
    pub description: String,
    /// Mitigation suggestions
    pub mitigation_suggestions: Vec<String>,
}

/// Types of scalability bottlenecks
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum BottleneckType {
    /// Memory bottleneck
    Memory,
    /// Computation time bottleneck
    ComputationTime,
    /// Quantum coherence bottleneck
    QuantumCoherence,
    /// Hardware connectivity bottleneck
    Connectivity,
    /// Error rate bottleneck
    ErrorRate,
    /// Classical processing bottleneck
    ClassicalProcessing,
}

/// Scaling prediction for different problem sizes
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ScalingPrediction {
    /// Problem sizes to predict for
    pub problem_sizes: Vec<usize>,
    /// Predicted resource values
    pub predicted_values: Vec<f64>,
    /// Confidence intervals
    pub confidence_intervals: Vec<(f64, f64)>,
    /// Prediction model used
    pub model: String,
}

/// Resource limits for different scales
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ResourceLimits {
    /// Maximum feasible problem size with current technology
    pub max_current_technology: usize,
    /// Maximum feasible with near-term improvements
    pub max_near_term: usize,
    /// Maximum theoretical limit
    pub max_theoretical: Option<usize>,
    /// Limiting factors
    pub limiting_factors: Vec<String>,
}

/// Optimization suggestion
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct OptimizationSuggestion {
    /// Suggestion type
    pub suggestion_type: OptimizationType,
    /// Expected improvement
    pub expected_improvement: f64,
    /// Implementation complexity
    pub implementation_complexity: ComplexityLevel,
    /// Description
    pub description: String,
    /// Code impact areas
    pub impact_areas: Vec<String>,
}

/// Types of optimization suggestions
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum OptimizationType {
    /// Gate count reduction
    GateCountReduction,
    /// Depth reduction
    DepthReduction,
    /// Memory optimization
    MemoryOptimization,
    /// Parallelization opportunity
    Parallelization,
    /// Algorithm substitution
    AlgorithmSubstitution,
    /// Hardware-specific optimization
    HardwareOptimization,
    /// Error mitigation
    ErrorMitigation,
}

/// Implementation complexity levels
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ComplexityLevel {
    /// Low complexity (easy to implement)
    Low,
    /// Medium complexity (moderate effort)
    Medium,
    /// High complexity (significant effort)
    High,
    /// Research required
    Research,
}

/// Resource estimation configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ResourceEstimatorConfig {
    /// Enable detailed analysis
    pub enable_detailed_analysis: bool,
    /// Enable `SciRS2` graph analysis
    pub enable_graph_analysis: bool,
    /// Enable scalability analysis
    pub enable_scalability_analysis: bool,
    /// Enable hardware-specific analysis
    pub enable_hardware_analysis: bool,
    /// Target hardware platforms
    pub target_platforms: Vec<String>,
    /// Analysis depth level
    pub analysis_depth: AnalysisDepth,
    /// Include optimization suggestions
    pub include_optimizations: bool,
    /// `SciRS2` analyzer configuration
    pub scirs2_config: Option<AnalyzerConfig>,
}

/// Analysis depth levels
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum AnalysisDepth {
    /// Basic gate counting only
    Basic,
    /// Standard complexity analysis
    Standard,
    /// Comprehensive analysis
    Comprehensive,
    /// Research-grade analysis
    Research,
}

impl Default for ResourceEstimatorConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            enable_detailed_analysis: true,
            enable_graph_analysis: true,
            enable_scalability_analysis: true,
            enable_hardware_analysis: true,
            target_platforms: vec![
                "IBM Quantum".to_string(),
                "Google Quantum AI".to_string(),
                "IonQ".to_string(),
                "Rigetti".to_string(),
            ],
            analysis_depth: AnalysisDepth::Standard,
            include_optimizations: true,
            scirs2_config: None,
        }
    }
}

/// SciRS2-powered resource estimator
pub struct ResourceEstimator {
    config: ResourceEstimatorConfig,
    scirs2_analyzer: Option<SciRS2CircuitAnalyzer>,
    gate_cost_database: HashMap<String, GateCost>,
    platform_database: HashMap<String, PlatformCharacteristics>,
}

/// Cost characteristics for different gates
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct GateCost {
    /// Execution time
    pub execution_time: Duration,
    /// Error rate
    pub error_rate: f64,
    /// Energy consumption
    pub energy_cost: f64,
    /// Resource overhead
    pub resource_overhead: f64,
}

