Crate legalis_sg 

Singapore Jurisdiction Support for Legalis-RS

This crate provides comprehensive modeling of Singapore law across seven major domains:

Legal Domains Covered

1. Companies Act (Cap. 50) - Company formation, ACRA registration, directors, shareholders
2. Employment Act (Cap. 91) - Working hours, leave entitlements, dismissal protection, salary
3. PDPA (Personal Data Protection Act 2012) - Data protection, consent, DNC Registry
4. Consumer Protection - Sale of Goods Act, Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act
5. Intellectual Property - Patents, Trademarks, Copyright, Registered Designs
6. Banking Act (Cap. 19) - Basel III capital adequacy, AML/CFT, banking licenses
7. Payment Services Act 2019 - Payment services, e-wallets, digital payment tokens (DPT)

Singapore Legal System Characteristics

Singapore follows a common law system based on English law, with statutory modifications:

Legal Hierarchy

Constitution of Singapore (1965)
    ├── Fundamental Liberties (Part IV)
    └── Government Structure
         ↓
Statutes (Acts of Parliament)
    ├── Companies Act (Cap. 50)
    ├── Employment Act (Cap. 91)
    ├── Personal Data Protection Act 2012
    └── Sale of Goods Act (Cap. 393)
         ↓
Subsidiary Legislation
    ├── Regulations
    ├── Rules
    └── Orders
         ↓
Case Law (Judicial Precedents)
    ├── Court of Appeal (final authority)
    └── High Court

Key Regulatory Bodies

• ACRA: Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (company registration, BizFile+)
• MOM: Ministry of Manpower (employment, work passes, CPF)
• PDPC: Personal Data Protection Commission (data protection enforcement)
• CASE: Consumers Association of Singapore (consumer protection advocacy)

Citation Format

Singapore statutes use chapter numbers for older statutes, none for newer:

• Older Acts: “Companies Act (Cap. 50), s. 145(1)” or “CA s. 145”
• Modern Acts: “PDPA s. 13” (no Cap. for post-2000 acts)
• Subsidiary Legislation: “Companies Regulations (Cap. 50, Rg 1)”
• Case Law: “[2024] SGCA 15” (Court of Appeal), “[2023] SGHC 150” (High Court)

Domain 1: Companies Act (Cap. 50)

The Companies Act governs company formation and governance in Singapore.

Key Requirements

• UEN (Unique Entity Number): 9-10 digit identifier for all business entities
• Resident Director: At least 1 director ordinarily resident in Singapore (s. 145)
• Company Secretary: Mandatory within 6 months of incorporation (s. 171)
• AGM: Within 18 months of incorporation, then annually within 6 months of FYE (s. 175)
• Annual Return: Must be filed within 7 months of FYE (s. 197)

Example: Company Formation

use legalis_sg::companies::*;

// Create a Singapore Pte Ltd company
let company = Company::builder()
    .name("Tech Innovations Pte Ltd")
    .company_type(CompanyType::PrivateLimited)
    .share_capital(ShareCapital::new(100_000_00)) // SGD 100,000 in cents
    .add_director(Director::new("John Tan", "S1234567A", true)) // Resident director
    .registered_address(Address::singapore("1 Raffles Place", "048616"))
    .build()?;

// Validate company formation
match validate_company_formation(&company) {
    Ok(report) => println!("✅ Company formation valid"),
    Err(e) => eprintln!("❌ Validation failed: {}", e),
}

Domain 2: Employment Act (Cap. 91)

The Employment Act provides minimum employment standards for workers in Singapore.

Coverage

• Workmen: Earning ≤ SGD 4,500/month
• Non-workmen: Earning ≤ SGD 2,600/month

Key Provisions

• Working Hours (s. 38): Max 44 hours/week (non-shift), 48 hours/week (shift)
• Overtime: 1.5x regular rate (s. 38(4))
• Annual Leave (s. 43): 7 days (year 1) → 14 days (year 8+)
• Sick Leave (s. 89): 14 days outpatient + 60 days hospitalization (after 3 months)
• Maternity Leave: 16 weeks for citizens (CDCA)
• CPF: Employer 17%, Employee 20% (age ≤55), wage ceiling SGD 6,000/month

Example: CPF Contribution

use legalis_sg::employment::*;

// Calculate CPF contribution for a 30-year-old earning SGD 5,000/month
let cpf = CpfContribution::new(30, 5_000_00); // Age 30, SGD 5,000 in cents
let breakdown = cpf.calculate()?;

println!("Employer contribution: SGD {:.2}", breakdown.employer_amount_sgd());
println!("Employee contribution: SGD {:.2}", breakdown.employee_amount_sgd());
// Output: Employer: SGD 850.00 (17%), Employee: SGD 1,000.00 (20%)

Domain 3: PDPA (Personal Data Protection Act 2012)

Singapore’s data protection framework, distinct from GDPR.

