use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::mem;
use std::os::raw::{c_int, c_void};
use std::ptr;
use std::slice;

use crate::error::{Error, Result};
use crate::lua::Lua;
use crate::table::Table;
use crate::types::{Callback, LuaRef, MaybeSend};
use crate::util::{
    assert_stack, check_stack, linenumber_to_usize, pop_error, ptr_to_lossy_str, ptr_to_str,
    StackGuard,
};
use crate::value::{FromLuaMulti, IntoLua, IntoLuaMulti, Value};

#[cfg(feature = "async")]
use {
    crate::types::AsyncCallback,
    futures_util::future::{self, Future},
};

/// Handle to an internal Lua function.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Function<'lua>(pub(crate) LuaRef<'lua>);

/// Owned handle to an internal Lua function.
///
/// The owned handle holds a *strong* reference to the current Lua instance.
/// Be warned, if you place it into a Lua type (eg. [`UserData`] or a Rust callback), it is *very easy*
/// to accidentally cause reference cycles that would prevent destroying Lua instance.
///
/// [`UserData`]: crate::UserData
#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "unstable")))]
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct OwnedFunction(pub(crate) crate::types::LuaOwnedRef);

#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
impl OwnedFunction {
    /// Get borrowed handle to the underlying Lua function.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "send", allow(unused))]
    pub const fn to_ref(&self) -> Function {
        Function(self.0.to_ref())
    }
}

/// Contains information about a function.
///
/// Please refer to the [`Lua Debug Interface`] for more information.
///
/// [`Lua Debug Interface`]: https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#4.7
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct FunctionInfo {
    /// A (reasonable) name of the function (`None` if the name cannot be found).
    pub name: Option<String>,
    /// Explains the `name` field (can be `global`/`local`/`method`/`field`/`upvalue`/etc).
    ///
    /// Always `None` for Luau.
    pub name_what: Option<&'static str>,
    /// A string `Lua` if the function is a Lua function, `C` if it is a C function, `main` if it is the main part of a chunk.
    pub what: &'static str,
    /// Source of the chunk that created the function.
    pub source: Option<String>,
    /// A "printable" version of `source`, to be used in error messages.
    pub short_src: Option<String>,
    /// The line number where the definition of the function starts.
    pub line_defined: Option<usize>,
    /// The line number where the definition of the function ends (not set by Luau).
    pub last_line_defined: Option<usize>,
}

/// Luau function coverage snapshot.
#[cfg(any(feature = "luau", doc))]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "luau")))]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct CoverageInfo {
    pub function: Option<String>,
    pub line_defined: i32,
    pub depth: i32,
    pub hits: Vec<i32>,
}

impl<'lua> Function<'lua> {
    /// Calls the function, passing `args` as function arguments.
    ///
    /// The function's return values are converted to the generic type `R`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// Call Lua's built-in `tostring` function:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use mlua::{Function, Lua, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let lua = Lua::new();
    /// let globals = lua.globals();
    ///
    /// let tostring: Function = globals.get("tostring")?;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(tostring.call::<_, String>(123)?, "123");
    ///
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Call a function with multiple arguments:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use mlua::{Function, Lua, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let lua = Lua::new();
    /// let sum: Function = lua.load(
    ///     r#"
    ///         function(a, b)
    ///             return a + b
    ///         end
    /// "#).eval()?;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(sum.call::<_, u32>((3, 4))?, 3 + 4);
    ///
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn call<A: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>, R: FromLuaMulti<'lua>>(&self, args: A) -> Result<R> {
        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();
        unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            check_stack(state, 2)?;

            // Push error handler
            lua.push_error_traceback();
            let stack_start = ffi::lua_gettop(state);
            // Push function and the arguments
            lua.push_ref(&self.0);
            let nargs = args.push_into_stack_multi(lua)?;
            // Call the function
            let ret = ffi::lua_pcall(state, nargs, ffi::LUA_MULTRET, stack_start);
            if ret != ffi::LUA_OK {
                return Err(pop_error(state, ret));
            }
            // Get the results
            let nresults = ffi::lua_gettop(state) - stack_start;
            R::from_stack_multi(nresults, lua)
        }
    }

