oxicuda_driver/

ffi.rs

//! Raw CUDA Driver API FFI types, constants, and enums.
//!
//! This module provides the low-level type definitions that mirror the CUDA Driver API
//! (`cuda.h`). No functions are defined here — only types, opaque pointer aliases,
//! result-code constants, and `#[repr]` enums used by the dynamically loaded driver
//! entry points.
//!
//! # Safety
//!
//! All pointer types in this module are raw pointers intended for FFI use.
//! They must only be used through the safe wrappers provided by higher-level
//! modules in `oxicuda-driver`.

use std::ffi::c_void;
use std::fmt;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Core scalar type aliases
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Return code from every CUDA Driver API call.
///
/// A value of `0` (`CUDA_SUCCESS`) indicates success; any other value is an
/// error code. See the `CUDA_*` constants below for the full catalogue.
pub type CUresult = u32;

/// Ordinal identifier for a CUDA-capable device (0-based).
pub type CUdevice = i32;

/// Device-side pointer (64-bit address in GPU virtual memory).
pub type CUdeviceptr = u64;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Opaque handle helpers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

macro_rules! define_handle {
    ($(#[$meta:meta])* $name:ident) => {
        $(#[$meta])*
        #[repr(transparent)]
        #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
        pub struct $name(pub *mut c_void);

        // SAFETY: CUDA handles are thread-safe when used with proper
        // synchronisation via the driver API.
        unsafe impl Send for $name {}
        unsafe impl Sync for $name {}

        impl fmt::Debug for $name {
            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
                write!(f, "{}({:p})", stringify!($name), self.0)
            }
        }

        impl Default for $name {
            fn default() -> Self {
                Self(std::ptr::null_mut())
            }
        }

        impl $name {
            /// Returns `true` if the handle is null (uninitialised).
            #[inline]
            pub fn is_null(self) -> bool {
                self.0.is_null()
            }
        }
    };
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Handle types
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA context.
    CUcontext
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a loaded CUDA module (PTX / cubin).
    CUmodule
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA kernel function within a module.
    CUfunction
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA stream (command queue).
    CUstream
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA event (used for timing and synchronisation).
    CUevent
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA memory pool (`cuMemPool*` family).
    CUmemoryPool
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA texture reference (legacy API).
    CUtexref
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA surface reference (legacy API).
    CUsurfref
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA texture object (modern bindless API).
    CUtexObject
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA surface object (modern bindless API).
    CUsurfObject
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA kernel (CUDA 12.8+ library-based kernels).
    ///
    /// Used with `cuKernelGetLibrary` to retrieve the library a kernel
    /// belongs to.
    CUkernel
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA library (CUDA 12.8+ JIT library API).
    ///
    /// Retrieved via `cuKernelGetLibrary` to identify the JIT-compiled
    /// library that contains a given kernel.
    CUlibrary
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to an NVLink multicast object (CUDA 12.8+).
    ///
    /// Used with `cuMulticastCreate`, `cuMulticastAddDevice`, and related
    /// functions to manage NVLink multicast memory regions across devices.
    CUmulticastObject
}

// =========================================================================
// CUmemorytype — memory type identifiers
// =========================================================================

/// Memory type identifiers returned by pointer attribute queries.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum CUmemorytype {
    /// Host (system) memory.
    Host = 1,
    /// Device (GPU) memory.
    Device = 2,
    /// Array memory.
    Array = 3,
    /// Unified (managed) memory.
    Unified = 4,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUpointer_attribute — pointer attribute query keys
// =========================================================================

/// Pointer attribute identifiers passed to `cuPointerGetAttribute`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUpointer_attribute {
    /// Query the CUDA context associated with a pointer.
    Context = 1,
    /// Query the memory type (host / device / unified) of a pointer.
    MemoryType = 2,
    /// Query the device pointer corresponding to a host pointer.
    DevicePointer = 3,
    /// Query the host pointer corresponding to a device pointer.
    HostPointer = 4,
    /// Query whether the memory is managed (unified).
    IsManaged = 9,
    /// Query the device ordinal for the pointer.
    DeviceOrdinal = 10,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUlimit — context limit identifiers
// =========================================================================

/// Context limit identifiers for `cuCtxSetLimit` / `cuCtxGetLimit`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum CUlimit {
    /// Stack size for each GPU thread.
    StackSize = 0,
    /// Size of the printf FIFO.
    PrintfFifoSize = 1,
    /// Size of the heap used by `malloc()` on the device.
    MallocHeapSize = 2,
    /// Maximum nesting depth of a device runtime launch.
    DevRuntimeSyncDepth = 3,
    /// Maximum number of outstanding device runtime launches.
    DevRuntimePendingLaunchCount = 4,
    /// L2 cache fetch granularity.
    MaxL2FetchGranularity = 5,
    /// Maximum persisting L2 cache size.
    PersistingL2CacheSize = 6,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUfunction_attribute — function attribute query keys
// =========================================================================

/// Function attribute identifiers passed to `cuFuncGetAttribute`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(i32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUfunction_attribute {
    /// Maximum threads per block for this function.
    MaxThreadsPerBlock = 0,
    /// Shared memory used by this function (bytes).
    SharedSizeBytes = 1,
    /// Size of user-allocated constant memory (bytes).
    ConstSizeBytes = 2,
    /// Size of local memory used by each thread (bytes).
    LocalSizeBytes = 3,
    /// Number of registers used by each thread.
    NumRegs = 4,
    /// PTX virtual architecture version.
    PtxVersion = 5,
    /// Binary architecture version.
    BinaryVersion = 6,
    /// Whether this function has been cached.
    CacheModeCa = 7,
    /// Maximum dynamic shared memory size (bytes).
    MaxDynamicSharedSizeBytes = 8,
    /// Preferred shared memory carve-out.
    PreferredSharedMemoryCarveout = 9,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUresult constants — every documented CUDA Driver API error code
// =========================================================================

/// The API call returned with no errors.
pub const CUDA_SUCCESS: CUresult = 0;

/// One or more parameters passed to the API call are not acceptable.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE: CUresult = 1;

/// The API call failed because it was unable to allocate enough memory.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY: CUresult = 2;

/// The CUDA driver has not been initialised via `cuInit`.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED: CUresult = 3;

/// The CUDA driver is shutting down.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_DEINITIALIZED: CUresult = 4;

/// Profiler is not initialised for this run.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PROFILER_DISABLED: CUresult = 5;

/// (Deprecated) Profiler not started.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PROFILER_NOT_INITIALIZED: CUresult = 6;

/// (Deprecated) Profiler already started.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PROFILER_ALREADY_STARTED: CUresult = 7;

/// (Deprecated) Profiler already stopped.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PROFILER_ALREADY_STOPPED: CUresult = 8;

/// Stub library loaded instead of the real driver.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STUB_LIBRARY: CUresult = 34;

/// Device-side assert triggered.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE: CUresult = 46;

/// No CUDA-capable device is detected.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NO_DEVICE: CUresult = 100;

/// The device ordinal supplied is out of range.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_DEVICE: CUresult = 101;

/// The device does not have a valid licence.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_LICENSED: CUresult = 102;

/// The PTX or cubin image is invalid.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_IMAGE: CUresult = 200;

/// The supplied context is not valid.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_CONTEXT: CUresult = 201;

/// (Deprecated) Context already current.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_CONTEXT_ALREADY_CURRENT: CUresult = 202;

/// A map or register operation has failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MAP_FAILED: CUresult = 205;

/// An unmap or unregister operation has failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_UNMAP_FAILED: CUresult = 206;

/// The specified array is currently mapped.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ARRAY_IS_MAPPED: CUresult = 207;

/// The resource is already mapped.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ALREADY_MAPPED: CUresult = 208;

/// There is no kernel image available for execution on the device.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NO_BINARY_FOR_GPU: CUresult = 209;

/// A resource has already been acquired.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ALREADY_ACQUIRED: CUresult = 210;

/// The resource is not mapped.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_MAPPED: CUresult = 211;

/// A mapped resource is not available for access as an array.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_MAPPED_AS_ARRAY: CUresult = 212;

/// A mapped resource is not available for access as a pointer.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_MAPPED_AS_POINTER: CUresult = 213;

/// An uncorrectable ECC error was detected.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ECC_UNCORRECTABLE: CUresult = 214;

/// A PTX JIT limit has been reached.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_LIMIT: CUresult = 215;

/// The context already has work from another thread bound to it.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_CONTEXT_ALREADY_IN_USE: CUresult = 216;

/// Peer access is not supported across the given devices.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PEER_ACCESS_UNSUPPORTED: CUresult = 217;

/// The PTX JIT compilation was disabled or the PTX is invalid.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_PTX: CUresult = 218;

