imessage_database/util/
plist.rs

1/*!
2 Contains logic and data structures used to parse and deserialize [`NSKeyedArchiver`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nskeyedarchiver) property list files into native Rust data structures.
3
4 The main entry point is [`parse_ns_keyed_archiver()`]. For normal property lists, use [`plist_as_dictionary()`].
5
6 ## Overview
7
8 The `NSKeyedArchiver` format is a property list-based serialization protocol used by Apple's Foundation framework.
9 It stores object graphs in a keyed format, allowing for more flexible deserialization and better handling of
10 object references compared to the older typedstream format.
11
12 ## Origin
13
14 Introduced in Mac OS X 10.2 as part of the Foundation framework, `NSKeyedArchiver` replaced `NSArchiver`
15 ([`typedstream`](crate::util::typedstream)) system as Apple's primary object serialization mechanism.
16
17 ## Features
18
19 - Pure Rust implementation for efficient and safe deserialization
20 - Support for both XML and binary property list formats
21 - No dependencies on Apple frameworks
22 - Robust error handling for malformed or invalid archives
23*/
24
25use plist::{Dictionary, Value};
26
27use crate::error::plist::PlistParseError;
28
29/// Serialize a message's `payload_data` BLOB in the [`NSKeyedArchiver`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nskeyedarchiver) format to a [`Dictionary`]
30/// that follows the references in the XML document's UID pointers. First, we find the root of the
31/// document, then walk the structure, promoting values to the places where their pointers are stored.
32///
33/// For example, a document with a root pointing to some `XML` like
34///
35/// ```xml
36/// <array>
37///     <dict>
38///         <key>link</key>
39///         <dict>
40///              <key>CF$UID</key>
41///              <integer>2</integer>
42///         </dict>
43///     </dict>
44///     <string>https://chrissardegna.com</string>
45/// </array>
46/// ```
47///
48/// Will serialize to a dictionary that looks like:
49///
50/// ```json
51/// {
52///     link: https://chrissardegna.com
53/// }
54/// ```
55///
56/// Some detail on this format is described [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_list#Serializing_to_plist):
57///
58/// > Internally, `NSKeyedArchiver` somewhat recapitulates the binary plist format by
59/// > storing an object table array called `$objects` in the dictionary. Everything else,
60/// > including class information, is referenced by a UID pointer. A `$top` entry under
61/// > the dict points to the top-level object the programmer was meaning to encode.
62///
63/// # Data Source
64///
65/// The source plist data generally comes from [`Message::payload_data()`](crate::tables::messages::message::Message::payload_data).
66pub fn parse_ns_keyed_archiver(plist: &Value) -> Result<Value, PlistParseError> {
67    let body = plist_as_dictionary(plist)?;
68    let objects = extract_array_key(body, "$objects")?;
69
70    // Index of root object
71    let root = extract_uid_key(extract_dictionary(body, "$top")?, "root")?;
72
73    follow_uid(objects, root, None, None)
74}
75
76/// Recursively follows pointers in an `NSKeyedArchiver` format, promoting the values
77/// to the positions where the pointers live
78fn follow_uid<'a>(
79    objects: &'a [Value],
80    root: usize,
81    parent: Option<&str>,
82    item: Option<&'a Value>,
83) -> Result<Value, PlistParseError> {
84    let item = match item {
85        Some(item) => item,
86        None => objects
87            .get(root)
88            .ok_or(PlistParseError::NoValueAtIndex(root))?,
89    };
90
91    match item {
92        Value::Array(arr) => {
93            let mut array = vec![];
94            for item in arr {
95                if let Some(idx) = item.as_uid() {
96                    array.push(follow_uid(objects, idx.get() as usize, parent, None)?);
97                }
98            }
99            Ok(plist::Value::Array(array))
100        }
101        Value::Dictionary(dict) => {
102            let mut dictionary = Dictionary::new();
103            // Handle where type is a Dictionary that points to another single value
104            if let Some(relative) = dict.get("NS.relative") {
105                if let Some(idx) = relative.as_uid() {
106                    if let Some(p) = &parent {
107                        dictionary.insert(
108                            p.to_string(),
109                            follow_uid(objects, idx.get() as usize, Some(p), None)?,
110                        );
111                    }
112                }
113            }
114            // Handle the NSDictionary and NSMutableDictionary types
115            else if dict.contains_key("NS.keys") && dict.contains_key("NS.objects") {
116                let keys = extract_array_key(dict, "NS.keys")?;
117                // These are the values in the objects list
118                let values = extract_array_key(dict, "NS.objects")?;
119                // Die here if the data is invalid
120                if keys.len() != values.len() {
121                    return Err(PlistParseError::InvalidDictionarySize(
122                        keys.len(),
123                        values.len(),
124                    ));
125                }
126
127                for idx in 0..keys.len() {
128                    let key_index = extract_uid_idx(keys, idx)?;
129                    let value_index = extract_uid_idx(values, idx)?;
130                    let key = extract_string_idx(objects, key_index)?;
131
132                    dictionary.insert(
133                        String::from(key),
134                        follow_uid(objects, value_index, Some(key), None)?,
135                    );
136                }
137            }
138            // Handle a normal `{key: value}` style dictionary
139            else {
140                for (key, val) in dict {
141                    // Skip class names; we don't need them
142                    if key == "$class" {
143                        continue;
144                    }
145                    // If the value is a pointer, follow it
146                    if let Some(idx) = val.as_uid() {
147                        dictionary.insert(
148                            String::from(key),
149                            follow_uid(objects, idx.get() as usize, Some(key), None)?,
150                        );
151                    }
152                    // If the value is not a pointer, try and follow the data itself
153                    else if let Some(p) = parent {
154                        dictionary.insert(
155                            String::from(p),
156                            follow_uid(objects, root, Some(p), Some(val))?,
157                        );
158                    }
159                }
160            }
161            Ok(plist::Value::Dictionary(dictionary))
162        }
163        Value::Uid(uid) => follow_uid(objects, uid.get() as usize, None, None),
164        _ => Ok(item.to_owned()),
165    }
166}
167
168/// Extract a dictionary from table `plist` data.
