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perpl_sdk/testing/
mod.rs

1//! Local Anvil-based testing environment.
2//!
3//! [`TestExchange`] spins up Anvil instance with collateral token and exchange
4//! smart contracts deployed and provides convenience methods for perpetual
5//! contracts setup and account creation.
6//!
7//! [`TestPerp`] then can be used to configure perpetual contracts and post
8//! orders, while [`TestAccount`] provides basic information about exchange
9//! account.
10//!
11//! [`Indexer`] wraps snapshot creation and event processing, while providing
12//! convenience methods for synchronization in tests.
13mod account;
14mod indexer;
15mod perp;
16
17use std::{
18    str::FromStr,
19    sync::{
20        Arc,
21        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
22    },
23    time::Duration,
24};
25
26pub use account::*;
27use alloy::{
28    hex::ToHexExt,
29    network::TransactionBuilder,
30    node_bindings::{Anvil, AnvilInstance},
31    primitives::{Address, Bytes, U256, address, hex},
32    providers::{DynProvider, Provider, ProviderBuilder, ext::AnvilApi},
33    rpc::{client::RpcClient, types::TransactionRequest},
34};
35use dashmap::{DashMap, DashSet};
36use fastnum::{UD64, udec64};
37pub use indexer::*;
38pub use perp::*;
39
40use crate::{
41    Chain,
42    abi::{dex::Exchange, erc1967_proxy::ERC1967Proxy, testing::TestToken},
43    error::DexError,
44    num, state, types,
45};
46
47const CHAIN_ID: u64 = 1337;
48const BLOCK_TIME_SEC: f64 = 0.4;
49const POLL_INTERVAL_MS: u64 = 50;
50
51const USD_DECIMALS: u8 = 6;
52
53/// Creation bytecode of the previous exchange implementation
54/// (`rc_v1.1.7-99-g3afdb99`, contract generation v1.1.7.3b), deployed by
55/// [`TestExchange::new_at_previous_version`].
56///
57/// Only the bytecode is kept: every function the pre-upgrade path calls has an
58/// unchanged signature, so the current bindings drive it, and the current
59/// `ExchangeEvents` still decodes its events - the V1 event signatures are
60/// retained in the ABI for exactly this reason.
61const PREVIOUS_IMPLEMENTATION: &str =
62    include_str!("../../abi/dex/legacy/Exchange.v1.1.7.3.bin");
63
64#[derive(Debug)]
65pub struct TestExchange {
66    pub chain_id: u64,
67    pub rpc_url: String,
68    pub provider: DynProvider,
69    pub exchange: Exchange::ExchangeInstance<DynProvider>,
70    pub token: TestToken::TestTokenInstance<DynProvider>,
71    pub owner: Address,
72    pub owner_pk: String,
73    pub admin: Address,
74    pub admin_pk: String,
75    pub price_admin: Address,
76    pub price_admin_pk: String,
77    pub collateral_converter: num::Converter,
78    perpetual_ids: Arc<DashSet<types::PerpetualId>>,
79    account_address: Arc<DashMap<types::AccountId, Address>>,
80    // True while the deployed generation predates v1.1.7.4 (set by
81    // `new_at_previous_version`, cleared by `upgrade`). That generation's
82    // `addContract` carries two extra genesis-fee args, so `perp` must reach it
83    // through the legacy interface; a v1.1.7.4 deployment uses the current one.
84    legacy: AtomicBool,
85    anvil: AnvilInstance,
86}
87
88impl TestExchange {
89    /// Spins up the environment running the exchange implementation the SDK
90    /// targets ([`state::Exchange::revision`]).
91    pub async fn new() -> Self { Self::deploy(None).await }
92
93    /// Spins up the environment running the *previous* contract generation
94    /// (v1.1.7.3b: V2 information getters, but no version getter, keyed fee
95    /// schedules, builder attribution or existence bitmap) - the generation
96    /// deployed on mainnet before the v1.1.7.4 upgrade.