/// Invalid graphics context.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_GRAPHICS_CONTEXT: CUresult = 219;

/// NVLINK is uncorrectable.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NVLINK_UNCORRECTABLE: CUresult = 220;

/// JIT compiler not found.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_JIT_COMPILER_NOT_FOUND: CUresult = 221;

/// Unsupported PTX version.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PTX_VERSION: CUresult = 222;

/// JIT compilation disabled.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_JIT_COMPILATION_DISABLED: CUresult = 223;

/// Unsupported exec-affinity type.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_EXEC_AFFINITY: CUresult = 224;

/// Unsupported device-side synchronisation on this device.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DEVSIDE_SYNC: CUresult = 225;

/// The requested source is invalid.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_SOURCE: CUresult = 300;

/// The named file was not found.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: CUresult = 301;

/// A shared-object symbol lookup failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_SHARED_OBJECT_SYMBOL_NOT_FOUND: CUresult = 302;

/// The shared-object init function failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_SHARED_OBJECT_INIT_FAILED: CUresult = 303;

/// An OS call failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_OPERATING_SYSTEM: CUresult = 304;

/// The supplied handle is invalid.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: CUresult = 400;

/// The requested resource is in an illegal state.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ILLEGAL_STATE: CUresult = 401;

/// A loss-less compression buffer was detected while doing uncompressed access.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_LOSSY_QUERY: CUresult = 402;

/// A named symbol was not found.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_FOUND: CUresult = 500;

/// The operation is not ready (asynchronous).
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_READY: CUresult = 600;

/// An illegal memory address was encountered.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ILLEGAL_ADDRESS: CUresult = 700;

/// The kernel launch uses too many resources (registers / shared memory).
pub const CUDA_ERROR_LAUNCH_OUT_OF_RESOURCES: CUresult = 701;

/// The kernel launch exceeded the time-out enforced by the driver.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_LAUNCH_TIMEOUT: CUresult = 702;

/// A launch did not occur on a compatible texturing mode.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_LAUNCH_INCOMPATIBLE_TEXTURING: CUresult = 703;

/// Peer access already enabled.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PEER_ACCESS_ALREADY_ENABLED: CUresult = 704;

/// Peer access has not been enabled.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PEER_ACCESS_NOT_ENABLED: CUresult = 705;

/// The primary context has already been initialised.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_PRIMARY_CONTEXT_ACTIVE: CUresult = 708;

/// The context is being destroyed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_CONTEXT_IS_DESTROYED: CUresult = 709;

/// A 64-bit device assertion triggered.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ASSERT: CUresult = 710;

/// Hardware resources to enable peer access are exhausted.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_TOO_MANY_PEERS: CUresult = 711;

/// The host-side memory region is already registered.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_HOST_MEMORY_ALREADY_REGISTERED: CUresult = 712;

/// The host-side memory region is not registered.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_HOST_MEMORY_NOT_REGISTERED: CUresult = 713;

/// Hardware stack overflow on the device.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_HARDWARE_STACK_ERROR: CUresult = 714;

/// Illegal instruction encountered on the device.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION: CUresult = 715;

/// Misaligned address on the device.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MISALIGNED_ADDRESS: CUresult = 716;

/// Invalid address space.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS_SPACE: CUresult = 717;

/// Invalid program counter on the device.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_PC: CUresult = 718;

/// The kernel launch failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_LAUNCH_FAILED: CUresult = 719;

/// Cooperative launch is too large for the device/kernel.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_COOPERATIVE_LAUNCH_TOO_LARGE: CUresult = 720;

/// The API call is not permitted in the active context.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED: CUresult = 800;

/// The API call is not supported by the current driver/device combination.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED: CUresult = 801;

/// System not ready for CUDA operations.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_SYSTEM_NOT_READY: CUresult = 802;

/// System driver mismatch.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_SYSTEM_DRIVER_MISMATCH: CUresult = 803;

/// Old-style context incompatible with CUDA 3.2+ API.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_COMPAT_NOT_SUPPORTED_ON_DEVICE: CUresult = 804;

/// MPS connection failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MPS_CONNECTION_FAILED: CUresult = 805;

/// MPS RPC failure.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MPS_RPC_FAILURE: CUresult = 806;

/// MPS server not ready.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MPS_SERVER_NOT_READY: CUresult = 807;

/// MPS maximum clients reached.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MPS_MAX_CLIENTS_REACHED: CUresult = 808;

/// MPS maximum connections reached.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MPS_MAX_CONNECTIONS_REACHED: CUresult = 809;

/// MPS client terminated.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_MPS_CLIENT_TERMINATED: CUresult = 810;

/// CDP not supported.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_CDP_NOT_SUPPORTED: CUresult = 811;

/// CDP version mismatch.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_CDP_VERSION_MISMATCH: CUresult = 812;

/// Stream capture unsupported.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_UNSUPPORTED: CUresult = 900;

/// Stream capture invalidated.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_INVALIDATED: CUresult = 901;

/// Stream capture merge not permitted.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_MERGE: CUresult = 902;

/// Stream capture unmatched.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_UNMATCHED: CUresult = 903;

/// Stream capture unjoined.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_UNJOINED: CUresult = 904;

/// Stream capture isolation violation.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_ISOLATION: CUresult = 905;

/// Implicit stream in graph capture.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_IMPLICIT: CUresult = 906;

/// Captured event error.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_CAPTURED_EVENT: CUresult = 907;

/// Stream capture wrong thread.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_WRONG_THREAD: CUresult = 908;

/// The async operation timed out.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_TIMEOUT: CUresult = 909;

/// The graph update failed.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_GRAPH_EXEC_UPDATE_FAILURE: CUresult = 910;

/// External device error.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_EXTERNAL_DEVICE: CUresult = 911;

/// Invalid cluster size.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_CLUSTER_SIZE: CUresult = 912;

/// Function not loaded.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_LOADED: CUresult = 913;

/// Invalid resource type.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_RESOURCE_TYPE: CUresult = 914;

/// Invalid resource configuration.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_RESOURCE_CONFIGURATION: CUresult = 915;

/// An unknown internal error occurred.
pub const CUDA_ERROR_UNKNOWN: CUresult = 999;

// =========================================================================
// CUdevice_attribute — device property query keys
// =========================================================================

