Crate construct [−] [src]
A library for higher order functional programming with homotopy maps to construct 3D geometry.
What is a homotopy map?
A homotopy is a continuous
deformation between two functions.
Think about combining two functions f
and g
with a parameter in the range
between 0 and 1 such that setting the parameter to 0 gives you f
and
setting it to 1 gives you g
.
With other words, it lets you interpolate smoothly between functions.
This library uses a simplified homotopy version designed for constructing 3D geometry:
/// A function of type `1d -> 3d`. pub type Fn1<T> = Arc<Fn(T) -> [T; 3] + Sync + Send>; /// A function of type `2d -> 3d`. pub type Fn2<T> = Arc<Fn([T; 2]) -> [T; 3] + Sync + Send>; /// A function of type `3d -> 3d`. pub type Fn3<T> = Arc<Fn([T; 3]) -> [T; 3] + Sync + Send>;
In this library, these functions are called homotopy maps and usually satisfies these properties:
- All inputs are assumed to be normalized, starting at 0 and ending at 1.
This means that
Fn1
forms a curved line,Fn2
forms a curved quad, andFn3
forms a curved cube. - The
Arc
smart pointer makes it possible to clone closures. - The
Sync
andSend
constraints makes it easier to program with multiple threads. - Basic geometric shapes are continuous within the range from 0 to 1.
A curved cube does not mean it need to look like a cube. Actually, you can create a variety of shapes that do not look like cubes at all, e.g. a sphere. What is meant by a "curved cube" is that there are 3 parameters between 0 and 1 controlling the generation of points. If you used an identity map, you would get a cube shape. The transformation to other shapes is the reason it is called a "curved cube".
Motivation
Constructing 3D geometry is an iterative process where the final design/need can be quite different from the first draft. In game engines there are additional needs like generating multiple models of various detail or adjusting models depending on the capacity of the target platform. This makes it desirable to have some tools where one can work with an idea without getting slowed down by a lot of technical details.
Homotopy maps have the property that the geometry can be constructed by need, without any additional instructions. This makes it a suitable candidate for combining them with higher order functional programming. Functions give an accurate representation while at the same time being lazy, such that one can e.g. intersect a curved cube to get a curved quad.
This library is an experiment to see how homotopy maps and higher order functional programming can be used to iterate on design. Function names are very short to provide good ergonomics.
Reexports
pub use vecmath::traits::*; |
Functions
add2 |
Adds two vectors. |
add3 |
Adds two vectors. |
cast2 |
Converts to another vector type. |
cast3 |
Converts to another vector type. |
cbez |
Cubic bezier curve. |
circle |
Creates a circle located at a center and with a radius. |
con |
Concatenates two |
contour |
Gets the contour line of a curved quad. |
conx2 |
Concatenates two |
conx3 |
Concatenates two |
cony2 |
Concatenates two |
cony3 |
Concates two |
conz3 |
Concates two |
cquad |
Constructs a curved quad by smoothing between boundary functions. |
ext1 |
Extends a 1d shape into 2d by adding a vector to the result generated by a 1d shape. |
ext2 |
Extends a 2d shape into 3d by adding a vector to the result generated by a 1d shape. |
len2 |
Computes the length of vector. |
len3 |
Computes the length of vector. |
lin |
Returns a linear function. |
lin2 |
Creates a linear interpolation between two functions. |
margin1 |
Adds a margin to input of a |
margin2 |
Adds a margin to input of a |
margin3 |
Adds a margin to input of a |
mirx2 |
Bake mirror |
mirx3 |
Bake mirror |
miry2 |
Bake mirror |
miry3 |
Bake mirror |
mirz3 |
Bake mirror |
mx |
Mirror shape |
my |
Mirror shape |
mz |
Mirror shape |
off |
Offsets |
qbez |
Quadratic bezier curve. |
rev |
Reverses input direction. |
scale2 |
Multiplies the vector with a scalar. |
scale3 |
Multiplies the vector with a scalar. |
seg1 |
Uses a range to pick a segment of a curve. |
sphere |
Creates a sphere located at a center and with a radius. |
sub2 |
Subtracts 'b' from 'a'. |
sub3 |
Subtracts 'b' from 'a'. |
x2 |
Intersects a curved quad at x-line. |
x3 |
Intersects a curved cube at x-plane. |
y2 |
Intersects a curved quad at y-line. |
y3 |
Intersects a curved cube at y-plane. |
z3 |
Intersects a curved cube at z-plane. |
Type Definitions
Fn1 |
A function of type |
Fn2 |
A function of type |
Fn3 |
A function of type |