Module transform 

Transform factory functions

Every visual operation is a matrix. Compose them via multiplication. M_final = M_last * … * M_first (applied right to left).

Functions

compose_2d

Compose two 2D transforms: result = a * b (b applied first)

compose_3d

Compose two 3D transforms: result = a * b (b applied first)

ortho

Orthographic projection: maps [l,r]×[b,t]×[n,f] → [-1,1]³

perspective

Perspective projection (fov_y in radians, aspect = width/height)

rotate_2d

2D rotation (counter-clockwise, radians)

rotate_x

Rotation around X axis

rotate_y

Rotation around Y axis

rotate_z

Rotation around Z axis

scale_2d

2D non-uniform scale

scale_2d_uniform

2D uniform scale

scale_3d

3D non-uniform scale

shear_2d

2D shear

translate_2d

2D translation

translate_3d

3D translation

viewport

Screen-space transform: NDC [-1,1]² → pixel [0,w)×[0,h)