use std::{
    cmp,
    collections::HashMap,
    env,
    fmt::Write,
    fs::File,
    io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read},
    iter::FromIterator,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
    str::FromStr,
    string::ToString,
};

use crate::{ExactVersion, RequestedVersion};

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum Action {
    Help(String, PathBuf),
    List(String),
    Execute {
        launcher_path: PathBuf,
        executable: PathBuf,
        args: Vec<String>,
    },
}

impl Action {
    pub fn from_main(argv: &[String]) -> crate::Result<Self> {
        let mut args = argv.to_owned();
        let mut requested_version = RequestedVersion::Any;
        let launcher_path = PathBuf::from(args.remove(0)); // Strip the path to this executable.

        if !args.is_empty() {
            let flag = &args[0];

            if flag == "-h" || flag == "--help" {
                if let Some(executable_path) = crate::find_executable(RequestedVersion::Any) {
                    return Ok(Action::Help(
                        help_message(&launcher_path, &executable_path),
                        executable_path,
                    ));
                } else {
                    return Err(crate::Error::NoExecutableFound(RequestedVersion::Any));
                }
            } else if flag == "--list" {
                let executables = crate::all_executables();
                return Ok(Action::List(list_executables(&executables)?));
            } else if let Some(version) = version_from_flag(&flag) {
                args.remove(0);
                requested_version = version;
            }
        }

        Ok(Action::Execute {
            launcher_path,
            executable: find_executable(requested_version, &args)?,
            args,
        })
    }
}

fn help_message(launcher_path: &Path, executable_path: &Path) -> String {
    let mut message = String::new();
    writeln!(
        message,
        include_str!("HELP.txt"),
        env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
        launcher_path.to_string_lossy(),
        executable_path.to_string_lossy()
    )
    .unwrap();
    message
}

/// Attempts to find a version specifier from a CLI argument.
///
/// It is assumed that the flag from the command-line is passed as-is
/// (i.e. the flag starts with `-`).
fn version_from_flag(arg: &str) -> Option<RequestedVersion> {
    if !arg.starts_with('-') {
        None
    } else {
        RequestedVersion::from_str(&arg[1..]).ok()
    }
}

fn list_executables(executables: &HashMap<ExactVersion, PathBuf>) -> crate::Result<String> {
    if executables.is_empty() {
        return Err(crate::Error::NoExecutableFound(RequestedVersion::Any));
    }

    let mut executable_pairs = Vec::from_iter(executables);
    executable_pairs.sort_unstable();

    let max_version_length = executable_pairs.iter().fold(0, |max_so_far, pair| {
        cmp::max(max_so_far, pair.0.to_string().len())
    });

    let left_column_width = cmp::max(max_version_length, "Version".len());
    let mut help_string = String::new();
    // Including two spaces between columns for readability.
    writeln!(help_string, "{:<1$}  Path", "Version", left_column_width).unwrap();
    writeln!(help_string, "{:<1$}  ====", "=======", left_column_width).unwrap();

    for (version, path) in executable_pairs {
        writeln!(
            help_string,
            "{:<2$}  {}",
            version.to_string(),
            path.to_string_lossy(),
            left_column_width
        )
        .unwrap();
    }

    Ok(help_string)
}

// XXX Expose publicly?
/// Returns the path to the activated virtual environment's executable.
///
/// A virtual environment is determined to be activated based on the existence of the `VIRTUAL_ENV`
/// environment variable.
fn venv_executable(venv_root: &str) -> PathBuf {
    let mut path = PathBuf::new();
    path.push(venv_root);
    path.push("bin");
    path.push("python");
    // XXX: Do a is_file() check first?
    path
}

// XXX Expose publicly?
// https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)
fn parse_python_shebang(reader: &mut impl Read) -> Option<RequestedVersion> {
    let mut shebang_buffer = [0; 2];
    if reader.read(&mut shebang_buffer).is_err() || shebang_buffer != [0x23, 0x21] {
        // Doesn't start w/ `#!` in ASCII/UTF-8.
        return None;
    }

    let mut buffered_reader = BufReader::new(reader);
    let mut first_line = String::new();

    if buffered_reader.read_line(&mut first_line).is_err() {
        return None;
    };

    // Whitespace between `#!` and the path is allowed.
    let line = first_line.trim();

    let accepted_paths = [
        "python",
        "/usr/bin/python",
        "/usr/local/bin/python",
        "/usr/bin/env python",
    ];

    for acceptable_path in &accepted_paths {
        if !line.starts_with(acceptable_path) {
            continue;
        }

        let version = line[acceptable_path.len()..].to_string();
        return RequestedVersion::from_str(&version).ok();
    }