/// Device attribute identifiers passed to `cuDeviceGetAttribute`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(i32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUdevice_attribute {
    /// Maximum number of threads per block.
    MaxThreadsPerBlock = 1,
    /// Maximum x-dimension of a block.
    MaxBlockDimX = 2,
    /// Maximum y-dimension of a block.
    MaxBlockDimY = 3,
    /// Maximum z-dimension of a block.
    MaxBlockDimZ = 4,
    /// Maximum x-dimension of a grid.
    MaxGridDimX = 5,
    /// Maximum y-dimension of a grid.
    MaxGridDimY = 6,
    /// Maximum z-dimension of a grid.
    MaxGridDimZ = 7,
    /// Maximum shared memory available per block (bytes).
    MaxSharedMemoryPerBlock = 8,
    /// Total amount of constant memory on the device (bytes).
    TotalConstantMemory = 9,
    /// Warp size in threads.
    WarpSize = 10,
    /// Maximum pitch allowed by memory copies (bytes).
    MaxPitch = 11,
    /// Maximum number of 32-bit registers per block.
    MaxRegistersPerBlock = 12,
    /// Peak clock frequency in kHz.
    ClockRate = 13,
    /// Alignment requirement for textures.
    TextureAlignment = 14,
    /// Device can possibly copy memory and execute a kernel concurrently.
    GpuOverlap = 15,
    /// Number of multiprocessors on the device.
    MultiprocessorCount = 16,
    /// Whether there is a run-time limit on kernels.
    KernelExecTimeout = 17,
    /// Device is integrated (shares host memory).
    Integrated = 18,
    /// Device can map host memory with `cuMemHostAlloc` / `cuMemHostRegister`.
    CanMapHostMemory = 19,
    /// Compute mode: default, exclusive, prohibited, etc.
    ComputeMode = 20,
    /// Maximum 1D texture width.
    MaxTexture1DWidth = 21,
    /// Maximum 2D texture width.
    MaxTexture2DWidth = 22,
    /// Maximum 2D texture height.
    MaxTexture2DHeight = 23,
    /// Maximum 3D texture width.
    MaxTexture3DWidth = 24,
    /// Maximum 3D texture height.
    MaxTexture3DHeight = 25,
    /// Maximum 3D texture depth.
    MaxTexture3DDepth = 26,
    /// Maximum 2D layered texture width.
    MaxTexture2DLayeredWidth = 27,
    /// Maximum 2D layered texture height.
    MaxTexture2DLayeredHeight = 28,
    /// Maximum layers in a 2D layered texture.
    MaxTexture2DLayeredLayers = 29,
    /// Alignment requirement for surfaces.
    SurfaceAlignment = 30,
    /// Device can execute multiple kernels concurrently.
    ConcurrentKernels = 31,
    /// Device supports ECC memory.
    EccEnabled = 32,
    /// PCI bus ID of the device.
    PciBusId = 33,
    /// PCI device ID of the device.
    PciDeviceId = 34,
    /// Device is using TCC (Tesla Compute Cluster) driver model.
    TccDriver = 35,
    /// Peak memory clock frequency in kHz.
    MemoryClockRate = 36,
    /// Global memory bus width in bits.
    GlobalMemoryBusWidth = 37,
    /// Size of L2 cache in bytes.
    L2CacheSize = 38,
    /// Maximum resident threads per multiprocessor.
    MaxThreadsPerMultiprocessor = 39,
    /// Number of asynchronous engines.
    AsyncEngineCount = 40,
    /// Device shares a unified address space with the host.
    UnifiedAddressing = 41,
    /// Maximum 1D layered texture width.
    MaxTexture1DLayeredWidth = 42,
    /// Maximum layers in a 1D layered texture.
    MaxTexture1DLayeredLayers = 43,
    /// Maximum 2D texture width if CUDA 2D memory allocation is bound.
    MaxTexture2DGatherWidth = 44,
    /// Maximum 2D texture height if CUDA 2D memory allocation is bound.
    MaxTexture2DGatherHeight = 45,
    /// Alternate maximum 3D texture width.
    MaxTexture3DWidthAlt = 47,
    /// Alternate maximum 3D texture height.
    MaxTexture3DHeightAlt = 48,
    /// Alternate maximum 3D texture depth.
    MaxTexture3DDepthAlt = 49,
    /// PCI domain ID.
    PciDomainId = 50,
    /// Texture pitch alignment.
    TexturePitchAlignment = 51,
    /// Maximum 1D mipmapped texture width.
    MaxTexture1DMipmappedWidth2 = 52,
    /// Maximum width for a cubemap texture.
    MaxTextureCubemapWidth = 54,
    /// Maximum width for a cubemap layered texture.
    MaxTextureCubemapLayeredWidth = 55,
    /// Maximum layers in a cubemap layered texture.
    MaxTextureCubemapLayeredLayers = 56,
    /// Maximum 1D surface width.
    MaxSurface1DWidth = 57,
    /// Maximum 2D surface width.
    MaxSurface2DWidth = 58,
    /// Maximum 2D surface height.
    MaxSurface2DHeight = 59,
    /// Maximum 3D surface width.
    MaxSurface3DWidth = 60,
    /// Maximum 3D surface height.
    MaxSurface3DHeight = 61,
    /// Maximum 3D surface depth.
    MaxSurface3DDepth = 62,
    /// Maximum cubemap surface width.
    MaxSurfaceCubemapWidth = 63,
    /// Maximum 1D layered surface width.
    MaxSurface1DLayeredWidth = 64,
    /// Maximum layers in a 1D layered surface.
    MaxSurface1DLayeredLayers = 65,
    /// Maximum 2D layered surface width.
    MaxSurface2DLayeredWidth = 66,
    /// Maximum 2D layered surface height.
    MaxSurface2DLayeredHeight = 67,
    /// Maximum layers in a 2D layered surface.
    MaxSurface2DLayeredLayers = 68,
    /// Maximum cubemap layered surface width.
    MaxSurfaceCubemapLayeredWidth = 69,
    /// Maximum layers in a cubemap layered surface.
    MaxSurfaceCubemapLayeredLayers = 70,
    /// Maximum 1D linear texture width (deprecated).
    MaxTexture1DLinearWidth = 71,
    /// Maximum 2D linear texture width.
    MaxTexture2DLinearWidth = 72,
    /// Maximum 2D linear texture height.
    MaxTexture2DLinearHeight = 73,
    /// Maximum 2D linear texture pitch (bytes).
    MaxTexture2DLinearPitch = 74,
    /// Major compute capability version number.
    ComputeCapabilityMajor = 75,
    /// Minor compute capability version number.
    ComputeCapabilityMinor = 76,
    /// Maximum mipmapped 2D texture width.
    MaxTexture2DMipmappedWidth = 77,
    /// Maximum mipmapped 2D texture height.
    MaxTexture2DMipmappedHeight = 78,
    /// Maximum mipmapped 1D texture width.
    MaxTexture1DMipmappedWidth = 79,
    /// Device supports stream priorities.
    StreamPrioritiesSupported = 80,
    /// Maximum shared memory per multiprocessor (bytes).
    MaxSharedMemoryPerMultiprocessor = 81,
    /// Maximum registers per multiprocessor.
    MaxRegistersPerMultiprocessor = 82,
    /// Device supports managed memory.
    ManagedMemory = 83,
    /// Device is on a multi-GPU board.
    IsMultiGpuBoard = 84,
    /// Unique identifier for the multi-GPU board group.
    MultiGpuBoardGroupId = 85,
    /// Host-visible native-atomic support for float operations.
    HostNativeAtomicSupported = 86,
    /// Ratio of single-to-double precision performance.
    SingleToDoublePrecisionPerfRatio = 87,
    /// Device supports pageable memory access.
    PageableMemoryAccess = 88,
    /// Device can access host registered memory at the same virtual address.
    ConcurrentManagedAccess = 89,
    /// Device supports compute preemption.
    ComputePreemptionSupported = 90,
    /// Device can access host memory via pageable accesses.
    CanUseHostPointerForRegisteredMem = 91,
    /// Reserved attribute (CUDA internal, value 92).
    Reserved92 = 92,
    /// Reserved attribute (CUDA internal, value 93).
    Reserved93 = 93,
    /// Reserved attribute (CUDA internal, value 94).
    Reserved94 = 94,
    /// Device supports cooperative kernel launches.
    CooperativeLaunch = 95,
    /// Device supports cooperative kernel launches across multiple GPUs.
    CooperativeMultiDeviceLaunch = 96,
    /// Maximum optin shared memory per block.
    MaxSharedMemoryPerBlockOptin = 97,
    /// Device supports flushing of outstanding remote writes.
    CanFlushRemoteWrites = 98,
    /// Device supports host-side memory-register functions.
    HostRegisterSupported = 99,
    /// Device supports pageable memory access using host page tables.
    PageableMemoryAccessUsesHostPageTables = 100,
    /// Device supports direct access to managed memory on the host.
    DirectManagedMemAccessFromHost = 101,
    /// Device supports virtual memory management APIs.
    VirtualMemoryManagementSupported = 102,
    /// Device supports handle-type POSIX file descriptors for IPC.
    HandleTypePosixFileDescriptorSupported = 103,
    /// Device supports handle-type Win32 handles for IPC.
    HandleTypeWin32HandleSupported = 104,
    /// Device supports handle-type Win32 KMT handles for IPC.
    HandleTypeWin32KmtHandleSupported = 105,
    /// Maximum blocks per multiprocessor.
    MaxBlocksPerMultiprocessor = 106,
    /// Device supports generic compression for memory.
    GenericCompressionSupported = 107,
    /// Maximum persisting L2 cache size (bytes).
    MaxPersistingL2CacheSize = 108,
    /// Maximum access-policy window size for L2 cache.
    MaxAccessPolicyWindowSize = 109,
    /// Device supports RDMA APIs via `cuMemRangeGetAttribute`.
    GpuDirectRdmaWithCudaVmmSupported = 110,
    /// Free memory / total memory on the device accessible via `cuMemGetInfo`.
    AccessPolicyMaxWindowSize = 111,
    /// Reserved range of shared memory per SM (bytes).
    ReservedSharedMemoryPerBlock = 112,
    /// Device supports timeline semaphore interop.
    TimelineSemaphoreInteropSupported = 113,
    /// Device supports memory pools (`cudaMallocAsync`).
    MemoryPoolsSupported = 115,
    /// GPU direct RDMA is supported.
    GpuDirectRdmaSupported = 116,
    /// GPU direct RDMA flush-writes order.
    GpuDirectRdmaFlushWritesOptions = 117,
    /// GPU direct RDMA writes ordering.
    GpuDirectRdmaWritesOrdering = 118,
    /// Memory pool supported handle types.
    MemoryPoolSupportedHandleTypes = 119,
    /// Device supports cluster launch.
    ClusterLaunch = 120,
    /// Deferred mapping CUDA array supported.
    DeferredMappingCudaArraySupported = 121,
    /// Device supports IPC event handles.
    IpcEventSupported = 122,
    /// Device supports mem-sync domain count.
    MemSyncDomainCount = 123,
    /// Device supports tensor-map access to data.
    TensorMapAccessSupported = 124,
    /// Unified function pointers supported.
    UnifiedFunctionPointers = 125,
    /// NUMA config.
    NumaConfig = 127,
    /// NUMA id.
    NumaId = 128,
    /// Multicast supported.
    /// Device supports getting the minimum required per-block shared memory
    /// for a cooperative launch via the extended attributes.
    MaxTimelineSemaphoreInteropSupported = 129,
    /// Device supports memory sync domain operations.
    MemSyncDomainSupported = 130,
    /// Device supports GPU-Direct Fabric.
    GpuDirectRdmaFabricSupported = 131,
    /// Device supports multicast.
    MulticastSupported = 132,
    /// Device supports MPS features.
    MpsEnabled = 133,
    /// Host-NUMA identifier.
    HostNumaId = 134,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUjit_option — options for the JIT compiler
// =========================================================================

