Crate pdg_rs 

pdg-rs

This crate enables programmatic access to the Particle Data Group’s database of particle physics measurements. This project is independently developed and not affiliated with the PDG. Please use the citation at the end of this README as you would if you were using the PDG website!

Installation

For programmatic usage inside another Rust crate

cargo add pdg-rs

For general CLI usage

cargo install pdg-rs

Usage

CLI

This crate provides a pdg binary for searching the PDG database. The first command that needs the default database downloads and verifies it in your OS-specific cache directory:

pdg show S008245
pdg show M036 --summary
pdg search particles K --limit 5
pdg search text "form factors"
pdg search particles --class lepton --limit 5
pdg search particles --decays-to K\(S\)0,K\(S\)0 --charge 0

pdg show accepts any PDG database string ID, including particle IDs like S008, data IDs like S008M, and text/section IDs like S008245. Monte Carlo particle IDs are exposed as mcid in the Rust API and can be used as a particle search filter with pdg search particles --mcid 211.

Use pdg db fetch, pdg db status, pdg db path, and pdg db clear to manage the cached database. Set PDG_RS_DB_PATH to open a specific SQLite database file, PDG_RS_CACHE_DIR to choose a cache directory, or pass --offline to require an existing cached database.

Get information about a specific particle:

use pdg_rs::{Pdg, PdgResult};

fn main() -> PdgResult<()> {
    let pdg = Pdg::open()?;
    let pi_plus = pdg.particle("pi+")?.unwrap();
    // alternatively `pdg.mcid(211)?.unwrap()`
    println!("{pi_plus}");
    let m_pi_plus = pi_plus.mass()?.unwrap();
    println!("{m_pi_plus}");
    Ok(())
}

// pi+ (S008, Meson, Particle, charge +1), MCID 211, I=1, G=-, J=0, P=-
// 139.57039+-0.00018 MeV

Most queries return Options because we can’t guarantee the search term will yield results (for instance, the “p-” doesn’t exist, so asking for it should return None). The PdgError type is mostly reserved for errors encountered while parsing data from the sqlite database. Particle information is either directly available (charge, quantum numbers) or queryable (mass, lifetime). Most of these methods will produce unique data types (like a Mass struct) which contain additional information:

use pdg_rs::{Pdg, PdgResult};

fn main() -> PdgResult<()> {
    let pdg = Pdg::open()?;
    let pi_plus = pdg.particle("pi+")?.unwrap();
    let m_pi_plus = pi_plus.mass()?.unwrap();

    let mass_texts = pdg.texts_for(&m_pi_plus.pdgid)?;
    for text in mass_texts {
        if let Some(text) = text.text {
            println!("{}", text);
        }
    }
    let mass_measurements = pdg.measurements_for(&m_pi_plus.pdgid)?;
    for measurement in mass_measurements {
        println!(
            "{:<20} {:<50}: {}",
            measurement.reference.document_id,
            measurement.reference.doi.unwrap_or_default(),
            measurement
                .values
                .iter()
                .map(|v| v.to_string())
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join(", ")
        );
    }
    Ok(())
}

This will output:

