openapi_to_rust/

openapi.rs

use crate::extensions::Extensions;
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::Value;
use std::collections::BTreeMap;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct OpenApiSpec {
    pub openapi: String,
    pub info: Info,
    #[serde(rename = "jsonSchemaDialect", default)]
    pub json_schema_dialect: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub servers: Option<Vec<Server>>,
    #[serde(default, deserialize_with = "deserialize_lenient_path_map")]
    pub paths: Option<BTreeMap<String, PathItem>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub webhooks: Option<BTreeMap<String, PathItem>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub components: Option<Components>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub security: Option<Vec<BTreeMap<String, Vec<String>>>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub tags: Option<Vec<Tag>>,
    #[serde(rename = "externalDocs", default)]
    pub external_docs: Option<ExternalDocs>,
    /// 3.2 §"$self" — see Appendix F base-URI rules. Captured but not yet used.
    #[serde(rename = "$self", default)]
    pub self_uri: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// Deserialize the `paths` map while skipping entries that are not Path Item
/// Objects. Some real-world specs (apicurio) park extension values such as
/// `x-codegen-contextRoot: "/apis/registry/v2"` directly inside `paths`;
/// OpenAPI allows arbitrary `x-` extensions here, so drop non-object entries
/// that begin with `x-` instead of rejecting the whole document.
fn deserialize_lenient_path_map<'de, D>(
    deserializer: D,
) -> Result<Option<BTreeMap<String, PathItem>>, D::Error>
where
    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
{
    let raw = Option::<BTreeMap<String, Value>>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
    let Some(entries) = raw else {
        return Ok(None);
    };
    let mut paths = BTreeMap::new();
    for (key, value) in entries {
        if value.is_object() || !key.starts_with("x-") {
            let item =
                serde_json::from_value::<PathItem>(value).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?;
            paths.insert(key, item);
        }
    }
    Ok(Some(paths))
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Info {
    pub title: String,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub summary: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "termsOfService", default)]
    pub terms_of_service: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub contact: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub license: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub version: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Components {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub schemas: Option<BTreeMap<String, Schema>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub responses: Option<BTreeMap<String, Response>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub parameters: Option<BTreeMap<String, Parameter>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub examples: Option<BTreeMap<String, Example>>,
    #[serde(rename = "requestBodies", default)]
    pub request_bodies: Option<BTreeMap<String, RequestBody>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub headers: Option<BTreeMap<String, Header>>,
    #[serde(rename = "securitySchemes", default)]
    pub security_schemes: Option<BTreeMap<String, SecurityScheme>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub links: Option<BTreeMap<String, Link>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub callbacks: Option<BTreeMap<String, Callback>>,
    /// 3.1+ §Components — reusable Path Items.
    #[serde(rename = "pathItems", default)]
    pub path_items: Option<BTreeMap<String, PathItem>>,
    /// 3.2 §Components — reusable Media Types.
    #[serde(rename = "mediaTypes", default)]
    pub media_types: Option<BTreeMap<String, MediaType>>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum Schema {
    /// Schema reference
    Reference {
        #[serde(rename = "$ref")]
        reference: String,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        extra: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
    },
    /// Recursive reference (older draft, kept for OAS 3.0 compatibility)
    RecursiveRef {
        #[serde(rename = "$recursiveRef")]
        recursive_ref: String,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        extra: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
    },
    /// Dynamic reference per JSON Schema 2020-12 (OAS 3.1+).
    /// `$dynamicRef` resolves against the nearest enclosing `$dynamicAnchor`.
    /// J1: modeled today; full dynamic resolution at analysis time is a
    /// follow-up. Self-references via `$dynamicRef: "#x"` are treated as
    /// recursive references to the schema bearing `$dynamicAnchor: "x"`.
    DynamicRef {
        #[serde(rename = "$dynamicRef")]
        dynamic_ref: String,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        extra: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
    },
    /// OneOf union
    OneOf {
        /// Some specs declare the branch type alongside the union, the way
        /// `anyOf` does — Discord ships `{type: integer, oneOf: []}`. Modeling
        /// it keeps that type reachable instead of leaving it in `extra`.
        #[serde(rename = "type", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        schema_type: Option<SchemaType>,
        #[serde(rename = "oneOf")]
        one_of: Vec<Schema>,
        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        discriminator: Option<Discriminator>,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        details: SchemaDetails,
    },
    /// AnyOf union (must come before Typed to handle type + anyOf patterns)
    AnyOf {
        #[serde(rename = "type", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        schema_type: Option<SchemaType>,
        #[serde(rename = "anyOf")]
        any_of: Vec<Schema>,
        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        discriminator: Option<Discriminator>,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        details: SchemaDetails,
    },
    /// AllOf composition (must come before Typed to handle type + allOf
    /// patterns)
    AllOf {
        #[serde(rename = "type", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
        schema_type: Option<SchemaType>,
        #[serde(rename = "allOf")]
        all_of: Vec<Schema>,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        details: SchemaDetails,
    },
    /// Schema with `type` as an array (OpenAPI 3.1 / JSON Schema 2020-12).
    /// The canonical 3.1 way to express a nullable type is
    /// `type: ["string", "null"]`. Listed before `Typed` so the array form
    /// matches first.
    TypedMulti {
        #[serde(rename = "type")]
        schema_types: Vec<SchemaType>,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        details: SchemaDetails,
    },
    /// Schema with a single explicit type
    Typed {
        #[serde(rename = "type")]
        schema_type: SchemaType,
        #[serde(flatten)]
        details: SchemaDetails,
    },
    /// Schema without explicit type (inferred from other fields)
    Untyped {
        #[serde(flatten)]
        details: SchemaDetails,
    },
    /// JSON Schema 2020-12 boolean schema. `true` accepts every value and
    /// `false` accepts none, and both are legal anywhere a schema is — a
    /// property, a `$defs` entry, a `oneOf` branch, `not`. Specs write
    /// `properties: {extra: true}` to say "this key exists, any value".
    Bool(bool),
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
pub enum SchemaType {
    String,
    Integer,
    Number,
    Boolean,
    Array,
    Object,
    #[serde(rename = "null")]
    Null,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct SchemaDetails {
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub nullable: Option<bool>,

    // OpenAPI 3.0 recursive support (obsoleted by JSON Schema 2020-12).
    #[serde(rename = "$recursiveAnchor", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub recursive_anchor: Option<bool>,

    // JSON Schema 2020-12 dynamic anchors (J1).
    #[serde(rename = "$dynamicAnchor", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub dynamic_anchor: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "$id", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub schema_id: Option<String>,

    // String-specific
    #[serde(rename = "enum", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub enum_values: Option<Vec<Value>>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub format: Option<String>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub default: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "const",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_present_value",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub const_value: Option<Value>,

    // Object-specific
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub properties: Option<BTreeMap<String, Schema>>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub required: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "additionalProperties",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub additional_properties: Option<AdditionalProperties>,

    // Array-specific
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub items: Option<Items>,

    // Number-specific
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub minimum: Option<serde_json::Number>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub maximum: Option<serde_json::Number>,

    // Validation
    #[serde(
        rename = "minLength",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub min_length: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "maxLength",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub max_length: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub pattern: Option<String>,
    /// In 3.0/Swagger this was a `bool` flag relative to `minimum`; in 3.1
    /// (JSON Schema 2020-12) it's a number. Accept either to round-trip
    /// real-world specs. (Tracked under J3 — proper validation lowering.)
    #[serde(rename = "exclusiveMinimum", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub exclusive_minimum: Option<ExclusiveBound>,
    #[serde(rename = "exclusiveMaximum", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub exclusive_maximum: Option<ExclusiveBound>,
    #[serde(rename = "multipleOf", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub multiple_of: Option<f64>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "minItems",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub min_items: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "maxItems",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub max_items: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(rename = "uniqueItems", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub unique_items: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "minProperties",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub min_properties: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "maxProperties",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub max_properties: Option<u64>,