/// Platform characteristics database
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PlatformCharacteristics {
    /// Platform name
    pub name: String,
    /// Qubit count
    pub qubit_count: usize,
    /// Connectivity topology
    pub connectivity: ConnectivityRequirement,
    /// Gate fidelities
    pub gate_fidelities: HashMap<String, f64>,
    /// Coherence times
    pub coherence_times: CoherenceRequirement,
    /// Gate set supported
    pub native_gates: Vec<String>,
    /// Measurement fidelity
    pub measurement_fidelity: f64,
}

impl ResourceEstimator {
    /// Create a new resource estimator
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(config: ResourceEstimatorConfig) -> Self {
        let scirs2_analyzer = if config.enable_graph_analysis {
            Some(SciRS2CircuitAnalyzer::new())
        } else {
            None
        };

        let mut estimator = Self {
            config,
            scirs2_analyzer,
            gate_cost_database: HashMap::new(),
            platform_database: HashMap::new(),
        };

        estimator.initialize_databases();
        estimator
    }

    /// Create resource estimator with custom `SciRS2` configuration
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_scirs2_config(
        config: ResourceEstimatorConfig,
        scirs2_config: AnalyzerConfig,
    ) -> Self {
        let scirs2_analyzer = Some(SciRS2CircuitAnalyzer::with_config(scirs2_config));

        let mut estimator = Self {
            config,
            scirs2_analyzer,
            gate_cost_database: HashMap::new(),
            platform_database: HashMap::new(),
        };

        estimator.initialize_databases();
        estimator
    }

    /// Estimate resources for a quantum circuit
    pub fn estimate_resources<const N: usize>(
        &mut self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<ResourceEstimate> {
        // Calculate basic circuit metrics
        let circuit_metrics = self.calculate_circuit_metrics(circuit)?;

        // Perform complexity analysis
        let complexity_analysis = self.analyze_complexity(circuit, &circuit_metrics)?;

        // Estimate memory requirements
        let memory_requirements = self.estimate_memory_requirements(circuit, &circuit_metrics)?;

        // Estimate execution time
        let execution_time = self.estimate_execution_time(circuit, &circuit_metrics)?;

        // Analyze hardware requirements
        let hardware_requirements = if self.config.enable_hardware_analysis {
            self.analyze_hardware_requirements(circuit, &circuit_metrics)?
        } else {
            self.default_hardware_requirements()
        };

        // Get SciRS2 graph metrics if enabled
        let graph_metrics = if self.config.enable_graph_analysis {
            self.get_graph_metrics(circuit)?
        } else {
            None
        };

        // Perform scalability analysis
        let scalability_analysis = if self.config.enable_scalability_analysis {
            self.analyze_scalability(circuit, &circuit_metrics, &complexity_analysis)?
        } else {
            self.default_scalability_analysis()
        };

        // Generate optimization suggestions
        let optimization_suggestions = if self.config.include_optimizations {
            self.generate_optimization_suggestions(
                circuit,
                &circuit_metrics,
                &complexity_analysis,
                &memory_requirements,
            )?
        } else {
            Vec::new()
        };

        Ok(ResourceEstimate {
            circuit_metrics,
            complexity_analysis,
            memory_requirements,
            execution_time,
            hardware_requirements,
            graph_metrics,
            scalability_analysis,
            optimization_suggestions,
        })
    }

    /// Initialize gate cost and platform databases
    fn initialize_databases(&mut self) {
        // Initialize gate cost database
        self.gate_cost_database.insert(
            "H".to_string(),
            GateCost {
                execution_time: Duration::from_nanos(20),
                error_rate: 0.001,
                energy_cost: 1.0,
                resource_overhead: 1.0,
            },
        );

        self.gate_cost_database.insert(
            "X".to_string(),
            GateCost {
                execution_time: Duration::from_nanos(20),
                error_rate: 0.001,
                energy_cost: 1.0,
                resource_overhead: 1.0,
            },
        );

        self.gate_cost_database.insert(
            "CNOT".to_string(),
            GateCost {
                execution_time: Duration::from_nanos(200),
                error_rate: 0.01,
                energy_cost: 5.0,
                resource_overhead: 2.0,
            },
        );

