Crate legalis_in 

India Jurisdiction - Legalis-RS

Comprehensive modeling of Indian law for the Legalis legal reasoning framework.

Legal System Overview

India has a common law legal system inherited from British rule, with a written constitution that is the supreme law of the land. The legal system features a three-tier court structure: Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts.

Key Characteristics

• Constitution: Constitution of India, 1950 (longest written constitution)
• Legal Tradition: Common Law with statutory modifications
• Court System: Supreme Court → High Courts → District Courts
• Languages: English (official for courts), Hindi (national)
• Citation Formats: AIR, SCC, SCR, High Court citations

Module Coverage

Data Protection

The data_protection module implements India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA), which came into effect in 2024.

Key Concepts:

• Data Principal (individual whose data is processed)
• Data Fiduciary (entity determining purpose of processing)
• Significant Data Fiduciary (SDF) with additional obligations
• Consent Manager (registered consent facilitator)

use legalis_in::data_protection::*;
use chrono::NaiveDate;

// Validate SDF compliance
let fiduciary = DataFiduciary {
    registration_number: Some("REG001".to_string()),
    name: "TechCorp India".to_string(),
    category: DataFiduciaryCategory::Significant,
    principal_place: "Bengaluru".to_string(),
    contact_email: "privacy@techcorp.in".to_string(),
    dpo: Some(DataProtectionOfficer {
        name: "Rahul Sharma".to_string(),
        designation: "Chief Privacy Officer".to_string(),
        contact_email: "dpo@techcorp.in".to_string(),
        phone: "+91-9876543210".to_string(),
        based_in_india: true,
        appointment_date: NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024, 1, 1).unwrap(),
    }),
    consent_manager: None,
    registration_date: Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024, 1, 1).unwrap()),
};

let report = validate_fiduciary_compliance(&fiduciary);
assert!(report.compliant);

Citation System

The citation module provides Indian legal citation formatting:

use legalis_in::citation::{Citation, cite};

// Statutory citation
let dpdpa_cite = cite::dpdpa(4);
assert_eq!(dpdpa_cite.format(), "Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, s. 4");

// Supreme Court AIR citation
let sc_cite = cite::air_sc(2024, 1234);
assert_eq!(sc_cite.format(), "AIR 2024 SC 1234");

// SCC citation
let scc_cite = Citation::scc(2024, 5, 789);
assert_eq!(scc_cite.format(), "(2024) 5 SCC 789");

Currency Formatting

The common module provides Indian currency formatting with lakhs and crores:

use legalis_in::common::{InrAmount, format_inr, to_lakhs, to_crores};

let amount = InrAmount::new(25000000.0); // 2.5 crore
assert_eq!(amount.format(), "₹2,50,00,000");
assert_eq!(to_crores(25000000.0), 2.5);

let lakhs_amount = InrAmount::new(500000.0); // 5 lakhs
assert_eq!(lakhs_amount.format_lakhs(), "₹5.00 lakhs");

Legal Framework Coverage

Domain	Primary Legislation	Module
Data Protection	DPDPA 2023	data_protection
Companies	Companies Act 2013	companies
Contracts	Indian Contract Act 1872	contract
IT/Cyber	IT Act 2000	Planned
GST	CGST Act 2017	Planned
Labour	Labour Codes 2020	Planned
Criminal	BNS 2023	Planned
Constitution	Constitution of India	Planned

DPDPA Penalty Structure (Section 33)

Tier	Maximum Penalty	Violations
Principal	Rs. 10,000	Data principal duty breaches
Tier 1	Rs. 50 crore	Security safeguard failures
Tier 2	Rs. 200 crore	Breach notification, child data
Tier 3	Rs. 250 crore	Processing without lawful grounds

Data Principal Rights (Chapter III, DPDPA)

Right	Section	Description
Access	11	Summary of personal data and processing
Correction	12	Correct inaccurate/misleading data
Erasure	12	Erase data no longer necessary
Grievance	13	Redressal mechanism
Nomination	14	Nominate for incapacity/death

Indian Number System

India uses a unique numbering system for large amounts:

