pub trait Display {
    // Required method
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}
Expand description

Format trait for an empty format, {}.

Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the ToString trait for the type, allowing the usage of the .to_string() method. Prefer implementing the Display trait for a type, rather than ToString.

Display is similar to Debug, but Display is for user-facing output, and so cannot be derived.

For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.

§Internationalization

Because a type can only have one Display implementation, it is often preferable to only implement Display when there is a single most “obvious” way that values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the “invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.

If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods like str::escape_default or Path::display which create a wrapper implementing Display to output the specific display format.

§Examples

Implementing Display on a type:

use std::fmt;

struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

impl fmt::Display for Point {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
    }
}

let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };

assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");

Required Methods§

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

§Examples
use std::fmt;

struct Position {
    longitude: f32,
    latitude: f32,
}

impl fmt::Display for Position {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
    }
}

assert_eq!("(1.987, 2.983)",
           format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }));

Implementors§

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impl Display for DeployReport

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impl Display for AddKeyFailure

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::account::FromStrError

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impl Display for RemoveKeyFailure

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impl Display for SetThresholdFailure

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impl Display for UpdateKeyFailure

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::bytesrepr::Error

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::contracts::FromStrError

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impl Display for ApiError

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impl Display for CLValueError

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::Error

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impl Display for Key

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::KeyFromStrError

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impl Display for ParseSemVerError

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impl Display for PublicKey

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impl Display for SecretKey

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impl Display for Signature

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::TransferFromStrError

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::URefFromStrError

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::system::auction::Error

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::system::Error

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impl Display for SystemContractType

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::system::handle_payment::Error

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::casper_types::system::mint::Error

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impl Display for AsciiChar

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impl Display for Infallible

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impl Display for IpAddr

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impl Display for SocketAddr

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impl Display for VarError

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impl Display for ErrorKind

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impl Display for RecvTimeoutError

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impl Display for TryRecvError

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impl Display for base16::DecodeError

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impl Display for base64::decode::DecodeError

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impl Display for hex::error::FromHexError

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impl Display for rand::distributions::bernoulli::BernoulliError

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impl Display for rand::distributions::bernoulli::BernoulliError

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impl Display for Value

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impl Display for FromDecStrErr

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impl Display for bool

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impl Display for char

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impl Display for f32

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impl Display for f64

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impl Display for i8

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impl Display for i16

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impl Display for i32

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impl Display for i64

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impl Display for i128

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impl Display for isize

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impl Display for !

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impl Display for str

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impl Display for u8

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impl Display for u16

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impl Display for u32

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impl Display for u64

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impl Display for u128

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impl Display for usize

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impl Display for FromUtf8Error

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impl Display for FromUtf16Error

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impl Display for String

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impl Display for TryReserveError

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impl Display for AccountHash

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impl Display for TryFromSliceForContractHashError

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impl Display for AccessRights

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impl Display for CLTypeMismatch

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impl Display for ContractHash

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impl Display for ContractPackageHash

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impl Display for ContractVersionKey

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impl Display for ContractWasmHash

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impl Display for EraId

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impl Display for Gas

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impl Display for Motes

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impl Display for ProtocolVersion

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impl Display for SemVer

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impl Display for TypeMismatch

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impl Display for TransferAddr

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impl Display for U128

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impl Display for U256

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impl Display for U512

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impl Display for URef

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impl Display for AllocError

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impl Display for LayoutError

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impl Display for UnorderedKeyError

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impl Display for FromVecWithNulError

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impl Display for IntoStringError

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impl Display for NulError

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impl Display for ParseBoolError

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impl Display for Utf8Error

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impl Display for TryFromSliceError

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impl Display for core::ascii::EscapeDefault

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impl Display for BorrowError

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impl Display for BorrowMutError

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impl Display for CharTryFromError

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impl Display for ParseCharError

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impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error

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impl Display for core::char::EscapeDebug

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impl Display for core::char::EscapeDefault

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impl Display for core::char::EscapeUnicode

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impl Display for ToLowercase

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impl Display for ToUppercase

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impl Display for TryFromCharError

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impl Display for FromBytesUntilNulError

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impl Display for FromBytesWithNulError

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impl Display for Ipv4Addr

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impl Display for Ipv6Addr

Write an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.