The most accurate charged pion mass measurements are based upon x-ray wavelength measurements for transitions in pi--mesonic atoms.  The observed line is the blend of three components, corresponding to different K-shell occupancies.  JECKELMANN 1994 revisits the occupancy question, with the conclusion that two sets of occupancy ratios, resulting in two different pion masses (Solutions A and B), are equally probable. We choose the higher Solution B since only this solution is consistent with a positive mass-squared for the muon neutrino, given the precise muon momentum measurements now available (DAUM 1991, ASSAMAGAN 1994, and ASSAMAGAN 1996) for the decay of pions at rest.  Earlier mass determinations with pi-mesonic atoms may have used incorrect K-shell screening corrections.      Measurements with an error of >0.005 MeV have been omitted from this Listing.
DAUM 2019            10.1016/j.physletb.2019.07.027                    : 139.57021 +-0.00014 MeV
TRASSINELLI 2016     10.1016/j.physletb.2016.06.025                    : 139.57077 +-0.00018 MeV
LENZ 1998            10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01337-3                     : 139.57071 +-0.00053 MeV
JECKELMANN 1994      10.1016/0370-2693(94)90358-1                      : 139.56995 +-0.00035 MeV
ASSAMAGAN 1996       10.1103/PhysRevD.53.6065                          : 139.57022 +-0.00014 MeV
JECKELMANN 1994      10.1016/0370-2693(94)90358-1                      : 139.56782 +-0.00037 MeV
DAUM 1991            10.1016/0370-2693(91)90078-5                      : 139.56996 +-0.00067 MeV
JECKELMANN 1986B     10.1016/0375-9474(86)90476-8                      : 139.56752 +-0.00037 MeV
ABELA 1984           10.1016/0370-2693(84)90155-2                      : 139.5704 +-0.0011 MeV
LU 1980              10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1066                       : 139.5664 +-0.0009 MeV
CARTER 1976          10.1103/PhysRevLett.37.1380                       : 139.5686 +-0.0020 MeV
MARUSHENKO 1976                                                        : 139.5660 +-0.0024 MeV

We are sometimes limited by the type schema defined by the PDG, but this is just a matter of safety. As you can see, the last reference here didn’t come with a DOI. However, switching doi for inspire_id does give us a result for every entry here. These measurement entries also include additional information like systematic uncertainties, event counts, and experimental details, all found in the PDG database.

Decays

Branching ratios/fractions are also available in the database, and pdg-rs provides an interface for exploring them:

use pdg_rs::{Pdg, PdgResult};

fn main() -> PdgResult<()> {
    let pdg = Pdg::open()?;
    let pi_plus = pdg.particle("pi+")?.unwrap();

    let decays = pi_plus.branching_fractions()?;
    for decay in decays {
        println!("{:<20} {}", decay.value.to_string(), decay.description)
    }
    Ok(())
}

99.98770+-0.00004%   pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu
(1.230+-0.004)E-4    pi+ --> e+ nu_e
(1.036+-0.006)E-8    pi+ --> e+ nu_e pi0
(3.2+-0.5)E-9        pi+ --> e+ nu_e e+ e-
<9E-6                pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu nu nubar
<1.6E-7              pi+ --> e+ nu_e nu nubar
<1.5E-3              pi+ --> mu+ nubar_e
<8.0E-3              pi+ --> mu+ nu_e
<1.6E-6              pi+ --> mu- e+ e+ nu

Of course, we might like to see how these measurements were obtained. Sometimes we may be able to find a raw branching fraction measurement, but more often these are associated to measurements of branching ratios. We can query branching ratios, but we can also find related data entries):

use pdg_rs::{Pdg, PdgResult};

fn main() -> PdgResult<()> {
    let pdg = Pdg::open()?;
    let pi_plus = pdg.particle("pi+")?.unwrap();

    let decays = pi_plus.branching_fractions()?;
    for decay in decays {
        println!("{:<20} {}", decay.value.to_string(), decay.description);
        for data in &decay.related_data {
            println!("    {:<20} {}", data.value.to_string(), data.description);
            for measurement in data.measurements()? {
                println!(
                    "        {:<25}  {}",
                    measurement.reference.document_id,
                    measurement
                        .reference
                        .doi
                        .clone()
                        .or(measurement.reference.inspire_id.clone())
                        .or(measurement.reference.title.clone())
                        .unwrap_or_default()
                );
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