Term	Value	Example
Lakh (लाख)	1,00,000	Rs. 5 lakhs = Rs. 5,00,000
Crore (करोड़)	1,00,00,000	Rs. 2 crore = Rs. 2,00,00,000
Arab (अरब)	1,00,00,00,000	Rs. 1 arab = Rs. 100 crore

Court Hierarchy

Supreme Court of India (Article 124-147)
       │
       ├── 25 High Courts (Article 214-231)
       │       │
       │       ├── District Courts (Article 233-237)
       │       │       │
       │       │       └── Subordinate Courts
       │       │
       │       └── Family Courts, Labour Courts, Consumer Forums
       │
       └── Tribunals (SAT, CAT, NCLT, NCLAT, etc.)

References

• Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
• Companies Act, 2013
• Indian Contract Act, 1872
• Supreme Court of India

Re-exports

pub use citation::Citation;

pub use citation::CitationType;

pub use citation::Court;

pub use citation::acts;

pub use citation::cite;

pub use common::Address;

pub use common::DeadlineType;

pub use common::FinancialYear;

pub use common::IndianName;

pub use common::IndianNameFormatter;

pub use common::InrAmount;

pub use common::NationalHoliday;

pub use common::State;

pub use common::Title;

pub use common::business_days_between;

pub use common::calculate_deadline;

pub use common::crores_to_rupees;

pub use common::format_crores;

pub use common::format_inr;

pub use common::format_inr_precision;

pub use common::format_lakhs;

pub use common::is_national_holiday;

pub use common::is_weekend;

pub use common::is_working_day;

pub use common::lakhs_to_rupees;

pub use common::national_holidays_in_year;

pub use common::next_working_day;

pub use common::parse_inr;

pub use common::previous_working_day;

pub use common::to_crores;

pub use common::to_lakhs;

pub use common::working_days_between;

pub use data_protection::ChildDataProcessing;

pub use data_protection::ConsentManager;

pub use data_protection::ConsentRecord;

pub use data_protection::CrossBorderTransfer;

pub use data_protection::DataFiduciary;

pub use data_protection::DataFiduciaryCategory;

pub use data_protection::DataPrincipalDuty;

pub use data_protection::DataPrincipalRight;

pub use data_protection::DataProtectionOfficer;

pub use data_protection::DpdpaComplianceReport;

pub use data_protection::DpdpaError;

pub use data_protection::DpdpaResult;

pub use data_protection::LawfulPurpose;

pub use data_protection::LegitimateUseType;

pub use data_protection::PenaltyTier;

pub use data_protection::ProcessingRecord;

pub use data_protection::SdfCriteria;

pub use data_protection::check_sdf_status;

pub use data_protection::get_obligations;

pub use data_protection::get_principal_duties;

pub use data_protection::get_principal_rights;

pub use data_protection::validate_child_processing;

pub use data_protection::validate_consent;

pub use data_protection::validate_cross_border_transfer;

pub use data_protection::validate_fiduciary_compliance;

pub use data_protection::validate_processing_record;

pub use data_protection::validate_retention;

pub use companies::AnnualFilingType;

pub use companies::Committee;

pub use companies::CommitteeType;

pub use companies::CompaniesActError;

pub use companies::CompaniesActResult;

pub use companies::Company;

pub use companies::CompanyStatus;

pub use companies::CompanyType;

pub use companies::ComplianceReport;

pub use companies::CsrCategory;

pub use companies::CsrObligation;

pub use companies::DinStatus;

pub use companies::Director;

pub use companies::DirectorCategory;

pub use companies::Kmp;

pub use companies::KmpType;

pub use companies::PenaltyInfo;

pub use companies::RelatedPartyTransactionType;

pub use companies::RelatedPartyType;

pub use companies::ResolutionType;

pub use companies::ShareCapitalType;

pub use companies::ShareClass;

pub use companies::Shareholder;

pub use companies::ShareholderCategory;

pub use companies::SpecialResolutionMatter;

pub use companies::calculate_filing_penalty;

pub use companies::check_filing_deadline;

pub use companies::get_compliance_checklist;