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impl Display for AddrParseError

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impl Display for SocketAddrV4

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impl Display for SocketAddrV6

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impl Display for core::num::dec2flt::ParseFloatError

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impl Display for ParseIntError

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impl Display for TryFromIntError

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impl Display for Location<'_>

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impl Display for PanicInfo<'_>

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impl Display for TryFromFloatSecsError

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impl Display for Backtrace

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impl Display for JoinPathsError

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impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>

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impl Display for WriterPanicked

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impl Display for std::io::error::Error

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impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>

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impl Display for StripPrefixError

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impl Display for ExitStatus

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impl Display for ExitStatusError

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impl Display for RecvError

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impl Display for AccessError

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impl Display for SystemTimeError

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impl Display for crypto_mac::errors::InvalidKeyLength

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impl Display for crypto_mac::errors::InvalidKeyLength

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impl Display for crypto_mac::errors::MacError

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impl Display for crypto_mac::errors::MacError

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impl Display for InvalidOutputSize

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impl Display for elliptic_curve::error::Error

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impl Display for BigInt

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impl Display for BigUint

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impl Display for ParseBigIntError

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impl Display for ParseRatioError

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impl Display for num_traits::ParseFloatError

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impl Display for rand_core::error::Error

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impl Display for rand_core::error::Error

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impl Display for serde::de::value::Error

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impl Display for serde_json::error::Error

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impl Display for Number

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impl Display for signature::error::Error

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impl Display for uint::uint::FromHexError

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impl Display for FromStrRadixErr

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impl Display for Arguments<'_>

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impl Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::alloc::fmt::Error

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impl<'a> Display for Unexpected<'a>

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impl<'a> Display for EscapeAscii<'a>

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impl<'a> Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::alloc::str::EscapeDebug<'a>

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impl<'a> Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::alloc::str::EscapeDefault<'a>

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impl<'a> Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::alloc::str::EscapeUnicode<'a>

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impl<'a> Display for Base64Display<'a>

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impl<'a> Display for dyn Expected + 'a

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impl<'a, K, V> Display for std::collections::hash::map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V>
where K: Debug, V: Debug,

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impl<'a, K, V, A> Display for odra::prelude::casper_event_standard::alloc::collections::btree_map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, A>
where K: Debug + Ord, V: Debug, A: Allocator + Clone,

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impl<'a, K, V, S, A> Display for hashbrown::map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, S, A>
where K: Debug, V: Debug, A: Allocator + Clone,

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impl<B> Display for Cow<'_, B>
where B: Display + ToOwned + ?Sized, <B as ToOwned>::Owned: Display,

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impl<E> Display for Report<E>
where E: Error,

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impl<E> Display for ParseComplexError<E>
where E: Display,

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impl<F> Display for FormatterFn<F>
where F: Fn(&mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>,

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impl<M> Display for BitIdx<M>
where M: BitMemory,

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impl<M> Display for BitMask<M>
where M: BitMemory,

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impl<M> Display for BitSel<M>
where M: BitMemory,

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impl<M> Display for BitTail<M>
where M: BitMemory,

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impl<O, T> Display for BitSlice<O, T>
where O: BitOrder, T: BitStore,

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impl<O, V> Display for BitArray<O, V>
where O: BitOrder, V: BitView,

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impl<Ptr> Display for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Display,

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impl<T> Display for TrySendError<T>

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impl<T> Display for TryLockError<T>

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impl<T> Display for &T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for &mut T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for ThinBox<T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for Ref<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for RefMut<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for NonZero<T>

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impl<T> Display for Saturating<T>
where T: Display,

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impl<T> Display for Wrapping<T>
where T: Display,

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impl<T> Display for SendError<T>

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impl<T> Display for MappedMutexGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for MutexGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for PoisonError<T>

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impl<T> Display for ReentrantLockGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Display for HexFmt<T>
where T: AsRef<[u8]>,

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impl<T> Display for HexList<T>
where T: Clone + IntoIterator, <T as IntoIterator>::Item: AsRef<[u8]>,

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impl<T> Display for TryFromBigIntError<T>

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impl<T> Display for Complex<T>
where T: Display + Num + PartialOrd + Clone,

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impl<T> Display for Ratio<T>
where T: Display + Clone + Integer,

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impl<T> Display for FmtBinary<T>
where T: Binary + Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtDisplay<T>
where T: Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtLowerExp<T>
where T: LowerExp + Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtLowerHex<T>
where T: LowerHex + Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtOctal<T>
where T: Octal + Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtPointer<T>
where T: Pointer + Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtUpperExp<T>
where T: UpperExp + Display,

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impl<T> Display for FmtUpperHex<T>
where T: UpperHex + Display,

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impl<T, A> Display for Box<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

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impl<T, A> Display for Rc<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

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impl<T, A> Display for Arc<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

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impl<W> Display for IntoInnerError<W>

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impl<const N: usize> Display for GetManyMutError<N>