    /// Returns a future that, when polled, calls `self`, passing `args` as function arguments,
    /// and drives the execution.
    ///
    /// Internally it wraps the function to an [`AsyncThread`].
    ///
    /// Requires `feature = "async"`
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    /// # use mlua::{Lua, Result};
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let lua = Lua::new();
    ///
    /// let sleep = lua.create_async_function(move |_lua, n: u64| async move {
    ///     tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(n)).await;
    ///     Ok(())
    /// })?;
    ///
    /// sleep.call_async(10).await?;
    ///
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [`AsyncThread`]: crate::AsyncThread
    #[cfg(feature = "async")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "async")))]
    pub fn call_async<A, R>(&self, args: A) -> impl Future<Output = Result<R>> + 'lua
    where
        A: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
        R: FromLuaMulti<'lua> + 'lua,
    {
        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let thread_res = lua.create_recycled_thread(self).map(|th| {
            let mut th = th.into_async(args);
            th.set_recyclable(true);
            th
        });
        async move { thread_res?.await }
    }

    /// Returns a function that, when called, calls `self`, passing `args` as the first set of
    /// arguments.
    ///
    /// If any arguments are passed to the returned function, they will be passed after `args`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use mlua::{Function, Lua, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let lua = Lua::new();
    /// let sum: Function = lua.load(
    ///     r#"
    ///         function(a, b)
    ///             return a + b
    ///         end
    /// "#).eval()?;
    ///
    /// let bound_a = sum.bind(1)?;
    /// assert_eq!(bound_a.call::<_, u32>(2)?, 1 + 2);
    ///
    /// let bound_a_and_b = sum.bind(13)?.bind(57)?;
    /// assert_eq!(bound_a_and_b.call::<_, u32>(())?, 13 + 57);
    ///
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn bind<A: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>>(&self, args: A) -> Result<Function<'lua>> {
        unsafe extern "C-unwind" fn args_wrapper_impl(state: *mut ffi::lua_State) -> c_int {
            let nargs = ffi::lua_gettop(state);
            let nbinds = ffi::lua_tointeger(state, ffi::lua_upvalueindex(1)) as c_int;
            ffi::luaL_checkstack(state, nbinds, ptr::null());

            for i in 0..nbinds {
                ffi::lua_pushvalue(state, ffi::lua_upvalueindex(i + 2));
            }
            if nargs > 0 {
                ffi::lua_rotate(state, 1, nbinds);
            }

            nargs + nbinds
        }

        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();

        let args = args.into_lua_multi(lua)?;
        let nargs = args.len() as c_int;

        if nargs == 0 {
            return Ok(self.clone());
        }

        if nargs + 1 > ffi::LUA_MAX_UPVALUES {
            return Err(Error::BindError);
        }

        let args_wrapper = unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            check_stack(state, nargs + 3)?;

            ffi::lua_pushinteger(state, nargs as ffi::lua_Integer);
            for arg in args {
                lua.push_value(arg)?;
            }
            protect_lua!(state, nargs + 1, 1, fn(state) {
                ffi::lua_pushcclosure(state, args_wrapper_impl, ffi::lua_gettop(state));
            })?;

            Function(lua.pop_ref())
        };

        lua.load(
            r#"
            local func, args_wrapper = ...
            return function(...)
                return func(args_wrapper(...))
            end
            "#,
        )
        .try_cache()
        .set_name("__mlua_bind")
        .call((self.clone(), args_wrapper))
    }

    /// Returns the environment of the Lua function.
    ///
    /// By default Lua functions shares a global environment.
    ///
    /// This function always returns `None` for Rust/C functions.
    pub fn environment(&self) -> Option<Table> {
        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();
        unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            assert_stack(state, 1);

            lua.push_ref(&self.0);
            if ffi::lua_iscfunction(state, -1) != 0 {
                return None;
            }

