Struct io_streams::BufDuplexer
source · pub struct BufDuplexer<Inner: HalfDuplex> { /* private fields */ }
Expand description
Wraps a reader and writer and buffers their output.
It can be excessively inefficient to work directly with something that
implements Write
. For example, every call to
write
on TcpStream
results in a system call. A
BufDuplexer<Inner>
keeps an in-memory buffer of data and writes it to an
underlying writer in large, infrequent batches.
It can be excessively inefficient to work directly with a Read
instance. For example, every call to read
on
TcpStream
results in a system call. A BufDuplexer<Inner>
performs
large, infrequent reads on the underlying Read
and maintains an
in-memory buffer of the results.
BufDuplexer<Inner>
can improve the speed of programs that make small
and repeated write calls to the same file or network socket. It does not
help when writing very large amounts at once, or writing just one or a few
times. It also provides no advantage when writing to a destination that is
in memory, like a Vec
<u8>
.
BufDuplexer<Inner>
can improve the speed of programs that make small
and repeated read calls to the same file or network socket. It does not
help when reading very large amounts at once, or reading just one or a few
times. It also provides no advantage when reading from a source that is
already in memory, like a Vec
<u8>
.
It is critical to call flush
before BufDuplexer<Inner>
is dropped.
Though dropping will attempt to flush the contents of the writer buffer,
any errors that happen in the process of dropping will be ignored. Calling
flush
ensures that the writer buffer is empty and thus dropping will
not even attempt file operations.
When the BufDuplexer<Inner>
is dropped, the contents of its reader buffer
will be discarded. Creating multiple instances of a BufDuplexer<Inner>
on
the same stream can cause data loss. Reading from the underlying reader
after unwrapping the BufDuplexer<Inner>
with BufDuplexer::into_inner
can also cause data loss.
§Examples
Let’s write the numbers one through ten to a TcpStream
:
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let mut stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();
for i in 0..10 {
stream.write(&[i + 1]).unwrap();
}
Because we’re not buffering, we write each one in turn, incurring the
overhead of a system call per byte written. We can fix this with a
BufDuplexer<Inner>
:
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let mut stream = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
for i in 0..10 {
stream.write(&[i + 1]).unwrap();
}
stream.flush().unwrap();
By wrapping the stream with a BufDuplexer<Inner>
, these ten writes are
all grouped together by the buffer and will all be written out in one
system call when the stream
is flushed.
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let mut stream = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
let mut line = String::new();
let len = stream.read_line(&mut line)?;
println!("First line is {} bytes long", len);
Ok(())
}
Implementations§
source§impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> BufDuplexer<Inner>
impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> BufDuplexer<Inner>
sourcepub fn new(inner: Inner) -> Self
pub fn new(inner: Inner) -> Self
Creates a new BufDuplexer<Inner>
with default buffer capacities. The
default is currently 8 KB, but may change in the future.
§Examples
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let mut buffer = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
sourcepub fn with_capacities(
reader_capacity: usize,
writer_capacity: usize,
inner: Inner
) -> Self
pub fn with_capacities( reader_capacity: usize, writer_capacity: usize, inner: Inner ) -> Self
Creates a new BufDuplexer<Inner>
with the specified buffer
capacities.
§Examples
Creating a buffer with ten bytes of reader capacity and a writer buffer of a hundered bytes:
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();
let mut buffer = BufDuplexer::with_capacities(10, 100, stream);
sourcepub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Inner
pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Inner
Gets a reference to the underlying reader/writer.
§Examples
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let mut buffer = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
// we can use reference just like buffer
let reference = buffer.get_ref();
sourcepub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner
Gets a mutable reference to the underlying reader/writer.
It is inadvisable to directly write to the underlying reader/writer.
§Examples
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let mut buffer = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
// we can use reference just like buffer
let reference = buffer.get_mut();
sourcepub fn writer_buffer(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
pub fn writer_buffer(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
Returns a reference to the internally buffered writer data.
§Examples
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let buf_writer = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
// See how many bytes are currently buffered
let bytes_buffered = buf_writer.writer_buffer().len();
sourcepub fn reader_buffer(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
pub fn reader_buffer(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
Returns a reference to the internally buffered reader data.
Unlike fill_buf
, this will not attempt to fill the buffer if it is
empty.
§Examples
use char_device::CharDevice;
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufRead;
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let f = CharDevice::new(File::open("/dev/ttyS0")?)?;
let mut reader = BufDuplexer::new(f);
assert!(reader.reader_buffer().is_empty());
if reader.fill_buf()?.len() > 0 {
assert!(!reader.reader_buffer().is_empty());
}
Ok(())
}
sourcepub fn writer_capacity(&self) -> usize
pub fn writer_capacity(&self) -> usize
Returns the number of bytes the internal writer buffer can hold without flushing.
