i_slint_backend_winit/

lib.rs

// Copyright © SixtyFPS GmbH <info@slint.dev>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Slint-Royalty-free-2.0 OR LicenseRef-Slint-Software-3.0

#![doc = include_str!("README.md")]
#![doc(html_logo_url = "https://slint.dev/logo/slint-logo-square-light.svg")]
#![warn(missing_docs)]
#![cfg_attr(slint_nightly_test, feature(non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns_lint))]
#![cfg_attr(slint_nightly_test, warn(non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns))]

extern crate alloc;

use event_loop::{CustomEvent, EventLoopState};
use i_slint_core::api::EventLoopError;
use i_slint_core::graphics::RequestedGraphicsAPI;
use i_slint_core::platform::{EventLoopProxy, PlatformError};
use i_slint_core::window::WindowAdapter;
use renderer::WinitCompatibleRenderer;
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::rc::Weak;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
use winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;

#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
mod clipboard;
mod drag_resize_window;
mod winitwindowadapter;
use winitwindowadapter::*;
pub(crate) mod event_loop;
mod frame_throttle;
#[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
mod ios;

/// Re-export of the winit crate.
pub use winit;

/// Internal type used by the winit backend for thread communication and window system updates.
///
/// See also [`EventLoopBuilder`]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SlintEvent(CustomEvent);

#[i_slint_core_macros::slint_doc]
/// Convenience alias for the event loop builder used by Slint.
///
/// It can be used to configure the event loop with
/// [`slint::BackendSelector::with_winit_event_loop_builder()`](slint:rust:slint/struct.BackendSelector.html#method.with_winit_event_loop_builder)
pub type EventLoopBuilder = winit::event_loop::EventLoopBuilder<SlintEvent>;

/// Returned by callbacks passed to [`Window::on_winit_window_event`](WinitWindowAccessor::on_winit_window_event)
/// to determine if winit events should propagate to the Slint event loop.
pub enum EventResult {
    /// The winit event should propagate normally.
    Propagate,
    /// The winit event shouldn't be processed further.
    PreventDefault,
}

mod renderer {
    use std::sync::Arc;

    use i_slint_core::platform::PlatformError;
    use winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop;

    pub trait WinitCompatibleRenderer: std::any::Any {
        fn render(&self, window: &i_slint_core::api::Window) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;

        fn as_core_renderer(&self) -> &dyn i_slint_core::renderer::Renderer;
        // Got WindowEvent::Occluded
        fn occluded(&self, _: bool) {}

        fn suspend(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;

        // Got winit::Event::Resumed
        fn resume(
            &self,
            active_event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
            window_attributes: winit::window::WindowAttributes,
        ) -> Result<Arc<winit::window::Window>, PlatformError>;
    }

    #[cfg(enable_femtovg_renderer)]
    pub(crate) mod femtovg;
    #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)]
    pub(crate) mod skia;

    #[cfg(feature = "renderer-software")]
    pub(crate) mod sw;
}

#[cfg(enable_accesskit)]
mod accesskit;
#[cfg(muda)]
mod muda;
#[cfg(not(use_winit_theme))]
mod xdg_color_scheme;

#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
pub(crate) mod wasm_input_helper;

cfg_if::cfg_if! {
    if #[cfg(enable_femtovg_renderer)] {
        const DEFAULT_RENDERER_NAME: &str = "FemtoVG";
    } else if #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)] {
        const DEFAULT_RENDERER_NAME: &str = "Skia";
    } else if #[cfg(feature = "renderer-software")] {
        const DEFAULT_RENDERER_NAME: &str = "Software";
    } else {
        compile_error!("Please select a feature to build with the winit backend: `renderer-femtovg`, `renderer-skia`, `renderer-skia-opengl`, `renderer-skia-vulkan` or `renderer-software`");
    }
}

fn default_renderer_factory(
    shared_backend_data: &Rc<SharedBackendData>,
) -> Result<Box<dyn WinitCompatibleRenderer>, PlatformError> {
    cfg_if::cfg_if! {
        if #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)] {
            renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_suspended(shared_backend_data)
        } else if #[cfg(feature = "renderer-femtovg-wgpu")] {
            renderer::femtovg::WGPUFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended(shared_backend_data)
        } else if #[cfg(all(feature = "renderer-femtovg", supports_opengl))] {
            renderer::femtovg::GlutinFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended(shared_backend_data)
        } else if #[cfg(feature = "renderer-software")] {
            renderer::sw::WinitSoftwareRenderer::new_suspended(shared_backend_data)
        } else {
            compile_error!("Please select a feature to build with the winit backend: `renderer-femtovg`, `renderer-skia`, `renderer-skia-opengl`, `renderer-skia-vulkan` or `renderer-software`");
        }
    }
}