99.98770+-0.00004%   pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu
    1.2327+-0.0023E-4    [G(pi+ --> e+ nu_e)+ G(pi+ --> e+ nu(e) gamma)]/[G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu)+ G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu gamma)]
        AGUILAR-AREVALO 2015       10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.071801
        CZAPEK 1993                10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.17
        BRITTON 1992               10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3000
        BRYMAN 1986                10.1103/PhysRevD.33.1211
        DICAPUA 1964               10.1103/PhysRev.133.B1333
        ANDERSON 1960              10.1103/PhysRev.119.2050
    3.2+-0.5E-9          G(pi+ --> e+ nu(e) e+ e-)/G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu)
        EGLI 1989                  10.1016/0370-2693(89)90358-4
        BARANOV 1992
        KORENCHENKO 1976B
        KORENCHENKO 1971
    <8.6E-6              G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu nu nubar)/G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu)
        AGUILAR-AREVALO 2020A      10.1103/PhysRevD.102.012001
(1.230+-0.004)E-4    pi+ --> e+ nu_e
    (123.0+-0.4)E-2E-4   G(pi+ --> e+ nu_e)/G(total)
    1.2327+-0.0023E-4    [G(pi+ --> e+ nu_e)+ G(pi+ --> e+ nu(e) gamma)]/[G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu)+ G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu gamma)]
        AGUILAR-AREVALO 2015       10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.071801
        CZAPEK 1993                10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.17
        BRITTON 1992               10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3000
        BRYMAN 1986                10.1103/PhysRevD.33.1211
        DICAPUA 1964               10.1103/PhysRev.133.B1333
        ANDERSON 1960              10.1103/PhysRev.119.2050
(1.036+-0.006)E-8    pi+ --> e+ nu_e pi0
    1.036+-0.006E-8      G(pi+ --> e+ nu(e) pi0)/G(total)
        POCANIC 2004               10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.181803
        MCFARLANE 1985             10.1103/PhysRevD.32.547
        DEPOMMIER 1968             10.1016/0550-3213(68)90305-2
        BACASTOW 1965              10.1103/PhysRev.139.B407
        BERTRAM 1965               10.1103/PhysRev.139.B617
        DUNAITSEV 1965
        BARTLETT 1964              10.1103/PhysRev.136.B1452
        DEPOMMIER 1963             10.1016/S0375-9601(63)80030-4
(3.2+-0.5)E-9        pi+ --> e+ nu_e e+ e-
    3.2+-0.5E-9          G(pi+ --> e+ nu(e) e+ e-)/G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu)
        EGLI 1989                  10.1016/0370-2693(89)90358-4
        BARANOV 1992
        KORENCHENKO 1976B
        KORENCHENKO 1971
<9E-6                pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu nu nubar
    <8.6E-6              G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu nu nubar)/G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_mu)
        AGUILAR-AREVALO 2020A      10.1103/PhysRevD.102.012001
<1.6E-7              pi+ --> e+ nu_e nu nubar
    <1.6E-7              G(pi+ --> e+ nu(e) nu nubar)/G(total)
        AGUILAR-AREVALO 2020A      10.1103/PhysRevD.102.012001
        PICCIOTTO 1988             10.1103/PhysRevD.37.1131
<1.5E-3              pi+ --> mu+ nubar_e
    <1.5E-3              G(pi+ --> mu+ nubar_e)/G(total)
        COOPER 1982                10.1016/0370-2693(82)90914-5
<8.0E-3              pi+ --> mu+ nu_e
    <8.0E-3              G(pi+ --> mu+ nu_e)/G(total)
        COOPER 1982                10.1016/0370-2693(82)90914-5
<1.6E-6              pi+ --> mu- e+ e+ nu
    <1.6E-6              G(pi+ --> mu- e+ e+ nu)/G(total)
        BARANOV 1991B
        KORENCHENKO 1987