169pub fn plist_as_dictionary(plist: &Value) -> Result<&Dictionary, PlistParseError> {
170    plist
171        .as_dictionary()
172        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidType("body".to_string(), "dictionary".to_string()))
173}
174
175/// Extract a dictionary from a specific key in a collection
176pub fn extract_dictionary<'a>(
177    body: &'a Dictionary,
178    key: &str,
179) -> Result<&'a Dictionary, PlistParseError> {
180    body.get(key)
181        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::MissingKey(key.to_string()))?
182        .as_dictionary()
183        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidType(key.to_string(), "dictionary".to_string()))
184}
185
186/// Extract an array from a specific key in a collection
187pub fn extract_array_key<'a>(
188    body: &'a Dictionary,
189    key: &str,
190) -> Result<&'a Vec<Value>, PlistParseError> {
191    body.get(key)
192        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::MissingKey(key.to_string()))?
193        .as_array()
194        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidType(key.to_string(), "array".to_string()))
195}
196
197/// Extract a Uid from a specific key in a collection
198fn extract_uid_key(body: &Dictionary, key: &str) -> Result<usize, PlistParseError> {
199    Ok(body
200        .get(key)
201        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::MissingKey(key.to_string()))?
202        .as_uid()
203        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidType(key.to_string(), "uid".to_string()))?
204        .get() as usize)
205}
206
207/// Extract bytes from a specific key in a collection
208pub fn extract_bytes_key<'a>(body: &'a Dictionary, key: &str) -> Result<&'a [u8], PlistParseError> {
209    body.get(key)
210        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::MissingKey(key.to_string()))?
211        .as_data()
212        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidType(key.to_string(), "data".to_string()))
213}
214
215/// Extract an int from a specific key in a collection
216pub fn extract_int_key(body: &Dictionary, key: &str) -> Result<i64, PlistParseError> {
217    Ok(body
218        .get(key)
219        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::MissingKey(key.to_string()))?
220        .as_real()
221        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidType(key.to_string(), "int".to_string()))?
222        as i64)
223}
224
225/// Extract a Uid from a specific index in a collection
226fn extract_uid_idx(body: &[Value], idx: usize) -> Result<usize, PlistParseError> {
227    Ok(body
228        .get(idx)
229        .ok_or(PlistParseError::NoValueAtIndex(idx))?
230        .as_uid()
231        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidTypeIndex(idx, "uid".to_string()))?
232        .get() as usize)
233}
234
235/// Extract a string from a specific index in a collection
236fn extract_string_idx(body: &[Value], idx: usize) -> Result<&str, PlistParseError> {
237    body.get(idx)
238        .ok_or(PlistParseError::NoValueAtIndex(idx))?
239        .as_string()
240        .ok_or_else(|| PlistParseError::InvalidTypeIndex(idx, "string".to_string()))
241}
242
243/// Extract a string from a key-value pair that looks like `{key: String("value")}`
244pub fn get_string_from_dict<'a>(payload: &'a Value, key: &'a str) -> Option<&'a str> {
245    payload
246        .as_dictionary()?
247        .get(key)?
248        .as_string()
249        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
250}
251
252/// Extract an inner dict from a key-value pair that looks like `{key: {key2: val}}`
253pub fn get_value_from_dict<'a>(payload: &'a Value, key: &'a str) -> Option<&'a Value> {
254    payload.as_dictionary()?.get(key)
255}
256
257/// Extract a bool from a key-value pair that looks like `{key: true}`
258pub fn get_bool_from_dict<'a>(payload: &'a Value, key: &'a str) -> Option<bool> {
259    payload.as_dictionary()?.get(key)?.as_boolean()
260}
261
262/// Extract a string from a key-value pair that looks like `{key: {key: String("value")}}`
263pub fn get_string_from_nested_dict<'a>(payload: &'a Value, key: &'a str) -> Option<&'a str> {
264    payload
265        .as_dictionary()?
266        .get(key)?
267        .as_dictionary()?
268        .get(key)?
269        .as_string()
270        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
271}
272
273/// Extract a float from a key-value pair that looks like `{key: {key: 1.2}}`
274pub fn get_float_from_nested_dict<'a>(payload: &'a Value, key: &'a str) -> Option<f64> {
275    payload
276        .as_dictionary()?
277        .get(key)?
278        .as_dictionary()?
279        .get(key)?
280        .as_real()
281}
imessage_database/util/plist.rs

imessage_database/util/
plist.rs