PDPA vs GDPR Key Differences

Feature	GDPR	PDPA (Singapore)
Scope	EU/EEA + extraterritorial	Singapore organizations
Legal Basis	6 lawful bases	Consent-centric (with exceptions)
DPO	Mandatory for certain processing	Recommended (not mandatory)
Breach Notification	72 hours to authority	3 calendar days to PDPC (if notifiable)
Fines	Up to €20M or 4% revenue	Up to SGD 1M
Right to be Forgotten	Explicit (Art. 17)	Limited (correction/access only)
DNC Registry	No equivalent	Part IX - opt-out for marketing

Key Obligations

• Consent (s. 13): Obtain valid consent for collection, use, disclosure
• Purpose Limitation (s. 18): Collect only for reasonable purposes
• Data Breach Notification (s. 26B/26C): Notify PDPC within 3 calendar days
• DNC Compliance (Part IX): Check Do Not Call Registry before marketing
• Access Requests (s. 21): Respond within 30 days

Example: Consent Management

use legalis_sg::pdpa::*;

// Record consent for marketing emails
let consent = ConsentRecord::builder()
    .data_subject_id("customer@example.com")
    .purpose(PurposeOfCollection::Marketing)
    .consent_method(ConsentMethod::Electronic)
    .add_data_category(PersonalDataCategory::Email)
    .timestamp_now()
    .build()?;

// Validate consent
match validate_consent(&consent) {
    Ok(()) => println!("✅ Consent valid"),
    Err(PdpaError::MissingConsent { .. }) => eprintln!("❌ Consent not obtained"),
}

Domain 4: Consumer Protection

Sale of Goods Act (Cap. 393)

Implied terms in contracts for sale of goods:

• s. 13: Goods must correspond to description
• s. 14(2): Goods must be of merchantable quality
• s. 14(3): Goods must be fit for stated purpose

Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act (Cap. 52A)

Prohibits unfair practices:

• s. 4: False or misleading representation
• s. 5: Unconscionable conduct
• s. 6: Bait advertising
• s. 7: Harassment or coercion

Example: Unfair Practice Detection

use legalis_sg::consumer::*;

// Analyze contract for unfair practices
let contract = ConsumerContract::new()
    .business_name("Electronics Store")
    .consumer_name("Jane Lim")
    .add_term("No refunds under any circumstances")
    .add_term("Company not liable for defects");

let practices = detect_unfair_practices(&contract);
for practice in practices {
    println!("⚠️  Unfair practice: {:?}", practice.practice_type);
}

Unique Singapore Features

1. UEN (Unique Entity Number)

All business entities in Singapore are assigned a 9-10 digit UEN by ACRA for identification.

2. CPF (Central Provident Fund)

Mandatory retirement savings scheme for Singapore citizens and PRs:

• Employer contribution: 17% (age ≤55)
• Employee contribution: 20% (age ≤55)
• Wage ceiling: SGD 6,000/month (Ordinary Wage)

3. DNC Registry

Singapore’s Do Not Call Registry allows individuals to opt out of marketing calls/texts/faxes.

4. BizFile+

ACRA’s electronic filing system for company registration and annual returns.

Module Structure

• banking: Banking Act (Cap. 19) - Basel III, AML/CFT, banking licenses
• payment: Payment Services Act 2019 - Payment services, e-wallets, DPT (crypto)
• companies: Companies Act (Cap. 50) - Formation, directors, governance
• employment: Employment Act (Cap. 91) - Contracts, CPF, leave, termination
• pdpa: Personal Data Protection Act 2012 - Consent, breach, DNC
• consumer: Consumer Protection - Sale of Goods, unfair practices
• ip: Intellectual Property - Patents, Trademarks, Copyright, Designs
• citation: Singapore legal citation system

Examples

This crate includes 16 comprehensive examples demonstrating real-world usage:

Companies Act Examples

• acra_company_registration - Pte Ltd formation with ACRA
• director_compliance_check - Resident director validation (s. 145)
• annual_compliance_checklist - AGM and annual return deadlines
• share_issuance - Share allotment and dilution

Employment Act Examples

• employment_contract_validation - Full contract validation
• cpf_contribution_calculator - CPF calculation by age groups
• leave_entitlement_calculator - Leave progression by service years
• termination_notice_checker - Notice period calculation

PDPA Examples

• consent_management - Recording and withdrawing consent
• data_breach_notification - 3-day notification workflow
• dnc_registry_check - Checking DNC before marketing
• dpo_requirement_assessment - When to appoint DPO

Consumer Protection Examples

• consumer_contract_analysis - Contract risk scoring
• sale_of_goods_validation - Implied terms checking
• unfair_practice_detector - Automated detection
• online_transaction_compliance - E-commerce rules

Testing

Run the comprehensive test suite:

# All tests
cargo nextest run --package legalis-sg

# Specific domain
cargo test --package legalis-sg --test companies_validation_tests
cargo test --package legalis-sg --test employment_contract_tests
cargo test --package legalis-sg --test pdpa_consent_tests
cargo test --package legalis-sg --test consumer_protection_tests

License

Licensed under either of:

• MIT License
• Apache License, Version 2.0

at your option.