        // Initialize platform database
        self.platform_database.insert(
            "IBM Quantum".to_string(),
            PlatformCharacteristics {
                name: "IBM Quantum".to_string(),
                qubit_count: 127,
                connectivity: ConnectivityRequirement::Custom {
                    adjacency_matrix: Vec::new(), // Would contain actual IBM topology
                },
                gate_fidelities: [
                    ("H".to_string(), 0.999),
                    ("X".to_string(), 0.999),
                    ("CNOT".to_string(), 0.99),
                ]
                .iter()
                .cloned()
                .collect(),
                coherence_times: CoherenceRequirement {
                    min_t1: Duration::from_micros(100),
                    min_t2: Duration::from_micros(50),
                    gate_to_coherence_ratio: 0.01,
                },
                native_gates: vec![
                    "RZ".to_string(),
                    "SX".to_string(),
                    "X".to_string(),
                    "CNOT".to_string(),
                ],
                measurement_fidelity: 0.98,
            },
        );

        // Add more platforms...
    }

    /// Calculate basic circuit metrics
    fn calculate_circuit_metrics<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<CircuitMetrics> {
        let gates = circuit.gates();
        let total_gates = gates.len();

        let mut gate_counts = HashMap::new();
        let mut single_qubit_gates = 0;
        let mut two_qubit_gates = 0;
        let mut multi_qubit_gates = 0;

        for gate in gates {
            let gate_name = gate.name();
            *gate_counts.entry(gate_name.to_string()).or_insert(0) += 1;

            match gate.qubits().len() {
                1 => single_qubit_gates += 1,
                2 => two_qubit_gates += 1,
                n if n > 2 => multi_qubit_gates += 1,
                _ => {}
            }
        }

        // Calculate circuit depth (simplified)
        let circuit_depth = self.calculate_circuit_depth(circuit)?;

        // Estimate quantum volume
        let quantum_volume = (N as f64).min(circuit_depth as f64).powi(2);

        // Estimate fidelity
        let fidelity_estimate = self.estimate_circuit_fidelity(circuit, &gate_counts)?;

        Ok(CircuitMetrics {
            total_gates,
            gate_counts,
            circuit_depth,
            qubit_count: N,
            two_qubit_gates,
            single_qubit_gates,
            multi_qubit_gates,
            quantum_volume,
            fidelity_estimate,
        })
    }

    /// Calculate circuit depth using topological analysis
    fn calculate_circuit_depth<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<usize> {
        // Simplified depth calculation - would use proper DAG analysis in practice
        let gates = circuit.gates();
        if gates.is_empty() {
            return Ok(0);
        }

        // For now, return a rough estimate based on gate dependencies
        // In a full implementation, this would use proper topological sorting
        let mut depth_per_qubit = vec![0; N];

        for gate in gates {
            let qubits = gate.qubits();
            let max_current_depth = qubits
                .iter()
                .map(|q| depth_per_qubit[q.id() as usize])
                .max()
                .unwrap_or(0);

            for qubit in qubits {
                depth_per_qubit[qubit.id() as usize] = max_current_depth + 1;
            }
        }

        Ok(depth_per_qubit.into_iter().max().unwrap_or(0))
    }

    /// Estimate circuit fidelity based on gate error rates
    fn estimate_circuit_fidelity<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        gate_counts: &HashMap<String, usize>,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
        let mut total_error_rate = 0.0;

        for (gate_name, count) in gate_counts {
            if let Some(gate_cost) = self.gate_cost_database.get(gate_name) {
                total_error_rate += gate_cost.error_rate * (*count as f64);
            } else {
                // Default error rate for unknown gates
                total_error_rate += 0.01 * (*count as f64);
            }
        }

        let fidelity = (1.0 - total_error_rate).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
        Ok(fidelity)
    }

    /// Analyze computational complexity
    fn analyze_complexity<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<ComplexityAnalysis> {
        // Analyze time complexity based on gate count and circuit structure
        let time_complexity = if metrics.total_gates <= 100 {
            ComplexityClass::Constant
        } else if metrics.total_gates < 1000 {
            ComplexityClass::Linear
        } else {
            ComplexityClass::Polynomial { degree: 2.0 }
        };

        // Analyze space complexity (exponential in qubit count for classical simulation)
        let space_complexity = ComplexityClass::Exponential;

        // Calculate gate complexity
        let gate_complexity = (metrics.total_gates as f64) * (N as f64);

        // Estimate entanglement complexity (simplified)
        let entanglement_complexity =
            (metrics.two_qubit_gates as f64) / (metrics.total_gates as f64).max(1.0);

        // Classical simulation complexity
        let classical_simulation_complexity = (N as f64).exp2();

        // Quantum advantage factor (simplified estimation)
        let quantum_advantage_factor = if classical_simulation_complexity > 1e6 {
            Some(classical_simulation_complexity / (metrics.total_gates as f64))
        } else {
            None
        };