/// JIT compilation options passed to `cuModuleLoadDataEx` and related functions.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUjit_option {
    /// Maximum number of registers that a thread may use.
    MaxRegisters = 0,
    /// Number of threads per block for the JIT target.
    ThreadsPerBlock = 1,
    /// Wall-clock time (ms) for compilation.
    WallTime = 2,
    /// Pointer to a buffer for info log output.
    InfoLogBuffer = 3,
    /// Size (bytes) of the info-log buffer.
    InfoLogBufferSizeBytes = 4,
    /// Pointer to a buffer for error log output.
    ErrorLogBuffer = 5,
    /// Size (bytes) of the error-log buffer.
    ErrorLogBufferSizeBytes = 6,
    /// Optimisation level (0-4).
    OptimizationLevel = 7,
    /// Determines the target based on the current attached context.
    TargetFromCuContext = 8,
    /// Specific compute target (sm_XX).
    Target = 9,
    /// Fallback strategy when exact match is not found.
    FallbackStrategy = 10,
    /// Specifies whether to generate debug info.
    GenerateDebugInfo = 11,
    /// Generate verbose log messages.
    LogVerbose = 12,
    /// Generate line-number information.
    GenerateLineInfo = 13,
    /// Cache mode (on / off).
    CacheMode = 14,
    /// (Internal) New SM3X option.
    Sm3xOpt = 15,
    /// Fast compile flag.
    FastCompile = 16,
    /// Global symbol names.
    GlobalSymbolNames = 17,
    /// Global symbol addresses.
    GlobalSymbolAddresses = 18,
    /// Number of global symbols.
    GlobalSymbolCount = 19,
    /// LTO flag.
    Lto = 20,
    /// FTZ (flush-to-zero) flag.
    Ftz = 21,
    /// Prec-div flag.
    PrecDiv = 22,
    /// Prec-sqrt flag.
    PrecSqrt = 23,
    /// FMA flag.
    Fma = 24,
    /// Referenced kernel names.
    ReferencedKernelNames = 25,
    /// Referenced kernel count.
    ReferencedKernelCount = 26,
    /// Referenced variable names.
    ReferencedVariableNames = 27,
    /// Referenced variable count.
    ReferencedVariableCount = 28,
    /// Optimise unused device variables.
    OptimizeUnusedDeviceVariables = 29,
    /// Position-independent code.
    PositionIndependentCode = 30,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUjitInputType — input types for the linker
// =========================================================================

/// Input types for `cuLinkAddData` / `cuLinkAddFile`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum CUjitInputType {
    /// PTX source code.
    Ptx = 1,
    /// Compiled device code (cubin).
    Cubin = 2,
    /// Fat binary bundle.
    Fatbin = 3,
    /// Relocatable device object.
    Object = 4,
    /// Device code library.
    Library = 5,
}

// =========================================================================
// Stream creation flags
// =========================================================================

/// Default stream creation flag (implicit synchronisation with the NULL stream).
pub const CU_STREAM_DEFAULT: u32 = 0;

/// Stream does not synchronise with the NULL stream.
pub const CU_STREAM_NON_BLOCKING: u32 = 1;

// =========================================================================
// Stream-ordered memory pool attributes (CUDA 11.2+)
// =========================================================================

/// Pool reuse policy: follow event dependencies before reusing a freed block.
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_REUSE_FOLLOW_EVENT_DEPENDENCIES: u32 = 1;

/// Pool reuse policy: allow opportunistic reuse without ordering guarantees.
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_REUSE_ALLOW_OPPORTUNISTIC: u32 = 2;

/// Pool reuse policy: allow the driver to insert internal dependencies for reuse.
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_REUSE_ALLOW_INTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES: u32 = 3;

/// Release threshold (bytes): memory returned to OS when usage drops below this.
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_RELEASE_THRESHOLD: u32 = 4;

/// Current reserved memory in bytes (read-only).
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_RESERVED_MEM_CURRENT: u32 = 5;

/// High-water mark of reserved memory in bytes (resettable).
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_RESERVED_MEM_HIGH: u32 = 6;

/// Current used memory in bytes (read-only).
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_USED_MEM_CURRENT: u32 = 7;

/// High-water mark of used memory in bytes (resettable).
pub const CU_MEMPOOL_ATTR_USED_MEM_HIGH: u32 = 8;

// =========================================================================
// Event creation flags
// =========================================================================

/// Default event creation flag.
pub const CU_EVENT_DEFAULT: u32 = 0;

/// Event uses blocking synchronisation.
pub const CU_EVENT_BLOCKING_SYNC: u32 = 1;

/// Event does not record timing data (faster).
pub const CU_EVENT_DISABLE_TIMING: u32 = 2;

/// Event may be used as an interprocess event.
pub const CU_EVENT_INTERPROCESS: u32 = 4;

// =========================================================================
// Memory-attach flags (for managed / mapped memory)
// =========================================================================

/// Memory is accessible from any stream on any device.
pub const CU_MEM_ATTACH_GLOBAL: u32 = 1;

/// Memory is initially accessible only from the allocating stream/host.
pub const CU_MEM_ATTACH_HOST: u32 = 2;

/// Memory is initially accessible only from a single stream.
pub const CU_MEM_ATTACH_SINGLE: u32 = 4;

// =========================================================================
// cuMemHostRegister flags
// =========================================================================

/// Registered memory is portable across CUDA contexts.
pub const CU_MEMHOSTREGISTER_PORTABLE: u32 = 0x01;

/// Registered memory is mapped into the device address space.
pub const CU_MEMHOSTREGISTER_DEVICEMAP: u32 = 0x02;

/// Pointer is to I/O memory (not system RAM).
pub const CU_MEMHOSTREGISTER_IOMEMORY: u32 = 0x04;

/// Registered memory will not be written by the GPU (read-only).
pub const CU_MEMHOSTREGISTER_READ_ONLY: u32 = 0x08;

// =========================================================================
// cuPointerGetAttribute attribute codes
// =========================================================================

/// Query the CUDA context associated with a pointer.
pub const CU_POINTER_ATTRIBUTE_CONTEXT: u32 = 1;

/// Query the memory type (host / device / unified) of a pointer.
pub const CU_POINTER_ATTRIBUTE_MEMORY_TYPE: u32 = 2;

/// Query the device pointer corresponding to a host pointer.
pub const CU_POINTER_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE_POINTER: u32 = 3;

/// Query the host pointer corresponding to a device pointer.
pub const CU_POINTER_ATTRIBUTE_HOST_POINTER: u32 = 4;

/// Query whether the memory is managed (unified).
pub const CU_POINTER_ATTRIBUTE_IS_MANAGED: u32 = 7;

// =========================================================================
// CU_MEMORYTYPE values (returned by pointer attribute queries)
// =========================================================================

/// Host (system) memory.
pub const CU_MEMORYTYPE_HOST: u32 = 1;

/// Device (GPU) memory.
pub const CU_MEMORYTYPE_DEVICE: u32 = 2;

/// Array memory.
pub const CU_MEMORYTYPE_ARRAY: u32 = 3;

/// Unified (managed) memory.
pub const CU_MEMORYTYPE_UNIFIED: u32 = 4;

// =========================================================================
// Context scheduling flags
// =========================================================================

/// The driver picks the most appropriate scheduling mode.
pub const CU_CTX_SCHED_AUTO: u32 = 0;

/// Actively spin when waiting for results from the GPU.
pub const CU_CTX_SCHED_SPIN: u32 = 1;

/// Yield the CPU when waiting for results from the GPU.
pub const CU_CTX_SCHED_YIELD: u32 = 2;

/// Block the calling thread when waiting for results.
pub const CU_CTX_SCHED_BLOCKING_SYNC: u32 = 4;

/// Mask for the scheduling flags.
pub const CU_CTX_SCHED_MASK: u32 = 0x07;

/// Support mapped pinned allocations.
pub const CU_CTX_MAP_HOST: u32 = 0x08;