    // JSON Schema 2020-12 array keywords (J4, J8).
    #[serde(rename = "prefixItems", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub prefix_items: Option<Vec<Schema>>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub contains: Option<Box<Schema>>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "minContains",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub min_contains: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "maxContains",
        default,
        deserialize_with = "deserialize_count",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub max_contains: Option<u64>,

    // JSON Schema 2020-12 object keywords (J5, J6, J7).
    #[serde(rename = "patternProperties", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub pattern_properties: Option<BTreeMap<String, Schema>>,
    #[serde(rename = "propertyNames", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub property_names: Option<Box<Schema>>,
    #[serde(
        rename = "unevaluatedProperties",
        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none"
    )]
    pub unevaluated_properties: Option<AdditionalProperties>,
    #[serde(rename = "unevaluatedItems", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub unevaluated_items: Option<AdditionalProperties>,
    #[serde(rename = "dependentRequired", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub dependent_required: Option<BTreeMap<String, Vec<String>>>,
    #[serde(rename = "dependentSchemas", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub dependent_schemas: Option<BTreeMap<String, Schema>>,

    // JSON Schema 2020-12 content keywords (J8).
    #[serde(rename = "contentEncoding", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub content_encoding: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "contentMediaType", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub content_media_type: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "contentSchema", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub content_schema: Option<Box<Schema>>,

    // JSON Schema 2020-12 conditional keywords.
    #[serde(rename = "if", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub if_schema: Option<Box<Schema>>,
    #[serde(rename = "then", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub then_schema: Option<Box<Schema>>,
    #[serde(rename = "else", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub else_schema: Option<Box<Schema>>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub not: Option<Box<Schema>>,

    // 3.0 deprecated annotations now first-class (kept since openai-responses fixture is OAS 3.0).
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub title: Option<String>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub deprecated: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "readOnly", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub read_only: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "writeOnly", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub write_only: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub examples: Option<Vec<Value>>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub example: Option<Value>,
    /// JSON Schema annotation `$comment`.
    #[serde(rename = "$comment", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub comment: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "$schema", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub schema_keyword: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "$defs", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub defs: Option<BTreeMap<String, Schema>>,

    // Extensions and unknown fields. After J5–J8 above this should be x-*-only
    // for well-formed OAS 3.1+ specs.
    #[serde(flatten)]
    pub extra: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
}

/// Deserialize a non-negative integer keyword that a spec may have written as a
/// decimal.
///
/// JSON Schema requires these to be non-negative integers but says nothing
/// about their JSON spelling, so `maxItems: 2.0` is valid and appears in the
/// 2020-12 test suite. Reading them as `u64` alone rejected the whole document.
fn deserialize_count<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<u64>, D::Error>
where
    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
{
    use serde::de::Error;

    let Some(value) = Option::<Value>::deserialize(deserializer)? else {
        return Ok(None);
    };
    match &value {
        Value::Null => Ok(None),
        Value::Number(number) => {
            if let Some(count) = number.as_u64() {
                return Ok(Some(count));
            }
            // A float with no fractional part is the same count written
            // differently; anything else is not a count at all.
            match number.as_f64() {
                Some(float) if float.fract() == 0.0 && float >= 0.0 && float <= u64::MAX as f64 => {
                    Ok(Some(float as u64))
                }
                _ => Err(D::Error::custom(format!(
                    "expected a non-negative integer, found {number}"
                ))),
            }
        }
        other => Err(D::Error::custom(format!(
            "expected a non-negative integer, found {other}"
        ))),
    }
}

fn deserialize_present_value<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<Value>, D::Error>
where
    D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
{
    Value::deserialize(deserializer).map(Some)
}

/// 3.0 used `exclusiveMinimum: true` as a bool flag against `minimum`;
/// 3.1 (JSON Schema 2020-12) uses `exclusiveMinimum: <number>`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum ExclusiveBound {
    Bool(bool),
    Number(f64),
}

/// The `items` keyword.
///
/// JSON Schema 2020-12 spells it as a single schema applied to every element.
/// Draft-04 also allowed a positional array — the tuple form — and tooling
/// that predates 2020-12 (FastAPI/pydantic v1 emits it under
/// `openapi: "3.1.0"`) still writes `items: [A, B]` where 2020-12 would write
/// `prefixItems: [A, B]`. Both spellings parse; consumers reach positional
/// entries through [`SchemaDetails::positional_items`], which unifies them
/// with `prefixItems`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum Items {
    /// 2020-12 `items`: one schema for every element.
    Single(Box<Schema>),
    /// Draft-04 tuple form: one schema per position.
    Positional(Vec<Schema>),
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum AdditionalProperties {
    Boolean(bool),
    Schema(Box<Schema>),
}

/// OpenAPI Example Object (H6).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Example {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub summary: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    /// Singular embedded value. Mutually exclusive with `external_value`.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub value: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(rename = "externalValue", default)]
    pub external_value: Option<String>,
    /// 3.2 §"Example Object" — typed pre-serialization data.
    #[serde(rename = "dataValue", default)]
    pub data_value: Option<Value>,
    /// 3.2 §"Example Object" — already-serialized form.
    #[serde(rename = "serializedValue", default)]
    pub serialized_value: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Link Object (H7).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Link {
    #[serde(rename = "operationRef", default)]
    pub operation_ref: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "operationId", default)]
    pub operation_id: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub parameters: Option<BTreeMap<String, Value>>,
    #[serde(rename = "requestBody", default)]
    pub request_body: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub server: Option<Server>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Callback Object (H8). A map keyed by runtime-expression URL
/// templates, with Path Item values.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(transparent)]
pub struct Callback(pub BTreeMap<String, PathItem>);

