pdfplumber_core/

painting.rs

//! Path painting operators, graphics state, and ExtGState types.
//!
//! Implements PDF path painting operators (S, s, f, F, f*, B, B*, b, b*, n)
//! that determine how constructed paths are rendered. Also provides
//! `DashPattern`, `ExtGState`, and extended `GraphicsState` for the
//! `gs` and `d` operators.

use crate::path::{Path, PathBuilder};

/// Color value from a PDF color space.
///
/// Supports the standard PDF color spaces: DeviceGray, DeviceRGB,
/// DeviceCMYK, and other (e.g., indexed, ICC-based) spaces.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum Color {
    /// DeviceGray: single component in [0.0, 1.0].
    Gray(f32),
    /// DeviceRGB: (r, g, b) components in [0.0, 1.0].
    Rgb(f32, f32, f32),
    /// DeviceCMYK: (c, m, y, k) components in [0.0, 1.0].
    Cmyk(f32, f32, f32, f32),
    /// Other color space (e.g., indexed, ICC-based).
    Other(Vec<f32>),
}

impl Color {
    /// Black color (gray 0).
    pub fn black() -> Self {
        Self::Gray(0.0)
    }

    /// Convert this color to an RGB triple `(r, g, b)` with components in `[0.0, 1.0]`.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` for `Color::Other` since the color space is unknown.
    pub fn to_rgb(&self) -> Option<(f32, f32, f32)> {
        match self {
            Color::Gray(g) => Some((*g, *g, *g)),
            Color::Rgb(r, g, b) => Some((*r, *g, *b)),
            Color::Cmyk(c, m, y, k) => {
                // Standard CMYK to RGB conversion
                let r = (1.0 - c) * (1.0 - k);
                let g = (1.0 - m) * (1.0 - k);
                let b = (1.0 - y) * (1.0 - k);
                Some((r, g, b))
            }
            Color::Other(_) => None,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for Color {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::black()
    }
}

/// Fill rule for path painting.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum FillRule {
    /// Nonzero winding number rule (default).
    #[default]
    NonZeroWinding,
    /// Even-odd rule.
    EvenOdd,
}

/// Dash pattern for stroking operations.
///
/// Corresponds to the PDF `d` operator and `/D` entry in ExtGState.
/// A solid line has an empty `dash_array` and `dash_phase` of 0.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct DashPattern {
    /// Array of dash/gap lengths (alternating on/off).
    /// Empty array means a solid line.
    pub dash_array: Vec<f64>,
    /// Phase offset into the dash pattern.
    pub dash_phase: f64,
}

impl DashPattern {
    /// Create a new dash pattern.
    pub fn new(dash_array: Vec<f64>, dash_phase: f64) -> Self {
        Self {
            dash_array,
            dash_phase,
        }
    }

    /// Solid line (no dashes).
    pub fn solid() -> Self {
        Self {
            dash_array: Vec::new(),
            dash_phase: 0.0,
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if this is a solid line (no dashes).
    pub fn is_solid(&self) -> bool {
        self.dash_array.is_empty()
    }
}

impl Default for DashPattern {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::solid()
    }
}

/// Graphics state relevant to path painting.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct GraphicsState {
    /// Current line width (default: 1.0 per PDF spec).
    pub line_width: f64,
    /// Current stroking color.
    pub stroke_color: Color,
    /// Current non-stroking (fill) color.
    pub fill_color: Color,
    /// Current dash pattern (default: solid line).
    pub dash_pattern: DashPattern,
    /// Stroking alpha / opacity (CA, default: 1.0 = fully opaque).
    pub stroke_alpha: f64,
    /// Non-stroking alpha / opacity (ca, default: 1.0 = fully opaque).
    pub fill_alpha: f64,
}

impl Default for GraphicsState {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            line_width: 1.0,
            stroke_color: Color::black(),
            fill_color: Color::black(),
            dash_pattern: DashPattern::solid(),
            stroke_alpha: 1.0,
            fill_alpha: 1.0,
        }
    }
}

impl GraphicsState {
    /// Apply an `ExtGState` dictionary to this graphics state.
    ///
    /// Only fields that are `Some` in the `ExtGState` are overridden.
    pub fn apply_ext_gstate(&mut self, ext: &ExtGState) {
        if let Some(lw) = ext.line_width {
            self.line_width = lw;
        }
        if let Some(ref dp) = ext.dash_pattern {
            self.dash_pattern = dp.clone();
        }
        if let Some(ca) = ext.stroke_alpha {
            self.stroke_alpha = ca;
        }
        if let Some(ca) = ext.fill_alpha {
            self.fill_alpha = ca;
        }
    }

