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ntfs_reader/
mft.rs

1// Copyright (c) 2022, Matteo Bernacchia <dev@kikijiki.com>. All rights reserved.
2// This project is dual licensed under the Apache License 2.0 and the MIT license.
3// See the LICENSE files in the project root for details.
4
5use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom};
6use std::mem::size_of;
7
8use crate::{
9    aligned_reader::open_volume,
10    api::*,
11    attribute::{DataRun, NtfsAttribute},
12    errors::{NtfsReaderError, NtfsReaderResult},
13    file::NtfsFile,
14    volume::Volume,
15};
16
17pub struct Mft {
18    pub volume: Volume,
19    pub data: Vec<u8>,
20    pub bitmap: Vec<u8>,
21    pub max_record: u64,
22}
23
24impl Mft {
25    pub fn new(volume: Volume) -> NtfsReaderResult<Self> {
26        let mut reader = open_volume(&volume.path)?;
27
28        let mft_record =
29            Self::get_record_fs(&mut reader, volume.file_record_size, volume.mft_position)?;
30
31        let mut data =
32            Self::read_data_fs(&volume, &mut reader, &mft_record, NtfsAttributeType::Data)?
33                .ok_or_else(|| NtfsReaderError::MissingMftAttribute("Data".to_string()))?;
34        let bitmap =
35            Self::read_data_fs(&volume, &mut reader, &mft_record, NtfsAttributeType::Bitmap)?
36                .ok_or_else(|| NtfsReaderError::MissingMftAttribute("Bitmap".to_string()))?;
37
38        let max_record = data.len() as u64 / volume.file_record_size;
39
40        // Fixup all records so we are non mutable from now on.
41        for number in 0..max_record {
42            let start = number * volume.file_record_size;
43            let end = start + volume.file_record_size;
44            let (start, end) = (start as usize, end as usize);
45            let data = &mut data[start..end];
46            Self::fixup_record(number, data)?;
47        }
48
49        Ok(Mft {
50            volume,
51            data,
52            bitmap,
53            max_record,
54        })
55    }
56
57    pub fn record_exists(&self, number: u64) -> bool {
58        if number >= self.max_record {
59            return false;
60        }
61
62        let bitmap_idx = number / 8;
63        let bitmap_off = (number % 8) as u8;
64
65        if bitmap_idx >= self.bitmap.len() as u64 {
66            return false;
67        }
68
69        let bit = self.bitmap[bitmap_idx as usize];
70        (bit & (1u8 << bitmap_off)) != 0
71    }
72
73    pub fn files(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = NtfsFile<'_>> {
74        (FIRST_NORMAL_RECORD..self.max_record)
75            .filter(|&n| self.record_exists(n))
76            .filter_map(|n| self.get_record(n))
77            .filter(|f| f.is_used())
78    }
79
80    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.5", note = "use `files()` iterator instead")]
81    pub fn iterate_files<F>(&self, mut f: F)
82    where
83        F: FnMut(&NtfsFile),
84    {
85        for file in self.files() {
86            f(&file);
87        }
88    }
89
90    fn get_record_data(&self, number: u64) -> &[u8] {
91        let start = number * self.volume.file_record_size;
92        let end = start + self.volume.file_record_size;
93        &self.data[start as usize..end as usize]
94    }
95
96    pub fn get_record(&self, number: u64) -> Option<NtfsFile<'_>> {
97        if number >= self.max_record {
98            return None;
99        }
100        let data = self.get_record_data(number);
101
102        if NtfsFile::is_valid(data) {
103            return Some(NtfsFile::new(number, data));
104        }
105
106        None
107    }
108
109    pub fn get_record_fs<R>(
110        fs: &mut R,
111        file_record_size: u64,
112        position: u64,
113    ) -> NtfsReaderResult<Vec<u8>>
114    where
115        R: Seek + Read,
116    {
117        let mut data = vec![0; file_record_size as usize];
118        fs.seek(SeekFrom::Start(position))?;
119        fs.read_exact(&mut data)?;
120
121        if !NtfsFile::is_valid(&data) {
122            return Err(NtfsReaderError::InvalidMftRecord { position });
123        }
124        Self::fixup_record(0, &mut data)?;
125        Ok(data)
126    }
127
128    pub fn read_data_fs<R>(
129        volume: &Volume,
130        reader: &mut R,
131        record: &[u8],
132        attribute_type: NtfsAttributeType,
133    ) -> NtfsReaderResult<Option<Vec<u8>>>
134    where
135        R: Seek + Read,
136    {
137        let header = unsafe { &*(record.as_ptr() as *const NtfsFileRecordHeader) };
138        let mut att_offset = header.attributes_offset as usize;
139        let used = usize::min(header.used_size as usize, record.len());
140
141        // First pass: look for the attribute directly in this record
142        while att_offset < used {
143            let slice = &record[att_offset..used];
144            let attr = match NtfsAttribute::new(slice) {
145                Some(attr) => attr,