        // Algorithm classification (simplified heuristic)
        let algorithm_classification = self.classify_algorithm(circuit, metrics)?;

        // Scaling behavior analysis
        let scaling_behavior = self.analyze_scaling_behavior(metrics)?;

        Ok(ComplexityAnalysis {
            time_complexity,
            space_complexity,
            gate_complexity,
            entanglement_complexity,
            classical_simulation_complexity,
            quantum_advantage_factor,
            algorithm_classification,
            scaling_behavior,
        })
    }

    /// Classify the quantum algorithm based on circuit structure
    fn classify_algorithm<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<AlgorithmClass> {
        // Simplified algorithm classification based on gate patterns
        let gates = circuit.gates();

        // Check for QFT patterns (many H gates)
        if let Some(&h_count) = metrics.gate_counts.get("H") {
            if h_count > N / 2 {
                return Ok(AlgorithmClass::QftBased);
            }
        }

        // Check for amplitude amplification (controlled gates + H gates)
        if metrics.two_qubit_gates > metrics.single_qubit_gates {
            return Ok(AlgorithmClass::AmplitudeAmplification);
        }

        // Check for variational patterns (parameterized gates)
        // This would require checking for RX, RY, RZ gates in practice
        if metrics.circuit_depth > metrics.total_gates / 4 {
            return Ok(AlgorithmClass::Variational);
        }

        Ok(AlgorithmClass::General)
    }

    /// Analyze scaling behavior
    fn analyze_scaling_behavior(
        &self,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<ScalingBehavior> {
        Ok(ScalingBehavior {
            gate_scaling: ScalingFunction::Linear {
                coefficient: metrics.total_gates as f64 / metrics.qubit_count as f64,
            },
            depth_scaling: ScalingFunction::Linear {
                coefficient: metrics.circuit_depth as f64 / metrics.qubit_count as f64,
            },
            qubit_scaling: ScalingFunction::Linear { coefficient: 1.0 },
            time_scaling: ScalingFunction::Polynomial {
                coefficient: 1.0,
                exponent: 2.0,
            },
        })
    }

    /// Estimate memory requirements
    fn estimate_memory_requirements<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<MemoryRequirements> {
        // State vector memory: 2^N complex numbers, each 16 bytes
        let state_vector_memory = (1u64 << N) * 16;

        // Gate matrix memory: approximate based on gate count
        let gate_matrix_memory = (metrics.total_gates as u64) * 64; // 4x4 complex matrices

        // Auxiliary memory for computation (buffers, temporaries)
        let auxiliary_memory = state_vector_memory / 4;

        let total_classical_memory = state_vector_memory + gate_matrix_memory + auxiliary_memory;

        let memory_scaling = ScalingFunction::Exponential {
            base: 2.0,
            coefficient: 16.0,
        };

        let memory_optimizations = vec![
            "Use sparse state representations for low-entanglement circuits".to_string(),
            "Implement tensor network simulation for large qubit counts".to_string(),
            "Use GPU memory for state vector storage".to_string(),
        ];

        Ok(MemoryRequirements {
            state_vector_memory,
            gate_matrix_memory,
            auxiliary_memory,
            total_classical_memory,
            quantum_memory: N,
            memory_scaling,
            memory_optimizations,
        })
    }

    /// Estimate execution time
    fn estimate_execution_time<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<ExecutionTimeEstimate> {
        let mut total_time = Duration::from_nanos(0);
        let mut gate_time_breakdown = HashMap::new();

        // Calculate time for each gate type
        for (gate_name, count) in &metrics.gate_counts {
            let gate_time = if let Some(gate_cost) = self.gate_cost_database.get(gate_name) {
                gate_cost.execution_time
            } else {
                Duration::from_nanos(100) // Default gate time
            };

            let total_gate_time = gate_time * (*count as u32);
            gate_time_breakdown.insert(gate_name.clone(), total_gate_time);
            total_time += total_gate_time;
        }

        // Critical path time (simplified - would use proper scheduling analysis)
        let critical_path_time = total_time / 2; // Rough estimate

        // Parallelization factor
        let parallelization_factor = if metrics.circuit_depth > 0 {
            (metrics.total_gates as f64) / (metrics.circuit_depth as f64)
        } else {
            1.0
        };

        // Hardware timing factors
        let hardware_timing_factors = [
            ("decoherence_overhead".to_string(), 1.1),
            ("measurement_overhead".to_string(), 1.05),
            ("classical_processing".to_string(), 1.2),
        ]
        .iter()
        .cloned()
        .collect();