    /// Set the dash pattern directly (`d` operator).
    pub fn set_dash_pattern(&mut self, dash_array: Vec<f64>, dash_phase: f64) {
        self.dash_pattern = DashPattern::new(dash_array, dash_phase);
    }
}

/// Extended Graphics State parameters (from `gs` operator).
///
/// Represents the parsed contents of an ExtGState dictionary.
/// All fields are optional — only present entries override the current graphics state.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct ExtGState {
    /// /LW — Line width override.
    pub line_width: Option<f64>,
    /// /D — Dash pattern override.
    pub dash_pattern: Option<DashPattern>,
    /// /CA — Stroking alpha (opacity).
    pub stroke_alpha: Option<f64>,
    /// /ca — Non-stroking alpha (opacity).
    pub fill_alpha: Option<f64>,
    /// /Font — Font name and size override (font_name, font_size).
    pub font: Option<(String, f64)>,
}

/// A painted path — the result of a painting operator applied to a constructed path.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct PaintedPath {
    /// The path segments.
    pub path: Path,
    /// Whether the path is stroked.
    pub stroke: bool,
    /// Whether the path is filled.
    pub fill: bool,
    /// Fill rule used (only meaningful when `fill` is true).
    pub fill_rule: FillRule,
    /// Line width at the time of painting.
    pub line_width: f64,
    /// Stroking color at the time of painting.
    pub stroke_color: Color,
    /// Fill color at the time of painting.
    pub fill_color: Color,
    /// Dash pattern at the time of painting.
    pub dash_pattern: DashPattern,
    /// Stroking alpha at the time of painting.
    pub stroke_alpha: f64,
    /// Non-stroking alpha at the time of painting.
    pub fill_alpha: f64,
}

impl PathBuilder {
    /// Create a `PaintedPath` capturing the current graphics state.
    fn paint(
        &mut self,
        gs: &GraphicsState,
        stroke: bool,
        fill: bool,
        fill_rule: FillRule,
    ) -> PaintedPath {
        let path = self.take_path();
        PaintedPath {
            path,
            stroke,
            fill,
            fill_rule,
            line_width: gs.line_width,
            stroke_color: gs.stroke_color.clone(),
            fill_color: gs.fill_color.clone(),
            dash_pattern: gs.dash_pattern.clone(),
            stroke_alpha: gs.stroke_alpha,
            fill_alpha: gs.fill_alpha,
        }
    }

    /// `S` operator: stroke the current path.
    ///
    /// Paints the path outline using the current stroking color and line width.
    /// Clears the current path after painting.
    pub fn stroke(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.paint(gs, true, false, FillRule::NonZeroWinding)
    }

    /// `s` operator: close the current subpath, then stroke.
    ///
    /// Equivalent to `h S`.
    pub fn close_and_stroke(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.close_path();
        self.stroke(gs)
    }

    /// `f` or `F` operator: fill the current path using the nonzero winding rule.
    ///
    /// Any open subpaths are implicitly closed before filling.
    pub fn fill(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.paint(gs, false, true, FillRule::NonZeroWinding)
    }

    /// `f*` operator: fill the current path using the even-odd rule.
    pub fn fill_even_odd(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.paint(gs, false, true, FillRule::EvenOdd)
    }

    /// `B` operator: fill then stroke the current path (nonzero winding).
    pub fn fill_and_stroke(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.paint(gs, true, true, FillRule::NonZeroWinding)
    }

    /// `B*` operator: fill (even-odd) then stroke the current path.
    pub fn fill_even_odd_and_stroke(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.paint(gs, true, true, FillRule::EvenOdd)
    }