97    ///
98    /// Use with [`Self::upgrade`] to exercise the SDK across the upgrade
99    /// itself.
100    pub async fn new_at_previous_version() -> Self {
101        Self::deploy(Some(PREVIOUS_IMPLEMENTATION)).await
102    }
103
104    /// Upgrades the proxy to the implementation the SDK targets, seeding the
105    /// exchange-wide fee schedules and repointing every listed perpetual
106    /// contract at the default one.
107    ///
108    /// Runs `initializeV3` in the upgrade transaction, exactly as the real
109    /// upgrade does, so the log sequence a live indexer observes is the real
110    /// one.
111    pub async fn upgrade(
112        &self,
113        taker_fees: [UD64; state::FEE_TIERS],
114        maker_fees: [UD64; state::FEE_TIERS],
115    ) {
116        let implementation = Exchange::deploy(self.provider.clone())
117            .await
118            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
119            .unwrap();
120        let fee_converter = num::fee_converter();
121        let initialize = self
122            .exchange
123            .initializeV3(
124                taker_fees.map(|fee| fee_converter.to_unsigned(fee)),
125                maker_fees.map(|fee| fee_converter.to_unsigned(fee)),
126                // RWA schedule left blank, as in the real upgrade configuration
127                [U256::ZERO; state::FEE_TIERS],
128                [U256::ZERO; state::FEE_TIERS],
129                // Must list every live perpetual: `initializeV3` rejects an
130                // incomplete list rather than leave one on a stale fee key
131                self.perpetual_ids.iter().map(|p| U256::from(*p)).collect(),
132            )
133            .calldata()
134            .clone();
135        self.exchange
136            .upgradeToAndCall(*implementation.address(), initialize)
137            .gas(30_000_000)
138            .send()
139            .await
140            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
141            .unwrap()
142            .get_receipt()
143            .await
144            .unwrap();
145        // The proxy now runs the v1.1.7.4 implementation, whose `addContract`
146        // dropped the two genesis-fee args, so subsequent listings use it.
147        self.legacy.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
148    }
149
150    async fn deploy(implementation: Option<&str>) -> Self {
151        let anvil = Anvil::new()
152            .block_time_f64(BLOCK_TIME_SEC)
153            .chain_id(CHAIN_ID)
154            .args(vec!["--code-size-limit", "131072"])
155            .args(vec!["--gas-limit", "200000000"])
156            .args(vec!["--base-fee", "100000000000"])
157            .args(vec!["--order", "fifo"])
158            .args(vec!["--max-persisted-states", "1000"])
159            .args(vec!["--slots-in-an-epoch", "0"])
160            .try_spawn()
161            .unwrap();
162        let client = RpcClient::builder().http(anvil.endpoint_url());
163        client.set_poll_interval(Duration::from_millis(POLL_INTERVAL_MS));
164        let provider = DynProvider::new(
165            ProviderBuilder::new()
166                .wallet(anvil.wallet().unwrap())
167                .connect_client(client),
168        );
169        // Deploy multicall3 contract (see https://github.com/mds1/multicall3?tab=readme-ov-file#new-deployments)
170        provider
171            .anvil_set_balance(
172                address!("0x05f32b3cc3888453ff71b01135b34ff8e41263f2"),
173                U256::from(1e18 as u64),
174            )
175            .await
176            .unwrap();
177        _ = provider.send_raw_transaction(&hex!("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178
179        let (owner, admin, price_admin) =
180            (anvil.addresses()[0], anvil.addresses()[1], anvil.addresses()[2]);
181
182        // Test USD
183        let token = TestToken::deploy(
184            provider.clone(),
185            "Test USD".to_string(),
186            "USD".to_string(),
187            USD_DECIMALS,
188        )
189        .await
190        .unwrap();
191
192        // Some allocation to owner for the faucet
193        token
194            .mint(owner, usd(1_000_000_000))
195            .send()
196            .await
197            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
198            .unwrap()
199            .get_receipt()
200            .await
201            .unwrap();
202
203        // Exchange implementation and upgradeable proxy. `initialize` is
204        // unchanged across the generations, so its calldata can be built from the
205        // current bindings whichever implementation is deployed.