Re-exports

pub use companies::error::CompaniesError;

pub use companies::error::Result as CompaniesResult;

pub use companies::types::Address;

pub use companies::types::Company;

pub use companies::types::CompanySecretary;

pub use companies::types::CompanyType;

pub use companies::types::Director;

pub use companies::types::DirectorQualification;

pub use companies::types::DisqualificationStatus;

pub use companies::types::DividendRights;

pub use companies::types::MonthDay;

pub use companies::types::ShareAllocation;

pub use companies::types::ShareCapital;

pub use companies::types::ShareClass;

pub use companies::types::Shareholder;

pub use companies::validator::ValidationReport;

pub use companies::validator::validate_agm_requirement;

pub use companies::validator::validate_annual_return_deadline;

pub use companies::validator::validate_company_formation;

pub use companies::validator::validate_director_eligibility;

pub use companies::validator::validate_resident_director_requirement;

pub use employment::error::EmploymentError;

pub use employment::error::Result as EmploymentResult;

pub use employment::types::Allowance;

pub use employment::types::ContractType;

pub use employment::types::CpfContribution;

pub use employment::types::EmploymentContract;

pub use employment::types::LeaveEntitlement;

pub use employment::types::LeaveType;

pub use employment::types::TerminationNotice;

pub use employment::types::WorkingHours;

pub use employment::validator::validate_employment_contract;

pub use employment::validator::validate_leave_entitlement;

pub use employment::validator::validate_overtime_payment;

pub use employment::validator::validate_termination_notice;

pub use employment::validator::validate_working_hours;

pub use pdpa::error::PdpaError;

pub use pdpa::error::Result as PdpaResult;

pub use pdpa::types::BreachType;

pub use pdpa::types::ConsentMethod;

pub use pdpa::types::ConsentRecord;

pub use pdpa::types::DataBreachNotification;

pub use pdpa::types::DataTransfer;

pub use pdpa::types::DncRegistry;

pub use pdpa::types::DncType;

pub use pdpa::types::DpoContact;

pub use pdpa::types::OrganisationType;

pub use pdpa::types::PdpaOrganisation;

pub use pdpa::types::PersonalDataCategory;

pub use pdpa::types::PurposeOfCollection;

pub use pdpa::validator::validate_breach_notification;

pub use pdpa::validator::validate_consent;

pub use pdpa::validator::validate_cross_border_transfer;

pub use pdpa::validator::validate_dnc_compliance;

pub use pdpa::validator::validate_dpo_requirement;

pub use pdpa::validator::validate_purpose_limitation;

pub use consumer::error::ConsumerError;

pub use consumer::error::Result as ConsumerResult;

pub use consumer::types::ConsumerContract;

pub use consumer::types::ContractTerm;

pub use consumer::types::ImpliedTerm;

pub use consumer::types::SaleOfGoods;

pub use consumer::types::TransactionType;

pub use consumer::types::UnfairPractice;

pub use consumer::types::UnfairPracticeType;

pub use consumer::types::WarrantyTerms;

pub use consumer::types::WarrantyType;

pub use consumer::validator::detect_unfair_practices;

pub use consumer::validator::validate_consumer_contract;

pub use consumer::validator::validate_implied_terms;

pub use consumer::validator::validate_sale_of_goods;

pub use ip::error::IpError;

pub use ip::error::IpType;

pub use ip::error::Result as IpResult;

pub use ip::types::Author;

pub use ip::types::ClaimType;

pub use ip::types::Copyright;

pub use ip::types::DesignStatus;

pub use ip::types::FairDealingPurpose;

pub use ip::types::Patent;

pub use ip::types::PatentClaim;

pub use ip::types::PatentStatus;

pub use ip::types::PriorArt;

pub use ip::types::PriorArtRelevance;

pub use ip::types::RegisteredDesign;

pub use ip::types::Trademark;

pub use ip::types::TrademarkSpecification;

pub use ip::types::TrademarkStatus;

pub use ip::types::TrademarkType;