        // Confidence interval (±20%)
        let lower_bound = total_time * 80 / 100;
        let upper_bound = total_time * 120 / 100;

        let timing_model = TimingModel::GateCounting {
            gates_per_second: 1e6,
        };

        Ok(ExecutionTimeEstimate {
            estimated_time: total_time,
            gate_time_breakdown,
            critical_path_time,
            parallelization_factor,
            hardware_timing_factors,
            confidence_interval: (lower_bound, upper_bound),
            timing_model,
        })
    }

    /// Analyze hardware requirements
    fn analyze_hardware_requirements<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<HardwareRequirements> {
        // Minimum physical qubits (with error correction overhead)
        let min_physical_qubits = N * 50; // Rough estimate for logical qubits

        // Connectivity requirements based on circuit structure
        let connectivity_requirements = if metrics.two_qubit_gates > N {
            ConnectivityRequirement::AllToAll
        } else {
            ConnectivityRequirement::Linear
        };

        // Fidelity requirements
        let fidelity_requirements = [
            ("single_qubit".to_string(), 0.999),
            ("two_qubit".to_string(), 0.99),
            ("measurement".to_string(), 0.98),
        ]
        .iter()
        .cloned()
        .collect();

        // Coherence requirements
        let coherence_requirements = CoherenceRequirement {
            min_t1: Duration::from_micros((metrics.circuit_depth as u64) * 10),
            min_t2: Duration::from_micros((metrics.circuit_depth as u64) * 5),
            gate_to_coherence_ratio: 0.01,
        };

        // Platform recommendations
        let platform_recommendations = self.recommend_platforms(metrics)?;

        // Error correction overhead
        let error_correction_overhead = ErrorCorrectionOverhead {
            physical_to_logical_ratio: 50.0,
            gate_overhead_factor: 10.0,
            time_overhead_factor: 100.0,
            recommended_code: "Surface Code".to_string(),
            threshold_error_rate: 0.001,
        };

        Ok(HardwareRequirements {
            min_physical_qubits,
            connectivity_requirements,
            fidelity_requirements,
            coherence_requirements,
            platform_recommendations,
            error_correction_overhead,
        })
    }

    /// Recommend suitable hardware platforms
    fn recommend_platforms(
        &self,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<Vec<PlatformRecommendation>> {
        let mut recommendations = Vec::new();

        for platform_name in &self.config.target_platforms {
            if let Some(platform) = self.platform_database.get(platform_name) {
                let suitability_score = self.calculate_platform_suitability(platform, metrics);

                recommendations.push(PlatformRecommendation {
                    platform: platform_name.clone(),
                    suitability_score,
                    reasoning: self.generate_platform_reasoning(
                        platform,
                        metrics,
                        suitability_score,
                    ),
                    success_probability: suitability_score * 0.8,
                    required_modifications: self.suggest_platform_modifications(platform, metrics),
                });
            }
        }

        recommendations.sort_by(|a, b| {
            b.suitability_score
                .partial_cmp(&a.suitability_score)
                .unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
        });
        Ok(recommendations)
    }

    /// Calculate platform suitability score
    fn calculate_platform_suitability(
        &self,
        platform: &PlatformCharacteristics,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> f64 {
        let mut score = 1.0;

        // Qubit count factor
        if platform.qubit_count < metrics.qubit_count {
            score *= 0.1; // Severely penalize insufficient qubits
        }

        // Gate fidelity factor
        let avg_fidelity: f64 =
            platform.gate_fidelities.values().sum::<f64>() / platform.gate_fidelities.len() as f64;
        score *= avg_fidelity;

        // Two-qubit gate factor
        if metrics.two_qubit_gates > metrics.qubit_count * 2 {
            score *= 0.8; // Penalize for high two-qubit gate requirements
        }

        score.clamp(0.0, 1.0)
    }

    /// Generate reasoning for platform recommendation
    fn generate_platform_reasoning(
        &self,
        platform: &PlatformCharacteristics,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
        score: f64,
    ) -> String {
        if score > 0.8 {
            format!(
                "Excellent match: {} has sufficient qubits ({}) and high fidelity gates",
                platform.name, platform.qubit_count
            )
        } else if score > 0.6 {
            format!(
                "Good match: {} meets most requirements but may need optimization",
                platform.name
            )
        } else if score > 0.4 {
            format!(
                "Marginal match: {} has limitations for this circuit",
                platform.name
            )
        } else {
            format!(
                "Poor match: {} is not well-suited for this circuit",
                platform.name
            )
        }
    }