Particle searches

It is often useful to search for all particles which satisfy some set of properties. This is currently sort of difficult to do with just the PDG website or other programmatic interfaces, but generally enough information exists in the database itself to allow for complex searches. For example, let’s search for all particles which may decay to $K_S^0K_S^0$. By default, searches are inclusive, so $K_S^0$ will be mapped to other entries like $K^0$ and $\bar{K}^0$, which is useful since these are often the states listed in the database. Of course, not everything that can decay to $K\bar{K}$ can also decay to $K_S^0K_S^0$, and the PDG sometimes includes forbidden decays simply because there are published results, so it’s often nice to narrow the search with additional information, such as $P$, $C$, and charge:

use pdg_rs::{Charge, Parity, ParticleSearchQuery, Pdg, PdgResult};

fn main() -> PdgResult<()> {
    let pdg = Pdg::open()?;
    let particles = pdg.search_particles(
        ParticleSearchQuery::default()
            .decays_to(["K(S)0", "K(S)0"])
            .charge(Charge::Neutral)
            .parity(Parity::Plus)
            .charge_conjugation(Parity::Plus),
    )?;
    for particle in particles {
        println!("{particle}");
    }
    Ok(())
}

f_0(980)0 (M003, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9010221, I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+
f_2(1270)0 (M005, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
a_2(1320)0 (M012, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 115, I=1, G=-, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2^'(1525)0 (M013, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 335, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_4(2050)0 (M016, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 229, I=0, G=+, J=4, P=+, C=+
a_4(1970)0 (M017, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 119, I=1, G=-, J=4, P=+, C=+
a_0(980)0 (M036, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9000111, I=1, G=-, J=0, P=+, C=+
f_4(2300)0 (M041, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9010229, I=0, G=+, J=4, P=+, C=+
f_2(2150)0 (M042, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9070225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
chi_c2(3930) (M050, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 100445, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
chi_c1(1P) (M055, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 20443, I=0, G=+, J=1, P=+, C=+
chi_c0(1P) (M056, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 10441, I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+
chi_c2(1P) (M057, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 445, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2(1430)0 (M066, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9000225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_0(1710)0 (M068, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 10331, I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+
f_J(2220)0 (M082, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9000229, I=0, G=+, J=2++ or 4, P=+, C=+
f_2(2010)0 (M106, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9060225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2(2300)0 (M107, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9080225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2(1640)0 (M117, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9020225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2(1565)0 (M123, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9010225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2(1950)0 (M135, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9050225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_2(1910)0 (M142, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9040225, I=0, G=+, J=2, P=+, C=+
f_0(1370)0 (M147, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 10221, I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+
a_0(1450)0 (M149, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 10111, I=1, G=-, J=0, P=+, C=+
f_0(1500)0 (M152, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9030221, I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+
chi_c0(3915) (M159, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+
a_2(1700)0 (M162, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), MCID 9000115, I=1, G=-, J=2, P=+, C=+
a_0(1950)0 (M227, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), I=1, G=-, J=0, P=+, C=+
a_0(1710)0 (M263, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), I=1, G=-, J=0, P=+, C=+
f_0(1770)0 (M264, Meson, Self-Conjugate, charge 0), I=0, G=+, J=0, P=+, C=+

There are lots of interesting ways to filter particle searches, such as selecting particles in a certain mass range.

The database itself contains data beyond individual particle and decay measurements. A lot of this data is hard to classify, so it’s often useful to use search queries. For example, if we wanted to learn about constraints on extra dimensions, we might do the following:

use pdg_rs::{Pdg, PdgResult};

fn main() -> PdgResult<()> {
    let pdg = Pdg::open()?;

    let Some(result) = pdg
        .search_text("extra dimensions Newtonian")?
        .into_iter()
        .find(|result| result.text.starts_with("This section includes"))
    else {
        return Ok(());
    };
    println!("{}\n", result.text);
    let measurements = pdg.measurements_for(result.pdgid)?;
    for measurement in &measurements {
        println!(
            "{:<25} ({})",
            measurement.reference.document_id,
            measurement.comment.clone().unwrap_or_default()
        );
        for value in &measurement.values {
            if value.value.is_some() {
                println!("Value: {}", value);
            }
            for footnote in &measurement.footnotes {
                println!("{}", footnote.text.clone().unwrap_or_default());
            }
        }
        println!();
    }
    println!("\nReferences:\n");
    for measurement in measurements {
        println!(
            "{:<25}  {}",
            measurement.reference.document_id,
            measurement
                .reference
                .doi
                .clone()
                .or(measurement.reference.inspire_id.clone())
                .or(measurement.reference.title.clone())
                .unwrap_or_default()
        );
    }
    Ok(())
}

