miden_protocol/asset/vault/

mod.rs

use alloc::string::ToString;
use alloc::vec::Vec;

use miden_crypto::merkle::InnerNodeInfo;

use super::{
    AccountType,
    Asset,
    ByteReader,
    ByteWriter,
    Deserializable,
    DeserializationError,
    FungibleAsset,
    NonFungibleAsset,
    Serializable,
};
use crate::Word;
use crate::account::{AccountId, AccountVaultDelta, NonFungibleDeltaAction};
use crate::crypto::merkle::smt::{SMT_DEPTH, Smt};
use crate::errors::AssetVaultError;

mod partial;
pub use partial::PartialVault;

mod asset_witness;
pub use asset_witness::AssetWitness;

mod vault_key;
pub use vault_key::AssetVaultKey;

mod asset_id;
pub use asset_id::AssetId;

// ASSET VAULT
// ================================================================================================

/// A container for an unlimited number of assets.
///
/// An asset vault can contain an unlimited number of assets. The assets are stored in a Sparse
/// Merkle tree as follows:
/// - For fungible assets, the index of a node is defined by the issuing faucet ID, and the value of
///   the node is the asset itself. Thus, for any fungible asset there will be only one node in the
///   tree.
/// - For non-fungible assets, the index is defined by the asset itself, and the asset is also the
///   value of the node.
///
/// An asset vault can be reduced to a single hash which is the root of the Sparse Merkle Tree.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct AssetVault {
    asset_tree: Smt,
}

impl AssetVault {
    // CONSTANTS
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// The depth of the SMT that represents the asset vault.
    pub const DEPTH: u8 = SMT_DEPTH;

    // CONSTRUCTOR
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Returns a new [AssetVault] initialized with the provided assets.
    pub fn new(assets: &[Asset]) -> Result<Self, AssetVaultError> {
        Ok(Self {
            asset_tree: Smt::with_entries(
                assets.iter().map(|asset| (asset.vault_key().to_word(), asset.to_value_word())),
            )
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::DuplicateAsset)?,
        })
    }

    // PUBLIC ACCESSORS
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Returns the tree root of this vault.
    pub fn root(&self) -> Word {
        self.asset_tree.root()
    }

    /// Returns the asset corresponding to the provided asset vault key, or `None` if the asset
    /// doesn't exist.
    pub fn get(&self, asset_vault_key: AssetVaultKey) -> Option<Asset> {
        let asset_value = self.asset_tree.get_value(&asset_vault_key.to_word());

        if asset_value.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(
                Asset::from_key_value(asset_vault_key, asset_value)
                    .expect("asset vault should only store valid assets"),
            )
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if the specified non-fungible asset is stored in this vault.
    pub fn has_non_fungible_asset(&self, asset: NonFungibleAsset) -> Result<bool, AssetVaultError> {
        // check if the asset is stored in the vault
        match self.asset_tree.get_value(&asset.vault_key().to_word()) {
            asset if asset == Smt::EMPTY_VALUE => Ok(false),
            _ => Ok(true),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the balance of the asset issued by the specified faucet. If the vault does not
    /// contain such an asset, 0 is returned.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns an error if the specified ID is not an ID of a fungible asset faucet.
    pub fn get_balance(&self, faucet_id: AccountId) -> Result<u64, AssetVaultError> {
        if !matches!(faucet_id.account_type(), AccountType::FungibleFaucet) {
            return Err(AssetVaultError::NotAFungibleFaucetId(faucet_id));
        }

        let vault_key =
            AssetVaultKey::new_fungible(faucet_id).expect("faucet ID should be of type fungible");
        let asset_value = self.asset_tree.get_value(&vault_key.to_word());
        let asset = FungibleAsset::from_key_value(vault_key, asset_value)
            .expect("asset vault should only store valid assets");

        Ok(asset.amount())
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over the assets stored in the vault.
    pub fn assets(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Asset> + '_ {
        // SAFETY: The asset tree tracks only valid assets.
        self.asset_tree.entries().map(|(key, value)| {
            Asset::from_key_value_words(*key, *value)
                .expect("asset vault should only store valid assets")
        })
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over the inner nodes of the underlying [`Smt`].
    pub fn inner_nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = InnerNodeInfo> + '_ {
        self.asset_tree.inner_nodes()
    }