    None
}

// XXX Expose publicly?
fn find_executable(version: RequestedVersion, args: &[String]) -> crate::Result<PathBuf> {
    let mut requested_version = version;
    let mut chosen_path: Option<PathBuf> = None;

    if requested_version == RequestedVersion::Any {
        if let Some(venv_root) = env::var_os("VIRTUAL_ENV") {
            chosen_path = Some(venv_executable(&venv_root.to_string_lossy()));
        } else if !args.is_empty() {
            // Using the first argument because it's the simplest and sanest.
            // We can't use the last argument because that could actually be an argument to the
            // Python module being executed. This is the same reason we can't go searching for
            // the first/last file path that we find. The only safe way to get the file path
            // regardless of its position is to replicate Python's arg parsing and that's a
            // **lot** of work for little gain. Hence we only care about the first argument.
            if let Ok(mut open_file) = File::open(&args[0]) {
                if let Some(shebang_version) = parse_python_shebang(&mut open_file) {
                    requested_version = shebang_version;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if chosen_path.is_none() {
        if let Some(env_var) = requested_version.env_var() {
            if let Ok(env_var_value) = env::var(env_var) {
                if !env_var_value.is_empty() {
                    if let Ok(env_requested_version) = RequestedVersion::from_str(&env_var_value) {
                        requested_version = env_requested_version;
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        if let Some(executable_path) = crate::find_executable(requested_version) {
            chosen_path = Some(executable_path);
        }
    }

    chosen_path.ok_or(crate::Error::NoExecutableFound(requested_version))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use test_case::test_case;

    use super::*;

    #[test_case("-S" => None ; "unrecognized short flag is None")]
    #[test_case("--something" => None ; "unrecognized long flag is None")]
    #[test_case("-3" => Some(RequestedVersion::MajorOnly(3)) ; "major version")]
    #[test_case("-3.6" => Some(RequestedVersion::Exact(3, 6)) ; "Exact/major.minor")]
    #[test_case("-42.13" => Some(RequestedVersion::Exact(42, 13)) ; "double-digit major & minor versions")]
    #[test_case("-3.6.4" => None ; "version flag with micro version is None")]
    fn version_from_flag_tests(flag: &str) -> Option<RequestedVersion> {
        version_from_flag(flag)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_help_message() {
        let launcher_path = "/some/path/to/launcher";
        let python_path = "/a/path/to/python";

        let help = help_message(&PathBuf::from(launcher_path), &PathBuf::from(python_path));
        assert!(help.contains(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")));
        assert!(help.contains(launcher_path));
        assert!(help.contains(python_path));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_list_executables() {
        let mut executables: HashMap<ExactVersion, PathBuf> = HashMap::new();

        assert_eq!(
            list_executables(&executables),
            Err(crate::Error::NoExecutableFound(RequestedVersion::Any))
        );

        let python27_path = "/path/to/2/7/python";
        executables.insert(
            ExactVersion { major: 2, minor: 7 },
            PathBuf::from(python27_path),
        );
        let python36_path = "/path/to/3/6/python";
        executables.insert(
            ExactVersion { major: 3, minor: 6 },
            PathBuf::from(python36_path),
        );
        let python37_path = "/path/to/3/7/python";
        executables.insert(
            ExactVersion { major: 3, minor: 7 },
            PathBuf::from(python37_path),
        );

        // Tests try not to make any guarantees about explicit formatting, just
        // that the interpreters are in descending order of version and the
        // interpreter version comes before the path (i.e. in column order).
        let executables_list = list_executables(&executables).unwrap();
        // No critical data is missing.
        assert!(executables_list.contains("2.7"));
        assert!(executables_list.contains(python27_path));
        assert!(executables_list.contains("3.6"));
        assert!(executables_list.contains(python36_path));
        assert!(executables_list.contains("3.7"));
        assert!(executables_list.contains(python37_path));

        // Interpreters listed in the expected order.
        assert!(executables_list.find("2.7").unwrap() < executables_list.find("3.6").unwrap());
        assert!(executables_list.find("3.6").unwrap() < executables_list.find("3.7").unwrap());

        // Columns are in the expected order.
        assert!(
            executables_list.find("3.6").unwrap() < executables_list.find(python36_path).unwrap()
        );
        assert!(
            executables_list.find(python36_path).unwrap() < executables_list.find("3.7").unwrap()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_venv_executable() {
        let venv_root = "/path/to/venv";
        assert_eq!(
            venv_executable(&venv_root),
            PathBuf::from("/path/to/venv/bin/python")
        );
    }

    #[test_case("/usr/bin/python" => None ; "missing shebang comment")]
    #[test_case("# /usr/bin/python" => None ; "missing exclamation point")]
    #[test_case("! /usr/bin/python" => None ; "missing octothorpe")]
    #[test_case("#! /usr/bin/env python" => Some(RequestedVersion::Any) ; "typical 'env python'")]
    #[test_case("#! /usr/bin/python" => Some(RequestedVersion::Any) ; "typical 'python'")]
    #[test_case("#! /usr/local/bin/python" => Some(RequestedVersion::Any) ; "/usr/local")]
    #[test_case("#! python" => Some(RequestedVersion::Any) ; "bare 'python'")]
    #[test_case("#! /usr/bin/env python3.7" => Some(RequestedVersion::Exact(3, 7)) ; "typical 'env python' with minor version")]
    #[test_case("#! /usr/bin/python3.7" => Some(RequestedVersion::Exact(3, 7)) ; "typical 'python' with minor version")]
    #[test_case("#! python3.7" => Some(RequestedVersion::Exact(3, 7)) ; "bare 'python' with minor version")]
    #[test_case("#!/usr/bin/python" => Some(RequestedVersion::Any) ; "no space between shebang and path")]
    fn parse_python_shebang_tests(shebang: &str) -> Option<RequestedVersion> {
        parse_python_shebang(&mut shebang.as_bytes())
    }
}