Function plan_sql_with_params 

pub fn plan_sql_with_params(
    sql: &str,
    params: &[ParamValue],
    catalog: &dyn SqlCatalog,
) -> Result<Vec<SqlPlan>>

Plan SQL with bound parameters (prepared statement execution).

Parses the SQL (which may contain $1, $2, … placeholders), substitutes placeholder AST nodes with concrete literal values from params, then plans normally. This avoids SQL text substitution entirely — parameters are bound at the AST level, not the string level.