monetize_embed/

signing.rs

//! **The one canonical form** an entitlement is signed over, and the verify side.
//!
//! Signing lives in `monetize` (it has the key); verifying lives here because a product
//! must check a fact without linking the core (redb, vendors). Core depends on this
//! crate for [`fact_message`] so there is exactly one canonical form.
//!
//! Canonical JSON: the fact's fields minus `signature`, objects with keys sorted
//! bytewise, no whitespace. `serde_json`'s map is sorted by default but that is a cargo
//! feature (`preserve_order`) any crate in the build could flip, so the sort is done
//! here, explicitly, and does not depend on it.

use ed25519_dalek::{Signature, Verifier, VerifyingKey};
use monetize_product::EntitlementFact;
use serde_json::Value;

/// A signed set of facts, the file monetize hands a product so it can start (or
/// restart) with the full picture before any push arrives.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct Snapshot {
    /// Monotonic: a cache refuses a snapshot older than the one it holds (replay).
    pub issued_unix_ms: u64,
    pub facts: Vec<EntitlementFact>,
    /// Ed25519 over [`snapshot_message`], by monetize's key.
    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
}

#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum SignatureError {
    #[error("signature is not 64 bytes")]
    Malformed,
    #[error("signature does not verify for tenant {0}")]
    Fact(String),
    /// The fact's ISSUE TIME is not signed by the same key, or the fact carries
    /// one half of the stamp without the other. Told apart from [`Self::Fact`]
    /// on purpose: the six fields were genuine and the monotonic half was not,
    /// which is a tampering attempt with a different shape and a different
    /// remedy from a wholly forged fact.
    #[error("the issue time on the fact for tenant {0} is not signed by the same key")]
    Issued(String),
    #[error("snapshot envelope signature does not verify")]
    Envelope,
    #[error("go-ahead signature does not verify for nonce {0}")]
    GoAhead(String),
    /// An actor ticket was refused. The string is the OPERATOR's reason and may
    /// name the ticket's own fields; see `crate::ticket::verify_ticket` for why
    /// none of them is a customer's to read.
    #[error("the actor ticket was refused: {0}")]
    Ticket(String),
    /// A shop's go-ahead to grow a sold estate's data does not verify.
    #[error("the shop's growth go-ahead for {0} does not verify")]
    Growth(String),
    /// A sold estate's call to its shop is not signed by the estate's key.
    #[error("the call is not signed by {0}'s key")]
    Call(String),
}

/// Write `value` as canonical JSON: keys sorted, no whitespace.
pub fn canonical_json(value: &Value, out: &mut String) {
    match value {
        Value::Object(map) => {
            let mut keys: Vec<&String> = map.keys().collect();
            keys.sort();
            out.push('{');
            for (i, k) in keys.iter().enumerate() {
                if i > 0 {
                    out.push(',');
                }
                // A key is a string: written as the JSON string serde_json writes for it.
                out.push_str(&Value::String((*k).clone()).to_string());
                out.push(':');
                canonical_json(&map[*k], out);
            }
            out.push('}');
        }
        Value::Array(items) => {
            out.push('[');
            for (i, v) in items.iter().enumerate() {
                if i > 0 {
                    out.push(',');
                }
                canonical_json(v, out);
            }
            out.push(']');
        }
        other => out.push_str(&other.to_string()),
    }
}

/// Canonical JSON of the fact with `drop` removed. The ONE writer of a fact's
/// signed bytes; the two forms below differ only in what they drop, so they
/// cannot drift apart.
fn fact_form(fact: &EntitlementFact, drop: &[&str]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(fact).expect("fact serializes");
    let object = v.as_object_mut().expect("fact is an object");
    for key in drop {
        object.remove(*key);
    }
    let mut s = String::new();
    canonical_json(&v, &mut s);
    s.into_bytes()
}

/// **The V1 form**: every field except `signature`, `issued_unix_ms` and
/// `issued_signature`.
///
/// This is byte for byte what it was before the issue time existed, and it must
/// stay that way for ever: it is the form an appliance built before 2026-09-17
/// computes from the seven proto fields it knows, and every fact ever signed
/// carries a signature over it. Adding the issue time HERE instead of in a
/// second form would have invalidated every one of them at once.
pub fn fact_message(fact: &EntitlementFact) -> Vec<u8> {
    fact_form(fact, &["signature", "issued_unix_ms", "issued_signature"])
}