206        let exchange_impl = match implementation {
207            None => *Exchange::deploy(provider.clone())
208                .await
209                .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
210                .unwrap()
211                .address(),
212            Some(bytecode) => deploy_bytecode(&provider, bytecode).await,
213        };
214        let init_calldata = Exchange::new(exchange_impl, provider.clone())
215            .initialize(*token.address())
216            .calldata()
217            .clone();
218        let proxy = ERC1967Proxy::deploy(provider.clone(), exchange_impl, init_calldata)
219            .await
220            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
221            .unwrap();
222        let exchange = Exchange::new(*proxy.address(), provider.clone());
223
224        // Disable account whitelisting
225        exchange
226            .setWhitelistingEnabled(false)
227            .send()
228            .await
229            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
230            .unwrap()
231            .get_receipt()
232            .await
233            .unwrap();
234
235        // Setup roles
236        exchange
237            .setAdministrator(admin, true)
238            .send()
239            .await
240            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
241            .unwrap()
242            .get_receipt()
243            .await
244            .unwrap();
245        exchange
246            .setPriceAdministrator(price_admin, true)
247            .send()
248            .await
249            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
250            .unwrap()
251            .get_receipt()
252            .await
253            .unwrap();
254
255        Self {
256            chain_id: anvil.chain_id(),
257            rpc_url: anvil.endpoint_url().to_string(),
258            provider,
259            exchange,
260            token,
261            owner,
262            owner_pk: anvil.nth_key(0).unwrap().to_bytes().encode_hex(),
263            admin,
264            admin_pk: anvil.nth_key(1).unwrap().to_bytes().encode_hex(),
265            price_admin,
266            price_admin_pk: anvil.nth_key(2).unwrap().to_bytes().encode_hex(),
267            collateral_converter: num::Converter::new(USD_DECIMALS),
268            perpetual_ids: Arc::new(DashSet::new()),
269            account_address: Arc::new(DashMap::new()),
270            // A specific implementation is only ever requested by
271            // `new_at_previous_version`, so this marks the pre-upgrade generation.
272            legacy: AtomicBool::new(implementation.is_some()),
273            anvil,
274        }
275    }
276
277    pub fn chain(&self) -> Chain {
278        Chain::custom(
279            self.chain_id,
280            *self.token.address(),
281            0,
282            *self.exchange.address(),
283            self.perpetual_ids.iter().map(|p| *p).collect(),
284        )
285    }
286
287    /// Same chain with no perpetual contracts configured, so clients discover
288    /// every listed contract on-chain instead.
289    pub fn chain_with_perpetual_discovery(&self) -> Chain { self.chain().with_perpetuals(vec![]) }
290
291    pub async fn account(&self, idx: usize, usd_balance: u64) -> TestAccount<'_> {
292        let address = self.anvil.addresses()[idx + 3]; // skipping owner, admin and price admin
293        let target_balance = usd(usd_balance);
294        let cur_balance = self.token.balanceOf(address).call().await.unwrap();
295        if target_balance > cur_balance {
296            self.token
297                .mint(address, target_balance - cur_balance)
298                .send()
299                .await
300                .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
301                .unwrap()
302                .get_receipt()
303                .await
304                .unwrap();
305        }
306        self.token
307            .approve(*self.exchange.address(), target_balance)
308            .from(address)
309            .send()
310            .await
311            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
312            .unwrap()
313            .get_receipt()
314            .await
315            .unwrap();
316        let receipt = self
317            .exchange
318            .createAccount(target_balance)
319            .from(address)
320            .send()
321            .await
322            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
323            .unwrap()
324            .get_receipt()
325            .await
326            .unwrap();
327        let log = receipt.decoded_log::<Exchange::AccountCreated>().unwrap();
328        self.account_address.insert(log.id.to(), log.account);
329        TestAccount { id: log.id.to(), address: log.account, exchange: self }
330    }
331
332    /// Sets the exchange-wide default fee schedule, eight `(taker, maker)`
333    /// rates indexed by an account's fee tier. Every perpetual contract
334    /// that has not been repointed resolves its fees from this schedule.