/// Keep local memory allocation after launch.
pub const CU_CTX_LMEM_RESIZE_TO_MAX: u32 = 0x10;

/// Coredump enable.
pub const CU_CTX_COREDUMP_ENABLE: u32 = 0x20;

/// User coredump enable.
pub const CU_CTX_USER_COREDUMP_ENABLE: u32 = 0x40;

/// Sync-memops flag.
pub const CU_CTX_SYNC_MEMOPS: u32 = 0x80;

/// Mask for all context flags.
pub const CU_CTX_FLAGS_MASK: u32 = 0xFF;

// =========================================================================
// Function attribute values (used with cuFuncGetAttribute)
// =========================================================================

/// Maximum threads per block for this function.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_THREADS_PER_BLOCK: i32 = 0;

/// Shared memory used by this function (bytes).
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_SHARED_SIZE_BYTES: i32 = 1;

/// Size of user-allocated constant memory (bytes).
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_CONST_SIZE_BYTES: i32 = 2;

/// Size of local memory used by each thread (bytes).
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_LOCAL_SIZE_BYTES: i32 = 3;

/// Number of registers used by each thread.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_NUM_REGS: i32 = 4;

/// PTX virtual architecture version (e.g. 70 for sm_70).
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_PTX_VERSION: i32 = 5;

/// Binary architecture version (e.g. 70 for sm_70).
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_BINARY_VERSION: i32 = 6;

/// Whether this function has been cached.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_CACHE_MODE_CA: i32 = 7;

/// Maximum dynamic shared memory size (bytes).
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_DYNAMIC_SHARED_SIZE_BYTES: i32 = 8;

/// Preferred shared memory carve-out.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_PREFERRED_SHARED_MEMORY_CARVEOUT: i32 = 9;

/// Cluster size setting.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_CLUSTER_SIZE_MUST_BE_SET: i32 = 10;

/// Required cluster width.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_REQUIRED_CLUSTER_WIDTH: i32 = 11;

/// Required cluster height.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_REQUIRED_CLUSTER_HEIGHT: i32 = 12;

/// Required cluster depth.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_REQUIRED_CLUSTER_DEPTH: i32 = 13;

/// Non-portable cluster size allowed.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_NON_PORTABLE_CLUSTER_SIZE_ALLOWED: i32 = 14;

/// Required cluster scheduling policy preference.
pub const CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_CLUSTER_SCHEDULING_POLICY_PREFERENCE: i32 = 15;

// =========================================================================
// Memory advise values
// =========================================================================

/// Hint that the data will be read mostly.
pub const CU_MEM_ADVISE_SET_READ_MOSTLY: u32 = 1;

/// Unset read-mostly hint.
pub const CU_MEM_ADVISE_UNSET_READ_MOSTLY: u32 = 2;

/// Set the preferred location to the specified device.
pub const CU_MEM_ADVISE_SET_PREFERRED_LOCATION: u32 = 3;

/// Unset the preferred location.
pub const CU_MEM_ADVISE_UNSET_PREFERRED_LOCATION: u32 = 4;

/// Set access from the specified device.
pub const CU_MEM_ADVISE_SET_ACCESSED_BY: u32 = 5;

/// Unset access from the specified device.
pub const CU_MEM_ADVISE_UNSET_ACCESSED_BY: u32 = 6;

// =========================================================================
// Limit values (cuCtxSetLimit / cuCtxGetLimit)
// =========================================================================

/// Stack size for each GPU thread.
pub const CU_LIMIT_STACK_SIZE: u32 = 0;

/// Size of the printf FIFO.
pub const CU_LIMIT_PRINTF_FIFO_SIZE: u32 = 1;

/// Size of the heap used by `malloc()` on the device.
pub const CU_LIMIT_MALLOC_HEAP_SIZE: u32 = 2;

/// Maximum nesting depth of a device runtime launch.
pub const CU_LIMIT_DEV_RUNTIME_SYNC_DEPTH: u32 = 3;

/// Maximum number of outstanding device runtime launches.
pub const CU_LIMIT_DEV_RUNTIME_PENDING_LAUNCH_COUNT: u32 = 4;

/// L2 cache fetch granularity.
pub const CU_LIMIT_MAX_L2_FETCH_GRANULARITY: u32 = 5;

/// Maximum persisting L2 cache size.
pub const CU_LIMIT_PERSISTING_L2_CACHE_SIZE: u32 = 6;

// =========================================================================
// Occupancy flags
// =========================================================================

/// Default occupancy calculation.
pub const CU_OCCUPANCY_DEFAULT: u32 = 0;

/// Disable caching override.
pub const CU_OCCUPANCY_DISABLE_CACHING_OVERRIDE: u32 = 1;

// =========================================================================
// cuLaunchKernelEx cluster launch types (CUDA 12.x)
// =========================================================================

/// Attribute identifier for `CuLaunchAttribute`.
///
/// Controls which extended kernel launch feature is configured.
/// Used with `cuLaunchKernelEx` (CUDA 12.0+).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
pub enum CuLaunchAttributeId {
    /// Controls whether shared memory reuse is ignored.
    IgnoreSharedMemoryReuse = 1,
    /// Specifies thread block cluster dimensions (sm_90+).
    ClusterDimension = 2,
    /// Controls cluster scheduling policy preference.
    ClusterSchedulingPolicyPreference = 3,
    /// Enables programmatic stream serialization.
    ProgrammaticStreamSerialization = 4,
    /// Specifies a programmatic completion event.
    ProgrammaticEvent = 5,
    /// Specifies kernel launch priority.
    Priority = 6,
    /// Maps memory synchronization domains.
    MemSyncDomainMap = 7,
    /// Sets memory synchronization domain.
    MemSyncDomain = 8,
    /// Specifies a launch completion event.
    LaunchCompletionEvent = 9,
    /// Configures device-updatable kernel node.
    DeviceUpdatableKernelNode = 10,
}

/// Cluster dimension for thread block clusters (sm_90+).
///
/// Specifies how many thread blocks form one cluster in each dimension.
/// Used inside [`CuLaunchAttributeValue`] when the attribute id is
/// [`CuLaunchAttributeId::ClusterDimension`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CuLaunchAttributeClusterDim {
    /// Cluster extent in X dimension.
    pub x: u32,
    /// Cluster extent in Y dimension.
    pub y: u32,
    /// Cluster extent in Z dimension.
    pub z: u32,
}

/// Value union for `CuLaunchAttribute`.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// This is a C union — callers must only read the field that matches
/// the accompanying [`CuLaunchAttributeId`] discriminant.
/// Padding ensures the union is always 64 bytes, matching the CUDA ABI.
#[repr(C)]
pub union CuLaunchAttributeValue {
    /// Cluster dimension configuration (when id == `ClusterDimension`).
    pub cluster_dim: CuLaunchAttributeClusterDim,
    /// Scalar u32 value (for single-word attributes).
    pub value_u32: u32,
    /// Raw padding to maintain 64-byte ABI alignment.
    pub pad: [u8; 64],
}

// Manual Clone/Copy for the union (derive cannot handle unions with non-Copy
// fields, but all union fields here are effectively POD).
// `Copy` is declared first so that the `Clone` impl can delegate to it.
impl Copy for CuLaunchAttributeValue {}

impl Clone for CuLaunchAttributeValue {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        // Delegate to Copy — canonical approach for Copy types.
        *self
    }
}

/// A single extended kernel launch attribute (id + value pair).
///
/// Used in the `attrs` array of [`CuLaunchConfig`].
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
pub struct CuLaunchAttribute {
    /// Which feature this attribute configures.
    pub id: CuLaunchAttributeId,
    /// Alignment padding (must be zero).
    pub pad: [u8; 4],
    /// The attribute value — interpret according to `id`.
    pub value: CuLaunchAttributeValue,
}