/// **The V2 form**: [`fact_message`] plus `issued_unix_ms`. What
/// [`EntitlementFact::issued_signature`] covers, and the reason the issue time
/// cannot be added, moved or bumped by anyone but monetize.
pub fn fact_message_issued(fact: &EntitlementFact) -> Vec<u8> {
    fact_form(fact, &["signature", "issued_signature"])
}

/// The bytes a snapshot's envelope signature covers. The facts inside keep their own
/// signatures (they are part of the message), so a snapshot vouches for the *set*.
pub fn snapshot_message(issued_unix_ms: u64, facts: &[EntitlementFact]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let v = serde_json::json!({ "issued_unix_ms": issued_unix_ms, "facts": facts });
    let mut s = String::new();
    canonical_json(&v, &mut s);
    s.into_bytes()
}

pub(crate) fn check(key: &VerifyingKey, msg: &[u8], sig: &[u8]) -> Result<bool, SignatureError> {
    let sig = Signature::from_slice(sig).map_err(|_| SignatureError::Malformed)?;
    Ok(key.verify(msg, &sig).is_ok())
}

/// **Both halves.** The V1 signature always, and the V2 signature whenever the
/// fact carries an issue time.
///
/// The two are checked together and never apart, which is what stops the issue
/// time being editable in transit. Three shapes are refused here and not later:
///
/// * a stamped fact whose `issued_signature` does not verify — someone ADDED or
///   BUMPED an issue time. Bumping matters as much as adding: a fact stamped
///   far in the future would latch a product's high-water mark past every
///   legitimate fact monetize will ever mint for that tenant, which is a lasting
///   denial of service dressed as a plan change;
/// * `issued_signature` with no `issued_unix_ms`, and
/// * `issued_unix_ms` with no `issued_signature` — an unsigned issue time is not
///   a weaker fact, it is a forged one.
pub fn verify_fact(fact: &EntitlementFact, key: &VerifyingKey) -> Result<(), SignatureError> {
    if !check(key, &fact_message(fact), &fact.signature)? {
        return Err(SignatureError::Fact(fact.tenant.0.clone()));
    }
    match (fact.issued_unix_ms, fact.issued_signature.is_empty()) {
        // Unstamped: a fact signed before the issue time existed. Legal.
        (None, true) => Ok(()),
        (Some(_), false) => {
            if check(key, &fact_message_issued(fact), &fact.issued_signature)? {
                Ok(())
            } else {
                Err(SignatureError::Issued(fact.tenant.0.clone()))
            }
        }
        (None, false) | (Some(_), true) => Err(SignatureError::Issued(fact.tenant.0.clone())),
    }
}

/// Envelope first, then every fact: one forged fact rejects the whole snapshot.
pub fn verify_snapshot(snap: &Snapshot, key: &VerifyingKey) -> Result<(), SignatureError> {
    if !check(key, &snapshot_message(snap.issued_unix_ms, &snap.facts), &snap.signature)? {
        return Err(SignatureError::Envelope);
    }
    snap.facts.iter().try_for_each(|f| verify_fact(f, key))
}

// ── the growth go-ahead (`DATA-SET-GROWTH-FLOW.md` D3 / T14) ───────────────

/// **The go-ahead a data-set growth is started on**, as gunnar's
/// `gunnar_server::grow::go_ahead::GoAhead` parses it:
///
/// ```json
/// {"v":1,"signer":"monetize","target_sectors":<u64>,"nonce":"<one line ≤256 B>",
///  "issued_unix_ms":<i64>,"signature":"<base64, standard alphabet, padded>"}
/// ```
///
/// The signature is Ed25519 by monetize's signing key over
/// [`go_ahead_message`]: the canonical JSON (keys sorted bytewise, no
/// whitespace) of the object MINUS `signature` — the same form and the same
/// key an [`EntitlementFact`] is signed with, so a metered gunnar verifies it
/// with the `--monetize-pubkey` it already holds. gunnar checks the structure
/// (`v`, a known `signer`, a non-empty nonce, `target_sectors` equal to the
/// request's, the nonce unspent on that box); a `monetize` policy plugged into
/// its `GoAheadPolicy` calls [`verify_go_ahead`].
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct GoAhead {
    pub v: u32,
    pub signer: String,
    pub target_sectors: u64,
    pub nonce: String,
    pub issued_unix_ms: i64,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub signature: String,
}