/// OpenAPI Encoding Object (H4). Used inside `multipart/form-data` and
/// `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` Media Type bodies.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Encoding {
    #[serde(rename = "contentType", default)]
    pub content_type: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub headers: Option<BTreeMap<String, Header>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub style: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub explode: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "allowReserved", default)]
    pub allow_reserved: Option<bool>,
    /// 3.2 §"Encoding Object" — nested encoding for arrays of items.
    #[serde(rename = "itemEncoding", default)]
    pub item_encoding: Option<Box<Encoding>>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Header Object (H5). Structurally a Parameter minus the `name`
/// and `in` fields. Used in Response.headers, Encoding.headers, and
/// Components.headers.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Header {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub required: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub deprecated: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "allowEmptyValue", default)]
    pub allow_empty_value: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub style: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub explode: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "allowReserved", default)]
    pub allow_reserved: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub schema: Option<Schema>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub content: Option<BTreeMap<String, MediaType>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub example: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub examples: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Security Scheme Object (H2). Covers all 3.x scheme types:
/// apiKey, http (basic/bearer/digest), oauth2 (with flows), openIdConnect,
/// and 3.1+ mutualTLS.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
#[serde(tag = "type")]
pub enum SecurityScheme {
    #[serde(rename = "apiKey")]
    ApiKey {
        name: String,
        #[serde(rename = "in")]
        location: String, // "query" | "header" | "cookie"
        #[serde(default)]
        description: Option<String>,
        /// 3.2 §"Security Scheme Object" — D10.
        #[serde(default)]
        deprecated: Option<bool>,
        #[serde(flatten, default)]
        extensions: Extensions,
    },
    #[serde(rename = "http")]
    Http {
        scheme: String, // "basic" | "bearer" | "digest" | …
        #[serde(rename = "bearerFormat", default)]
        bearer_format: Option<String>,
        #[serde(default)]
        description: Option<String>,
        #[serde(default)]
        deprecated: Option<bool>,
        #[serde(flatten, default)]
        extensions: Extensions,
    },
    #[serde(rename = "mutualTLS")]
    MutualTls {
        #[serde(default)]
        description: Option<String>,
        #[serde(default)]
        deprecated: Option<bool>,
        #[serde(flatten, default)]
        extensions: Extensions,
    },
    #[serde(rename = "oauth2")]
    OAuth2 {
        // Boxed to keep the SecurityScheme enum's variants similarly sized
        // (the OAuthFlows tree is ~800 bytes; clippy::large_enum_variant
        // flagged the disparity).
        flows: Box<OAuthFlows>,
        #[serde(default)]
        description: Option<String>,
        /// 3.2 §"Security Scheme Object" — well-known metadata URL (D4).
        #[serde(rename = "oauth2MetadataUrl", default)]
        oauth2_metadata_url: Option<String>,
        #[serde(default)]
        deprecated: Option<bool>,
        #[serde(flatten, default)]
        extensions: Extensions,
    },
    #[serde(rename = "openIdConnect")]
    OpenIdConnect {
        #[serde(rename = "openIdConnectUrl")]
        open_id_connect_url: String,
        #[serde(default)]
        description: Option<String>,
        #[serde(default)]
        deprecated: Option<bool>,
        #[serde(flatten, default)]
        extensions: Extensions,
    },
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct OAuthFlows {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub implicit: Option<OAuthFlow>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub password: Option<OAuthFlow>,
    #[serde(rename = "clientCredentials", default)]
    pub client_credentials: Option<OAuthFlow>,
    #[serde(rename = "authorizationCode", default)]
    pub authorization_code: Option<OAuthFlow>,
    /// 3.2 §"OAuth Flows Object" — device authorization flow (D4).
    #[serde(rename = "deviceAuthorization", default)]
    pub device_authorization: Option<OAuthFlow>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct OAuthFlow {
    #[serde(rename = "authorizationUrl", default)]
    pub authorization_url: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "tokenUrl", default)]
    pub token_url: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "refreshUrl", default)]
    pub refresh_url: Option<String>,
    /// 3.2 §"OAuth Flow Object" — required for `deviceAuthorization` (D4).
    #[serde(rename = "deviceAuthorizationUrl", default)]
    pub device_authorization_url: Option<String>,
    pub scopes: BTreeMap<String, String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI External Documentation Object (H10).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct ExternalDocs {
    pub url: String,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Tag Object (H9 + D5 — 3.2 added summary/parent/kind).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Tag {
    pub name: String,
    /// 3.2 §"Tag Object" — short summary of the tag.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub summary: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    /// 3.2 §"Tag Object" — name of a parent tag for hierarchical organisation.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub parent: Option<String>,
    /// 3.2 §"Tag Object" — categorisation hint (e.g. "feature", "audience",
    /// "compliance"). Free-form string; consumers MAY define their own
    /// vocabulary.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub kind: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "externalDocs", default)]
    pub external_docs: Option<ExternalDocs>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Server Object (H1). Multiple servers, server variables, and
/// 3.2's `name` field are all modeled.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Server {
    pub url: String,
    /// 3.2 §"Server Object" — server identifier for runtime selection (D8).
    #[serde(default)]
    pub name: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub variables: Option<BTreeMap<String, ServerVariable>>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct ServerVariable {
    /// REQUIRED in 3.0/3.1. In 3.2 this MAY be omitted when `enum` is present.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub default: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "enum", default)]
    pub enum_values: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Discriminator {
    #[serde(rename = "propertyName")]
    pub property_name: String,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub mapping: Option<BTreeMap<String, String>>,
    /// 3.2 §"Discriminator Object" — fallback mapping target when the
    /// discriminator value is unknown (D9). Captured today; a future bead
    /// will emit a `_Other(Value)` enum variant when this is set.
    #[serde(rename = "defaultMapping", default)]
    pub default_mapping: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

impl Schema {
    /// Get the schema type if explicitly set. For `Schema::TypedMulti` the
    /// "primary" non-null type is returned; if the array contained only `null`
    /// then `Some(&SchemaType::Null)` is returned.
    ///
    /// If the other non-null variants are important, consider where you should
    /// instead use [non_null_schema_types][Self::non_null_schema_types].
    pub fn schema_type(&self) -> Option<&SchemaType> {
        match self {
            Schema::Typed { schema_type, .. } => Some(schema_type),
            Schema::TypedMulti { schema_types, .. } => schema_types
                .iter()
                .find(|t| **t != SchemaType::Null)
                .or_else(|| schema_types.first()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// The `type` keyword as written, including on a union or composition.
    ///
    /// [`Self::schema_type`] deliberately reports only standalone typed
    /// schemas, because most callers ask it in order to pick a Rust type for a
    /// leaf. A union that also declares `type` needs the declared value —
    /// notably when the branch list is empty and the union constrains nothing.
    pub fn declared_type(&self) -> Option<&SchemaType> {
        match self {
            Schema::AnyOf { schema_type, .. }
            | Schema::AllOf { schema_type, .. }
            | Schema::OneOf { schema_type, .. } => schema_type.as_ref(),
            other => other.schema_type(),
        }
    }

    /// Gets all non-null types from `type: [...]` (unlike
    /// [Schema::schema_type] that handles the null value). Returns `None` if
    /// the given [Schema::TypedMulti] has either only one non-null value, or if
    /// this isn't a `Schema::TypedMulti`.
    ///
    /// This also removes duplicates.
    pub fn non_null_schema_types(&self) -> Option<Vec<SchemaType>> {
        match self {
            Schema::TypedMulti { schema_types, .. } => {
                let mut non_null = Vec::new();
                for t in schema_types {
                    if *t != SchemaType::Null && !non_null.contains(t) {
                        non_null.push(t.clone());
                    }
                }
                (non_null.len() > 1).then_some(non_null)
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// True when the schema's type set explicitly contains `null`.
    /// (3.1 canonical nullability via `type: ["X", "null"]`.)
    pub fn type_array_contains_null(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Schema::TypedMulti { schema_types, .. } => schema_types.contains(&SchemaType::Null),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// True when the schema is nullable in any form OpenAPI allows:
    /// 3.0's `nullable: true`, 3.1's `type: ["X", "null"]`, or an
    /// `anyOf`/`oneOf` carrying a `null` branch or a nullable branch.
    ///
    /// Property nullability must be decided through this, not through any
    /// single one of the three checks. Each form was added separately and each
    /// time a call site was missed: `nullable: true` first, then the
    /// `anyOf`-with-null shape (openapi-generator-bgo), leaving the 3.1
    /// canonical type-array form unhandled on properties
    /// (openapi-generator-dsu) — which silently generated non-`Option` fields
    /// for values the API really does send as `null`.
    pub fn is_nullable_any(&self) -> bool {
        self.reference_siblings_are_nullable()
            || self.details().is_nullable()
            || self.type_array_contains_null()
            || match self {
                // A nullable branch also admits null even when the union has
                // no separate null-only branch (common in OpenAPI 3.0).
                Schema::AnyOf { any_of, .. } => any_of
                    .iter()
                    .any(|branch| branch.is_explicit_null_only() || branch.is_nullable_any()),
                // `oneOf` admits null only when exactly one branch does.
                Schema::OneOf { one_of, .. } => {
                    one_of
                        .iter()
                        .filter(|branch| branch.is_explicit_null_only() || branch.is_nullable_any())
                        .count()
                        == 1
                }
                _ => false,
            }
    }

