miden_protocol/asset/

token_symbol.rs

use alloc::string::String;

use super::{Felt, TokenSymbolError};

/// Represents a string token symbol (e.g. "POL", "ETH") as a single [`Felt`] value.
///
/// Token Symbols can consists of up to 12 capital Latin characters, e.g. "C", "ETH", "MIDEN".
#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct TokenSymbol(Felt);

impl TokenSymbol {
    /// Maximum allowed length of the token string.
    pub const MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH: usize = 12;

    /// The length of the set of characters that can be used in a token's name.
    pub const ALPHABET_LENGTH: u64 = 26;

    /// The maximum integer value of an encoded [`TokenSymbol`].
    ///
    /// This value encodes the "ZZZZZZZZZZZZ" token symbol.
    pub const MAX_ENCODED_VALUE: u64 = 2481152873203736562;

    /// Constructs a new [`TokenSymbol`] from a static string.
    ///
    /// This function is `const` and can be used to define token symbols as constants, e.g.:
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use miden_protocol::asset::TokenSymbol;
    /// const TOKEN: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ETH");
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This is convenient because using a string that is not a valid token symbol fails to
    /// compile.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if:
    /// - The length of the provided string is less than 1 or greater than 12.
    /// - The provided token string contains characters that are not uppercase ASCII.
    pub const fn from_static_str(symbol: &'static str) -> Self {
        match encode_symbol_to_felt(symbol) {
            Ok(felt) => Self(felt),
            // We cannot format the error in a const context.
            Err(_) => panic!("invalid token symbol"),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new [`TokenSymbol`] instance from the provided token name string.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - The length of the provided string is less than 1 or greater than 12.
    /// - The provided token string contains characters that are not uppercase ASCII.
    pub fn new(symbol: &str) -> Result<Self, TokenSymbolError> {
        let felt = encode_symbol_to_felt(symbol)?;
        Ok(Self(felt))
    }

    /// Returns the token name string from the encoded [`TokenSymbol`] value.
    ///     
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - The encoded value exceeds the maximum value of [`Self::MAX_ENCODED_VALUE`].
    /// - The encoded token string length is less than 1 or greater than 12.
    /// - The encoded token string length is less than the actual string length.
    pub fn to_string(&self) -> Result<String, TokenSymbolError> {
        decode_felt_to_symbol(self.0)
    }
}

impl From<TokenSymbol> for Felt {
    fn from(symbol: TokenSymbol) -> Self {
        symbol.0
    }
}

impl TryFrom<&str> for TokenSymbol {
    type Error = TokenSymbolError;

    fn try_from(symbol: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        TokenSymbol::new(symbol)
    }
}

impl TryFrom<Felt> for TokenSymbol {
    type Error = TokenSymbolError;

    fn try_from(felt: Felt) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        // Check if the felt value is within the valid range
        if felt.as_int() > Self::MAX_ENCODED_VALUE {
            return Err(TokenSymbolError::ValueTooLarge(felt.as_int()));
        }
        Ok(TokenSymbol(felt))
    }
}

// HELPER FUNCTIONS
// ================================================================================================

/// Encodes the provided token symbol string into a single [`Felt`] value.
///
/// The alphabet used in the decoding process consists of the Latin capital letters as defined in
/// the ASCII table, having the length of 26 characters.
///
/// The encoding is performed by multiplying the intermediate encrypted value by the length of the
/// used alphabet and adding the relative index of the character to it. At the end of the encoding
/// process the length of the initial token string is added to the encrypted value.
///
/// Relative character index is computed by subtracting the index of the character "A" (65) from the
/// index of the currently processing character, e.g., `A = 65 - 65 = 0`, `B = 66 - 65 = 1`, `...` ,
/// `Z = 90 - 65 = 25`.
///
/// # Errors
/// Returns an error if:
/// - The length of the provided string is less than 1 or greater than 12.
/// - The provided token string contains characters that are not uppercase ASCII.
const fn encode_symbol_to_felt(s: &str) -> Result<Felt, TokenSymbolError> {
    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
    let len = bytes.len();