    /// `b` operator: close, fill (nonzero winding), then stroke.
    ///
    /// Equivalent to `h B`.
    pub fn close_fill_and_stroke(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.close_path();
        self.fill_and_stroke(gs)
    }

    /// `b*` operator: close, fill (even-odd), then stroke.
    ///
    /// Equivalent to `h B*`.
    pub fn close_fill_even_odd_and_stroke(&mut self, gs: &GraphicsState) -> PaintedPath {
        self.close_path();
        self.fill_even_odd_and_stroke(gs)
    }

    /// `n` operator: end the path without painting.
    ///
    /// Discards the current path. Used primarily for clipping paths.
    /// Returns `None` since no painted path is produced.
    pub fn end_path(&mut self) -> Option<PaintedPath> {
        self.take_path();
        None
    }

    /// Take the current path segments and reset the builder for the next path.
    fn take_path(&mut self) -> Path {
        self.take_and_reset()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::geometry::{Ctm, Point};
    use crate::path::PathSegment;

    fn default_gs() -> GraphicsState {
        GraphicsState::default()
    }

    fn custom_gs() -> GraphicsState {
        GraphicsState {
            line_width: 2.5,
            stroke_color: Color::Rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            fill_color: Color::Rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
            ..GraphicsState::default()
        }
    }

    fn build_triangle(builder: &mut PathBuilder) {
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(50.0, 80.0);
    }

    fn build_rectangle(builder: &mut PathBuilder) {
        builder.rectangle(10.0, 20.0, 100.0, 50.0);
    }

    // --- Color::to_rgb tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_gray_to_rgb() {
        let c = Color::Gray(0.5);
        assert_eq!(c.to_rgb(), Some((0.5, 0.5, 0.5)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_gray_black_to_rgb() {
        let c = Color::Gray(0.0);
        assert_eq!(c.to_rgb(), Some((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_gray_white_to_rgb() {
        let c = Color::Gray(1.0);
        assert_eq!(c.to_rgb(), Some((1.0, 1.0, 1.0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rgb_to_rgb_identity() {
        let c = Color::Rgb(0.2, 0.4, 0.6);
        assert_eq!(c.to_rgb(), Some((0.2, 0.4, 0.6)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cmyk_to_rgb() {
        // Pure cyan: C=1, M=0, Y=0, K=0 → R=0, G=1, B=1
        let c = Color::Cmyk(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
        let (r, g, b) = c.to_rgb().unwrap();
        assert!((r - 0.0).abs() < 0.01, "r={r}");
        assert!((g - 1.0).abs() < 0.01, "g={g}");
        assert!((b - 1.0).abs() < 0.01, "b={b}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cmyk_black_to_rgb() {
        // K=1 → all black
        let c = Color::Cmyk(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        let (r, g, b) = c.to_rgb().unwrap();
        assert!((r - 0.0).abs() < 0.01, "r={r}");
        assert!((g - 0.0).abs() < 0.01, "g={g}");
        assert!((b - 0.0).abs() < 0.01, "b={b}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cmyk_white_to_rgb() {
        // All zero → white
        let c = Color::Cmyk(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
        let (r, g, b) = c.to_rgb().unwrap();
        assert!((r - 1.0).abs() < 0.01, "r={r}");
        assert!((g - 1.0).abs() < 0.01, "g={g}");
        assert!((b - 1.0).abs() < 0.01, "b={b}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_other_to_rgb_returns_none() {
        let c = Color::Other(vec![0.1, 0.2]);
        assert_eq!(c.to_rgb(), None);
    }

    // --- Color tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_color_gray() {
        let c = Color::Gray(0.5);
        assert_eq!(c, Color::Gray(0.5));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_color_rgb() {
        let c = Color::Rgb(0.5, 0.6, 0.7);
        assert_eq!(c, Color::Rgb(0.5, 0.6, 0.7));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_color_cmyk() {
        let c = Color::Cmyk(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4);
        assert_eq!(c, Color::Cmyk(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_color_other() {
        let c = Color::Other(vec![0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]);
        if let Color::Other(ref v) = c {
            assert_eq!(v.len(), 5);
        } else {
            panic!("expected Color::Other");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_color_black() {
        let c = Color::black();
        assert_eq!(c, Color::Gray(0.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_color_default_is_black() {
        assert_eq!(Color::default(), Color::black());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_color_clone() {
        let c = Color::Rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
        let c2 = c.clone();
        assert_eq!(c, c2);
    }