/// Extended kernel launch configuration for `cuLaunchKernelEx` (CUDA 12.0+).
///
/// Supersedes the individual parameters of `cuLaunchKernel` and adds
/// support for thread block clusters, launch priorities, and other
/// CUDA 12.x features.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// use oxicuda_driver::ffi::{
///     CuLaunchConfig, CuLaunchAttribute, CuLaunchAttributeId,
///     CuLaunchAttributeValue, CuLaunchAttributeClusterDim, CUstream,
/// };
///
/// // Build a cluster-launch config for a 2×1×1 cluster.
/// let cluster_attr = CuLaunchAttribute {
///     id: CuLaunchAttributeId::ClusterDimension,
///     pad: [0u8; 4],
///     value: CuLaunchAttributeValue {
///         cluster_dim: CuLaunchAttributeClusterDim { x: 2, y: 1, z: 1 },
///     },
/// };
/// let _config = CuLaunchConfig {
///     grid_dim_x: 8,
///     grid_dim_y: 1,
///     grid_dim_z: 1,
///     block_dim_x: 256,
///     block_dim_y: 1,
///     block_dim_z: 1,
///     shared_mem_bytes: 0,
///     stream: CUstream::default(),
///     attrs: std::ptr::null(),
///     num_attrs: 0,
/// };
/// ```
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CuLaunchConfig {
    /// Grid dimension in X.
    pub grid_dim_x: u32,
    /// Grid dimension in Y.
    pub grid_dim_y: u32,
    /// Grid dimension in Z.
    pub grid_dim_z: u32,
    /// Block dimension in X (threads per block in X).
    pub block_dim_x: u32,
    /// Block dimension in Y.
    pub block_dim_y: u32,
    /// Block dimension in Z.
    pub block_dim_z: u32,
    /// Dynamic shared memory per block in bytes.
    pub shared_mem_bytes: u32,
    /// Stream to submit the kernel on.
    pub stream: CUstream,
    /// Pointer to an array of `num_attrs` attributes (may be null if zero).
    pub attrs: *const CuLaunchAttribute,
    /// Number of entries in `attrs`.
    pub num_attrs: u32,
}

// SAFETY: CuLaunchConfig is a plain data structure mirroring the CUDA ABI.
// The raw pointer `attrs` must be valid for the lifetime of the config, but
// the struct itself is Send + Sync because no interior mutation occurs.
unsafe impl Send for CuLaunchConfig {}
unsafe impl Sync for CuLaunchConfig {}

// =========================================================================
// CUarray / CUmipmappedArray — opaque CUDA array handles
// =========================================================================

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA array (1-D, 2-D, or 3-D texture memory).
    ///
    /// Allocated by `cuArrayCreate_v2` / `cuArray3DCreate_v2` and freed by
    /// `cuArrayDestroy`. Arrays can be bound to texture objects via
    /// [`CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC`].
    CUarray
}

define_handle! {
    /// Opaque handle to a CUDA mipmapped array (Mip-mapped texture memory).
    ///
    /// Allocated by `cuMipmappedArrayCreate` and freed by
    /// `cuMipmappedArrayDestroy`.
    CUmipmappedArray
}

// =========================================================================
// CUarray_format — channel element format for CUDA arrays
// =========================================================================

/// Element format for CUDA arrays.  Mirrors `CUarray_format_enum` in the
/// CUDA driver API header.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUarray_format {
    /// 8-bit unsigned integer channel.
    UnsignedInt8 = 0x01,
    /// 16-bit unsigned integer channel.
    UnsignedInt16 = 0x02,
    /// 32-bit unsigned integer channel.
    UnsignedInt32 = 0x03,
    /// 8-bit signed integer channel.
    SignedInt8 = 0x08,
    /// 16-bit signed integer channel.
    SignedInt16 = 0x09,
    /// 32-bit signed integer channel.
    SignedInt32 = 0x0a,
    /// 16-bit IEEE 754 half-precision float channel.
    Half = 0x10,
    /// 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision float channel.
    Float = 0x20,
    /// NV12 planar YUV format (special 2-plane layout).
    Nv12 = 0xb0,
    /// 8-bit unsigned normalized integer (1 channel).
    UnormInt8X1 = 0xc0,
    /// 8-bit unsigned normalized integer (2 channels).
    UnormInt8X2 = 0xc1,
    /// 8-bit unsigned normalized integer (4 channels).
    UnormInt8X4 = 0xc2,
    /// 16-bit unsigned normalized integer (1 channel).
    UnormInt16X1 = 0xc3,
    /// 16-bit unsigned normalized integer (2 channels).
    UnormInt16X2 = 0xc4,
    /// 16-bit unsigned normalized integer (4 channels).
    UnormInt16X4 = 0xc5,
    /// 8-bit signed normalized integer (1 channel).
    SnormInt8X1 = 0xc6,
    /// 8-bit signed normalized integer (2 channels).
    SnormInt8X2 = 0xc7,
    /// 8-bit signed normalized integer (4 channels).
    SnormInt8X4 = 0xc8,
    /// 16-bit signed normalized integer (1 channel).
    SnormInt16X1 = 0xc9,
    /// 16-bit signed normalized integer (2 channels).
    SnormInt16X2 = 0xca,
    /// 16-bit signed normalized integer (4 channels).
    SnormInt16X4 = 0xcb,
    /// BC1 compressed (DXT1) unsigned.
    Bc1Unorm = 0x91,
    /// BC1 compressed (DXT1) unsigned, sRGB.
    Bc1UnormSrgb = 0x92,
    /// BC2 compressed (DXT3) unsigned.
    Bc2Unorm = 0x93,
    /// BC2 compressed (DXT3) unsigned, sRGB.
    Bc2UnormSrgb = 0x94,
    /// BC3 compressed (DXT5) unsigned.
    Bc3Unorm = 0x95,
    /// BC3 compressed (DXT5) unsigned, sRGB.
    Bc3UnormSrgb = 0x96,
    /// BC4 unsigned.
    Bc4Unorm = 0x97,
    /// BC4 signed.
    Bc4Snorm = 0x98,
    /// BC5 unsigned.
    Bc5Unorm = 0x99,
    /// BC5 signed.
    Bc5Snorm = 0x9a,
    /// BC6H unsigned 16-bit float.
    Bc6hUf16 = 0x9b,
    /// BC6H signed 16-bit float.
    Bc6hSf16 = 0x9c,
    /// BC7 unsigned.
    Bc7Unorm = 0x9d,
    /// BC7 unsigned, sRGB.
    Bc7UnormSrgb = 0x9e,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUresourcetype — resource type for texture/surface objects
// =========================================================================

/// Resource type discriminant for [`CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum CUresourcetype {
    /// CUDA array resource.
    Array = 0x00,
    /// CUDA mipmapped array resource.
    MipmappedArray = 0x01,
    /// Linear memory resource (1-D, no filtering beyond point).
    Linear = 0x02,
    /// Pitched 2-D linear memory resource.
    Pitch2d = 0x03,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUaddress_mode — texture coordinate wrapping mode
// =========================================================================

/// Texture coordinate address-wrap mode for [`CUDA_TEXTURE_DESC`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUaddress_mode {
    /// Wrap (tiles) — coordinates outside [0, dim) wrap around.
    Wrap = 0,
    /// Clamp — coordinates are clamped to [0, dim-1].
    Clamp = 1,
    /// Mirror — coordinates are mirrored across array boundaries.
    Mirror = 2,
    /// Border — out-of-range coordinates return the border color.
    Border = 3,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUfilter_mode — texture / mipmap filtering mode
// =========================================================================

/// Texture / mipmap sampling filter mode for [`CUDA_TEXTURE_DESC`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub enum CUfilter_mode {
    /// Nearest-neighbor (point) sampling.
    Point = 0,
    /// Bilinear (linear) filtering.
    Linear = 1,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUresourceViewFormat — re-interpretation format for resource views
// =========================================================================

/// Format used to re-interpret a CUDA array in a resource view.
///
/// Mirrors `CUresourceViewFormat_enum` in the CUDA driver API header.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(u32)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum CUresourceViewFormat {
    /// No re-interpretation (use the array's own format).
    None = 0x00,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×8-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint1x8 = 0x01,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×8-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint2x8 = 0x02,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×8-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint4x8 = 0x03,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×8-bit signed integer.
    Sint1x8 = 0x04,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×8-bit signed integer.
    Sint2x8 = 0x05,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×8-bit signed integer.
    Sint4x8 = 0x06,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×16-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint1x16 = 0x07,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×16-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint2x16 = 0x08,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×16-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint4x16 = 0x09,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×16-bit signed integer.
    Sint1x16 = 0x0a,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×16-bit signed integer.
    Sint2x16 = 0x0b,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×16-bit signed integer.
    Sint4x16 = 0x0c,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×32-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint1x32 = 0x0d,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×32-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint2x32 = 0x0e,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×32-bit unsigned integer.
    Uint4x32 = 0x0f,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×32-bit signed integer.
    Sint1x32 = 0x10,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×32-bit signed integer.
    Sint2x32 = 0x11,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×32-bit signed integer.
    Sint4x32 = 0x12,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×16-bit float.
    Float1x16 = 0x13,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×16-bit float.
    Float2x16 = 0x14,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×16-bit float.
    Float4x16 = 0x15,
    /// Re-interpret as 1×32-bit float.
    Float1x32 = 0x16,
    /// Re-interpret as 2×32-bit float.
    Float2x32 = 0x17,
    /// Re-interpret as 4×32-bit float.
    Float4x32 = 0x18,
    /// BC1 unsigned normal compressed.
    UnsignedBc1 = 0x19,
    /// BC2 unsigned normal compressed.
    UnsignedBc2 = 0x1a,
    /// BC3 unsigned normal compressed.
    UnsignedBc3 = 0x1b,
    /// BC4 unsigned normal compressed.
    UnsignedBc4 = 0x1c,
    /// BC4 signed normal compressed.
    SignedBc4 = 0x1d,
    /// BC5 unsigned normal compressed.
    UnsignedBc5 = 0x1e,
    /// BC5 signed normal compressed.
    SignedBc5 = 0x1f,
    /// BC6H unsigned half-float.
    UnsignedBc6h = 0x20,
    /// BC6H signed half-float.
    SignedBc6h = 0x21,
    /// BC7 unsigned.
    UnsignedBc7 = 0x22,
    /// NV12 planar YUV.
    Nv12 = 0x23,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUDA_ARRAY_DESCRIPTOR — descriptor for 1-D and 2-D CUDA arrays
// =========================================================================