pub use companies::validate_agm;

pub use companies::validate_board_composition;

pub use companies::validate_board_meetings;

pub use companies::validate_buyback;

pub use companies::validate_committees;

pub use companies::validate_company_formation;

pub use companies::validate_csr_compliance;

pub use companies::validate_kmp_appointments;

pub use companies::validate_ordinary_resolution;

pub use companies::validate_resolution;

pub use contract::AgentAuthority;

pub use contract::AgentType;

pub use contract::BreachType;

pub use contract::ConsentVitiator;

pub use contract::Consideration;

pub use contract::ConsiderationTiming;

pub use contract::ConsiderationType;

pub use contract::ContingentContract;

pub use contract::Contract;

pub use contract::ContractActError;

pub use contract::ContractActResult;

pub use contract::ContractEssentials;

pub use contract::ContractParty;

pub use contract::ContractStatus;

pub use contract::ContractType;

pub use contract::ContractValidityReport;

pub use contract::DamagesType;

pub use contract::DischargeMode;

pub use contract::IncompetentParty;

pub use contract::LegalityCheck;

pub use contract::PartyType;

pub use contract::QuasiContractType;

pub use contract::Remedy;

pub use contract::VoidAgreementType;

pub use contract::calculate_damages;

pub use contract::check_frustration;

pub use contract::get_limitation_period as get_contract_limitation_period;

pub use contract::get_quasi_contract_obligation;

pub use contract::validate_agent_authority;

pub use contract::validate_consent as validate_contract_consent;

pub use contract::validate_consideration;

pub use contract::validate_contingent_contract;

pub use contract::validate_contract_formation;

pub use contract::validate_legality;

pub use contract::validate_liquidated_damages;

pub use contract::validate_performance;

pub use contract::validate_void_agreements;

pub use it_act::AdjudicatingOfficerPower;

pub use it_act::BailStatus;

pub use it_act::CaFunction;

pub use it_act::CatJurisdiction;

pub use it_act::ComputerOffence;

pub use it_act::ConsentRequirement;

pub use it_act::CyberCrimeCategory;

pub use it_act::DigitalCertificate;

pub use it_act::DigitalSignatureType;

pub use it_act::EcommerceModel;

pub use it_act::ElectronicRecord;

pub use it_act::ElectronicRecordType;

pub use it_act::IntermediaryComplianceCheck;

pub use it_act::IntermediaryType;

pub use it_act::ItActError;

pub use it_act::ItActResult;

pub use it_act::ItComplianceReport;

pub use it_act::NetworkProviderLiability;

pub use it_act::PenaltyInfo as ItPenaltyInfo;

pub use it_act::Punishment;

pub use it_act::SafeHarborConditions;

pub use it_act::SensitivePersonalData;

pub use it_act::calculate_section43_compensation;

pub use it_act::classify_cyber_crime;

pub use it_act::get_jurisdiction;

pub use it_act::get_limitation_period as get_cyber_limitation_period;

pub use it_act::validate_certificate;

pub use it_act::validate_data_protection_compliance;

pub use it_act::validate_ecommerce_compliance;

pub use it_act::validate_intermediary_compliance;

pub use it_act::validate_safe_harbor;

pub use it_act::validate_takedown_compliance;

pub use gst::BlockedItcReason;

pub use gst::CompensationCess;

pub use gst::CompositionBusinessType;

pub use gst::CompositionScheme;

pub use gst::EwayBill;

pub use gst::EwayDocType;

pub use gst::FilingStatus;

pub use gst::GstComplianceReport;

pub use gst::GstError;

pub use gst::GstRate;

pub use gst::GstRegistration;

pub use gst::GstResult;

pub use gst::GstState;

pub use gst::Gstin;

pub use gst::HsnSacCode;

pub use gst::HsnSacType;

pub use gst::InputTaxCredit;

pub use gst::Invoice;

pub use gst::InvoiceType;

pub use gst::ItcType;

pub use gst::ItcUtilization;

pub use gst::ItcUtilizationPlan;

pub use gst::ItcUtilizationStep;

pub use gst::NatureOfBusiness;