    /// Reference nodes retain siblings in `extra` because OpenAPI 3.0-era
    /// documents commonly attach `nullable: true` directly beside `$ref`.
    /// `details()` intentionally returns an empty value for references, so
    /// nullability must read that retained annotation explicitly.
    fn reference_siblings_are_nullable(&self) -> bool {
        let extra = match self {
            Schema::Reference { extra, .. }
            | Schema::RecursiveRef { extra, .. }
            | Schema::DynamicRef { extra, .. } => extra,
            _ => return false,
        };
        extra.get("nullable").and_then(Value::as_bool) == Some(true)
    }

    /// Get schema details
    pub fn details(&self) -> &SchemaDetails {
        static EMPTY_DETAILS: Lazy<SchemaDetails> = Lazy::new(SchemaDetails::default);
        match self {
            Schema::Typed { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::TypedMulti { details, .. } => details,
            // Neither a reference nor a boolean schema carries details of its
            // own: one points elsewhere, the other accepts or rejects outright.
            Schema::Reference { .. }
            | Schema::RecursiveRef { .. }
            | Schema::DynamicRef { .. }
            | Schema::Bool(_) => &EMPTY_DETAILS,
            Schema::OneOf { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::AnyOf { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::AllOf { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::Untyped { details } => details,
        }
    }

    /// Get mutable schema details
    pub fn details_mut(&mut self) -> &mut SchemaDetails {
        match self {
            Schema::Typed { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::TypedMulti { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::Reference { .. } => {
                panic!("Cannot get mutable details for reference schema")
            }
            Schema::RecursiveRef { .. } => {
                panic!("Cannot get mutable details for recursive reference schema")
            }
            Schema::DynamicRef { .. } => {
                panic!("Cannot get mutable details for dynamic reference schema")
            }
            Schema::Bool(_) => {
                panic!("Cannot get mutable details for a boolean schema")
            }
            Schema::OneOf { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::AnyOf { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::AllOf { details, .. } => details,
            Schema::Untyped { details } => details,
        }
    }

    /// Check if this is any kind of reference (regular or recursive)
    pub fn is_reference(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Schema::Reference { .. } | Schema::RecursiveRef { .. })
    }

    /// Get reference string if this is a reference
    pub fn reference(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        match self {
            Schema::Reference { reference, .. } => Some(reference),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Get recursive reference string if this is a recursive reference
    pub fn recursive_reference(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        match self {
            Schema::RecursiveRef { recursive_ref, .. } => Some(recursive_ref),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Check if this is a discriminated union
    pub fn is_discriminated_union(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Schema::OneOf { discriminator, .. } => discriminator.is_some(),
            Schema::AnyOf { discriminator, .. } => discriminator.is_some(),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Get discriminator if this is a discriminated union
    pub fn discriminator(&self) -> Option<&Discriminator> {
        match self {
            Schema::OneOf { discriminator, .. } => discriminator.as_ref(),
            Schema::AnyOf { discriminator, .. } => discriminator.as_ref(),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Get union variants
    pub fn union_variants(&self) -> Option<&[Schema]> {
        match self {
            Schema::OneOf { one_of, .. } => Some(one_of),
            Schema::AnyOf { any_of, .. } => Some(any_of),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Check if this appears to be a nullable pattern (anyOf or oneOf with null)
    pub fn is_nullable_pattern(&self) -> bool {
        self.non_null_variant().is_some()
    }

    /// Whether an `anyOf` or `oneOf` contains a branch that admits only JSON
    /// `null`. Unlike [`Self::is_nullable_pattern`], this does not require the
    /// union to collapse to one non-null branch, so it also preserves
    /// nullability for unions such as `[string, integer, null]`.
    pub fn has_explicit_null_variant(&self) -> bool {
        self.union_variants()
            .is_some_and(|variants| variants.iter().any(Self::is_explicit_null_only))
    }

    /// The one meaningful branch of a two-branch union whose other branch
    /// exists only to admit `null`.
    pub fn non_null_variant(&self) -> Option<&Schema> {
        let variants = match self {
            Schema::AnyOf { any_of, .. } => any_of,
            Schema::OneOf { one_of, .. } => one_of,
            _ => return None,
        };
        let [first, second] = variants.as_slice() else {
            return None;
        };
        match (
            first.is_explicit_null_only(),
            second.is_explicit_null_only(),
        ) {
            (true, false) => Some(second),
            (false, true) => Some(first),
            // Two markers describe nothing, and no marker is not this pattern.
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Whether this branch explicitly admits no JSON value other than `null`.
    ///
    /// This is intentionally branch-local. OpenAPI 3.0's `nullable: true`
    /// widens the schema it annotates; it does not erase that schema's other
    /// accepted values. In particular, `{nullable: true}` and
    /// `{type: object, nullable: true}` remain real alternatives even beside
    /// a `$ref`.
    pub(crate) fn is_explicit_null_only(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Schema::Typed { schema_type, .. } => *schema_type == SchemaType::Null,
            Schema::TypedMulti { schema_types, .. } => {
                !schema_types.is_empty()
                    && schema_types
                        .iter()
                        .all(|schema_type| *schema_type == SchemaType::Null)
            }
            Schema::Untyped { details } => {
                details.const_value.as_ref().is_some_and(Value::is_null)
                    || details.enum_values.as_ref().is_some_and(
                        |values| matches!(values.as_slice(), [value] if value.is_null()),
                    )
            }
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Infer schema type from structure if not explicitly set
    pub fn inferred_type(&self) -> Option<SchemaType> {
        match self {
            Schema::Typed { schema_type, .. } => Some(schema_type.clone()),
            Schema::TypedMulti { .. } => self.schema_type().cloned(),
            Schema::Untyped { details } => {
                // Infer from structure
                if self.is_explicit_null_only() {
                    Some(SchemaType::Null)
                } else if details.properties.is_some() {
                    Some(SchemaType::Object)
                } else if details.items.is_some() || details.prefix_items.is_some() {
                    Some(SchemaType::Array)
                } else if details.enum_values.is_some() {
                    Some(SchemaType::String) // Assume string enum
                } else {
                    None
                }
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

impl SchemaDetails {
    /// The schema every array element must satisfy, i.e. `items` in its
    /// 2020-12 single-schema spelling. Returns `None` for the draft-04 tuple
    /// form, which constrains positions rather than every element — read that
    /// through [`Self::positional_items`]. A boolean schema is a schema like
    /// any other here: `items: true` accepts every element.
    pub fn item_schema(&self) -> Option<&Schema> {
        match self.items.as_ref()? {
            Items::Single(schema) => Some(schema),
            Items::Positional(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Positional element schemas, from either spelling: 2020-12
    /// `prefixItems` or the draft-04 `items: [A, B]` tuple form.
    pub fn positional_items(&self) -> Option<&[Schema]> {
        if let Some(prefix_items) = self.prefix_items.as_deref() {
            return Some(prefix_items);
        }
        match self.items.as_ref()? {
            Items::Positional(schemas) => Some(schemas),
            Items::Single(_) => None,
        }
    }

    /// Whether the array admits no elements beyond its positional schemas.
    ///
    /// This is not the default: `prefixItems: [A, B]` on its own permits extra
    /// elements of any type. An array is closed only when 2020-12 `items:
    /// false`, draft-04 `additionalItems: false`, or `maxItems` says so.
    pub fn positional_items_are_closed(&self) -> bool {
        let Some(positions) = self.positional_items() else {
            return false;
        };
        // `items: false` — no element beyond the positions may exist. It is a
        // boolean schema in the ordinary single-schema slot.
        if matches!(
            self.items.as_ref(),
            Some(Items::Single(schema)) if matches!(**schema, Schema::Bool(false))
        ) {
            return true;
        }
        if self.extra.get("additionalItems") == Some(&Value::Bool(false)) {
            return true;
        }
        self.max_items
            .is_some_and(|maximum| maximum <= positions.len() as u64)
    }