    /// Suggest platform modifications
    fn suggest_platform_modifications(
        &self,
        platform: &PlatformCharacteristics,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut modifications = Vec::new();

        if platform.qubit_count < metrics.qubit_count {
            modifications.push("Increase qubit count or decompose circuit".to_string());
        }

        if metrics.two_qubit_gates > platform.qubit_count {
            modifications.push("Optimize circuit connectivity".to_string());
        }

        modifications
    }

    /// Get `SciRS2` graph metrics
    fn get_graph_metrics<const N: usize>(
        &mut self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<Option<GraphMetrics>> {
        if let Some(analyzer) = &mut self.scirs2_analyzer {
            let analysis = analyzer.analyze_circuit(circuit)?;
            Ok(Some(analysis.metrics))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }

    /// Analyze scalability
    fn analyze_scalability<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
        complexity: &ComplexityAnalysis,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<ScalabilityAnalysis> {
        let scalability_score = self.calculate_scalability_score(metrics, complexity);
        let bottlenecks = self.identify_bottlenecks(metrics, complexity);
        let scaling_predictions = self.predict_scaling(metrics)?;
        let resource_limits = self.calculate_resource_limits(metrics);

        Ok(ScalabilityAnalysis {
            scalability_score,
            bottlenecks,
            scaling_predictions,
            resource_limits,
        })
    }

    /// Calculate overall scalability score
    fn calculate_scalability_score(
        &self,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
        complexity: &ComplexityAnalysis,
    ) -> f64 {
        let mut score: f64 = 1.0;

        // Penalize exponential classical simulation complexity
        if complexity.classical_simulation_complexity > 1e12 {
            score *= 0.5;
        }

        // Penalize high gate complexity
        if complexity.gate_complexity > 1e6 {
            score *= 0.7;
        }

        // Reward quantum advantage
        if complexity.quantum_advantage_factor.is_some() {
            score *= 1.2;
        }

        score.clamp(0.0, 1.0)
    }

    /// Identify scalability bottlenecks
    fn identify_bottlenecks(
        &self,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
        complexity: &ComplexityAnalysis,
    ) -> Vec<ScalabilityBottleneck> {
        let mut bottlenecks = Vec::new();

        // Memory bottleneck
        if complexity.classical_simulation_complexity > 1e15 {
            bottlenecks.push(ScalabilityBottleneck {
                bottleneck_type: BottleneckType::Memory,
                severity: 0.9,
                description: "Exponential memory growth limits classical simulation".to_string(),
                mitigation_suggestions: vec![
                    "Use tensor network simulation".to_string(),
                    "Implement approximate methods".to_string(),
                ],
            });
        }

        // Coherence bottleneck
        if metrics.circuit_depth > 100 {
            bottlenecks.push(ScalabilityBottleneck {
                bottleneck_type: BottleneckType::QuantumCoherence,
                severity: 0.7,
                description: "Deep circuits may exceed coherence times".to_string(),
                mitigation_suggestions: vec![
                    "Reduce circuit depth".to_string(),
                    "Use error correction".to_string(),
                ],
            });
        }

        bottlenecks
    }

    /// Predict scaling for different problem sizes
    fn predict_scaling(
        &self,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<HashMap<String, ScalingPrediction>> {
        let mut predictions = HashMap::new();

        // Gate count scaling
        let problem_sizes = vec![10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
        let gate_predictions: Vec<f64> = problem_sizes
            .iter()
            .map(|&size| {
                (size as f64) * (metrics.total_gates as f64) / (metrics.qubit_count as f64)
            })
            .collect();
        let gate_confidence: Vec<(f64, f64)> = gate_predictions
            .iter()
            .map(|&pred| (pred * 0.8, pred * 1.2))
            .collect();

        predictions.insert(
            "gates".to_string(),
            ScalingPrediction {
                problem_sizes,
                predicted_values: gate_predictions,
                confidence_intervals: gate_confidence,
                model: "Linear scaling".to_string(),
            },
        );

        Ok(predictions)
    }

    /// Calculate resource limits
    fn calculate_resource_limits(&self, metrics: &CircuitMetrics) -> ResourceLimits {
        ResourceLimits {
            max_current_technology: 50,   // Current NISQ limit
            max_near_term: 1000,          // Near-term with error correction
            max_theoretical: Some(10000), // Theoretical limit
            limiting_factors: vec![
                "Quantum error rates".to_string(),
                "Coherence times".to_string(),
                "Classical simulation complexity".to_string(),
            ],
        }
    }