146                None => break,
147            };
148
149            if attr.header.type_id == NtfsAttributeType::End as u32 {
150                break;
151            }
152
153            if attr.header.type_id == attribute_type as u32 {
154                return Ok(Some(Self::read_attribute_data(reader, &attr, volume)?));
155            }
156
157            let attr_len = attr.len();
158            if attr_len == 0 {
159                break;
160            }
161            att_offset = match att_offset.checked_add(attr_len) {
162                Some(next) if next <= used => next,
163                _ => break,
164            };
165        }
166
167        // Second pass: if not found, check attribute list entries
168        att_offset = header.attributes_offset as usize;
169        while att_offset < used {
170            let slice = &record[att_offset..used];
171            let attr = match NtfsAttribute::new(slice) {
172                Some(attr) => attr,
173                None => break,
174            };
175
176            if attr.header.type_id == NtfsAttributeType::End as u32 {
177                break;
178            }
179
180            if attr.header.type_id == NtfsAttributeType::AttributeList as u32 {
181                let att_list_data = if attr.header.is_non_resident != 0 {
182                    Self::read_attribute_data(reader, &attr, volume)?
183                } else {
184                    match attr.as_resident_data() {
185                        Some(data) => data.to_vec(),
186                        None => break,
187                    }
188                };
189
190                let mut list_offset = 0usize;
191
192                while list_offset < att_list_data.len() {
193                    let entry_slice = &att_list_data[list_offset..];
194                    let entry = match parse_attribute_list_entry(entry_slice) {
195                        Some(entry) => entry,
196                        None => break,
197                    };
198
199                    let type_id = entry.type_id;
200                    let reference = entry.reference();
201                    let entry_len = entry.length as usize;
202
203                    if type_id == attribute_type as u32 {
204                        let record_position =
205                            volume.mft_position + (reference * volume.file_record_size);
206                        if let Ok(target_record) =
207                            Self::get_record_fs(reader, volume.file_record_size, record_position)
208                        {
209                            let target_header = unsafe {
210                                &*(target_record.as_ptr() as *const NtfsFileRecordHeader)
211                            };
212                            let mut target_offset = target_header.attributes_offset as usize;
213                            let target_used =
214                                usize::min(target_header.used_size as usize, target_record.len());
215
216                            while target_offset < target_used {
217                                let target_slice = &target_record[target_offset..target_used];
218                                let target_attr = match NtfsAttribute::new(target_slice) {
219                                    Some(attr) => attr,
220                                    None => break,
221                                };
222
223                                if target_attr.header.type_id == NtfsAttributeType::End as u32 {
224                                    break;
225                                }
226
227                                if target_attr.header.type_id == attribute_type as u32 {
228                                    return Ok(Some(Self::read_attribute_data(
229                                        reader,
230                                        &target_attr,
231                                        volume,
232                                    )?));
233                                }
234
235                                let len = target_attr.len();
236                                if len == 0 {
237                                    break;
238                                }
239                                target_offset = match target_offset.checked_add(len) {
240                                    Some(next) if next <= target_used => next,
241                                    _ => break,
242                                };
243                            }
244                        }
245                    }
246
247                    if entry_len == 0 {
248                        break;
249                    }
250                    list_offset = match list_offset.checked_add(entry_len) {
251                        Some(next) if next <= att_list_data.len() => next,
252                        _ => break,
253                    };
254                    let align = (8 - (list_offset % 8)) % 8;