            #[cfg(any(feature = "lua51", feature = "luajit", feature = "luau"))]
            ffi::lua_getfenv(state, -1);
            #[cfg(any(feature = "lua54", feature = "lua53", feature = "lua52"))]
            for i in 1..=255 {
                // Traverse upvalues until we find the _ENV one
                match ffi::lua_getupvalue(state, -1, i) {
                    s if s.is_null() => break,
                    s if std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(s as _).to_bytes() == b"_ENV" => break,
                    _ => ffi::lua_pop(state, 1),
                }
            }

            if ffi::lua_type(state, -1) != ffi::LUA_TTABLE {
                return None;
            }
            Some(Table(lua.pop_ref()))
        }
    }

    /// Sets the environment of the Lua function.
    ///
    /// The environment is a table that is used as the global environment for the function.
    /// Returns `true` if environment successfully changed, `false` otherwise.
    ///
    /// This function does nothing for Rust/C functions.
    pub fn set_environment(&self, env: Table) -> Result<bool> {
        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();
        unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            check_stack(state, 2)?;

            lua.push_ref(&self.0);
            if ffi::lua_iscfunction(state, -1) != 0 {
                return Ok(false);
            }

            #[cfg(any(feature = "lua51", feature = "luajit", feature = "luau"))]
            {
                lua.push_ref(&env.0);
                ffi::lua_setfenv(state, -2);
            }
            #[cfg(any(feature = "lua54", feature = "lua53", feature = "lua52"))]
            for i in 1..=255 {
                match ffi::lua_getupvalue(state, -1, i) {
                    s if s.is_null() => return Ok(false),
                    s if std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(s as _).to_bytes() == b"_ENV" => {
                        ffi::lua_pop(state, 1);
                        // Create an anonymous function with the new environment
                        let f_with_env = lua
                            .load("return _ENV")
                            .set_environment(env)
                            .try_cache()
                            .into_function()?;
                        lua.push_ref(&f_with_env.0);
                        ffi::lua_upvaluejoin(state, -2, i, -1, 1);
                        break;
                    }
                    _ => ffi::lua_pop(state, 1),
                }
            }

            Ok(true)
        }
    }

    /// Returns information about the function.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to the `>Sn` what mask for [`lua_getinfo`] when applied to the function.
    ///
    /// [`lua_getinfo`]: https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#lua_getinfo
    pub fn info(&self) -> FunctionInfo {
        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();
        unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            assert_stack(state, 1);

            let mut ar: ffi::lua_Debug = mem::zeroed();
            lua.push_ref(&self.0);
            #[cfg(not(feature = "luau"))]
            let res = ffi::lua_getinfo(state, cstr!(">Sn"), &mut ar);
            #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
            let res = ffi::lua_getinfo(state, -1, cstr!("sn"), &mut ar);
            mlua_assert!(res != 0, "lua_getinfo failed with `>Sn`");

            FunctionInfo {
                name: ptr_to_lossy_str(ar.name).map(|s| s.into_owned()),
                #[cfg(not(feature = "luau"))]
                name_what: match ptr_to_str(ar.namewhat) {
                    Some("") => None,
                    val => val,
                },
                #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
                name_what: None,
                what: ptr_to_str(ar.what).unwrap_or("main"),
                source: ptr_to_lossy_str(ar.source).map(|s| s.into_owned()),
                #[cfg(not(feature = "luau"))]
                short_src: ptr_to_lossy_str(ar.short_src.as_ptr()).map(|s| s.into_owned()),
                #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
                short_src: ptr_to_lossy_str(ar.short_src).map(|s| s.into_owned()),
                line_defined: linenumber_to_usize(ar.linedefined),
                #[cfg(not(feature = "luau"))]
                last_line_defined: linenumber_to_usize(ar.lastlinedefined),
                #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
                last_line_defined: None,
            }
        }
    }