    /// Whether every valid instance has exactly one element per positional
    /// schema — the only case a fixed-arity Rust tuple can represent. A closed
    /// array that also permits shorter instances is not exact.
    pub fn positional_items_are_exact(&self) -> bool {
        let Some(positions) = self.positional_items() else {
            return false;
        };
        self.positional_items_are_closed()
            && self
                .min_items
                .is_some_and(|minimum| minimum >= positions.len() as u64)
    }

    /// Check if this schema is nullable
    pub fn is_nullable(&self) -> bool {
        self.nullable.unwrap_or(false)
    }

    /// Check if this is a string enum
    ///
    /// A standalone string `const` (no `enum` array) is treated as a
    /// degenerate single-value enum so the generator emits a tightly-typed
    /// single-variant enum instead of a bare `String`. See issue #10.
    pub fn is_string_enum(&self) -> bool {
        self.enum_values.is_some() || self.const_string_value().is_some()
    }

    /// Get enum values as strings if this is a string enum.
    ///
    /// Falls back to `[const_value]` when `enum` is absent but `const` is a
    /// string, so a property like `{ "type": "string", "const": "X" }`
    /// produces a single-variant enum.
    pub fn string_enum_values(&self) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
        if let Some(values) = self.enum_values.as_ref() {
            // Tolerate non-string scalars in `enum` for `type: string` schemas
            // (gitpod has `enum: [2000, 5000, ...]` on a string-typed field).
            // Without this, `filter_map(.as_str())` produced an empty Vec
            // and we emitted an empty enum that fails to compile.
            return Some(
                values
                    .iter()
                    .map(|v| match v {
                        Value::String(s) => s.clone(),
                        Value::Number(n) => n.to_string(),
                        Value::Bool(b) => b.to_string(),
                        Value::Null => "null".to_string(),
                        _ => v.to_string(),
                    })
                    .collect(),
            );
        }
        self.const_string_value().map(|s| vec![s])
    }

    fn const_string_value(&self) -> Option<String> {
        self.const_value
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
            .map(|s| s.to_string())
    }

    /// Check if a field is required
    pub fn is_field_required(&self, field_name: &str) -> bool {
        self.required
            .as_ref()
            .map(|req| req.contains(&field_name.to_string()))
            .unwrap_or(false)
    }
}

/// OpenAPI Path Item Object
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct PathItem {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub summary: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    pub get: Option<Operation>,
    pub put: Option<Operation>,
    pub post: Option<Operation>,
    pub delete: Option<Operation>,
    pub options: Option<Operation>,
    pub head: Option<Operation>,
    pub patch: Option<Operation>,
    pub trace: Option<Operation>,
    /// 3.2 §"Path Item Object" — `QUERY` HTTP method (D1). Originally
    /// proposed for safe, idempotent reads with a body.
    pub query: Option<Operation>,
    /// 3.2 §"Path Item Object" — extension map for HTTP methods beyond the
    /// well-known ones (e.g. WebDAV's PROPFIND, SEARCH; LINK/UNLINK). Keys
    /// are uppercase method names (D1).
    #[serde(rename = "additionalOperations", default)]
    pub additional_operations: Option<BTreeMap<String, Operation>>,
    pub parameters: Option<Vec<Parameter>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub servers: Option<Vec<Server>>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

impl PathItem {
    /// Get all operations in this path item, including 3.2's `query`
    /// (D1) and any custom verbs declared in `additionalOperations`.
    pub fn operations(&self) -> Vec<(&str, &Operation)> {
        let mut ops = Vec::new();
        if let Some(ref op) = self.get {
            ops.push(("get", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.put {
            ops.push(("put", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.post {
            ops.push(("post", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.delete {
            ops.push(("delete", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.options {
            ops.push(("options", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.head {
            ops.push(("head", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.patch {
            ops.push(("patch", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.trace {
            ops.push(("trace", op));
        }
        if let Some(ref op) = self.query {
            ops.push(("query", op));
        }
        if let Some(map) = &self.additional_operations {
            for (verb, op) in map {
                ops.push((verb.as_str(), op));
            }
        }
        ops
    }
}

/// OpenAPI Operation Object
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Operation {
    #[serde(rename = "operationId", default)]
    pub operation_id: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub summary: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub tags: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub deprecated: Option<bool>,
    pub parameters: Option<Vec<Parameter>>,
    #[serde(rename = "requestBody")]
    pub request_body: Option<RequestBody>,
    pub responses: Option<BTreeMap<String, Response>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub callbacks: Option<BTreeMap<String, Callback>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub security: Option<Vec<BTreeMap<String, Vec<String>>>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub servers: Option<Vec<Server>>,
    #[serde(rename = "externalDocs", default)]
    pub external_docs: Option<ExternalDocs>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Parameter Object
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Parameter {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub name: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "in", default)]
    pub location: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub required: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub deprecated: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "allowEmptyValue", default)]
    pub allow_empty_value: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub style: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub explode: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "allowReserved", default)]
    pub allow_reserved: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub schema: Option<Schema>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub content: Option<BTreeMap<String, MediaType>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub example: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub examples: Option<BTreeMap<String, Example>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// OpenAPI Request Body Object
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct RequestBody {
    pub content: Option<BTreeMap<String, MediaType>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub required: Option<bool>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

/// Semantic representation used for a response media entry.
///
/// This deliberately keeps server-sent events separate from ordinary text:
/// although `text/event-stream` belongs to the `text` top-level type, callers
/// must stream it rather than buffer and UTF-8 decode it like `text/plain`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
pub enum ResponseMediaKind {
    Json,
    EventStream,
    Text,
    Binary,
    Unsupported,
}

/// Return the media type essence, excluding parameters and surrounding space.
///
/// Media type comparisons remain ASCII-case-insensitive at their call sites;
/// this helper only provides one consistent way to discard parameters such as
/// `charset=utf-8` without allocating.
pub fn media_type_essence(content_type: &str) -> &str {
    content_type
        .split(';')
        .next()
        .unwrap_or(content_type)
        .trim()
}

/// Returns true for media types whose payload is JSON.
///
/// Matches `application/json` exactly, plus any RFC 6839 structured-syntax
/// suffix variant of the form `application/<subtype>+json`
/// (e.g. `application/vnd.api+json`, `application/hal+json`,
/// `application/problem+json`). Trailing parameters such as
/// `; charset=utf-8` are tolerated.
pub fn is_json_media_type(ct: &str) -> bool {
    let essence = media_type_essence(ct).to_ascii_lowercase();
    if essence == "application/json" {
        return true;
    }
    if let Some(subtype) = essence.strip_prefix("application/") {
        return subtype.ends_with("+json");
    }
    false
}

/// Returns true for `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` (with optional
/// parameters).
pub fn is_form_urlencoded_media_type(ct: &str) -> bool {
    let essence = media_type_essence(ct).to_ascii_lowercase();
    essence == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
}

/// Returns true only for the `text/event-stream` media type essence.
///
/// Media type names are ASCII-case-insensitive and parameters do not change
/// the essence, so values such as `Text/Event-Stream; charset=utf-8` match,
/// while similarly prefixed subtypes such as `text/event-streaming` do not.
pub fn is_event_stream_media_type(ct: &str) -> bool {
    media_type_essence(ct).eq_ignore_ascii_case("text/event-stream")
}