335    pub async fn set_fee_schedule(
336        &self,
337        taker_fees: [UD64; state::FEE_TIERS],
338        maker_fees: [UD64; state::FEE_TIERS],
339    ) {
340        let fee_converter = num::fee_converter();
341        self.exchange
342            .setDefaultPerpFeeSchedValues(
343                taker_fees.map(|fee| fee_converter.to_unsigned(fee)),
344                maker_fees.map(|fee| fee_converter.to_unsigned(fee)),
345            )
346            .send()
347            .await
348            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
349            .unwrap()
350            .get_receipt()
351            .await
352            .unwrap();
353    }
354
355    /// Sets the exchange-wide RWA default fee schedule, see
356    /// [`Self::set_fee_schedule`].
357    pub async fn set_rwa_fee_schedule(
358        &self,
359        taker_fees: [UD64; state::FEE_TIERS],
360        maker_fees: [UD64; state::FEE_TIERS],
361    ) {
362        let fee_converter = num::fee_converter();
363        self.exchange
364            .setDefaultRwaFeeSchedValues(
365                taker_fees.map(|fee| fee_converter.to_unsigned(fee)),
366                maker_fees.map(|fee| fee_converter.to_unsigned(fee)),
367            )
368            .send()
369            .await
370            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
371            .unwrap()
372            .get_receipt()
373            .await
374            .unwrap();
375    }
376
377    /// Assigns fee tiers to accounts, indexing the fee schedule of every
378    /// perpetual contract they trade.
379    pub async fn set_account_fee_tiers(&self, tiers: Vec<(types::AccountId, types::FeeTier)>) {
380        self.exchange
381            .setAccountFeeTiers(
382                tiers
383                    .into_iter()
384                    .map(|(account_id, tier)| Exchange::AccountFeeTier {
385                        accountId: U256::from(account_id),
386                        tier: U256::from(tier),
387                    })
388                    .collect(),
389            )
390            .from(self.admin)
391            .send()
392            .await
393            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
394            .unwrap()
395            .get_receipt()
396            .await
397            .unwrap();
398    }
399
400    /// Adds a perpetual contract, placed on the exchange-wide default fee
401    /// schedule.
402    ///
403    /// Fees are not a listing parameter: the schedule is seeded once at
404    /// deployment, and `addContract` retains its fee arguments for ABI
405    /// stability while ignoring them (v1.1.7.4). Use
406    /// [`Self::set_fee_schedule`] to retune the shared schedule, or
407    /// [`TestPerp::set_fee_schedule`] to give this contract its own.
408    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
409    pub async fn perp(
410        &self,
411        name: &str,
412        perp_id: types::PerpetualId,
413        base_price: UD64,
414        price_decimals: u8,
415        size_decimals: u8,
416        initial_margin: UD64,
417        maintenance_margin: UD64,
418    ) -> TestPerp<'_> {
419        let price_converter = num::Converter::new(price_decimals);
420        let leverage_converter = num::Converter::new(2); // Margin and leverage are in 100th
421        if self.legacy.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
422            // The pre-v1.1.7.4 generation's `addContract` still carries the two
423            // genesis-fee args (dropped in v1.1.7.4); reach it through the legacy
424            // interface so the selector matches the deployed contract. Genesis
425            // fees are seeded to zero and set separately via
426            // `TestPerp::with_legacy_fees`.