pub use ip::types::WorkType;

pub use ip::validator::CopyrightValidationReport;

pub use ip::validator::DesignValidationReport;

pub use ip::validator::PatentValidationReport;

pub use ip::validator::TrademarkConflict;

pub use ip::validator::TrademarkValidationReport;

pub use ip::validator::assess_distinctiveness;

pub use ip::validator::assess_fair_dealing;

pub use ip::validator::assess_patentability;

pub use ip::validator::validate_copyright;

pub use ip::validator::validate_design;

pub use ip::validator::validate_patent;

pub use ip::validator::validate_trademark;

pub use banking::error::BankingError;

pub use banking::error::ErrorSeverity as BankingErrorSeverity;

pub use banking::error::Result as BankingResult;

pub use banking::types::Bank;

pub use banking::types::BankBuilder;

pub use banking::types::BankLicenseType;

pub use banking::types::CapitalAdequacy;

pub use banking::types::CapitalType;

pub use banking::types::CashTransactionReport;

pub use banking::types::CashTransactionType;

pub use banking::types::ComplianceOfficer;

pub use banking::types::CustomerAccount as BankCustomerAccount;

pub use banking::types::CustomerRiskCategory;

pub use banking::types::LicenseStatus as BankLicenseStatus;

pub use banking::types::SuspiciousTransactionReport;

pub use banking::validator::AmlComplianceStatus;

pub use banking::validator::BankValidationReport;

pub use banking::validator::CapitalAdequacyStatus;

pub use banking::validator::assess_aml_compliance;

pub use banking::validator::calculate_capital_shortfall;

pub use banking::validator::calculate_required_capital;

pub use banking::validator::validate_bank;

pub use banking::validator::validate_cash_transaction;

pub use banking::validator::validate_customer_account as validate_bank_customer_account;

pub use banking::validator::validate_merchant_bank_activities;

pub use banking::validator::validate_str_filing;

pub use banking::validator::validate_wholesale_deposit;

pub use payment::error::ErrorSeverity as PaymentErrorSeverity;

pub use payment::error::PaymentError;

pub use payment::error::Result as PaymentResult;

pub use payment::types::CustomerPaymentAccount;

pub use payment::types::DigitalPaymentToken;

pub use payment::types::DptServiceType;

pub use payment::types::LicenseStatus as PaymentLicenseStatus;

pub use payment::types::PaymentAccountType;

pub use payment::types::PaymentLicenseType;

pub use payment::types::PaymentServiceProvider;

pub use payment::types::PaymentServiceProviderBuilder;

pub use payment::types::PaymentServiceType;

pub use payment::types::PaymentTransaction;

pub use payment::types::RiskCategory;

pub use payment::types::SafeguardingArrangement;

pub use payment::types::SafeguardingType;

pub use payment::validator::AmlStatus;

pub use payment::validator::LicenseStatusReport;

pub use payment::validator::PaymentProviderValidationReport;

pub use payment::validator::SafeguardingStatus;

pub use payment::validator::assess_safeguarding_status;

pub use payment::validator::calculate_required_safeguarding;

pub use payment::validator::validate_customer_account;

pub use payment::validator::validate_dpt_service;

pub use payment::validator::validate_payment_provider;

pub use payment::validator::validate_safeguarding;

pub use payment::validator::validate_transaction;

pub use citation::SingaporeCitation;

pub use citation::Statute;

pub use citation::StatuteSection;

pub use reasoning::ComplianceStatus;

pub use reasoning::LegalAnalysis;

pub use reasoning::LegalReasoningEngine;

pub use reasoning::ReasoningError;

pub use reasoning::ReasoningResult;

pub use reasoning::RiskLevel;

pub use reasoning::Violation;

pub use reasoning::ViolationSeverity;

pub use common::EthnicGroup;

pub use common::SingaporeCurrency;

pub use common::SingaporeLegalCalendar;

pub use common::SingaporeNameFormatter;

pub use common::SingaporePersonName;

pub use common::calculate_legal_deadline;

pub use common::format_sgd;

pub use common::format_sgd_cents;

pub use common::is_singapore_holiday;

pub use common::is_working_day;

Modules

banking

Banking Act (Cap. 19) - Singapore Banking Regulation

citation

Singapore Legal Citation System

common

Common utilities for Singapore legal system.

companies

Companies Act (Cap. 50) Module

consumer

Consumer Protection (Sale of Goods Act + Consumer Protection Fair Trading Act)

employment

Employment Act (Cap. 91) - Employment Standards

ip

Intellectual Property Laws Module

payment

Payment Services Act 2019 - Singapore Payment Regulation

pdpa

Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA)

reasoning

Legal reasoning engine for Singapore law.