/// Returns true for non-SSE media types in the `text` top-level family.
///
/// Structured text formats in the `application` family whose instances are
/// UTF-8/UTF-16 character data — XML and its `+xml` suffix variants (RFC 7303,
/// RFC 6839) — are buffered and emitted as text as well; bytes are never
/// XML-parsed by the generated server, so a plain `String` body preserves
/// the payload losslessly.
pub fn is_text_media_type(ct: &str) -> bool {
    let Some((top_level, subtype)) = media_type_essence(ct).split_once('/') else {
        return false;
    };
    if top_level.eq_ignore_ascii_case("text")
        && !subtype.is_empty()
        && !is_event_stream_media_type(ct)
    {
        return true;
    }
    top_level.eq_ignore_ascii_case("application")
        && (subtype.eq_ignore_ascii_case("xml")
            || subtype.to_ascii_lowercase().ends_with("+xml")
            // JWT (RFC 7519) compact serializations are ASCII text: three
            // base64url segments joined by dots.
            || subtype.eq_ignore_ascii_case("jwt"))
}

/// Returns true for OpenAPI media ranges with a wildcard subtype.
///
/// This recognizes both `*/*` and type-specific ranges such as `image/*`.
/// A wildcard is meaningful only as the complete subtype, so values such as
/// `image/*+json` do not match.
pub fn is_wildcard_media_type(ct: &str) -> bool {
    let Some((top_level, subtype)) = media_type_essence(ct).split_once('/') else {
        return false;
    };
    !top_level.is_empty() && subtype == "*"
}

fn schema_has_binary_format(schema: Option<&Schema>) -> bool {
    schema.is_some_and(|schema| {
        schema
            .details()
            .format
            .as_deref()
            .is_some_and(|format| format.eq_ignore_ascii_case("binary"))
    })
}

/// Returns true when a response representation must be handled as raw bytes.
///
/// An explicit schema `format: binary` takes precedence over a textual-looking
/// media type. Without that schema signal, known binary families and formats
/// are recognized, as are non-text OpenAPI wildcard media ranges. Text media
/// ranges cannot be emitted as a concrete response `Content-Type` and remain
/// unsupported unless their schema explicitly declares the binary format.
pub fn is_binary_media_type(ct: &str, schema: Option<&Schema>) -> bool {
    if schema_has_binary_format(schema) {
        return true;
    }

    let essence = media_type_essence(ct);
    let Some((top_level, _)) = essence.split_once('/') else {
        return false;
    };
    if top_level.eq_ignore_ascii_case("image")
        || top_level.eq_ignore_ascii_case("audio")
        || top_level.eq_ignore_ascii_case("video")
    {
        return true;
    }
    if essence.eq_ignore_ascii_case("application/octet-stream")
        || essence.eq_ignore_ascii_case("application/zip")
        || essence.eq_ignore_ascii_case("application/pdf")
    {
        return true;
    }

    !top_level.eq_ignore_ascii_case("text") && is_wildcard_media_type(ct)
}

/// Classify one declared response representation for client/server analysis.
///
/// JSON and exact SSE retain their established behavior. A binary schema wins
/// over the media family so bytes are never accidentally UTF-8 decoded.
pub fn classify_response_media_type(ct: &str, schema: Option<&Schema>) -> ResponseMediaKind {
    if is_json_media_type(ct) {
        ResponseMediaKind::Json
    } else if is_event_stream_media_type(ct) {
        ResponseMediaKind::EventStream
    } else if schema_has_binary_format(schema) {
        ResponseMediaKind::Binary
    } else if is_text_media_type(ct) {
        if is_wildcard_media_type(ct) {
            ResponseMediaKind::Unsupported
        } else {
            ResponseMediaKind::Text
        }
    } else if is_binary_media_type(ct, schema) {
        ResponseMediaKind::Binary
    } else {
        ResponseMediaKind::Unsupported
    }
}

fn find_json_content(content: &BTreeMap<String, MediaType>) -> Option<(&str, &MediaType)> {
    if let Some(mt) = content
        .get("application/json")
        .filter(|media_type| media_type.schema.is_some())
    {
        return Some(("application/json", mt));
    }
    content
        .iter()
        .find(|(ct, media_type)| is_json_media_type(ct) && media_type.schema.is_some())
        .map(|(ct, mt)| (ct.as_str(), mt))
        .or_else(|| {
            content
                .get("application/json")
                .map(|media_type| ("application/json", media_type))
        })
        .or_else(|| {
            content
                .iter()
                .find(|(ct, _)| is_json_media_type(ct))
                .map(|(ct, mt)| (ct.as_str(), mt))
        })
}

impl RequestBody {
    /// Get schema for any JSON content type
    ///
    /// Prefers the canonical `application/json` entry, then falls back to
    /// any `application/*+json` variant (RFC 6839) such as
    /// `application/vnd.api+json` or `application/hal+json`.
    pub fn json_schema(&self) -> Option<&Schema> {
        self.content
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(find_json_content)
            .and_then(|(_, media_type)| media_type.schema.as_ref())
    }

    /// Get the best content type and its schema, preferring JSON over others
    pub fn best_content(&self) -> Option<(&str, Option<&Schema>)> {
        let content = self.content.as_ref()?;

        if let Some((ct, media_type)) = find_json_content(content) {
            return Some((ct, media_type.schema.as_ref()));
        }

        const PRIORITY: &[&str] = &[
            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
            "multipart/form-data",
            "application/octet-stream",
            "text/plain",
        ];
        for preferred_essence in PRIORITY {
            if let Some((ct, media_type)) = content
                .iter()
                .find(|(ct, _)| media_type_essence(ct).eq_ignore_ascii_case(preferred_essence))
            {
                return Some((ct.as_str(), media_type.schema.as_ref()));
            }
        }
        // Character-data fallbacks (text/xml, application/xml, +xml suffixed)
        // are buffered as UTF-8 text like text/plain.
        if let Some((ct, media_type)) = content.iter().find(|(ct, _)| is_text_media_type(ct)) {
            return Some((ct.as_str(), media_type.schema.as_ref()));
        }
        content
            .iter()
            // A request media range is not a concrete Content-Type value. The
            // generated client cannot send `image/*` or `*/*`, and the server
            // cannot compare either range to one exact request representation,
            // so leave wildcard request content unsupported instead of
            // emitting a contract that always fails at runtime.
            .find(|(ct, media_type)| {
                !is_wildcard_media_type(ct) && is_binary_media_type(ct, media_type.schema.as_ref())
            })
            .map(|(ct, media_type)| (ct.as_str(), media_type.schema.as_ref()))
    }
}

/// OpenAPI Response Object
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct Response {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub headers: Option<BTreeMap<String, Header>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub content: Option<BTreeMap<String, MediaType>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub links: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

impl Response {
    /// Get schema for any JSON content type
    ///
    /// Prefers the canonical `application/json` entry, then falls back to
    /// any `application/*+json` variant (RFC 6839) such as
    /// `application/vnd.api+json`, `application/hal+json`, or
    /// `application/problem+json`.
    pub fn json_schema(&self) -> Option<&Schema> {
        self.content
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(find_json_content)
            .and_then(|(_, media_type)| media_type.schema.as_ref())
    }

    /// Get the preferred JSON-compatible media type and its schema.
    pub fn json_content(&self) -> Option<(&str, &Schema)> {
        self.content
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(find_json_content)
            .and_then(|(content_type, media_type)| {
                media_type
                    .schema
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|schema| (content_type, schema))
            })
    }
}