    if len == 0 || len > TokenSymbol::MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH {
        return Err(TokenSymbolError::InvalidLength(len));
    }

    let mut encoded_value: u64 = 0;
    let mut idx = 0;

    while idx < len {
        let byte = bytes[idx];

        if !byte.is_ascii_uppercase() {
            return Err(TokenSymbolError::InvalidCharacter);
        }

        let digit = (byte - b'A') as u64;
        encoded_value = encoded_value * TokenSymbol::ALPHABET_LENGTH + digit;
        idx += 1;
    }

    // add token length to the encoded value to be able to decode the exact number of characters
    encoded_value = encoded_value * TokenSymbol::ALPHABET_LENGTH + len as u64;

    Ok(Felt::new(encoded_value))
}

/// Decodes a [Felt] representation of the token symbol into a string.
///
/// The alphabet used in the decoding process consists of the Latin capital letters as defined in
/// the ASCII table, having the length of 26 characters.
///
/// The decoding is performed by getting the modulus of the intermediate encrypted value by the
/// length of the used alphabet and then dividing the intermediate value by the length of the
/// alphabet to shift to the next character. At the beginning of the decoding process the length of
/// the initial token string is obtained from the encrypted value. After that the value obtained
/// after taking the modulus represents the relative character index, which then gets converted to
/// the ASCII index.
///
/// Final ASCII character idex is computed by adding the index of the character "A" (65) to the
/// index of the currently processing character, e.g., `A = 0 + 65 = 65`, `B = 1 + 65 = 66`, `...` ,
/// `Z = 25 + 65 = 90`.
///
/// # Errors
/// Returns an error if:
/// - The encoded value exceeds the maximum value of [`TokenSymbol::MAX_ENCODED_VALUE`].
/// - The encoded token string length is less than 1 or greater than 12.
/// - The encoded token string length is less than the actual string length.
fn decode_felt_to_symbol(encoded_felt: Felt) -> Result<String, TokenSymbolError> {
    let encoded_value = encoded_felt.as_int();

    // Check if the encoded value is within the valid range
    if encoded_value > TokenSymbol::MAX_ENCODED_VALUE {
        return Err(TokenSymbolError::ValueTooLarge(encoded_value));
    }

    let mut decoded_string = String::new();
    let mut remaining_value = encoded_value;

    // get the token symbol length
    let token_len = (remaining_value % TokenSymbol::ALPHABET_LENGTH) as usize;
    if token_len == 0 || token_len > TokenSymbol::MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH {
        return Err(TokenSymbolError::InvalidLength(token_len));
    }
    remaining_value /= TokenSymbol::ALPHABET_LENGTH;

    for _ in 0..token_len {
        let digit = (remaining_value % TokenSymbol::ALPHABET_LENGTH) as u8;
        let char = (digit + b'A') as char;
        decoded_string.insert(0, char);
        remaining_value /= TokenSymbol::ALPHABET_LENGTH;
    }

    // return an error if some data still remains after specified number of characters have been
    // decoded.
    if remaining_value != 0 {
        return Err(TokenSymbolError::DataNotFullyDecoded);
    }

    Ok(decoded_string)
}

// TESTS
// ================================================================================================

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use assert_matches::assert_matches;

    use super::{
        Felt,
        TokenSymbol,
        TokenSymbolError,
        decode_felt_to_symbol,
        encode_symbol_to_felt,
    };