pub use gst::PenaltyInfo as GstPenaltyInfo;

pub use gst::PenaltyType as GstPenaltyType;

pub use gst::RefundType;

pub use gst::RegistrationStatus;

pub use gst::RegistrationType;

pub use gst::ReturnComplianceStatus;

pub use gst::ReturnStatus;

pub use gst::ReturnType;

pub use gst::ReverseCharge;

pub use gst::SupplyCategory;

pub use gst::SupplyType;

pub use gst::TaxLiability;

pub use gst::TaxpayerCategory;

pub use gst::TransportMode;

pub use gst::calculate_interest as calculate_gst_interest;

pub use gst::calculate_late_fee;

pub use gst::calculate_tax;

pub use gst::determine_supply_type;

pub use gst::get_return_due_date;

pub use gst::is_refund_within_time_limit;

pub use gst::validate_composition_eligibility;

pub use gst::validate_eway_bill_requirement;

pub use gst::validate_gst_compliance;

pub use gst::validate_gstin;

pub use gst::validate_invoice;

pub use gst::validate_itc_eligibility;

pub use gst::validate_itc_utilization;

pub use gst::validate_registration_requirement;

pub use gst::validate_return_filing;

pub use gst::validate_reverse_charge;

pub use labour_codes::Bonus;

pub use labour_codes::ComplianceChecklistItem;

pub use labour_codes::ContractLabour;

pub use labour_codes::ContractWorkNature;

pub use labour_codes::DeductionType;

pub use labour_codes::DisputeStage;

pub use labour_codes::DisputeType;

pub use labour_codes::EpfContribution;

pub use labour_codes::EsiContribution;

pub use labour_codes::EstablishmentType;

pub use labour_codes::GeographicalArea;

pub use labour_codes::GigWorker;

pub use labour_codes::Gratuity;

pub use labour_codes::IndustrialActionType;

pub use labour_codes::IndustrialDispute;

pub use labour_codes::InterStateMigrantWorker;

pub use labour_codes::LabourCodeError;

pub use labour_codes::LabourCodeResult;

pub use labour_codes::LabourComplianceCheck;

pub use labour_codes::LabourComplianceReport;

pub use labour_codes::LabourPenaltyInfo;

pub use labour_codes::Layoff;

pub use labour_codes::LayoffReason;

pub use labour_codes::LeaveProvisions;

pub use labour_codes::MaternityBenefit;

pub use labour_codes::MaternityBenefitType;

pub use labour_codes::MinimumWageFloor;

pub use labour_codes::Overtime;

pub use labour_codes::PaymentMode;

pub use labour_codes::PaymentPeriod;

pub use labour_codes::PlatformWorker;

pub use labour_codes::Retrenchment;

pub use labour_codes::SafetyCommittee;

pub use labour_codes::SkillLevel;

pub use labour_codes::SocialSecurityScheme;

pub use labour_codes::StandingOrders;

pub use labour_codes::StrikeLockout;

pub use labour_codes::TradeUnion;

pub use labour_codes::Wage;

pub use labour_codes::WageDeduction;

pub use labour_codes::WageExclusion;

pub use labour_codes::WagePayment;

pub use labour_codes::WeeklyOff;

pub use labour_codes::WorkerType;

pub use labour_codes::WorkingHours;

pub use labour_codes::calculate_gratuity;

pub use labour_codes::calculate_minimum_wage;

pub use labour_codes::get_compliance_checklist as get_labour_compliance_checklist;

pub use labour_codes::validate_bonus;

pub use labour_codes::validate_contract_labour;

pub use labour_codes::validate_deductions;

pub use labour_codes::validate_epf_compliance;

pub use labour_codes::validate_esi_compliance;

pub use labour_codes::validate_establishment_registration;

pub use labour_codes::validate_gratuity;

pub use labour_codes::validate_labour_compliance;

pub use labour_codes::validate_layoff;

pub use labour_codes::validate_leave;

pub use labour_codes::validate_maternity_benefit;

pub use labour_codes::validate_migrant_worker;

pub use labour_codes::validate_minimum_wage;