/// OpenAPI Media Type Object
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct MediaType {
    #[serde(default)]
    pub schema: Option<Schema>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub example: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub examples: Option<BTreeMap<String, Example>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub encoding: Option<BTreeMap<String, Encoding>>,
    /// 3.2 §"Media Type Object" — schema for each item when streaming
    /// (D3). Common in `text/event-stream` and JSON-lines payloads.
    #[serde(rename = "itemSchema", default)]
    pub item_schema: Option<Schema>,
    /// 3.2 §"Media Type Object" — encoding for the leading prefix of a
    /// streamed body (D3).
    #[serde(rename = "prefixEncoding", default)]
    pub prefix_encoding: Option<Vec<Encoding>>,
    /// 3.2 §"Media Type Object" — encoding applied to each streamed item
    /// (D3).
    #[serde(rename = "itemEncoding", default)]
    pub item_encoding: Option<Encoding>,
    #[serde(rename = "$ref", default)]
    pub reference: Option<String>,
    #[serde(flatten, default)]
    pub extensions: Extensions,
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use serde_json::json;

    #[test]
    fn paths_map_skips_extension_scalars() {
        // apicurio registry: an `x-codegen-contextRoot` scalar sits inside
        // `paths`; the document must still parse with the extension dropped.
        let spec: OpenApiSpec = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "openapi": "3.0.0",
            "info": { "title": "lenient paths", "version": "1" },
            "paths": {
                "x-codegen-contextRoot": "/apis/registry/v2",
                "/items": {
                    "get": {
                        "operationId": "listItems",
                        "responses": { "204": { "description": "ok" } }
                    }
                }
            }
        }))
        .unwrap();
        let paths = spec.paths.unwrap();
        assert!(paths.contains_key("/items"));
        assert!(!paths.contains_key("x-codegen-contextRoot"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_simple_object_schema() {
        let schema_json = json!({
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "User name"
                },
                "age": {
                    "type": "integer"
                }
            },
            "required": ["name"]
        });

        let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(schema_json).unwrap();

        match schema {
            Schema::Typed {
                schema_type: SchemaType::Object,
                details,
            } => {
                assert!(details.properties.is_some());
                assert_eq!(details.required, Some(vec!["name".to_string()]));
                assert!(details.is_field_required("name"));
                assert!(!details.is_field_required("age"));
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected object schema"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_string_enum() {
        let schema_json = json!({
            "type": "string",
            "enum": ["active", "inactive", "pending"],
            "description": "User status"
        });

        let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(schema_json).unwrap();

        match schema {
            Schema::Typed {
                schema_type: SchemaType::String,
                details,
            } => {
                assert!(details.is_string_enum());
                let values = details.string_enum_values().unwrap();
                assert_eq!(values, vec!["active", "inactive", "pending"]);
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected string enum schema"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_reference_schema() {
        let schema_json = json!({
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"
        });

        let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(schema_json).unwrap();

        assert!(schema.is_reference());
        assert_eq!(schema.reference(), Some("#/components/schemas/User"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_discriminated_union() {
        let schema_json = json!({
            "oneOf": [
                {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Dog"},
                {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Cat"}
            ],
            "discriminator": {
                "propertyName": "petType"
            }
        });

        let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(schema_json).unwrap();

        assert!(schema.is_discriminated_union());
        let discriminator = schema.discriminator().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(discriminator.property_name, "petType");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_nullable_pattern() {
        let schema_json = json!({
            "anyOf": [
                {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"},
                {"type": "null"}
            ]
        });

        let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(schema_json).unwrap();

        assert!(schema.is_nullable_pattern());
        let non_null = schema.non_null_variant().unwrap();
        assert!(non_null.is_reference());
    }

    #[test]
    fn explicit_null_only_branches_are_order_independent_nullable_patterns() {
        for union_keyword in ["anyOf", "oneOf"] {
            for null_schema in [
                json!({"type": "null"}),
                json!({"type": ["null"]}),
                json!({"const": null}),
                json!({"enum": [null]}),
            ] {
                for variants in [
                    vec![
                        json!({"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"}),
                        null_schema.clone(),
                    ],
                    vec![
                        null_schema.clone(),
                        json!({"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"}),
                    ],
                ] {
                    let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({
                        (union_keyword): variants,
                    }))
                    .unwrap();
                    let non_null = schema.non_null_variant().unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        panic!("{union_keyword} must recognize {null_schema} as null-only")
                    });
                    assert_eq!(
                        non_null.reference(),
                        Some("#/components/schemas/User"),
                        "{union_keyword} with {null_schema}"
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn nullable_schemas_are_real_union_branches_even_beside_references() {
        for union_keyword in ["anyOf", "oneOf"] {
            for nullable_branch in [
                json!({"nullable": true}),
                json!({"type": "object", "nullable": true}),
                json!({
                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Other",
                    "nullable": true
                }),
            ] {
                for variants in [
                    vec![
                        json!({"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"}),
                        nullable_branch.clone(),
                    ],
                    vec![
                        nullable_branch.clone(),
                        json!({"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"}),
                    ],
                ] {
                    let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({
                        (union_keyword): variants,
                    }))
                    .unwrap();
                    assert!(
                        schema.non_null_variant().is_none(),
                        "{union_keyword} must preserve nullable branch {nullable_branch}"
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn reference_sibling_nullable_annotation_is_not_lost() {
        for reference_keyword in ["$ref", "$recursiveRef", "$dynamicRef"] {
            let nullable: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({
                (reference_keyword): "#/components/schemas/Value",
                "nullable": true,
                "description": "retained sibling"
            }))
            .unwrap();
            assert!(
                nullable.is_nullable_any(),
                "{reference_keyword} should retain nullable:true"
            );

            let non_nullable: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({
                (reference_keyword): "#/components/schemas/Value",
                "nullable": false
            }))
            .unwrap();
            assert!(
                !non_nullable.is_nullable_any(),
                "{reference_keyword} nullable:false must stay non-nullable"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn nullable_union_branches_preserve_union_nullability() {
        for (schema, expected) in [
            (
                json!({"anyOf": [{"type": "object", "nullable": true}, {"type": "string", "nullable": true}]}),
                true,
            ),
            (
                json!({"oneOf": [{"type": "object", "nullable": true}, {"type": "string"}]}),
                true,
            ),
            (
                json!({"oneOf": [{"type": "object", "nullable": true}, {"type": "string", "nullable": true}]}),
                false,
            ),
        ] {
            let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(schema.clone()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(schema.is_nullable_any(), expected, "{schema:?}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn null_only_enum_and_const_infer_null_instead_of_string() {
        for source in [json!({"enum": [null]}), json!({"const": null})] {
            let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(source.clone()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(schema.inferred_type(), Some(SchemaType::Null), "{source}");
        }