§Examples
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let buf_duplexer = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
// Check the capacity of the inner buffer
let capacity = buf_duplexer.writer_capacity();
// Calculate how many bytes can be written without flushing
let without_flush = capacity - buf_duplexer.writer_buffer().len();
sourcepub fn reader_capacity(&self) -> usize
pub fn reader_capacity(&self) -> usize
Returns the number of bytes the internal reader buffer can hold at once.
§Examples
use char_device::CharDevice;
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufRead;
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let f = CharDevice::new(File::open("/dev/tty")?)?;
let mut reader = BufDuplexer::new(f);
let capacity = reader.reader_capacity();
let buffer = reader.fill_buf()?;
assert!(buffer.len() <= capacity);
Ok(())
}
sourcepub fn into_inner(self) -> Result<Inner, IntoInnerError<Self>>
pub fn into_inner(self) -> Result<Inner, IntoInnerError<Self>>
Unwraps this BufDuplexer<Inner>
, returning the underlying
reader/writer.
The buffer is written out before returning the reader/writer.
§Errors
An Err
will be returned if an error occurs while flushing the
buffer.
§Examples
use io_streams::BufDuplexer;
use std::net::TcpStream;
let mut buffer = BufDuplexer::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
// unwrap the TcpStream and flush the buffer
let stream = buffer.into_inner().unwrap();
Trait Implementations§
source§impl<Inner: HalfDuplex + AsFd> AsFd for BufDuplexer<Inner>
impl<Inner: HalfDuplex + AsFd> AsFd for BufDuplexer<Inner>
source§fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
source§impl<Inner: HalfDuplex + AsRawFd> AsRawFd for BufDuplexer<Inner>
impl<Inner: HalfDuplex + AsRawFd> AsRawFd for BufDuplexer<Inner>
source§impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> BufRead for BufDuplexer<Inner>
impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> BufRead for BufDuplexer<Inner>
source§fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]>
fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]>
source§fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)
fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)
amt
bytes have been consumed from the buffer,
so they should no longer be returned in calls to read
. Read moresource§fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize>
fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize>
0xA
byte) is reached, and append
them to the provided String
buffer. Read moresource§fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>
fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>
buf_read_has_data_left
)Read
has any data left to be read. Read moresource§fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Error>
bufread_skip_until
)byte
or EOF is reached. Read moresource§impl<Inner> Debug for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: Debug + HalfDuplex,
impl<Inner> Debug for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: Debug + HalfDuplex,
source§impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> Read for BufDuplexer<Inner>
impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> Read for BufDuplexer<Inner>
source§fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>
fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>
source§fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize>
fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize>
read
, except that it reads into a slice of buffers. Read moresource§fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool
can_vector
)1.0.0 · source§fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>
buf
. Read more1.0.0 · source§fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>
buf
. Read more1.6.0 · source§fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
buf
. Read moresource§fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
read_buf
)source§fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
read_buf
)cursor
. Read more1.0.0 · source§fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Selfwhere
Self: Sized,
fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Selfwhere
Self: Sized,
Read
. Read moresource§impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> Write for BufDuplexer<Inner>
impl<Inner: HalfDuplex> Write for BufDuplexer<Inner>
source§fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>
source§fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<()>
fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<()>
source§fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
can_vector
)source§fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>
fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>
source§fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>
write_all_vectored
)Auto Trait Implementations§
impl<Inner> Freeze for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: Freeze,
impl<Inner> RefUnwindSafe for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: RefUnwindSafe,
impl<Inner> Send for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: Send,
impl<Inner> Sync for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: Sync,
impl<Inner> Unpin for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: Unpin,
impl<Inner> UnwindSafe for BufDuplexer<Inner>where
Inner: UnwindSafe,
Blanket Implementations§
source§impl<T> AsFilelike for Twhere
T: AsFd,
impl<T> AsFilelike for Twhere
T: AsFd,
source§fn as_filelike(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
fn as_filelike(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
source§fn as_filelike_view<Target>(&self) -> FilelikeView<'_, Target>where
Target: FilelikeViewType,
fn as_filelike_view<Target>(&self) -> FilelikeView<'_, Target>where
Target: FilelikeViewType,
&Target
. Read moresource§impl<T> AsGrip for Twhere
T: AsFd,
impl<T> AsGrip for Twhere
T: AsFd,
source§fn as_grip(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
fn as_grip(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
source§impl<T> AsRawFilelike for Twhere
T: AsRawFd,
impl<T> AsRawFilelike for Twhere
T: AsRawFd,
source§fn as_raw_filelike(&self) -> i32
fn as_raw_filelike(&self) -> i32
source§impl<T> AsRawGrip for Twhere
T: AsRawFd,
impl<T> AsRawGrip for Twhere
T: AsRawFd,
source§fn as_raw_grip(&self) -> i32
fn as_raw_grip(&self) -> i32
source§impl<T> AsRawSocketlike for Twhere
T: AsRawFd,
impl<T> AsRawSocketlike for Twhere
T: AsRawFd,
source§fn as_raw_socketlike(&self) -> i32
fn as_raw_socketlike(&self) -> i32
source§impl<T> AsSocketlike for Twhere
T: AsFd,
impl<T> AsSocketlike for Twhere
T: AsFd,