/// The signer word a monetize-minted go-ahead carries.
pub const GO_AHEAD_SIGNER_MONETIZE: &str = "monetize";

/// The bytes a go-ahead's signature covers: every field except `signature`,
/// canonical.
pub fn go_ahead_message(go: &GoAhead) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(go).expect("go-ahead serializes");
    v.as_object_mut().expect("go-ahead is an object").remove("signature");
    let mut s = String::new();
    canonical_json(&v, &mut s);
    s.into_bytes()
}

/// Parse the bytes handed on the wire and verify the signature under `key`.
/// Structure first (so a refusal names what is wrong), then the signature.
pub fn verify_go_ahead(bytes: &[u8], key: &VerifyingKey) -> Result<GoAhead, SignatureError> {
    let go: GoAhead = serde_json::from_slice(bytes).map_err(|_| SignatureError::Malformed)?;
    if go.v != 1 || go.signer != GO_AHEAD_SIGNER_MONETIZE || go.nonce.trim().is_empty() {
        return Err(SignatureError::Malformed);
    }
    let sig = base64_decode(&go.signature).ok_or(SignatureError::Malformed)?;
    if check(key, &go_ahead_message(&go), &sig)? {
        Ok(go)
    } else {
        Err(SignatureError::GoAhead(go.nonce.clone()))
    }
}

const B64: &[u8; 64] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

/// Standard base64, padded — the alphabet `GoAhead.signature` is written in.
/// Twenty lines here rather than a dependency the two crates that need it
/// (this one and `monetize`) would otherwise add for one field.
pub fn base64_encode(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut out = String::with_capacity(bytes.len().div_ceil(3) * 4);
    for chunk in bytes.chunks(3) {
        let b = [chunk[0], *chunk.get(1).unwrap_or(&0), *chunk.get(2).unwrap_or(&0)];
        let n = (u32::from(b[0]) << 16) | (u32::from(b[1]) << 8) | u32::from(b[2]);
        out.push(B64[(n >> 18) as usize & 63] as char);
        out.push(B64[(n >> 12) as usize & 63] as char);
        out.push(if chunk.len() > 1 { B64[(n >> 6) as usize & 63] as char } else { '=' });
        out.push(if chunk.len() > 2 { B64[n as usize & 63] as char } else { '=' });
    }
    out
}

/// The inverse; `None` on anything that is not padded standard base64.
pub fn base64_decode(text: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
    let text = text.trim();
    if text.len() % 4 != 0 {
        return None;
    }
    let val = |c: u8| B64.iter().position(|b| *b == c).map(|p| p as u32);
    let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(text.len() / 4 * 3);
    for chunk in text.as_bytes().chunks(4) {
        let pad = chunk.iter().rev().take_while(|c| **c == b'=').count();
        if pad > 2 || chunk[..4 - pad].contains(&b'=') {
            return None;
        }
        let mut n = 0u32;
        for (i, c) in chunk.iter().enumerate() {
            let v = if i >= 4 - pad { 0 } else { val(*c)? };
            n = (n << 6) | v;
        }
        out.push((n >> 16) as u8);
        if pad < 2 {
            out.push((n >> 8) as u8);
        }
        if pad < 1 {
            out.push(n as u8);
        }
    }
    Some(out)
}