        for source in [
            json!({"enum": ["null"]}),
            json!({"enum": ["ready", null]}),
            json!({"type": "string", "enum": ["ready"]}),
        ] {
            let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(source.clone()).unwrap();
            assert_ne!(schema.inferred_type(), Some(SchemaType::Null), "{source}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn three_branch_unions_do_not_collapse_even_with_an_explicit_null() {
        for union_keyword in ["anyOf", "oneOf"] {
            let schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({
                (union_keyword): [
                    {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/User"},
                    {"type": "null"},
                    {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}
                ],
            }))
            .unwrap();
            assert!(
                schema.non_null_variant().is_none(),
                "{union_keyword} with three branches must retain its non-null union"
            );
            assert!(
                schema.is_nullable_any(),
                "{union_keyword} with an explicit null branch must remain nullable"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn is_json_media_type_accepts_canonical_and_structured_suffix() {
        // Canonical
        assert!(is_json_media_type("application/json"));
        // Parameters tolerated (RFC 7231 §3.1.1.1)
        assert!(is_json_media_type("application/json; charset=utf-8"));
        assert!(is_json_media_type("APPLICATION/JSON"));
        // RFC 6839 +json structured-syntax suffix
        assert!(is_json_media_type("application/vnd.api+json"));
        assert!(is_json_media_type("application/hal+json"));
        assert!(is_json_media_type("application/problem+json"));
        assert!(is_json_media_type("application/ld+json"));
        assert!(is_json_media_type(
            "application/vnd.api+json; charset=utf-8"
        ));
        // Negatives
        assert!(!is_json_media_type("application/xml"));
        assert!(!is_json_media_type("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"));
        assert!(!is_json_media_type("text/plain"));
        assert!(!is_json_media_type("application/jsonbutnotreally"));
        // +json suffix only applies to application/* per RFC 6839
        assert!(!is_json_media_type("text/something+json"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn response_media_helpers_normalize_parameters_and_case() {
        assert_eq!(
            media_type_essence("  Text/Plain ; charset=utf-8  "),
            "Text/Plain"
        );
        assert!(is_text_media_type("TEXT/HTML; charset=UTF-8"));
        assert!(!is_text_media_type("Text/Event-Stream; charset=utf-8"));
        assert!(is_wildcard_media_type("*/*; q=0.8"));
        assert!(is_wildcard_media_type("IMAGE/*"));
        assert!(is_wildcard_media_type("text/*"));
        assert!(!is_wildcard_media_type("image/*+json"));
        assert!(!is_wildcard_media_type("application/json"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn response_media_classifier_keeps_json_sse_and_text_distinct() {
        for media_type in [
            "application/json",
            "APPLICATION/PROBLEM+JSON; charset=utf-8",
        ] {
            assert_eq!(
                classify_response_media_type(media_type, None),
                ResponseMediaKind::Json,
                "{media_type}"
            );
        }

        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("Text/Event-Stream; charset=utf-8", None),
            ResponseMediaKind::EventStream
        );
        for media_type in ["text/plain", "TEXT/HTML; charset=UTF-8"] {
            assert_eq!(
                classify_response_media_type(media_type, None),
                ResponseMediaKind::Text,
                "{media_type}"
            );
        }
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("text/event-streaming", None),
            ResponseMediaKind::Text
        );
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("text/*", None),
            ResponseMediaKind::Unsupported,
            "a media range is not a valid concrete response Content-Type"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn response_json_content_skips_schema_less_canonical_entry() {
        let response: Response = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "description": "mixed JSON",
            "content": {
                "application/json": {},
                "application/vnd.example+json": {
                    "schema": { "type": "string" }
                }
            }
        }))
        .unwrap();

        let (media_type, schema) = response.json_content().expect("schema-bearing JSON");
        assert_eq!(media_type, "application/vnd.example+json");
        assert!(matches!(schema.schema_type(), Some(SchemaType::String)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn response_media_classifier_recognizes_binary_formats_and_wildcards() {
        for media_type in [
            "image/png",
            "IMAGE/*; version=1",
            "audio/mpeg",
            "video/mp4",
            "application/octet-stream",
            "APPLICATION/ZIP; version=1",
            "application/*",
            "*/*",
        ] {
            assert_eq!(
                classify_response_media_type(media_type, None),
                ResponseMediaKind::Binary,
                "{media_type}"
            );
        }

        let binary_schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "type": "string",
            "format": "BINARY"
        }))
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("application/x-custom", Some(&binary_schema)),
            ResponseMediaKind::Binary
        );
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("text/plain", Some(&binary_schema)),
            ResponseMediaKind::Binary,
            "an explicit binary schema must prevent UTF-8 decoding"
        );
        assert!(is_binary_media_type(
            "application/x-custom",
            Some(&binary_schema)
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn response_media_classifier_leaves_ambiguous_formats_unsupported() {
        let string_schema: Schema = serde_json::from_value(json!({ "type": "string" })).unwrap();
        for media_type in ["application/x-unknown", "not-a-media-type"] {
            assert_eq!(
                classify_response_media_type(media_type, Some(&string_schema)),
                ResponseMediaKind::Unsupported,
                "{media_type}"
            );
        }
        // PDF bodies are raw bytes; XML bodies are character data. Both are
        // pass-through lossless for a server that never parses the payload,
        // so they classify instead of failing generation.
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("application/pdf", Some(&string_schema)),
            ResponseMediaKind::Binary
        );
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("application/xml", Some(&string_schema)),
            ResponseMediaKind::Text
        );
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("application/atom+xml", Some(&string_schema)),
            ResponseMediaKind::Text
        );
        // JWT compact serializations (RFC 7519) are ASCII text.
        assert_eq!(
            classify_response_media_type("application/jwt", Some(&string_schema)),
            ResponseMediaKind::Text
        );
        assert!(!is_binary_media_type("text/plain", None));
    }

    #[test]
    fn request_body_json_schema_finds_vnd_api_plus_json() {
        // Mirrors Latitude.sh: request body declared under
        // application/vnd.api+json without a sibling application/json.
        let body_json = json!({
            "required": true,
            "content": {
                "application/vnd.api+json": {
                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/create_api_key"}
                }
            }
        });

        let body: RequestBody = serde_json::from_value(body_json).unwrap();
        let schema = body.json_schema().expect("expected +json schema match");
        assert!(schema.is_reference());
    }

    #[test]
    fn request_body_best_content_prefers_canonical_json_over_plus_json() {
        // When both are present (e.g. Latitude.sh's POST /auth/api_keys),
        // best_content should still pick application/json for backwards
        // compatibility with the existing snapshot suite.
        let body_json = json!({
            "required": true,
            "content": {
                "application/json": {
                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/A"}
                },
                "application/vnd.api+json": {
                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/B"}
                }
            }
        });

        let body: RequestBody = serde_json::from_value(body_json).unwrap();
        let (ct, _) = body.best_content().expect("expected best_content");
        assert_eq!(ct, "application/json");
    }

    #[test]
    fn request_body_best_content_falls_back_to_plus_json() {
        // When only the +json variant is declared, best_content returns
        // it instead of skipping straight to form-urlencoded.
        let body_json = json!({
            "required": true,
            "content": {
                "application/vnd.api+json": {
                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/B"}
                }
            }
        });

        let body: RequestBody = serde_json::from_value(body_json).unwrap();
        let (ct, _) = body.best_content().expect("expected best_content");
        assert_eq!(ct, "application/vnd.api+json");
    }

    #[test]
    fn request_body_best_content_does_not_select_wildcard_media_ranges() {
        let body: RequestBody = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "required": true,
            "content": {
                "image/*": {
                    "schema": { "type": "string", "format": "binary" }
                },
                "*/*": {
                    "schema": { "type": "string", "format": "binary" }
                }
            }
        }))
        .unwrap();

        assert!(
            body.best_content().is_none(),
            "request media ranges require a runtime concrete Content-Type"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn request_body_best_content_matches_parameterized_text_plain_by_essence() {
        let body: RequestBody = serde_json::from_value(json!({
            "required": true,
            "content": {
                "Text/Plain; charset=utf-8": {
                    "schema": { "type": "string" }
                }
            }
        }))
        .unwrap();

        let (media_type, _) = body.best_content().expect("parameterized text body");
        assert_eq!(media_type, "Text/Plain; charset=utf-8");
    }

    #[test]
    fn response_json_schema_finds_vnd_api_plus_json() {
        // Mirrors every Latitude.sh response: schema lives under
        // application/vnd.api+json only.
        let resp_json = json!({
            "description": "OK",
            "content": {
                "application/vnd.api+json": {
                    "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/api_keys"}
                }
            }
        });

        let resp: Response = serde_json::from_value(resp_json).unwrap();
        let schema = resp.json_schema().expect("expected +json schema match");
        assert!(schema.is_reference());
    }
}