    /// Generate optimization suggestions
    fn generate_optimization_suggestions<const N: usize>(
        &self,
        circuit: &Circuit<N>,
        metrics: &CircuitMetrics,
        complexity: &ComplexityAnalysis,
        memory: &MemoryRequirements,
    ) -> QuantRS2Result<Vec<OptimizationSuggestion>> {
        let mut suggestions = Vec::new();

        // Gate count reduction
        if metrics.total_gates > 100 {
            suggestions.push(OptimizationSuggestion {
                suggestion_type: OptimizationType::GateCountReduction,
                expected_improvement: 0.2,
                implementation_complexity: ComplexityLevel::Medium,
                description: "Apply gate fusion and redundancy elimination".to_string(),
                impact_areas: vec!["circuit_depth".to_string(), "execution_time".to_string()],
            });
        }

        // Memory optimization
        if memory.total_classical_memory > 1e9 as u64 {
            suggestions.push(OptimizationSuggestion {
                suggestion_type: OptimizationType::MemoryOptimization,
                expected_improvement: 0.5,
                implementation_complexity: ComplexityLevel::High,
                description: "Use tensor network or sparse representations".to_string(),
                impact_areas: vec![
                    "memory_usage".to_string(),
                    "simulation_feasibility".to_string(),
                ],
            });
        }

        // Parallelization
        if metrics.circuit_depth < metrics.total_gates / 2 {
            suggestions.push(OptimizationSuggestion {
                suggestion_type: OptimizationType::Parallelization,
                expected_improvement: 0.3,
                implementation_complexity: ComplexityLevel::Low,
                description: "Increase gate-level parallelism".to_string(),
                impact_areas: vec!["execution_time".to_string()],
            });
        }

        Ok(suggestions)
    }

    /// Default hardware requirements for simplified analysis
    fn default_hardware_requirements(&self) -> HardwareRequirements {
        HardwareRequirements {
            min_physical_qubits: 0,
            connectivity_requirements: ConnectivityRequirement::Linear,
            fidelity_requirements: HashMap::new(),
            coherence_requirements: CoherenceRequirement {
                min_t1: Duration::from_micros(100),
                min_t2: Duration::from_micros(50),
                gate_to_coherence_ratio: 0.01,
            },
            platform_recommendations: Vec::new(),
            error_correction_overhead: ErrorCorrectionOverhead {
                physical_to_logical_ratio: 1.0,
                gate_overhead_factor: 1.0,
                time_overhead_factor: 1.0,
                recommended_code: "None".to_string(),
                threshold_error_rate: 1.0,
            },
        }
    }

    /// Default scalability analysis for simplified analysis
    fn default_scalability_analysis(&self) -> ScalabilityAnalysis {
        ScalabilityAnalysis {
            scalability_score: 0.5,
            bottlenecks: Vec::new(),
            scaling_predictions: HashMap::new(),
            resource_limits: ResourceLimits {
                max_current_technology: 50,
                max_near_term: 100,
                max_theoretical: None,
                limiting_factors: Vec::new(),
            },
        }
    }
}

/// Quick resource estimation with default options
pub fn estimate_circuit_resources<const N: usize>(
    circuit: &Circuit<N>,
) -> QuantRS2Result<ResourceEstimate> {
    let mut estimator = ResourceEstimator::new(ResourceEstimatorConfig::default());
    estimator.estimate_resources(circuit)
}

/// Resource estimation with custom configuration
pub fn estimate_circuit_resources_with_config<const N: usize>(
    circuit: &Circuit<N>,
    config: ResourceEstimatorConfig,
) -> QuantRS2Result<ResourceEstimate> {
    let mut estimator = ResourceEstimator::new(config);
    estimator.estimate_resources(circuit)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use quantrs2_core::gate::multi::CNOT;
    use quantrs2_core::gate::single::Hadamard;

    #[test]
    fn test_basic_resource_estimation() {
        let mut circuit = Circuit::<3>::new();
        circuit
            .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(0) })
            .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate to qubit 0");
        circuit
            .add_gate(CNOT {
                control: QubitId(0),
                target: QubitId(1),
            })
            .expect("Failed to add CNOT gate");
        circuit
            .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(2) })
            .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate to qubit 2");

        let estimate =
            estimate_circuit_resources(&circuit).expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");

        assert_eq!(estimate.circuit_metrics.total_gates, 3);
        assert_eq!(estimate.circuit_metrics.qubit_count, 3);
        assert!(estimate.circuit_metrics.single_qubit_gates > 0);
        assert!(estimate.circuit_metrics.two_qubit_gates > 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_complexity_analysis() {
        let mut circuit = Circuit::<2>::new();
        circuit
            .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(0) })
            .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate");
        circuit
            .add_gate(CNOT {
                control: QubitId(0),
                target: QubitId(1),
            })
            .expect("Failed to add CNOT gate");

        let estimate =
            estimate_circuit_resources(&circuit).expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");