pub use labour_codes::validate_overtime;

pub use labour_codes::validate_retrenchment;

pub use labour_codes::validate_safety_committee;

pub use labour_codes::validate_standing_orders;

pub use labour_codes::validate_strike_lockout_notice;

pub use labour_codes::validate_trade_union;

pub use labour_codes::validate_wage_payment;

pub use labour_codes::validate_working_hours;

pub use criminal::Accused;

pub use criminal::BailStatus as CriminalBailStatus;

pub use criminal::BnsError;

pub use criminal::BnsPenaltyInfo;

pub use criminal::BnsResult;

pub use criminal::CaseStatus;

pub use criminal::CommunityService;

pub use criminal::CommunityWorkType;

pub use criminal::Court as CriminalCourt;

pub use criminal::CriminalCase;

pub use criminal::CriminalComplianceReport;

pub use criminal::EFir;

pub use criminal::FineType;

pub use criminal::ImprisonmentType;

pub use criminal::InvestigationStatus;

pub use criminal::LimitationPeriod;

pub use criminal::Offence;

pub use criminal::OffenceCategory;

pub use criminal::PleaBargaining;

pub use criminal::Punishment as CriminalPunishment;

pub use criminal::ZeroFir;

pub use criminal::calculate_statutory_bail_eligibility;

pub use criminal::get_applicable_court;

pub use criminal::get_limitation_period as get_criminal_limitation_period;

pub use criminal::get_punishment_for_offence;

pub use criminal::validate_arrest_procedure;

pub use criminal::validate_bail_status;

pub use criminal::validate_criminal_compliance;

pub use criminal::validate_fir_registration;

pub use criminal::validate_investigation_timeline;

pub use criminal::validate_juvenile_handling;

pub use criminal::validate_plea_bargaining;

pub use criminal::validate_police_remand;

pub use criminal::validate_sentencing;

pub use criminal::validate_trial_timeline;

pub use constitution::AmendmentProcedure;

pub use constitution::AmendmentVoteCheck;

pub use constitution::Article19Freedom;

pub use constitution::BasicStructure;

pub use constitution::ConstitutionPart;

pub use constitution::ConstitutionalAmendment;

pub use constitution::ConstitutionalComplianceReport;

pub use constitution::ConstitutionalCourt;

pub use constitution::ConstitutionalError;

pub use constitution::ConstitutionalResult;

pub use constitution::DirectivePrinciple;

pub use constitution::EmergencyType;

pub use constitution::FundamentalDuty;

pub use constitution::FundamentalRight;

pub use constitution::HouseVotes;

pub use constitution::Legislature;

pub use constitution::PilPetitionerType;

pub use constitution::PublicInterestLitigation;

pub use constitution::Schedule7List;

pub use constitution::WritPetition;

pub use constitution::WritType;

pub use constitution::check_basic_structure_violation;

pub use constitution::get_appropriate_writ;

pub use constitution::get_constitutional_limitation;

pub use constitution::validate_amendment_procedure;

pub use constitution::validate_article19_restriction;

pub use constitution::validate_constitutional_compliance;

pub use constitution::validate_due_process;

pub use constitution::validate_emergency_proclamation;

pub use constitution::validate_equality;

pub use constitution::validate_fundamental_right_claim;

pub use constitution::validate_legislative_competence;

pub use constitution::validate_pil_maintainability;

pub use constitution::validate_writ_petition;

pub use civil_procedure_code::AppealStatus as CpcAppealStatus;

pub use civil_procedure_code::AppealType as CpcAppealType;

pub use civil_procedure_code::CivilSuit;

pub use civil_procedure_code::CourtFees;

pub use civil_procedure_code::CourtType as CpcCourtType;

pub use civil_procedure_code::CpcComplianceReport;

pub use civil_procedure_code::CpcError;

pub use civil_procedure_code::CpcResult;

pub use civil_procedure_code::ExecutionMode;

pub use civil_procedure_code::ExecutionProceeding;

pub use civil_procedure_code::ExecutionStatus;

pub use civil_procedure_code::JurisdictionBasis;