// ── a sold estate grows through its shop (one shop, 2026-10-07) ───────────

/// **The shop's go-ahead to grow a sold estate's data**: what the shop sold
/// (main's data GB per disk), for which estate, until when. The shop's
/// monetize signs it with its fact key once the step is paid; the estate
/// pulls it in a `grow_go_ahead` order (G16-d; no estate runs a monetize) and verifies it under the ONE monetize's
/// public key, fed at install, before its growth runs:
///
/// ```json
/// {"v":1,"signer":"shop","estate":"acme","main_data_gib_per_member":25,
///  "until_unix_ms":<i64>,"reference":"estate/acme/change-2",
///  "issued_unix_ms":<i64>,"signature":"<base64, standard alphabet, padded>"}
/// ```
///
/// Signed as [`GoAhead`] is: Ed25519 over the canonical JSON of every field
/// but `signature`.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct EstateGrowth {
    pub v: u32,
    pub signer: String,
    /// The estate's company name (`acme` of `acme.gunnar.rs`).
    pub estate: String,
    /// GB per data disk on main, as paid. The twin's data disk holds them all.
    pub main_data_gib_per_member: u64,
    /// The go-ahead is good until then: the end of the period it was paid for.
    pub until_unix_ms: i64,
    /// The shop's order reference the step was paid on.
    pub reference: String,
    pub issued_unix_ms: i64,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub signature: String,
}

/// The signer word a shop-minted growth go-ahead carries.
pub const GROWTH_SIGNER_SHOP: &str = "shop";

/// The bytes an [`EstateGrowth`]'s signature covers.
pub fn estate_growth_message(g: &EstateGrowth) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(g).expect("a growth go-ahead serializes");
    v.as_object_mut().expect("a growth go-ahead is an object").remove("signature");
    let mut s = String::new();
    canonical_json(&v, &mut s);
    s.into_bytes()
}

/// Parse the bytes and verify them under the shop's `key`. Structure first,
/// then the signature. Expiry is the caller's: it holds the clock.
pub fn verify_estate_growth(bytes: &[u8], key: &VerifyingKey) -> Result<EstateGrowth, SignatureError> {
    let g: EstateGrowth = serde_json::from_slice(bytes).map_err(|_| SignatureError::Malformed)?;
    if g.v != 1 || g.signer != GROWTH_SIGNER_SHOP || g.estate.trim().is_empty() || g.main_data_gib_per_member == 0 {
        return Err(SignatureError::Malformed);
    }
    let sig = base64_decode(&g.signature).ok_or(SignatureError::Malformed)?;
    if check(key, &estate_growth_message(&g), &sig)? {
        Ok(g)
    } else {
        Err(SignatureError::Growth(g.estate.clone()))
    }
}

/// **A sold estate's call to its shop** (`SoldEstate.Recharge`, `Upgrade`, `TakeMaterial`,
/// `UpdateTake`, `UpdateReport`): what is asked, by which estate, when. The estate's
/// monetize signs it with the client key minted for it at install (kept in
/// the shop's custody); the shop verifies it under the key's public half,
/// recorded on the order. A call is fresh for [`CALL_FRESH_MS`] either side of
/// the shop's clock.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct EstateCall {
    pub v: u32,
    /// `grow-go-ahead` | `grow-set`.
    pub call: String,
    pub estate: String,
    /// `grow-set`: the data disks to size, by the estate's own names.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub members: Vec<String>,
    /// `grow-set`: GB each member is sized to.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub gib: u64,
    pub at_unix_ms: i64,
    /// `recharge` (F4, 2026-10-09): what the call carries besides its words — the seed a
    /// recharged box is laid with — so the signature covers it. Empty, and then absent from the
    /// canonical JSON, on every other call: their signatures are as before.
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
    pub carries: String,
}

/// How far a call's time may be from the shop's clock.
pub const CALL_FRESH_MS: i64 = 5 * 60 * 1000;

/// The bytes an [`EstateCall`]'s signature covers: its canonical JSON.
pub fn estate_call_message(c: &EstateCall) -> Vec<u8> {
    let v = serde_json::to_value(c).expect("an estate call serializes");
    let mut s = String::new();
    canonical_json(&v, &mut s);
    s.into_bytes()
}