    /// Dumps the function as a binary chunk.
    ///
    /// If `strip` is true, the binary representation may not include all debug information
    /// about the function, to save space.
    ///
    /// For Luau a [Compiler] can be used to compile Lua chunks to bytecode.
    ///
    /// [Compiler]: crate::chunk::Compiler
    #[cfg(not(feature = "luau"))]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(not(feature = "luau"))))]
    pub fn dump(&self, strip: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
        unsafe extern "C-unwind" fn writer(
            _state: *mut ffi::lua_State,
            buf: *const c_void,
            buf_len: usize,
            data: *mut c_void,
        ) -> c_int {
            let data = &mut *(data as *mut Vec<u8>);
            let buf = slice::from_raw_parts(buf as *const u8, buf_len);
            data.extend_from_slice(buf);
            0
        }

        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();
        let mut data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
        unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            assert_stack(state, 1);

            lua.push_ref(&self.0);
            let data_ptr = &mut data as *mut Vec<u8> as *mut c_void;
            ffi::lua_dump(state, writer, data_ptr, strip as i32);
            ffi::lua_pop(state, 1);
        }

        data
    }

    /// Retrieves recorded coverage information about this Lua function including inner calls.
    ///
    /// This function takes a callback as an argument and calls it providing [`CoverageInfo`] snapshot
    /// per each executed inner function.
    ///
    /// Recording of coverage information is controlled by [`Compiler::set_coverage_level`] option.
    ///
    /// Requires `feature = "luau"`
    ///
    /// [`Compiler::set_coverage_level`]: crate::chunk::Compiler::set_coverage_level
    #[cfg(any(feature = "luau", doc))]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "luau")))]
    pub fn coverage<F>(&self, mut func: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(CoverageInfo),
    {
        use std::ffi::CStr;
        use std::os::raw::c_char;

        unsafe extern "C-unwind" fn callback<F: FnMut(CoverageInfo)>(
            data: *mut c_void,
            function: *const c_char,
            line_defined: c_int,
            depth: c_int,
            hits: *const c_int,
            size: usize,
        ) {
            let function = if !function.is_null() {
                Some(CStr::from_ptr(function).to_string_lossy().to_string())
            } else {
                None
            };
            let rust_callback = &mut *(data as *mut F);
            rust_callback(CoverageInfo {
                function,
                line_defined,
                depth,
                hits: slice::from_raw_parts(hits, size).to_vec(),
            });
        }

        let lua = self.0.lua;
        let state = lua.state();
        unsafe {
            let _sg = StackGuard::new(state);
            assert_stack(state, 1);

            lua.push_ref(&self.0);
            let func_ptr = &mut func as *mut F as *mut c_void;
            ffi::lua_getcoverage(state, -1, func_ptr, callback::<F>);
        }
    }

    /// Converts this function to a generic C pointer.
    ///
    /// There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value.
    ///
    /// Typically this function is used only for hashing and debug information.
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_pointer(&self) -> *const c_void {
        self.0.to_pointer()
    }

    /// Creates a deep clone of the Lua function.
    ///
    /// Copies the function prototype and all its upvalues to the
    /// newly created function.
    ///
    /// This function returns shallow clone (same handle) for Rust/C functions.
    /// Requires `feature = "luau"`
    #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "luau")))]
    pub fn deep_clone(&self) -> Self {
        let ref_thread = self.0.lua.ref_thread();
        unsafe {
            if ffi::lua_iscfunction(ref_thread, self.0.index) != 0 {
                return self.clone();
            }

            ffi::lua_clonefunction(ref_thread, self.0.index);
            Function(self.0.lua.pop_ref_thread())
        }
    }

    /// Convert this handle to owned version.
    #[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", any(not(feature = "send"), doc)))]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(all(feature = "unstable", not(feature = "send")))))]
    #[inline]
    pub fn into_owned(self) -> OwnedFunction {
        OwnedFunction(self.0.into_owned())
    }
}

impl<'lua> PartialEq for Function<'lua> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.0 == other.0
    }
}