pub use civil_procedure_code::LimitationPeriod as CpcLimitationPeriod;

pub use civil_procedure_code::OrderType;

pub use civil_procedure_code::PecuniaryJurisdiction;

pub use civil_procedure_code::PleadingType;

pub use civil_procedure_code::SuitStatus;

pub use civil_procedure_code::SuitType;

pub use civil_procedure_code::calculate_appeal_court_fees;

pub use civil_procedure_code::calculate_days_between;

pub use civil_procedure_code::get_appeal_limitation as get_cpc_appeal_limitation;

pub use civil_procedure_code::get_pecuniary_jurisdiction;

pub use civil_procedure_code::is_order_appealable;

pub use civil_procedure_code::is_within_limitation as is_within_cpc_limitation;

pub use civil_procedure_code::validate_appeal_compliance as validate_cpc_appeal_compliance;

pub use civil_procedure_code::validate_execution_compliance;

pub use civil_procedure_code::validate_plaint;

pub use civil_procedure_code::validate_suit_compliance;

pub use civil_procedure_code::validate_territorial_jurisdiction;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::AppealType as CrpcAppealType;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::ArrestType;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::BailApplication;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::BailStatus as CrpcBailStatus;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::BailType;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::Chargesheet;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::CompoundableOffence;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::CriminalAppeal;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::CrpcComplianceReport;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::CrpcError;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::CrpcResult;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::InvestigationStage;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::PoliceRemand;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::TrialProceedings;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::TrialStage;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::Verdict;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::check_default_bail_eligibility;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::get_appeal_limitation_days as get_crpc_appeal_limitation_days;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::validate_appeal_limitation;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::validate_bail_application;

pub use criminal_procedure_code::validate_chargesheet_timing;

pub use evidence_act::Admissibility;

pub use evidence_act::BurdenOfProof;

pub use evidence_act::Evidence;

pub use evidence_act::EvidenceActError;

pub use evidence_act::EvidenceActResult;

pub use evidence_act::EvidenceComplianceReport;

pub use evidence_act::EvidenceType;

pub use evidence_act::Presumption;

pub use evidence_act::check_hearsay_exception;

pub use evidence_act::validate_electronic_evidence;

pub use evidence_act::validate_evidence_admissibility;

pub use arbitration_act::ArbitralAward;

pub use arbitration_act::ArbitrationAgreement;

pub use arbitration_act::ArbitrationType;

pub use arbitration_act::AwardType;

pub use insolvency_code::CorporateInsolvencyProcess;

pub use insolvency_code::Creditor;

pub use insolvency_code::CreditorType;

pub use insolvency_code::IbcStage;

pub use insolvency_code::InsolvencyProcessType;

pub use competition_law::AbuseOfDominance;

pub use competition_law::AntiCompetitiveAgreement;

pub use competition_law::AntiCompetitiveAgreementType;

pub use competition_law::CombinationNotification;

pub use environmental_law::EnvironmentalClearance;

pub use environmental_law::EnvironmentalClearanceType;

pub use environmental_law::PollutionControlCompliance;

pub use environmental_law::PollutionType;

pub use environmental_law::ProjectCategory;

pub use fema::AccountType as FemaAccountType;

pub use fema::FdiRoute;

pub use fema::FemaViolationType;

pub use fema::ForeignInvestment;

pub use fema::RemittanceTransaction;

Modules

arbitration_act

Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996

citation

Indian Legal Citation System

civil_procedure_code

Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) 1908

common

Common utilities for Indian legal system

companies

Companies Act 2013 Module

competition_law

Competition Act 2002

constitution

Constitution of India

contract

Indian Contract Act 1872 Module

criminal

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 - Indian Criminal Law

criminal_procedure_code

Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) 1973 / BNSS 2023

data_protection

Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 Module

environmental_law

Environmental Protection Act 1986

evidence_act

Indian Evidence Act 1872 / Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023

fema

Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 1999

gst

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Module

insolvency_code

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) 2016

intellectual_property

Intellectual Property Law

it_act

Information Technology Act 2000 Module

labour_codes

Labour Codes 2020 Module

securities_law

Securities Law