/// Verify a call's `signature` under the estate's client `key`, and that it
/// is fresh at `now_unix_ms`.
pub fn verify_estate_call(c: &EstateCall, signature: &[u8], key: &VerifyingKey, now_unix_ms: i64) -> Result<(), SignatureError> {
    if c.v != 1 || c.estate.trim().is_empty() || (c.at_unix_ms - now_unix_ms).abs() > CALL_FRESH_MS {
        return Err(SignatureError::Call(c.estate.clone()));
    }
    if check(key, &estate_call_message(c), signature)? {
        Ok(())
    } else {
        Err(SignatureError::Call(c.estate.clone()))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod go_ahead_tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn base64_round_trips_every_padding_shape_and_refuses_junk() {
        for n in 0..10 {
            let bytes: Vec<u8> = (0..n).map(|i| (i * 37 + 11) as u8).collect();
            let enc = base64_encode(&bytes);
            assert_eq!(enc.len() % 4, 0);
            assert_eq!(base64_decode(&enc).unwrap(), bytes, "{enc}");
        }
        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"Man"), "TWFu");
        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"Ma"), "TWE=");
        assert_eq!(base64_encode(b"M"), "TQ==");
        assert_eq!(base64_decode("TQ="), None);
        assert_eq!(base64_decode("T@=="), None);
        assert_eq!(base64_decode("TQ=x"), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_go_ahead_message_is_canonical_and_excludes_the_signature() {
        let go = GoAhead { v: 1, signer: "monetize".into(), target_sectors: 134_217_728, nonce: "n-1".into(), issued_unix_ms: 1_800_000_000_000, signature: "zzz".into() };
        let msg = String::from_utf8(go_ahead_message(&go)).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(msg, r#"{"issued_unix_ms":1800000000000,"nonce":"n-1","signer":"monetize","target_sectors":134217728,"v":1}"#);
    }
}

// ── the two compatibility directions ───────────────────────────────────────

/// **The issue time was added on 2026-09-17, and nothing signed before it may
/// break.** These tests are the promise, written down where the forms are.
///
/// The two directions a change to a signed form has to answer:
///
/// * an OLD fact meeting NEW code — every signature ever minted still verifies,
///   because the V1 form is untouched;
/// * a NEW fact meeting an OLD appliance — it reads seven proto fields, computes
///   the V1 form and checks `signature`, which is exactly what
///   [`v1_of_a_stamped_fact_is_byte_for_byte_the_old_form`] measures.
///
/// Neither direction ends in service withdrawn from a paying customer. The
/// guard itself is the product's (gunnar's `EntitlementSlot::set`); what is
/// promised here is only that both generations can still read the fact.
#[cfg(test)]
mod stamp_tests {
    use super::*;
    use ed25519_dalek::{Signer as _, SigningKey};
    use monetize_product::{State, TenantId};

    fn key() -> SigningKey {
        SigningKey::from_bytes(&[3u8; 32])
    }

    fn bare() -> EntitlementFact {
        EntitlementFact {
            tenant: TenantId("team/sub".into()),
            plan: "gunnar/team/sub/2026-09-03".into(),
            state: State::Paid,
            paid_until_unix_ms: Some(1_790_812_800_000),
            caps: [("pack_bytes".to_string(), 10u64 << 30)].into(),
            source: "payment:invoice:ocr-42".into(),
            signature: vec![],
            issued_unix_ms: None,
            issued_signature: vec![],
        }
    }

    /// A fact as it was signed before the field existed: V1 only.
    fn v1(k: &SigningKey) -> EntitlementFact {
        let mut f = bare();
        f.signature = k.sign(&fact_message(&f)).to_bytes().to_vec();
        f
    }

    /// A fact as monetize mints one now: both signatures, stamped.
    fn stamped(k: &SigningKey, issued: u64) -> EntitlementFact {
        let mut f = bare();
        f.issued_unix_ms = Some(issued);
        f.signature = k.sign(&fact_message(&f)).to_bytes().to_vec();
        f.issued_signature = k.sign(&fact_message_issued(&f)).to_bytes().to_vec();
        f
    }

    /// **The old form is frozen.** The bytes below are what `fact_message`
    /// produced before the stamp existed, written out in full rather than
    /// computed, so a future field that forgets to exclude itself fails HERE
    /// and not on a customer's appliance.
    const V1_BYTES: &str = concat!(
        r#"{"caps":{"pack_bytes":10737418240},"paid_until_unix_ms":1790812800000,"#,
        r#""plan":"gunnar/team/sub/2026-09-03","source":"payment:invoice:ocr-42","#,
        r#""state":"Paid","tenant":"team/sub"}"#
    );