This section includes limits on the size of extra dimensions from deviations in the Newtonian (1/r**2) gravitational force law at short distances. Deviations are parametrized by a gravitational potential of the form V = -(G m m'/r) [1 + alpha exp(-r/R)]. For delta toroidal extra dimensions of equal size, alpha = 8delta/3. Quoted bounds are for delta = 2 unless otherwise noted.

BLAKEMORE 2021            (Optical levitation)
BLAKEMORE 2021 obtain constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths |alpha| ~> E8 and length scales R > 10 mum. See their Fig. 4 for more details including comparison with previous searches.

HEACOCK 2021              (Neutron scattering)
HEACOCK 2021 obtain constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths E18~< |alpha|~< E25 and length scales R ~= 0.02 -- 10 nm. See their Figure 3 for more details. This improves the results of HADDOCK 2018. These constraints do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

LEE 2020                  (Torsion pendulum)
LEE 2020 search for new forces probing a range of |alpha| ~=  and length scales R ~= 7 -- 90 mum. For delta = 1 the bound on R is 30 mum. See their Fig. 5 for details on the bound.

TAN 2020A                 (Torsion pendulum)
Value: <37 micrometers
TAN 2020A search for new forces probing a range of |alpha| ~= 4E-3 -- 1E2 and length scales R ~= 40 -- 350 mum. See their Fig. 6 for details on the bound.

BERGE 2018                (Space accelerometer)
BERGE 2018 uses results from the MICROSCOPE experiment to obtain constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths E-11~< |alpha|~< E-7 and length scales R ~>E5 m. See their Figure 1 for more details. These constraints do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

FAYET 2018A               (Space accelerometer)
FAYET 2018A uses results from the MICROSCOPE experiment to obtain constraints on an EP-violating force possibly arising from a new U(1) gauge boson. For R ~>E7 m the limits are |alpha| ~< a few E-13 to a few E-11 depending on the coupling, corresponding to |epsilon| ~< E-24 for the coupling of the new spin-1 or spin-0 mediator. These constraints do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions. This extends the results of FAYET 2018.

KLIMCHITSKAYA 2017A       (Torsion oscillator)
KLIMCHITSKAYA 2017A uses an experiment that measures the difference of Casimir forces to obtain bounds on non-Newtonian forces with strengths |alpha| ~= E5 -- E17 and length scales R = 0.03 -- 10 mum. See their Fig. 3. These constraints do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

XU 2013                   (Nuclei properties)
XU 2013 obtain constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths |alpha| ~= 10**34 -- 10**36 and length scales R ~= 1 -- 10 fm. See their Fig. 4 for more details. These constraints do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

BEZERRA 2011              (Torsion oscillator)
BEZERRA 2011 obtain constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths E11~< |alpha|~< E18 and length scales R = 30 -- 1260 nm. See their Fig. 2 for more details. These constraints do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

SUSHKOV 2011              (Torsion pendulum)
SUSHKOV 2011 obtain improved limits on non-Newtonian forces with strengths E7~< |alpha| ~< E11 and length scales 0.4 mum < R < 4 mum (95% CL). See their Fig. 2. These bounds do not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions. However, a model dependent bound of M_{{*}} > 70 TeV is obtained assuming gauge bosons that couple to baryon number also propagate in (4 + delta) dimensions.