        // Should classify as constant time complexity for small circuits
        match estimate.complexity_analysis.time_complexity {
            ComplexityClass::Constant | ComplexityClass::Linear => {}
            _ => panic!("Unexpected time complexity for small circuit"),
        }

        // Space complexity should be exponential for classical simulation
        match estimate.complexity_analysis.space_complexity {
            ComplexityClass::Exponential => {}
            _ => panic!("Expected exponential space complexity"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_memory_estimation() {
        let mut circuit = Circuit::<4>::new();
        for i in 0..4 {
            circuit
                .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(i) })
                .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate");
        }

        let estimate =
            estimate_circuit_resources(&circuit).expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");

        // 4 qubits should require 2^4 * 16 = 256 bytes for state vector
        assert_eq!(estimate.memory_requirements.state_vector_memory, 256);
        assert!(estimate.memory_requirements.total_classical_memory > 256);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_execution_time_estimation() {
        let mut circuit = Circuit::<2>::new();
        circuit
            .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(0) })
            .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate");
        circuit
            .add_gate(CNOT {
                control: QubitId(0),
                target: QubitId(1),
            })
            .expect("Failed to add CNOT gate");

        let estimate =
            estimate_circuit_resources(&circuit).expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");

        assert!(estimate.execution_time.estimated_time > Duration::from_nanos(0));
        assert!(!estimate.execution_time.gate_time_breakdown.is_empty());
        assert!(estimate.execution_time.parallelization_factor > 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_hardware_requirements() {
        let mut circuit = Circuit::<10>::new();
        for i in 0..9 {
            circuit
                .add_gate(CNOT {
                    control: QubitId(i),
                    target: QubitId(i + 1),
                })
                .expect("Failed to add CNOT gate");
        }

        let estimate =
            estimate_circuit_resources(&circuit).expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");

        assert!(estimate.hardware_requirements.min_physical_qubits >= 10);
        assert!(!estimate
            .hardware_requirements
            .platform_recommendations
            .is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_optimization_suggestions() {
        let mut circuit = Circuit::<5>::new();
        // Create a circuit with just enough gates to trigger optimization suggestions (>100)
        // Use 105 gates instead of 200 to avoid slow graph analysis with O(n^2) complexity
        for _ in 0..105 {
            circuit
                .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(0) })
                .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate");
        }

        // Use lightweight config without expensive graph analysis
        let config = ResourceEstimatorConfig {
            enable_graph_analysis: false, // Skip O(n^2) graph analysis
            enable_hardware_analysis: false,
            enable_scalability_analysis: false,
            include_optimizations: true, // This is what we're testing
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let estimate = estimate_circuit_resources_with_config(&circuit, config)
            .expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");

        assert!(!estimate.optimization_suggestions.is_empty());

        let has_gate_reduction = estimate
            .optimization_suggestions
            .iter()
            .any(|s| matches!(s.suggestion_type, OptimizationType::GateCountReduction));
        assert!(has_gate_reduction);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_configuration() {
        let config = ResourceEstimatorConfig {
            analysis_depth: AnalysisDepth::Comprehensive,
            enable_scalability_analysis: true,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let mut circuit = Circuit::<3>::new();
        circuit
            .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(0) })
            .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate");

        let estimate = estimate_circuit_resources_with_config(&circuit, config)
            .expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources with config");

        assert!(estimate.scalability_analysis.scalability_score >= 0.0);
        assert!(estimate.scalability_analysis.scalability_score <= 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_algorithm_classification() {
        // Test QFT-like circuit (many H gates)
        let mut qft_circuit = Circuit::<4>::new();
        for i in 0..4 {
            qft_circuit
                .add_gate(Hadamard { target: QubitId(i) })
                .expect("Failed to add Hadamard gate");
        }

        let estimate =
            estimate_circuit_resources(&qft_circuit).expect("Failed to estimate circuit resources");
        match estimate.complexity_analysis.algorithm_classification {
            AlgorithmClass::QftBased | AlgorithmClass::General => {}
            _ => panic!("Unexpected algorithm classification"),
        }
    }
}