    #[test]
    fn v1_of_a_stamped_fact_is_byte_for_byte_the_old_form() {
        let k = key();
        assert_eq!(String::from_utf8(fact_message(&bare())).unwrap(), V1_BYTES);
        let stamped = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000);
        assert_eq!(
            String::from_utf8(fact_message(&stamped)).unwrap(),
            V1_BYTES,
            "an appliance that has never heard of the stamp computes exactly this"
        );
        // …and therefore the V1 signature on a stamped fact is the one such an
        // appliance checks, and it passes. This is the NEW-fact-meets-OLD-box
        // direction, and it must never become a refusal.
        assert!(check(&k.verifying_key(), V1_BYTES.as_bytes(), &stamped.signature).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_v2_form_is_the_v1_form_plus_the_issue_time_and_nothing_else() {
        let stamped = stamped(&key(), 1_789_000_000_000);
        assert_eq!(
            String::from_utf8(fact_message_issued(&stamped)).unwrap(),
            concat!(
                r#"{"caps":{"pack_bytes":10737418240},"issued_unix_ms":1789000000000,"#,
                r#""paid_until_unix_ms":1790812800000,"plan":"gunnar/team/sub/2026-09-03","#,
                r#""source":"payment:invoice:ocr-42","state":"Paid","tenant":"team/sub"}"#
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_fact_signed_before_the_stamp_existed_still_verifies() {
        let k = key();
        verify_fact(&v1(&k), &k.verifying_key()).expect("OLD fact, NEW code: accepted");
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_stamped_fact_verifies_both_halves() {
        let k = key();
        verify_fact(&stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000), &k.verifying_key()).unwrap();
    }

    /// **The issue time cannot be added, moved or bumped in transit.**
    ///
    /// Bumping is the one that would hurt most: a fact stamped far in the future
    /// moves a product's high-water mark past every fact monetize will ever mint
    /// for that tenant, so the tenant's plan can never be changed again. That is
    /// a lasting denial of service, and it is refused here, at the signature.
    #[test]
    fn refuse_twin_an_unsigned_or_bumped_issue_time_is_refused_by_its_own_name() {
        let k = key();
        let who = || SignatureError::Issued("team/sub".into());

        // Added to a fact that never had one.
        let mut added = v1(&k);
        added.issued_unix_ms = Some(u64::MAX);
        assert_eq!(verify_fact(&added, &k.verifying_key()), Err(who()));

        // Bumped on a genuinely stamped fact: the V1 signature still passes
        // (it never covered the field), and the V2 one does not.
        let mut bumped = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000);
        bumped.issued_unix_ms = Some(u64::MAX);
        assert!(check(&k.verifying_key(), &fact_message(&bumped), &bumped.signature).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(verify_fact(&bumped, &k.verifying_key()), Err(who()));

        // Half a stamp, either way round.
        let mut no_sig = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000);
        no_sig.issued_signature.clear();
        assert_eq!(verify_fact(&no_sig, &k.verifying_key()), Err(who()));
        let mut no_time = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000);
        no_time.issued_unix_ms = None;
        assert_eq!(verify_fact(&no_time, &k.verifying_key()), Err(who()));

        // A stamp lifted off another fact for the same tenant.
        let mut moved = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000);
        moved.issued_signature = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_001).issued_signature;
        assert_eq!(verify_fact(&moved, &k.verifying_key()), Err(who()));
    }