BEZERRA 2010              (Microcantilever)
BEZERRA 2010 obtain improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths E19~< |alpha|~< E29 and length scales R = 1.6 -- 14 nm (95% CL). See their Fig. 1. This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

MASUDA 2009               (Torsion pendulum)
MASUDA 2009 obtain improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths E9~<|alpha|~<E11 and length scales R = 1.0 -- 2.9 mum (95% CL). See their Fig. 3. This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

GERACI 2008               (Microcantilever)
GERACI 2008 obtain improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces with strengths |alpha| > 14,000 and length scales R = 5 -- 15 micrometers. See their Fig. 9. This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

TRENKEL 2008              (Newton's constant)
TRENKEL 2008 uses two independent measurements of Newton's constant G to constrain new forces with strength |alpha|~=E-4 and length scales R = 0.02 -- 1 m. See their Fig. 1.
This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

DECCA 2007A               (Torsion oscillator)
DECCA 2007A search for new forces and obtain bounds in the region with strengths |alpha| ~= E13 -- E18 and length scales R = 20 -- 86 nm. See their Fig. 6. This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

KAPNER 2007               (Torsion pendulum)
Value: <37 micrometers
KAPNER 2007 search for new forces, probing a range of |alpha| ~= 10**-3 -- 10**5 and length scales R ~= 10 -- 1000 mum. For delta = 1 the bound on R is 44 mum. For delta = 2, the bound is expressed in terms of M_{{*}}, here translated to a bound on the radius. See their Fig. 6 for details on the bound.

TU 2007                   (Torsion pendulum)
Value: <47 micrometers
TU 2007 search for new forces probing a range of |alpha| ~= E-1 -- E5 and length scales R ~= 20 -- 1000 mum. For delta = 1 the bound on R is 53 mum. See their Fig. 3 for details on the bound.

SMULLIN 2005              (Microcantilever)
SMULLIN 2005 search for new forces, and obtain bounds in the region with strengths alpha ~= 10**3 -- 10**8 and length scales R = 6 -- 20 mum. See their Figs. 1 and 16 for details on the bound. This work does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

HOYLE 2004                (Torsion pendulum)
Value: <130 micrometers
HOYLE 2004 search for new forces, probing alpha down to 10**-2 and distances down to 10mum. Quoted bound on R is for delta = 2. For delta = 1, bound goes to 160 mum. See their Fig. 34 for details on the bound.

CHIAVERINI 2003           (Microcantilever)
CHIAVERINI 2003 search for new forces, probing alpha above 10**4 and lambda down to 3mum, finding no signal. See their Fig. 4 for details on the bound. This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.

LONG 2003                 (Microcantilever)
LONG 2003 search for new forces, probing alpha down to 3, and distances down to about 10mum. See their Fig. 4 for details on the bound.

HOYLE 2001                (Torsion pendulum)
Value: <190 micrometers
HOYLE 2001 search for new forces, probing alpha down to 10**-2 and distances down to 20mum. See their Fig. 4 for details on the bound. The quoted bound is for alpha >= 3.

HOSKINS 1985              (Torsion pendulum)
HOSKINS 1985 search for new forces, probing distances down to 4 mm. See their Fig. 13 for details on the bound. This bound does not place limits on the size of extra flat dimensions.


References:

BLAKEMORE 2021             10.1103/PhysRevD.104.L061101
HEACOCK 2021               10.1126/science.abc2794
LEE 2020                   10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.101101
TAN 2020A                  10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.051301
BERGE 2018                 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.141101
FAYET 2018A                10.1103/PhysRevD.99.055043
KLIMCHITSKAYA 2017A        10.1103/PhysRevD.95.123013
XU 2013                    10.1088/0954-3899/40/3/035107
BEZERRA 2011               10.1103/PhysRevD.83.075004
SUSHKOV 2011               10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.171101
BEZERRA 2010               10.1103/PhysRevD.81.055003
MASUDA 2009                10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.171101
GERACI 2008                10.1103/PhysRevD.78.022002
TRENKEL 2008               10.1103/PhysRevD.77.122001
DECCA 2007A                10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0346-z
KAPNER 2007                10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.021101
TU 2007                    10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.201101
SMULLIN 2005               10.1103/PhysRevD.72.122001
HOYLE 2004                 10.1103/PhysRevD.70.042004
CHIAVERINI 2003            10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.151101
LONG 2003                  10.1038/nature01432
HOYLE 2001                 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1418
HOSKINS 1985               10.1103/PhysRevD.32.3084

Data is not always in a consistent form, although that is mostly due to the difficulty of having to account for so many different kinds of data entries. The search feature is intended to be more of a backend to a future TUI which will allow for these sorts of resources to be discovered in a more interactive manner rather than poking around at each pdgid entry to see what references/footnotes/values it may relate to.