    // --- FillRule tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_rule_default() {
        assert_eq!(FillRule::default(), FillRule::NonZeroWinding);
    }

    // --- DashPattern tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_dash_pattern_solid() {
        let dp = DashPattern::solid();
        assert!(dp.dash_array.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(dp.dash_phase, 0.0);
        assert!(dp.is_solid());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_dash_pattern_default_is_solid() {
        assert_eq!(DashPattern::default(), DashPattern::solid());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_dash_pattern_new() {
        let dp = DashPattern::new(vec![3.0, 2.0], 1.0);
        assert_eq!(dp.dash_array, vec![3.0, 2.0]);
        assert_eq!(dp.dash_phase, 1.0);
        assert!(!dp.is_solid());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_dash_pattern_complex() {
        let dp = DashPattern::new(vec![5.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0], 0.0);
        assert_eq!(dp.dash_array.len(), 4);
        assert!(!dp.is_solid());
    }

    // --- GraphicsState tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_graphics_state_default() {
        let gs = GraphicsState::default();
        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_color, Color::black());
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_color, Color::black());
        assert!(gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_set_dash_pattern() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        gs.set_dash_pattern(vec![4.0, 2.0], 0.5);

        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![4.0, 2.0]);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_phase, 0.5);
        assert!(!gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_set_dash_pattern_back_to_solid() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        gs.set_dash_pattern(vec![4.0, 2.0], 0.5);
        assert!(!gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());

        gs.set_dash_pattern(vec![], 0.0);
        assert!(gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());
    }

    // --- ExtGState tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_ext_gstate_default_is_all_none() {
        let ext = ExtGState::default();
        assert!(ext.line_width.is_none());
        assert!(ext.dash_pattern.is_none());
        assert!(ext.stroke_alpha.is_none());
        assert!(ext.fill_alpha.is_none());
        assert!(ext.font.is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_line_width() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 1.0);

        let ext = ExtGState {
            line_width: Some(3.5),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 3.5);
        // Other fields unchanged
        assert!(gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_dash_pattern() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        assert!(gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());

        let ext = ExtGState {
            dash_pattern: Some(DashPattern::new(vec![6.0, 3.0], 0.0)),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![6.0, 3.0]);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_phase, 0.0);
        // Other fields unchanged
        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_stroke_alpha() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 1.0);

        let ext = ExtGState {
            stroke_alpha: Some(0.5),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 0.5);
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 1.0); // unchanged
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_fill_alpha() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 1.0);

        let ext = ExtGState {
            fill_alpha: Some(0.75),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 0.75);
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 1.0); // unchanged
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_multiple_fields() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();

        let ext = ExtGState {
            line_width: Some(2.0),
            dash_pattern: Some(DashPattern::new(vec![1.0, 1.0], 0.0)),
            stroke_alpha: Some(0.8),
            fill_alpha: Some(0.6),
            font: Some(("Helvetica".to_string(), 14.0)),
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 2.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![1.0, 1.0]);
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 0.8);
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 0.6);
        // Font is stored in ExtGState but not in GraphicsState directly
        // (it's a text state concern — callers read ext.font separately)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_none_fields_preserve_state() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState {
            line_width: 5.0,
            stroke_alpha: 0.3,
            fill_alpha: 0.4,
            dash_pattern: DashPattern::new(vec![2.0], 0.0),
            ..GraphicsState::default()
        };

        // Apply empty ExtGState — nothing should change
        let ext = ExtGState::default();
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 5.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 0.3);
        assert_eq!(gs.fill_alpha, 0.4);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![2.0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_apply_ext_gstate_sequential() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();

        // First ExtGState: set line width
        let ext1 = ExtGState {
            line_width: Some(2.0),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext1);
        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 2.0);

        // Second ExtGState: set alpha, line width stays
        let ext2 = ExtGState {
            stroke_alpha: Some(0.5),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext2);
        assert_eq!(gs.line_width, 2.0); // preserved
        assert_eq!(gs.stroke_alpha, 0.5);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_ext_gstate_font_override() {
        let ext = ExtGState {
            font: Some(("CourierNew".to_string(), 10.0)),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        let (name, size) = ext.font.as_ref().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(name, "CourierNew");
        assert_eq!(*size, 10.0);
    }