    /// Returns an opening of the leaf associated with `vault_key`.
    ///
    /// The `vault_key` can be obtained with [`Asset::vault_key`].
    pub fn open(&self, vault_key: AssetVaultKey) -> AssetWitness {
        let smt_proof = self.asset_tree.open(&vault_key.to_word());
        // SAFETY: The asset vault should only contain valid assets.
        AssetWitness::new_unchecked(smt_proof)
    }

    /// Returns a bool indicating whether the vault is empty.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.asset_tree.is_empty()
    }

    /// Returns the number of non-empty leaves in the underlying [`Smt`].
    ///
    /// Note that this may return a different value from [Self::num_assets()] as a single leaf may
    /// contain more than one asset.
    pub fn num_leaves(&self) -> usize {
        self.asset_tree.num_leaves()
    }

    /// Returns the number of assets in this vault.
    ///
    /// Note that this may return a different value from [Self::num_leaves()] as a single leaf may
    /// contain more than one asset.
    pub fn num_assets(&self) -> usize {
        self.asset_tree.num_entries()
    }

    // PUBLIC MODIFIERS
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Applies the specified delta to the asset vault.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns an error:
    /// - If the total value of the added assets is greater than [`FungibleAsset::MAX_AMOUNT`].
    /// - If the delta contains an addition/subtraction for a fungible asset that is not stored in
    ///   the vault.
    /// - If the delta contains a non-fungible asset removal that is not stored in the vault.
    /// - If the delta contains a non-fungible asset addition that is already stored in the vault.
    /// - The maximum number of leaves per asset is exceeded.
    pub fn apply_delta(&mut self, delta: &AccountVaultDelta) -> Result<(), AssetVaultError> {
        for (vault_key, &delta) in delta.fungible().iter() {
            // SAFETY: fungible asset delta should only contain fungible faucet IDs and delta amount
            // should be in bounds
            let asset = FungibleAsset::new(vault_key.faucet_id(), delta.unsigned_abs())
                .expect("fungible asset delta should be valid")
                .with_callbacks(vault_key.callback_flag());
            match delta >= 0 {
                true => self.add_fungible_asset(asset),
                false => self.remove_fungible_asset(asset),
            }?;
        }

        for (&asset, &action) in delta.non_fungible().iter() {
            match action {
                NonFungibleDeltaAction::Add => {
                    self.add_non_fungible_asset(asset)?;
                },
                NonFungibleDeltaAction::Remove => {
                    self.remove_non_fungible_asset(asset)?;
                },
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    // ADD ASSET
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /// Add the specified asset to the vault.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - If the total value of the added assets is greater than [`FungibleAsset::MAX_AMOUNT`].
    /// - If the vault already contains the same non-fungible asset.
    /// - The maximum number of leaves per asset is exceeded.
    pub fn add_asset(&mut self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Asset, AssetVaultError> {
        Ok(match asset {
            Asset::Fungible(asset) => Asset::Fungible(self.add_fungible_asset(asset)?),
            Asset::NonFungible(asset) => Asset::NonFungible(self.add_non_fungible_asset(asset)?),
        })
    }

    /// Add the specified fungible asset to the vault. If the vault already contains an asset
    /// issued by the same faucet, the amounts are added together.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - If the total value of the added assets is greater than [`FungibleAsset::MAX_AMOUNT`].
    /// - The maximum number of leaves per asset is exceeded.
    fn add_fungible_asset(
        &mut self,
        other_asset: FungibleAsset,
    ) -> Result<FungibleAsset, AssetVaultError> {
        let current_asset_value = self.asset_tree.get_value(&other_asset.vault_key().to_word());
        let current_asset =
            FungibleAsset::from_key_value(other_asset.vault_key(), current_asset_value)
                .expect("asset vault should store valid assets");

        let new_asset = current_asset
            .add(other_asset)
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::AddFungibleAssetBalanceError)?;

        self.asset_tree
            .insert(new_asset.vault_key().to_word(), new_asset.to_value_word())
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::MaxLeafEntriesExceeded)?;

        Ok(new_asset)
    }

    /// Add the specified non-fungible asset to the vault.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - If the vault already contains the same non-fungible asset.
    /// - The maximum number of leaves per asset is exceeded.
    fn add_non_fungible_asset(
        &mut self,
        asset: NonFungibleAsset,
    ) -> Result<NonFungibleAsset, AssetVaultError> {
        // add non-fungible asset to the vault
        let old = self
            .asset_tree
            .insert(asset.vault_key().to_word(), asset.to_value_word())
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::MaxLeafEntriesExceeded)?;

        // if the asset already exists, return an error
        if old != Smt::EMPTY_VALUE {
            return Err(AssetVaultError::DuplicateNonFungibleAsset(asset));
        }