    /// A snapshot of stamped facts verifies whole, and one bumped stamp inside
    /// it rejects the whole snapshot — the envelope vouches for the SET.
    #[test]
    fn a_snapshot_carries_stamped_facts_and_one_bad_stamp_rejects_the_set() {
        let k = key();
        let good = stamped(&k, 1_789_000_000_000);
        let facts = vec![good.clone()];
        let signature = k.sign(&snapshot_message(9, &facts)).to_bytes().to_vec();
        let snap = Snapshot { issued_unix_ms: 9, facts, signature };
        verify_snapshot(&snap, &k.verifying_key()).unwrap();

        let mut bumped = good;
        bumped.issued_unix_ms = Some(u64::MAX);
        let facts = vec![bumped];
        let signature = k.sign(&snapshot_message(9, &facts)).to_bytes().to_vec();
        let snap = Snapshot { issued_unix_ms: 9, facts, signature };
        assert_eq!(
            verify_snapshot(&snap, &k.verifying_key()),
            Err(SignatureError::Issued("team/sub".into()))
        );
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod estate_growth_tests {
    use super::*;
    use ed25519_dalek::{Signer as _, SigningKey};

    fn growth(key: &SigningKey, gib: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut g = EstateGrowth { v: 1, signer: GROWTH_SIGNER_SHOP.into(), estate: "acme".into(), main_data_gib_per_member: gib, until_unix_ms: 9_000, reference: "estate/acme/change-2".into(), issued_unix_ms: 7, signature: String::new() };
        g.signature = base64_encode(&key.sign(&estate_growth_message(&g)).to_bytes());
        serde_json::to_vec(&g).unwrap()
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_shops_growth_go_ahead_verifies_under_its_key_alone() {
        let shop = SigningKey::from_bytes(&[3; 32]);
        let bytes = growth(&shop, 25);
        let g = verify_estate_growth(&bytes, &shop.verifying_key()).expect("the shop's own go-ahead verifies");
        assert_eq!((g.estate.as_str(), g.main_data_gib_per_member, g.until_unix_ms), ("acme", 25, 9_000));
        let other = SigningKey::from_bytes(&[4; 32]);
        assert_eq!(verify_estate_growth(&bytes, &other.verifying_key()), Err(SignatureError::Growth("acme".into())));
        let raised = String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap().replace("\"main_data_gib_per_member\":25", "\"main_data_gib_per_member\":250");
        assert_eq!(verify_estate_growth(raised.as_bytes(), &shop.verifying_key()), Err(SignatureError::Growth("acme".into())), "a raised size is not the shop's");
    }

    #[test]
    fn an_estates_call_is_its_keys_and_fresh() {
        let acme = SigningKey::from_bytes(&[5; 32]);
        let call = EstateCall { v: 1, call: "grow-set".into(), estate: "acme".into(), members: vec!["main-data-1".into()], gib: 25, at_unix_ms: 1_000_000, carries: String::new() };
        // A call that carries nothing signs as it always did: `carries` is absent from its JSON.
        assert!(!String::from_utf8(estate_call_message(&call)).unwrap().contains("carries"));
        let recharge = EstateCall { call: "recharge".into(), carries: "estate = \"acme\"".into(), ..call.clone() };
        assert!(String::from_utf8(estate_call_message(&recharge)).unwrap().contains("carries"), "the seed is signed");
        let sig = acme.sign(&estate_call_message(&call)).to_bytes();
        assert_eq!(verify_estate_call(&call, &sig, &acme.verifying_key(), 1_000_000 + 60_000), Ok(()));
        assert!(verify_estate_call(&call, &sig, &acme.verifying_key(), 1_000_000 + CALL_FRESH_MS + 1).is_err(), "a stale call is refused");
        let more = EstateCall { gib: 250, ..call.clone() };
        assert!(verify_estate_call(&more, &sig, &acme.verifying_key(), 1_000_000).is_err(), "the signed size is the size");
        let other = SigningKey::from_bytes(&[6; 32]);
        assert!(verify_estate_call(&call, &sig, &other.verifying_key(), 1_000_000).is_err());
    }
}

/// R5a: the canonical form's keys are written without an expect. Signed bytes
/// must not move: each key is still the JSON string serde_json writes for it.
#[cfg(test)]
mod canonical_key_tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn a_key_is_written_exactly_as_serde_json_writes_it() {
        for key in ["plain", "a\"quote", "back\\slash", "ü-ß", "tab\tnew\nline", "\u{1}ctl", "😀"] {
            let mut out = String::new();
            canonical_json(&serde_json::json!({ key: 1 }), &mut out);
            assert_eq!(out, format!("{{{}:1}}", serde_json::to_string(key).unwrap()), "{key:?}");
        }
    }
}