    // --- S operator (stroke) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_produces_stroke_only() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.stroke);
        assert!(!painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::NonZeroWinding);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_captures_path_segments() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&default_gs());
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 3); // moveto + 2 lineto
        assert_eq!(
            painted.path.segments[0],
            PathSegment::MoveTo(Point::new(0.0, 0.0))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_captures_graphics_state() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let gs = custom_gs();
        let painted = builder.stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.line_width, 2.5);
        assert_eq!(painted.stroke_color, Color::Rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_color, Color::Rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_clears_builder() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);
        let _ = builder.stroke(&default_gs());

        assert!(builder.is_empty());
    }

    // --- Stroke captures dash pattern and alpha ---

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_captures_dash_pattern() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);

        let gs = GraphicsState {
            dash_pattern: DashPattern::new(vec![5.0, 3.0], 1.0),
            ..GraphicsState::default()
        };
        let painted = builder.stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![5.0, 3.0]);
        assert_eq!(painted.dash_pattern.dash_phase, 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_captures_alpha() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);

        let gs = GraphicsState {
            stroke_alpha: 0.7,
            fill_alpha: 0.3,
            ..GraphicsState::default()
        };
        let painted = builder.stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.stroke_alpha, 0.7);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_alpha, 0.3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_default_gs_has_solid_dash_and_full_alpha() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.dash_pattern.is_solid());
        assert_eq!(painted.stroke_alpha, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_alpha, 1.0);
    }

    // --- s operator (close + stroke) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_close_and_stroke_includes_closepath() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.close_and_stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.stroke);
        assert!(!painted.fill);
        // Should have: moveto + 2 lineto + closepath = 4 segments
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments[3], PathSegment::ClosePath);
    }

    // --- f/F operator (fill, nonzero winding) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_produces_fill_only() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.fill(&default_gs());
        assert!(!painted.stroke);
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::NonZeroWinding);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_captures_path() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_rectangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.fill(&default_gs());
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 5); // moveto + 3 lineto + closepath
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_clears_builder() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);
        let _ = builder.fill(&default_gs());

        assert!(builder.is_empty());
    }

    // --- f* operator (fill, even-odd) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_even_odd_uses_even_odd_rule() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.fill_even_odd(&default_gs());
        assert!(!painted.stroke);
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::EvenOdd);
    }

    // --- B operator (fill + stroke) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_and_stroke() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.fill_and_stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.stroke);
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::NonZeroWinding);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_and_stroke_captures_custom_gs() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let gs = custom_gs();
        let painted = builder.fill_and_stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.line_width, 2.5);
        assert_eq!(painted.stroke_color, Color::Rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_color, Color::Rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
    }

    // --- B* operator (fill even-odd + stroke) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_even_odd_and_stroke() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.fill_even_odd_and_stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.stroke);
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::EvenOdd);
    }

    // --- b operator (close + fill + stroke) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_close_fill_and_stroke() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.close_fill_and_stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.stroke);
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::NonZeroWinding);
        // Should have closepath
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments[3], PathSegment::ClosePath);
    }

    // --- b* operator (close + fill even-odd + stroke) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_close_fill_even_odd_and_stroke() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let painted = builder.close_fill_even_odd_and_stroke(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.stroke);
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_rule, FillRule::EvenOdd);
        // Should have closepath
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments[3], PathSegment::ClosePath);
    }

    // --- n operator (end path, no painting) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_end_path_returns_none() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);

        let result = builder.end_path();
        assert!(result.is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_end_path_clears_builder() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        build_triangle(&mut builder);
        let _ = builder.end_path();

        assert!(builder.is_empty());
    }

    // --- Sequential painting operations ---

    #[test]
    fn test_paint_then_build_new_path() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());

        // First path: stroke a line
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);
        let first = builder.stroke(&default_gs());
        assert_eq!(first.path.segments.len(), 2);