Project Status

Currently this is just a working example. I have some plans to expand the interface, but I’m open to outside contributions and ideas, please raise issues or make pull requests if interested. Some things I’m currently considering/working on:

• A TUI interface for handling particle queries and raw data searches with better organization of footnotes and references.
• Rust structs mirroring every table to provide a consistent backend
• Incorporating the JSON data from here and here to add a bit of additional context to the database.
• Automatically downloading and/or dynamically updating the database when a new version of the PDG is released.
• Possibly a Python interface, although I’d have to ensure there is some actual value to it beyond a clone of the particle library. I think right now it could be justified given that particle is mainly a curated selection raw particle information while pdg-rs incorporates the entire database of measurements and data not specific to any single particle.

Citations

When using data from pdg-rs, please cite:

@article{ParticleDataGroup:2024cfk,
    author = "Navas, S. and others",
    collaboration = "Particle Data Group",
    title = "{Review of particle physics}",
    doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.110.030001",
    journal = "Phys. Rev. D",
    volume = "110",
    number = "3",
    pages = "030001",
    year = "2024"
}

See also:

The particle library (Python)

Structs

BranchingFraction

Branching-fraction data for a particle decay mode.

BranchingRatio

Branching-ratio data for a particle.

DataEntry

Numeric data row for a PDG identifier.

DecayProduct

Decay product listed for a branching-fraction row.

ParticleProperty

Particle property value and its provenance.

ParticleSearchQuery

Builder for particle searches run by crate::Pdg::search_particles.

Pdg

Handle for querying the Particle Data Group database.

PdgFootnote

Footnote attached to a PDG identifier or measurement.

PdgIdEntry

Metadata row for a PDG identifier.

PdgItem

Named item used to organize particles and decay products.

PdgItemChild

Child item in a PdgItem hierarchy query.

PdgMeasurement

Experimental or observational measurement supporting a PDG data entry.

PdgMeasurementValue

Individual value reported by a PdgMeasurement.

PdgParticle

Particle row from the PDG database.

PdgReference

Bibliographic reference for a PDG measurement.

PdgText

Free-form text block attached to a PDG identifier.

TextSearchResult

A full-text search hit from crate::Pdg::search_text.

Enums

AngularMomentum

Angular momentum quantum number.

BranchingFractionKind

Whether a branching fraction is exclusive or inclusive.

Charge

Electric charge in units of the positron charge.

DataType

Kind of data represented by a PDG identifier row.

DecayMatchMode

Matching mode for decay-product filters.

DecayStateExpansion

Controls how named decay states are expanded through the PDG item hierarchy.

Isospin

Isospin quantum number.

LimitType

Type of bound or range represented by a data value.

Parity

Discrete parity-like quantum number.

ParticleClass

Broad PDG particle class.

ParticleType

Particle/antiparticle relationship encoded by the PDG particle table.

PdgError

Errors returned by database access, code parsing, and quantum number conversion.

PdgItemType

Kind of named item in the PDG item hierarchy.

PropertySource

Source of a ParticleProperty.

QuantumFilter

Filter for optional quantum numbers.

QuantumNumberConversionError

Error returned when a quantum number cannot be converted to a numeric type.

TextSearchSource

Source table for a TextSearchResult.

ValueType

Classification for a PDG numeric value row.

Constants

LATEST_EDITION

The default PDG edition used by this crate.

Type Aliases

PdgId

Identifier used by the PDG database for particles, properties, sections, and decay modes.

PdgResult

Result type returned by fallible pdg-rs operations.