/// Descriptor passed to `cuArrayCreate_v2` / `cuArrayGetDescriptor_v2`.
///
/// Mirrors `CUDA_ARRAY_DESCRIPTOR_v2` in the CUDA driver API.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CUDA_ARRAY_DESCRIPTOR {
    /// Width of the array in elements.
    pub width: usize,
    /// Height of the array in elements (0 for 1-D arrays).
    pub height: usize,
    /// Element format (data type of each channel).
    pub format: CUarray_format,
    /// Number of channels (1, 2, or 4).
    pub num_channels: u32,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUDA_ARRAY3D_DESCRIPTOR — descriptor for 3-D CUDA arrays
// =========================================================================

/// Descriptor passed to `cuArray3DCreate_v2` / `cuArray3DGetDescriptor_v2`.
///
/// Mirrors `CUDA_ARRAY3D_DESCRIPTOR_v2` in the CUDA driver API.  The `flags`
/// field accepts constants such as `CUDA_ARRAY3D_LAYERED` (0x01),
/// `CUDA_ARRAY3D_SURFACE_LDST` (0x02), `CUDA_ARRAY3D_CUBEMAP` (0x04), and
/// `CUDA_ARRAY3D_TEXTURE_GATHER` (0x08).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CUDA_ARRAY3D_DESCRIPTOR {
    /// Width of the array in elements.
    pub width: usize,
    /// Height of the array in elements (0 for 1-D arrays).
    pub height: usize,
    /// Depth of the array in elements (0 for 1-D and 2-D arrays).
    pub depth: usize,
    /// Element format.
    pub format: CUarray_format,
    /// Number of channels (1, 2, or 4).
    pub num_channels: u32,
    /// Creation flags (see [`CUDA_ARRAY3D_LAYERED`] etc.).
    pub flags: u32,
}

/// Flag: allocate a layered CUDA array (`CUDA_ARRAY3D_LAYERED`).
pub const CUDA_ARRAY3D_LAYERED: u32 = 0x01;
/// Flag: array usable as a surface load/store target (`CUDA_ARRAY3D_SURFACE_LDST`).
pub const CUDA_ARRAY3D_SURFACE_LDST: u32 = 0x02;
/// Flag: allocate a cubemap array (`CUDA_ARRAY3D_CUBEMAP`).
pub const CUDA_ARRAY3D_CUBEMAP: u32 = 0x04;
/// Flag: array usable with `cudaTextureGather` (`CUDA_ARRAY3D_TEXTURE_GATHER`).
pub const CUDA_ARRAY3D_TEXTURE_GATHER: u32 = 0x08;

// =========================================================================
// CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC — resource descriptor union for tex/surf objects
// =========================================================================

/// Inner data for an `Array` resource (variant of [`CudaResourceDescRes`]).
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CudaResourceDescArray {
    /// CUDA array handle.
    pub h_array: CUarray,
}

/// Inner data for a `MipmappedArray` resource.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CudaResourceDescMipmap {
    /// Mipmapped array handle.
    pub h_mipmapped_array: CUmipmappedArray,
}

/// Inner data for a `Linear` (1-D linear memory) resource.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CudaResourceDescLinear {
    /// Device pointer to the linear region.
    pub dev_ptr: CUdeviceptr,
    /// Channel element format.
    pub format: CUarray_format,
    /// Number of channels.
    pub num_channels: u32,
    /// Total size in bytes.
    pub size_in_bytes: usize,
}

/// Inner data for a `Pitch2D` (2-D pitched linear memory) resource.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CudaResourceDescPitch2d {
    /// Device pointer to the pitched region (first row).
    pub dev_ptr: CUdeviceptr,
    /// Channel element format.
    pub format: CUarray_format,
    /// Number of channels.
    pub num_channels: u32,
    /// Width of the array in elements.
    pub width_in_elements: usize,
    /// Height of the array in elements.
    pub height: usize,
    /// Row pitch in bytes (stride between rows).
    pub pitch_in_bytes: usize,
}

/// Union of resource descriptors for [`CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC`].
///
/// # Safety
///
/// Callers must only read the field whose discriminant matches the
/// `res_type` field of the enclosing [`CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC`].
#[repr(C)]
pub union CudaResourceDescRes {
    /// Array resource.
    pub array: CudaResourceDescArray,
    /// Mipmapped array resource.
    pub mipmap: CudaResourceDescMipmap,
    /// 1-D linear memory resource.
    pub linear: CudaResourceDescLinear,
    /// 2-D pitched linear memory resource.
    pub pitch2d: CudaResourceDescPitch2d,
    /// Padding: ensures the union is 128 bytes (32 × i32), matching the ABI.
    pub reserved: [i32; 32],
}

/// Resource descriptor passed to `cuTexObjectCreate` / `cuSurfObjectCreate`.
///
/// Mirrors `CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC` in the CUDA driver API header.
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC {
    /// Identifies which union field inside `res` is valid.
    pub res_type: CUresourcetype,
    /// Resource payload — interpret via `res_type`.
    pub res: CudaResourceDescRes,
    /// Reserved flags (must be zero).
    pub flags: u32,
}

// =========================================================================
// CUDA_TEXTURE_DESC — texture object sampling parameters
// =========================================================================

/// Texture object descriptor passed to `cuTexObjectCreate`.
///
/// Mirrors `CUDA_TEXTURE_DESC` in the CUDA driver API.  All fields that the
/// caller does not set explicitly should be zeroed.
///
/// # Layout
///
/// The struct is `#[repr(C)]` and contains 64 bytes of reserved padding so
/// that it matches the binary ABI expected by the driver.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CUDA_TEXTURE_DESC {
    /// Address mode for each coordinate dimension (`[U, V, W]`).
    pub address_mode: [CUaddress_mode; 3],
    /// Texture filter mode (point or linear).
    pub filter_mode: CUfilter_mode,
    /// Flags: bit 0 = `CU_TRSF_READ_AS_INTEGER`, bit 1 = `CU_TRSF_NORMALIZED_COORDINATES`,
    /// bit 2 = `CU_TRSF_SRGB`, bit 3 = `CU_TRSF_DISABLE_TRILINEAR_OPTIMIZATION`.
    pub flags: u32,
    /// Maximum anisotropy ratio (1–16; 1 disables anisotropy).
    pub max_anisotropy: u32,
    /// Mipmap filter mode.
    pub mipmap_filter_mode: CUfilter_mode,
    /// Mipmap level-of-detail bias.
    pub mipmap_level_bias: f32,
    /// Minimum mipmap LOD clamp value.
    pub min_mipmap_level_clamp: f32,
    /// Maximum mipmap LOD clamp value.
    pub max_mipmap_level_clamp: f32,
    /// Border color (RGBA, applied when address mode is `Border`).
    pub border_color: [f32; 4],
    /// Reserved: must be zero.
    pub reserved: [i32; 12],
}

/// Flag: texture reads return raw integers (no type conversion).
pub const CU_TRSF_READ_AS_INTEGER: u32 = 0x01;
/// Flag: texture coordinates are normalized to [0, 1).
pub const CU_TRSF_NORMALIZED_COORDINATES: u32 = 0x02;
/// Flag: sRGB gamma encoding is applied during sampling.
pub const CU_TRSF_SRGB: u32 = 0x10;
/// Flag: disable hardware trilinear optimisation.
pub const CU_TRSF_DISABLE_TRILINEAR_OPTIMIZATION: u32 = 0x20;

// =========================================================================
// CUDA_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC — optional re-interpretation of array resources
// =========================================================================