427            crate::abi::dex_legacy::LegacyExchange::new(
428                *self.exchange.address(),
429                self.provider.clone(),
430            )
431            .addContract(
432                name.to_string(),
433                name.to_string(),
434                U256::from(perp_id),
435                price_converter.to_unsigned(base_price),
436                U256::from(price_decimals),
437                U256::from(size_decimals),
438                U256::ZERO,
439                U256::ZERO,
440                leverage_converter.to_unsigned(initial_margin),
441                leverage_converter.to_unsigned(maintenance_margin),
442            )
443            .send()
444            .await
445            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
446            .unwrap()
447            .get_receipt()
448            .await
449            .unwrap();
450        } else {
451            self.exchange
452                .addContract(
453                    name.to_string(),
454                    name.to_string(),
455                    U256::from(perp_id),
456                    price_converter.to_unsigned(base_price),
457                    U256::from(price_decimals),
458                    U256::from(size_decimals),
459                    leverage_converter.to_unsigned(initial_margin),
460                    leverage_converter.to_unsigned(maintenance_margin),
461                )
462                .send()
463                .await
464                .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
465                .unwrap()
466                .get_receipt()
467                .await
468                .unwrap();
469        }
470        // Ignore oracle to eliminate ChainLink dependency
471        self.exchange
472            .setIgnOracle(U256::from(perp_id), true)
473            .send()
474            .await
475            .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
476            .unwrap()
477            .get_receipt()
478            .await
479            .unwrap();
480        self.perpetual_ids.insert(perp_id);
481        TestPerp {
482            id: perp_id,
483            name: name.to_string(),
484            price_converter,
485            size_converter: num::Converter::new(size_decimals),
486            leverage_converter,
487            exchange: self,
488        }
489    }
490
491    pub async fn btc_perp(&self) -> TestPerp<'_> {
492        self.perp("BTC", 0x10, udec64!(5000), 1, 5, udec64!(10), udec64!(20))
493            .await
494            .with_mark_price(udec64!(100000))
495            .await
496            .unpause()
497            .await
498    }
499
500    pub async fn eth_perp(&self) -> TestPerp<'_> {
501        self.perp("ETH", 0x20, udec64!(1), 2, 3, udec64!(10), udec64!(20))
502            .await
503            .with_mark_price(udec64!(4000))
504            .await
505            .unpause()
506            .await
507    }
508
509    pub async fn sol_perp(&self) -> TestPerp<'_> {
510        self.perp("SOL", 0x30, udec64!(1), 2, 3, udec64!(10), udec64!(20))
511            .await
512            .with_mark_price(udec64!(200))
513            .await
514            .unpause()
515            .await
516    }
517
518    pub async fn trx_perp(&self) -> TestPerp<'_> {
519        self.perp("TRX", 0x40, udec64!(1), 5, 0, udec64!(10), udec64!(20))
520            .await
521            .with_mark_price(udec64!(0.3))
522            .await
523            .unpause()
524            .await
525    }
526}
527
528/// Deploys a contract from raw creation bytecode, for an implementation the SDK
529/// has no bindings for.
530async fn deploy_bytecode(provider: &DynProvider, bytecode: &str) -> Address {
531    let code = Bytes::from_str(bytecode.trim()).expect("implementation bytecode");
532    provider
533        .send_transaction(TransactionRequest::default().with_deploy_code(code))
534        .await
535        .map_err::<DexError, _>(|err| DexError::Provider(err.into()))
536        .unwrap()
537        .get_receipt()
538        .await
539        .unwrap()
540        .contract_address
541        .expect("implementation deployed")
542}
543
544pub fn scale(amount: u64, decimals: u8) -> U256 {
545    U256::from(amount) * U256::from(10).pow(U256::from(decimals))
546}
547
548pub fn usd(amount: u64) -> U256 { scale(amount, USD_DECIMALS) }