// Additional shortcuts
#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
impl OwnedFunction {
    /// Calls the function, passing `args` as function arguments.
    ///
    /// This is a shortcut for [`Function::call()`].
    #[inline]
    pub fn call<'lua, A, R>(&'lua self, args: A) -> Result<R>
    where
        A: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
        R: FromLuaMulti<'lua>,
    {
        self.to_ref().call(args)
    }

    /// Returns a future that, when polled, calls `self`, passing `args` as function arguments,
    /// and drives the execution.
    ///
    /// This is a shortcut for [`Function::call_async()`].
    #[cfg(feature = "async")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "async")))]
    #[inline]
    pub async fn call_async<'lua, A, R>(&'lua self, args: A) -> Result<R>
    where
        A: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
        R: FromLuaMulti<'lua> + 'lua,
    {
        self.to_ref().call_async(args).await
    }
}

pub(crate) struct WrappedFunction<'lua>(pub(crate) Callback<'lua, 'static>);

#[cfg(feature = "async")]
pub(crate) struct WrappedAsyncFunction<'lua>(pub(crate) AsyncCallback<'lua, 'static>);

impl<'lua> Function<'lua> {
    /// Wraps a Rust function or closure, returning an opaque type that implements [`IntoLua`] trait.
    #[inline]
    pub fn wrap<A, R, F>(func: F) -> impl IntoLua<'lua>
    where
        A: FromLuaMulti<'lua>,
        R: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
        F: Fn(&'lua Lua, A) -> Result<R> + MaybeSend + 'static,
    {
        WrappedFunction(Box::new(move |lua, nargs| unsafe {
            let args = A::from_stack_args(nargs, 1, None, lua)?;
            func(lua, args)?.push_into_stack_multi(lua)
        }))
    }

    /// Wraps a Rust mutable closure, returning an opaque type that implements [`IntoLua`] trait.
    #[inline]
    pub fn wrap_mut<A, R, F>(func: F) -> impl IntoLua<'lua>
    where
        A: FromLuaMulti<'lua>,
        R: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
        F: FnMut(&'lua Lua, A) -> Result<R> + MaybeSend + 'static,
    {
        let func = RefCell::new(func);
        WrappedFunction(Box::new(move |lua, nargs| unsafe {
            let mut func = func
                .try_borrow_mut()
                .map_err(|_| Error::RecursiveMutCallback)?;
            let args = A::from_stack_args(nargs, 1, None, lua)?;
            func(lua, args)?.push_into_stack_multi(lua)
        }))
    }

    /// Wraps a Rust async function or closure, returning an opaque type that implements [`IntoLua`] trait.
    #[cfg(feature = "async")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "async")))]
    pub fn wrap_async<A, R, F, FR>(func: F) -> impl IntoLua<'lua>
    where
        A: FromLuaMulti<'lua>,
        R: IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
        F: Fn(&'lua Lua, A) -> FR + MaybeSend + 'static,
        FR: Future<Output = Result<R>> + 'lua,
    {
        WrappedAsyncFunction(Box::new(move |lua, args| unsafe {
            let args = match A::from_lua_args(args, 1, None, lua) {
                Ok(args) => args,
                Err(e) => return Box::pin(future::err(e)),
            };
            let fut = func(lua, args);
            Box::pin(async move { fut.await?.push_into_stack_multi(lua) })
        }))
    }
}

impl<'lua> IntoLua<'lua> for WrappedFunction<'lua> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> Result<Value<'lua>> {
        lua.create_callback(self.0).map(Value::Function)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "async")]
impl<'lua> IntoLua<'lua> for WrappedAsyncFunction<'lua> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> Result<Value<'lua>> {
        lua.create_async_callback(self.0).map(Value::Function)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod assertions {
    use super::*;

    static_assertions::assert_not_impl_any!(Function: Send);

    #[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", not(feature = "send")))]
    static_assertions::assert_not_impl_any!(OwnedFunction: Send);
}