/// Optional resource view descriptor for `cuTexObjectCreate`.
///
/// Allows the caller to specify a sub-region, a different channel
/// interpretation format, or a mipmap range for a [`CUDA_RESOURCE_DESC`] that
/// wraps a CUDA array.  Pass a null pointer to `cuTexObjectCreate` to skip the
/// view override.
///
/// Mirrors `CUDA_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC` in the CUDA driver API.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct CUDA_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC {
    /// Format to use for the resource view (re-interpretation).
    pub format: CUresourceViewFormat,
    /// Width of the view in elements.
    pub width: usize,
    /// Height of the view in elements.
    pub height: usize,
    /// Depth of the view in elements.
    pub depth: usize,
    /// First mipmap level included in the view.
    pub first_mipmap_level: u32,
    /// Last mipmap level included in the view.
    pub last_mipmap_level: u32,
    /// First array layer in a layered resource.
    pub first_layer: u32,
    /// Last array layer in a layered resource.
    pub last_layer: u32,
    /// Reserved: must be zero.
    pub reserved: [u32; 16],
}

// =========================================================================
// Tests
// =========================================================================

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_cuda_success_is_zero() {
        assert_eq!(CUDA_SUCCESS, 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_opaque_types_are_pointer_sized() {
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUcontext>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUmodule>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUstream>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUevent>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUfunction>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUmemoryPool>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_handle_default_is_null() {
        assert!(CUcontext::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUmodule::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUfunction::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUstream::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUevent::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUmemoryPool::default().is_null());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_device_attribute_repr() {
        // Original variants
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxThreadsPerBlock as i32, 1);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::WarpSize as i32, 10);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MultiprocessorCount as i32, 16);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::ComputeCapabilityMajor as i32, 75);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::ComputeCapabilityMinor as i32, 76);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxBlocksPerMultiprocessor as i32, 106);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::L2CacheSize as i32, 38);
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::MaxSharedMemoryPerMultiprocessor as i32,
            81
        );
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::ManagedMemory as i32, 83);

        // New variants
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxTexture2DGatherWidth as i32, 44);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxTexture2DGatherHeight as i32, 45);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxTexture3DWidthAlt as i32, 47);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxTexture3DHeightAlt as i32, 48);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxTexture3DDepthAlt as i32, 49);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MaxTexture1DMipmappedWidth2 as i32, 52);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::Reserved92 as i32, 92);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::Reserved93 as i32, 93);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::Reserved94 as i32, 94);
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::VirtualMemoryManagementSupported as i32,
            102
        );
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::HandleTypePosixFileDescriptorSupported as i32,
            103
        );
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::HandleTypeWin32HandleSupported as i32,
            104
        );
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::HandleTypeWin32KmtHandleSupported as i32,
            105
        );
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::AccessPolicyMaxWindowSize as i32, 111);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::ReservedSharedMemoryPerBlock as i32, 112);
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::TimelineSemaphoreInteropSupported as i32,
            113
        );
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MemoryPoolsSupported as i32, 115);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::ClusterLaunch as i32, 120);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::UnifiedFunctionPointers as i32, 125);
        assert_eq!(
            CUdevice_attribute::MaxTimelineSemaphoreInteropSupported as i32,
            129
        );
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::MemSyncDomainSupported as i32, 130);
        assert_eq!(CUdevice_attribute::GpuDirectRdmaFabricSupported as i32, 131);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_jit_option_repr() {
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::MaxRegisters as u32, 0);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::ThreadsPerBlock as u32, 1);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::WallTime as u32, 2);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::InfoLogBuffer as u32, 3);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::InfoLogBufferSizeBytes as u32, 4);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::ErrorLogBuffer as u32, 5);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::ErrorLogBufferSizeBytes as u32, 6);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::OptimizationLevel as u32, 7);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::Target as u32, 9);
        assert_eq!(CUjit_option::FallbackStrategy as u32, 10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_stream_and_event_flags() {
        assert_eq!(CU_STREAM_DEFAULT, 0);
        assert_eq!(CU_STREAM_NON_BLOCKING, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_EVENT_DEFAULT, 0);
        assert_eq!(CU_EVENT_BLOCKING_SYNC, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_EVENT_DISABLE_TIMING, 2);
        assert_eq!(CU_EVENT_INTERPROCESS, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_context_scheduling_flags() {
        assert_eq!(CU_CTX_SCHED_AUTO, 0);
        assert_eq!(CU_CTX_SCHED_SPIN, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_CTX_SCHED_YIELD, 2);
        assert_eq!(CU_CTX_SCHED_BLOCKING_SYNC, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mem_attach_flags() {
        assert_eq!(CU_MEM_ATTACH_GLOBAL, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_MEM_ATTACH_HOST, 2);
        assert_eq!(CU_MEM_ATTACH_SINGLE, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::assertions_on_constants)]
    fn test_error_code_ranges() {
        // Basic errors: 1-8
        assert!(CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE < 10);
        // Device errors: 100-102
        assert!((100..=102).contains(&CUDA_ERROR_NO_DEVICE));
        assert!((100..=102).contains(&CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_DEVICE));
        assert!((100..=102).contains(&CUDA_ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_LICENSED));
        // Image/context errors: 200+
        assert!(CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_IMAGE >= 200);
        // Launch errors: 700+
        assert!(CUDA_ERROR_LAUNCH_FAILED >= 700);
        assert!(CUDA_ERROR_ILLEGAL_ADDRESS >= 700);
        assert!(CUDA_ERROR_LAUNCH_OUT_OF_RESOURCES >= 700);
        // Stream capture errors: 900+
        assert!(CUDA_ERROR_STREAM_CAPTURE_UNSUPPORTED >= 900);
        // Unknown is 999
        assert_eq!(CUDA_ERROR_UNKNOWN, 999);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_func_attribute_constants() {
        assert_eq!(CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_THREADS_PER_BLOCK, 0);
        assert_eq!(CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_SHARED_SIZE_BYTES, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_NUM_REGS, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_limit_constants() {
        assert_eq!(CU_LIMIT_STACK_SIZE, 0);
        assert_eq!(CU_LIMIT_PRINTF_FIFO_SIZE, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_LIMIT_MALLOC_HEAP_SIZE, 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_memory_type_constants() {
        assert_eq!(CU_MEMORYTYPE_HOST, 1);
        assert_eq!(CU_MEMORYTYPE_DEVICE, 2);
        assert_eq!(CU_MEMORYTYPE_ARRAY, 3);
        assert_eq!(CU_MEMORYTYPE_UNIFIED, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_handle_debug_format() {
        let ctx = CUcontext::default();
        let debug_str = format!("{ctx:?}");
        assert!(debug_str.starts_with("CUcontext("));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_handle_equality() {
        let a = CUcontext::default();
        let b = CUcontext::default();
        assert_eq!(a, b);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_new_handle_types_are_pointer_sized() {
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUtexref>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUsurfref>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUtexObject>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            std::mem::size_of::<CUsurfObject>(),
            std::mem::size_of::<*mut c_void>()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_new_handle_defaults_are_null() {
        assert!(CUtexref::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUsurfref::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUtexObject::default().is_null());
        assert!(CUsurfObject::default().is_null());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_memory_type_enum() {
        assert_eq!(CUmemorytype::Host as u32, 1);
        assert_eq!(CUmemorytype::Device as u32, 2);
        assert_eq!(CUmemorytype::Array as u32, 3);
        assert_eq!(CUmemorytype::Unified as u32, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pointer_attribute_enum() {
        assert_eq!(CUpointer_attribute::Context as u32, 1);
        assert_eq!(CUpointer_attribute::MemoryType as u32, 2);
        assert_eq!(CUpointer_attribute::DevicePointer as u32, 3);
        assert_eq!(CUpointer_attribute::HostPointer as u32, 4);
        assert_eq!(CUpointer_attribute::IsManaged as u32, 9);
        assert_eq!(CUpointer_attribute::DeviceOrdinal as u32, 10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_limit_enum() {
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::StackSize as u32, 0);
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::PrintfFifoSize as u32, 1);
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::MallocHeapSize as u32, 2);
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::DevRuntimeSyncDepth as u32, 3);
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::DevRuntimePendingLaunchCount as u32, 4);
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::MaxL2FetchGranularity as u32, 5);
        assert_eq!(CUlimit::PersistingL2CacheSize as u32, 6);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_function_attribute_enum() {
        assert_eq!(CUfunction_attribute::MaxThreadsPerBlock as i32, 0);
        assert_eq!(CUfunction_attribute::SharedSizeBytes as i32, 1);
        assert_eq!(CUfunction_attribute::NumRegs as i32, 4);
        assert_eq!(CUfunction_attribute::PtxVersion as i32, 5);
        assert_eq!(CUfunction_attribute::BinaryVersion as i32, 6);
        assert_eq!(CUfunction_attribute::MaxDynamicSharedSizeBytes as i32, 8);
        assert_eq!(
            CUfunction_attribute::PreferredSharedMemoryCarveout as i32,
            9
        );
    }
}