        // Second path: fill a rectangle
        build_rectangle(&mut builder);
        let second = builder.fill(&default_gs());
        assert_eq!(second.path.segments.len(), 5);
        assert!(second.fill);
        assert!(!second.stroke);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_multiple_paints_independent() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());

        // First paint with one graphics state
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(50.0, 50.0);
        let gs1 = GraphicsState {
            line_width: 1.0,
            stroke_color: Color::Rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            fill_color: Color::black(),
            ..GraphicsState::default()
        };
        let first = builder.stroke(&gs1);

        // Second paint with different graphics state
        builder.move_to(10.0, 10.0);
        builder.line_to(60.0, 60.0);
        let gs2 = GraphicsState {
            line_width: 3.0,
            stroke_color: Color::Rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
            fill_color: Color::black(),
            ..GraphicsState::default()
        };
        let second = builder.stroke(&gs2);

        // Each painted path should have its own state
        assert_eq!(first.line_width, 1.0);
        assert_eq!(first.stroke_color, Color::Rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
        assert_eq!(second.line_width, 3.0);
        assert_eq!(second.stroke_color, Color::Rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
    }

    // --- Painting with CTM-transformed paths ---

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_with_ctm_transformed_path() {
        let ctm = Ctm::new(2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 10.0, 10.0);
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(ctm);
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(50.0, 0.0);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&default_gs());
        // Coordinates should already be CTM-transformed
        assert_eq!(
            painted.path.segments[0],
            PathSegment::MoveTo(Point::new(10.0, 10.0))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            painted.path.segments[1],
            PathSegment::LineTo(Point::new(110.0, 10.0))
        );
    }

    // --- Painting with curves ---

    #[test]
    fn test_stroke_path_with_curves() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.curve_to(10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 0.0);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&default_gs());
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(
            painted.path.segments[1],
            PathSegment::CurveTo {
                cp1: Point::new(10.0, 20.0),
                cp2: Point::new(30.0, 40.0),
                end: Point::new(50.0, 0.0),
            }
        );
        assert!(painted.stroke);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fill_path_with_curves() {
        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.curve_to(10.0, 50.0, 90.0, 50.0, 100.0, 0.0);
        builder.close_path();

        let painted = builder.fill(&default_gs());
        assert!(painted.fill);
        assert!(!painted.stroke);
        assert_eq!(painted.path.segments.len(), 3); // moveto + curveto + closepath
    }

    // --- d operator (inline dash pattern) ---

    #[test]
    fn test_d_operator_sets_dash() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        assert!(gs.dash_pattern.is_solid());

        // d operator: [3 2] 0 d
        gs.set_dash_pattern(vec![3.0, 2.0], 0.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![3.0, 2.0]);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_phase, 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_d_operator_with_phase() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        gs.set_dash_pattern(vec![6.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0], 2.0);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![6.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0]);
        assert_eq!(gs.dash_pattern.dash_phase, 2.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_d_operator_propagates_to_painted_path() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        gs.set_dash_pattern(vec![4.0, 2.0], 0.0);

        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![4.0, 2.0]);
        assert!(!painted.dash_pattern.is_solid());
    }

    // --- gs operator (ExtGState application) scenarios ---

    #[test]
    fn test_gs_operator_line_width_propagates_to_paint() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        let ext = ExtGState {
            line_width: Some(4.0),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.line_width, 4.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_gs_operator_dash_propagates_to_paint() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        let ext = ExtGState {
            dash_pattern: Some(DashPattern::new(vec![10.0, 5.0], 0.0)),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 0.0);

        let painted = builder.stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.dash_pattern.dash_array, vec![10.0, 5.0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_gs_operator_opacity_propagates_to_paint() {
        let mut gs = GraphicsState::default();
        let ext = ExtGState {
            stroke_alpha: Some(0.5),
            fill_alpha: Some(0.25),
            ..ExtGState::default()
        };
        gs.apply_ext_gstate(&ext);

        let mut builder = PathBuilder::new(Ctm::identity());
        builder.move_to(0.0, 0.0);
        builder.line_to(100.0, 100.0);
        builder.close_path();

        let painted = builder.fill_and_stroke(&gs);
        assert_eq!(painted.stroke_alpha, 0.5);
        assert_eq!(painted.fill_alpha, 0.25);
    }
}