fn try_create_window_with_fallback_renderer(
    shared_backend_data: &Rc<SharedBackendData>,
    attrs: winit::window::WindowAttributes,
    _proxy: &winit::event_loop::EventLoopProxy<SlintEvent>,
    #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))] muda_enable_default_menu_bar: bool,
) -> Option<Rc<WinitWindowAdapter>> {
    [
        #[cfg(any(
            feature = "renderer-skia",
            feature = "renderer-skia-opengl",
            feature = "renderer-skia-vulkan"
        ))]
        renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_suspended,
        #[cfg(feature = "renderer-femtovg-wgpu")]
        renderer::femtovg::WGPUFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended,
        #[cfg(all(
            feature = "renderer-femtovg",
            supports_opengl,
            not(feature = "renderer-femtovg-wgpu")
        ))]
        renderer::femtovg::GlutinFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended,
        #[cfg(feature = "renderer-software")]
        renderer::sw::WinitSoftwareRenderer::new_suspended,
    ]
    .into_iter()
    .find_map(|renderer_factory| {
        Some(WinitWindowAdapter::new(
            shared_backend_data.clone(),
            renderer_factory(shared_backend_data).ok()?,
            attrs.clone(),
            #[cfg(any(enable_accesskit, muda))]
            _proxy.clone(),
            #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
            muda_enable_default_menu_bar,
        ))
    })
}

#[doc(hidden)]
pub type NativeWidgets = ();
#[doc(hidden)]
pub type NativeGlobals = ();
#[doc(hidden)]
pub const HAS_NATIVE_STYLE: bool = false;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod native_widgets {}

/// Use this trait to intercept events from winit.
///
/// It imitates [`winit::application::ApplicationHandler`] with two changes:
///   - All functions are invoked before Slint sees them. Use the [`EventResult`] return value to
///     optionally prevent Slint from seeing the event.
///   - The [`Self::window_event()`] function has additional parameters to provide access to the Slint Window and
///     Winit window, if applicable.
#[allow(unused_variables)]
pub trait CustomApplicationHandler {
    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::resumed()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::resumed()) event.
    fn resumed(&mut self, _event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::window_event()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::window_event()) event.
    fn window_event(
        &mut self,
        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
        window_id: winit::window::WindowId,
        winit_window: Option<&winit::window::Window>,
        slint_window: Option<&i_slint_core::api::Window>,
        event: &winit::event::WindowEvent,
    ) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::new_events()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::new_events()) event.
    fn new_events(
        &mut self,
        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
        cause: winit::event::StartCause,
    ) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::device_event()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::device_event()) event.
    fn device_event(
        &mut self,
        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
        device_id: winit::event::DeviceId,
        event: winit::event::DeviceEvent,
    ) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::about_to_wait()) event.
    fn about_to_wait(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::suspended()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::suspended()) event.
    fn suspended(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::exiting()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::exiting()) event.
    fn exiting(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }

    /// Re-implement to intercept the [`ApplicationHandler::memory_warning()`](winit::application::ApplicationHandler::memory_warning()) event.
    fn memory_warning(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) -> EventResult {
        EventResult::Propagate
    }
}

/// Use the BackendBuilder to configure the properties of the Winit Backend before creating it.
/// Create the builder using [`Backend::builder()`], then configure it for example with [`Self::with_renderer_name`],
/// and build the backend using [`Self::build`].
pub struct BackendBuilder {
    allow_fallback: bool,
    requested_graphics_api: Option<RequestedGraphicsAPI>,
    window_attributes_hook:
        Option<Box<dyn Fn(winit::window::WindowAttributes) -> winit::window::WindowAttributes>>,
    renderer_name: Option<String>,
    event_loop_builder: Option<EventLoopBuilder>,
    #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
    muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar: bool,
    #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
    spawn_event_loop: bool,
    custom_application_handler: Option<Box<dyn CustomApplicationHandler>>,
}

impl BackendBuilder {
    /// Configures this builder to require a renderer that supports the specified graphics API.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn request_graphics_api(mut self, graphics_api: RequestedGraphicsAPI) -> Self {
        self.requested_graphics_api = Some(graphics_api);
        self
    }

    /// Configures this builder to use the specified renderer name when building the backend later.
    /// Pass `renderer-software` for example to configure the backend to use the Slint software renderer.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_renderer_name(mut self, name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        self.renderer_name = Some(name.into());
        self
    }