    #[test]
    fn test_token_symbol_decoding_encoding() {
        let symbols = vec![
            "AAAAAA",
            "AAAAB",
            "AAAC",
            "ABC",
            "BC",
            "A",
            "B",
            "ZZZZZZ",
            "ABCDEFGH",
            "MIDENCRYPTO",
            "ZZZZZZZZZZZZ",
        ];
        for symbol in symbols {
            let token_symbol = TokenSymbol::try_from(symbol).unwrap();
            let decoded_symbol = TokenSymbol::to_string(&token_symbol).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(symbol, decoded_symbol);
        }

        let symbol = "";
        let felt = encode_symbol_to_felt(symbol);
        assert_matches!(felt.unwrap_err(), TokenSymbolError::InvalidLength(0));

        let symbol = "ABCDEFGHIJKLM";
        let felt = encode_symbol_to_felt(symbol);
        assert_matches!(felt.unwrap_err(), TokenSymbolError::InvalidLength(13));

        let symbol = "$$$";
        let felt = encode_symbol_to_felt(symbol);
        assert_matches!(felt.unwrap_err(), TokenSymbolError::InvalidCharacter);

        let symbol = "ABCDEFGHIJKL";
        let token_symbol = TokenSymbol::try_from(symbol);
        assert!(token_symbol.is_ok());
        let token_symbol_felt: Felt = token_symbol.unwrap().into();
        assert_eq!(token_symbol_felt, encode_symbol_to_felt(symbol).unwrap());
    }

    /// Checks that if the encoded length of the token is less than the actual number of token
    /// characters, [decode_felt_to_symbol] procedure should return the
    /// [TokenSymbolError::DataNotFullyDecoded] error.
    #[test]
    fn test_invalid_token_len() {
        // encoded value of this token has `6` as the length of the initial token string
        let encoded_symbol = TokenSymbol::try_from("ABCDEF").unwrap();

        // decrease encoded length by, for example, `3`
        let invalid_encoded_symbol_u64 = Felt::from(encoded_symbol).as_int() - 3;

        // check that `decode_felt_to_symbol()` procedure returns an error in attempt to create a
        // token from encoded token with invalid length
        let err = decode_felt_to_symbol(Felt::new(invalid_encoded_symbol_u64)).unwrap_err();
        assert_matches!(err, TokenSymbolError::DataNotFullyDecoded);
    }

    /// Utility test just to make sure that the [TokenSymbol::MAX_ENCODED_VALUE] constant still
    /// represents the maximum possible encoded value.
    #[test]
    fn test_token_symbol_max_value() {
        let token_symbol = TokenSymbol::try_from("ZZZZZZZZZZZZ").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(Felt::from(token_symbol).as_int(), TokenSymbol::MAX_ENCODED_VALUE);
    }

    // Const function tests
    // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    const _TOKEN0: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("A");
    const _TOKEN1: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ETH");
    const _TOKEN2: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("MIDEN");
    const _TOKEN3: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ZZZZZZ");
    const _TOKEN4: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ABCDEFGH");
    const _TOKEN5: TokenSymbol = TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ZZZZZZZZZZZZ");

    #[test]
    fn test_from_static_str_matches_new() {
        // Test that from_static_str produces the same result as new
        let symbols = ["A", "BC", "ETH", "MIDEN", "ZZZZZZ", "ABCDEFGH", "ZZZZZZZZZZZZ"];
        for symbol in symbols {
            let from_new = TokenSymbol::new(symbol).unwrap();
            let from_static = TokenSymbol::from_static_str(symbol);
            assert_eq!(
                Felt::from(from_new),
                Felt::from(from_static),
                "Mismatch for symbol: {}",
                symbol
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "invalid token symbol")]
    fn token_symbol_panics_on_empty_string() {
        TokenSymbol::from_static_str("");
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "invalid token symbol")]
    fn token_symbol_panics_on_too_long_string() {
        TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ABCDEFGHIJKLM");
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "invalid token symbol")]
    fn token_symbol_panics_on_lowercase() {
        TokenSymbol::from_static_str("eth");
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "invalid token symbol")]
    fn token_symbol_panics_on_invalid_character() {
        TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ET$");
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "invalid token symbol")]
    fn token_symbol_panics_on_number() {
        TokenSymbol::from_static_str("ETH1");
    }
}