        Ok(asset)
    }

    // REMOVE ASSET
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /// Remove the specified asset from the vault and returns the remaining asset, if any.
    ///
    /// - For fungible assets, returns `Some(Asset::Fungible(remaining))` with the remaining balance
    ///   (which may have amount 0).
    /// - For non-fungible assets, returns `None` since non-fungible assets are either fully present
    ///   or absent.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - The fungible asset is not found in the vault.
    /// - The amount of the fungible asset in the vault is less than the amount to be removed.
    /// - The non-fungible asset is not found in the vault.
    pub fn remove_asset(&mut self, asset: Asset) -> Result<Option<Asset>, AssetVaultError> {
        match asset {
            Asset::Fungible(asset) => {
                let remaining = self.remove_fungible_asset(asset)?;
                Ok(Some(Asset::Fungible(remaining)))
            },
            Asset::NonFungible(asset) => {
                self.remove_non_fungible_asset(asset)?;
                Ok(None)
            },
        }
    }

    /// Remove the specified fungible asset from the vault and returns the remaining fungible
    /// asset. If the final amount of the asset is zero, the asset is removed from the vault.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - The asset is not found in the vault.
    /// - The amount of the asset in the vault is less than the amount to be removed.
    /// - The maximum number of leaves per asset is exceeded.
    fn remove_fungible_asset(
        &mut self,
        other_asset: FungibleAsset,
    ) -> Result<FungibleAsset, AssetVaultError> {
        let current_asset_value = self.asset_tree.get_value(&other_asset.vault_key().to_word());
        let current_asset =
            FungibleAsset::from_key_value(other_asset.vault_key(), current_asset_value)
                .expect("asset vault should store valid assets");

        // If the asset's amount is 0, we consider it absent from the vault.
        if current_asset.amount() == 0 {
            return Err(AssetVaultError::FungibleAssetNotFound(other_asset));
        }

        let new_asset = current_asset
            .sub(other_asset)
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::SubtractFungibleAssetBalanceError)?;

        // Note that if new_asset's amount is 0, its value's word representation is equal to
        // the empty word, which results in the removal of the entire entry from the corresponding
        // leaf.
        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
        {
            if new_asset.amount() == 0 {
                assert!(new_asset.to_value_word().is_empty())
            }
        }

        self.asset_tree
            .insert(new_asset.vault_key().to_word(), new_asset.to_value_word())
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::MaxLeafEntriesExceeded)?;

        Ok(new_asset)
    }

    /// Remove the specified non-fungible asset from the vault.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - The non-fungible asset is not found in the vault.
    /// - The maximum number of leaves per asset is exceeded.
    fn remove_non_fungible_asset(
        &mut self,
        asset: NonFungibleAsset,
    ) -> Result<(), AssetVaultError> {
        // remove the asset from the vault.
        let old = self
            .asset_tree
            .insert(asset.vault_key().to_word(), Smt::EMPTY_VALUE)
            .map_err(AssetVaultError::MaxLeafEntriesExceeded)?;

        // return an error if the asset did not exist in the vault.
        if old == Smt::EMPTY_VALUE {
            return Err(AssetVaultError::NonFungibleAssetNotFound(asset));
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

// SERIALIZATION
// ================================================================================================

impl Serializable for AssetVault {
    fn write_into<W: ByteWriter>(&self, target: &mut W) {
        let num_assets = self.asset_tree.num_entries();
        target.write_usize(num_assets);
        target.write_many(self.assets());
    }

    fn get_size_hint(&self) -> usize {
        let mut size = 0;
        let mut count: usize = 0;

        for asset in self.assets() {
            size += asset.get_size_hint();
            count += 1;
        }

        size += count.get_size_hint();

        size
    }
}

impl Deserializable for AssetVault {
    fn read_from<R: ByteReader>(source: &mut R) -> Result<Self, DeserializationError> {
        let num_assets = source.read_usize()?;
        let assets = source.read_many_iter::<Asset>(num_assets)?.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
        Self::new(&assets).map_err(|err| DeserializationError::InvalidValue(err.to_string()))
    }
}

// TESTS
// ================================================================================================

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use assert_matches::assert_matches;

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn vault_fails_on_absent_fungible_asset() {
        let mut vault = AssetVault::default();
        let err = vault.remove_asset(FungibleAsset::mock(50)).unwrap_err();
        assert_matches!(err, AssetVaultError::FungibleAssetNotFound(_));
    }
}