255                    list_offset = match list_offset.checked_add(align) {
256                        Some(next) if next <= att_list_data.len() => next,
257                        _ => break,
258                    };
259                }
260            }
261
262            let attr_len = attr.len();
263            if attr_len == 0 {
264                break;
265            }
266            att_offset = match att_offset.checked_add(attr_len) {
267                Some(next) if next <= used => next,
268                _ => break,
269            };
270        }
271
272        Ok(None)
273    }
274
275    fn read_attribute_data<R>(
276        reader: &mut R,
277        att: &NtfsAttribute,
278        volume: &Volume,
279    ) -> NtfsReaderResult<Vec<u8>>
280    where
281        R: Seek + Read,
282    {
283        if att.header.is_non_resident == 0 {
284            let data = att
285                .as_resident_data()
286                .ok_or(NtfsReaderError::InvalidDataRun {
287                    details: "resident attribute missing value",
288                })?;
289            Ok(data.to_vec())
290        } else {
291            let (size, runs) = att.get_nonresident_data_runs(volume)?;
292            let total_size =
293                usize::try_from(size).map_err(|_| NtfsReaderError::AllocationTooLarge { size })?;
294
295            let mut data = Vec::new();
296            data.try_reserve(total_size)
297                .map_err(|_| NtfsReaderError::AllocationTooLarge { size })?;
298            let mut copied = 0u64;
299
300            for run in runs.iter() {
301                if copied >= size {
302                    break;
303                }
304
305                let buf_size = match run {
306                    DataRun::Data { lcn, length } => {
307                        let buf_size = u64::min(*length, size - copied);
308                        let start = data.len();
309                        data.resize(start + buf_size as usize, 0u8);
310
311                        reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(*lcn))?;
312                        reader.read_exact(&mut data[start..])?;
313                        buf_size
314                    }
315                    DataRun::Sparse { length } => {
316                        let buf_size = u64::min(*length, size - copied);
317                        data.resize(data.len() + buf_size as usize, 0);
318                        buf_size
319                    }
320                };
321                copied += buf_size;
322            }
323
324            Ok(data)
325        }
326    }
327
328    fn fixup_record(record_number: u64, data: &mut [u8]) -> NtfsReaderResult<()> {
329        if data.len() < core::mem::size_of::<NtfsFileRecordHeader>() {
330            return Err(NtfsReaderError::CorruptMftRecord {
331                number: record_number,
332            });
333        }
334        let header =
335            unsafe { core::ptr::read_unaligned(data.as_ptr() as *const NtfsFileRecordHeader) };
336
337        let usn_start = header.update_sequence_offset as usize;
338        if usn_start + 2 > data.len() {
339            return Err(NtfsReaderError::CorruptMftRecord {
340                number: record_number,
341            });
342        }
343        let usa_start = usn_start + 2;
344        let usa_end =
345            usn_start.saturating_add((header.update_sequence_length as usize).saturating_mul(2));
346        if usa_end > data.len() {
347            return Err(NtfsReaderError::CorruptMftRecord {
348                number: record_number,
349            });
350        }
351
352        let usn0 = data[usn_start];
353        let usn1 = data[usn_start + 1];
354
355        let mut sector_off = SECTOR_SIZE - 2;
356        for usa_off in (usa_start..usa_end).step_by(2) {
357            if sector_off + 2 > data.len() {
358                break;
359            }
360
361            let mut usa = [0u8; 2];
362            usa.copy_from_slice(&data[usa_off..usa_off + 2]);
363
364            let d0 = data[sector_off];
365            let d1 = data[sector_off + 1];
366            if d0 != usn0 || d1 != usn1 {
367                return Err(NtfsReaderError::CorruptMftRecord {
368                    number: record_number,
369                });
370            }
371
372            data[sector_off..sector_off + 2].copy_from_slice(&usa);
373            sector_off += SECTOR_SIZE;
374        }
375        Ok(())
376    }
377}
378
379fn parse_attribute_list_entry(data: &[u8]) -> Option<&NtfsAttributeListEntry> {
380    if data.len() < size_of::<NtfsAttributeListEntry>() {
381        return None;
382    }
383    let entry = unsafe { &*(data.as_ptr() as *const NtfsAttributeListEntry) };
384    let length = entry.length as usize;
385    if length < size_of::<NtfsAttributeListEntry>() || length > data.len() {
386        return None;
387    }
388    Some(entry)
389}