source§fn as_socketlike(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
fn as_socketlike(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>
source§fn as_socketlike_view<Target>(&self) -> SocketlikeView<'_, Target>where
Target: SocketlikeViewType,
fn as_socketlike_view<Target>(&self) -> SocketlikeView<'_, Target>where
Target: SocketlikeViewType,
&Target
. Read moresource§impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,
impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,
source§fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
source§impl<T> FileIoExt for Twhere
T: AsFilelike + IoExt,
impl<T> FileIoExt for Twhere
T: AsFilelike + IoExt,
source§fn advise(&self, offset: u64, len: u64, advice: Advice) -> Result<(), Error>
fn advise(&self, offset: u64, len: u64, advice: Advice) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn allocate(&self, offset: u64, len: u64) -> Result<(), Error>
fn allocate(&self, offset: u64, len: u64) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn read_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error>
source§fn read_exact_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_exact_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn read_vectored_at(
&self,
bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>],
offset: u64
) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_vectored_at( &self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>], offset: u64 ) -> Result<usize, Error>
read_vectored
what read_at
is to read
.source§fn is_read_vectored_at(&self) -> bool
fn is_read_vectored_at(&self) -> bool
FileIoExt
implementation has an efficient
read_vectored_at
implementation.source§fn read_to_end_at(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_to_end_at(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error>
offset
, until EOF in this source, placing
them into buf
.source§fn read_to_string_at(
&self,
buf: &mut String,
offset: u64
) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_to_string_at( &self, buf: &mut String, offset: u64 ) -> Result<usize, Error>
offset
, until EOF in this source,
appending them to buf
.source§fn write_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn write_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> Result<usize, Error>
source§fn write_all_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_all_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn write_vectored_at(
&self,
bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
offset: u64
) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn write_vectored_at( &self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>], offset: u64 ) -> Result<usize, Error>
write_vectored
what write_at
is to write
.source§fn is_write_vectored_at(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored_at(&self) -> bool
FileIoExt
implementation has an efficient
write_vectored_at
implementation.source§fn append(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn append(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
source§fn append_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn append_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>
append
what write_vectored
is to write
.source§fn is_append_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_append_vectored(&self) -> bool
FileIoExt
implementation has an efficient
append_vectored
implementation.source§fn seek(&self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>
fn seek(&self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>
source§fn stream_position(&self) -> Result<u64, Error>
fn stream_position(&self) -> Result<u64, Error>
source§fn read_exact_vectored_at(
&self,
bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>],
offset: u64
) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_exact_vectored_at( &self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>], offset: u64 ) -> Result<(), Error>
read_exact_vectored
what read_exact_at
is to read_exact
.source§fn write_all_vectored_at(
&self,
bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>],
offset: u64
) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_all_vectored_at( &self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>], offset: u64 ) -> Result<(), Error>
write_all_vectored
what write_all_at
is to write_all
.source§impl<T> GetSetFdFlags for T
impl<T> GetSetFdFlags for T
source§fn get_fd_flags(&self) -> Result<FdFlags, Error>where
T: AsFilelike,
fn get_fd_flags(&self) -> Result<FdFlags, Error>where
T: AsFilelike,
self
file descriptor.source§fn new_set_fd_flags(&self, fd_flags: FdFlags) -> Result<SetFdFlags<T>, Error>where
T: AsFilelike,
fn new_set_fd_flags(&self, fd_flags: FdFlags) -> Result<SetFdFlags<T>, Error>where
T: AsFilelike,
source§fn set_fd_flags(&mut self, set_fd_flags: SetFdFlags<T>) -> Result<(), Error>where
T: AsFilelike,
fn set_fd_flags(&mut self, set_fd_flags: SetFdFlags<T>) -> Result<(), Error>where
T: AsFilelike,
self
file descriptor. Read moresource§impl<T> IoExt for Twhere
T: AsFilelike + AsSocketlike,
impl<T> IoExt for Twhere
T: AsFilelike + AsSocketlike,
source§fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
source§fn read_exact(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_exact(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
buf
. Read moresource§fn read_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>
read
, except that it reads into a slice of buffers. Read moresource§fn read_to_end(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_to_end(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>
buf
. Read moresource§fn read_to_string(&self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn read_to_string(&self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>
buf
. Read moresource§fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
source§fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
source§fn write_all(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_all(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn write_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn write_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>
write
, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read moresource§fn flush(&self) -> Result<(), Error>
fn flush(&self) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn write_fmt(&self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_fmt(&self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
source§fn read_exact_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn read_exact_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>
read_vectored
what read_exact
is to read
.