    /// Configures this builder to use the specified hook that will be called before a Window is created.
    ///
    /// It can be used to adjust settings of window that will be created.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// let mut backend = i_slint_backend_winit::Backend::builder()
    ///     .with_window_attributes_hook(|attributes| attributes.with_content_protected(true))
    ///     .build()
    ///     .unwrap();
    /// slint::platform::set_platform(Box::new(backend));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_window_attributes_hook(
        mut self,
        hook: impl Fn(winit::window::WindowAttributes) -> winit::window::WindowAttributes + 'static,
    ) -> Self {
        self.window_attributes_hook = Some(Box::new(hook));
        self
    }

    /// Configures this builder to use the specified event loop builder when creating the event
    /// loop during a subsequent call to [`Self::build`].
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_event_loop_builder(mut self, event_loop_builder: EventLoopBuilder) -> Self {
        self.event_loop_builder = Some(event_loop_builder);
        self
    }

    /// Configures this builder to enable or disable the default menu bar.
    /// By default, the menu bar is provided by Slint. Set this to false
    /// if you're providing your own menu bar.
    /// Note that an application provided menu bar will be overriden by a `MenuBar`
    /// declared in Slint code.
    #[must_use]
    #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
    pub fn with_default_menu_bar(mut self, enable: bool) -> Self {
        self.muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar = enable;
        self
    }

    #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
    /// Configures this builder to spawn the event loop using [`winit::platform::web::EventLoopExtWebSys::spawn()`]
    /// run `run_event_loop()` is called.
    pub fn with_spawn_event_loop(mut self, enable: bool) -> Self {
        self.spawn_event_loop = enable;
        self
    }

    /// Configures this builder to use the specified [`CustomApplicationHandler`].
    ///
    /// This allow application developer to intercept events from winit.
    /// Similar to [`winit::application::ApplicationHandler`].
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_custom_application_handler(
        mut self,
        handler: Box<dyn CustomApplicationHandler + 'static>,
    ) -> Self {
        self.custom_application_handler = Some(handler);
        self
    }

    /// Builds the backend with the parameters configured previously. Set the resulting backend
    /// with `slint::platform::set_platform()`:
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// let mut backend = i_slint_backend_winit::Backend::builder()
    ///     .with_renderer_name("renderer-software")
    ///     .build()
    ///     .unwrap();
    /// slint::platform::set_platform(Box::new(backend));
    /// ```
    pub fn build(self) -> Result<Backend, PlatformError> {
        #[allow(unused_mut)]
        let mut event_loop_builder =
            self.event_loop_builder.unwrap_or_else(winit::event_loop::EventLoop::with_user_event);

        // Never use winit's menu bar. Either we provide one ourselves with muda, or
        // the user provides one.
        #[cfg(all(feature = "muda", target_os = "macos"))]
        winit::platform::macos::EventLoopBuilderExtMacOS::with_default_menu(
            &mut event_loop_builder,
            false,
        );

        // Initialize the winit event loop and propagate errors if for example `DISPLAY` or `WAYLAND_DISPLAY` isn't set.

        let shared_data = Rc::new(SharedBackendData::new(
            event_loop_builder,
            self.requested_graphics_api.clone(),
        )?);

        let renderer_factory_fn = match (
            self.renderer_name.as_deref(),
            self.requested_graphics_api.as_ref(),
        ) {
            #[cfg(all(feature = "renderer-femtovg", supports_opengl))]
            (Some("gl"), maybe_graphics_api) | (Some("femtovg"), maybe_graphics_api) => {
                // If a graphics API was requested, double check that it's GL. FemtoVG doesn't support Metal, etc.
                if let Some(api) = maybe_graphics_api {
                    i_slint_core::graphics::RequestedOpenGLVersion::try_from(api)?;
                }
                renderer::femtovg::GlutinFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "renderer-femtovg-wgpu")]
            (Some("femtovg-wgpu"), maybe_graphics_api) => {
                if let Some(_api) = maybe_graphics_api {
                    #[cfg(feature = "unstable-wgpu-28")]
                    if !matches!(_api, RequestedGraphicsAPI::WGPU28(..)) {
                        return Err(
                           "The FemtoVG WGPU renderer only supports the WGPU28 graphics API selection"
                                .into(),
                        );
                    }
                }
                renderer::femtovg::WGPUFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended
            }
            #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)]
            (Some("skia"), maybe_graphics_api) => {
                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::factory_for_graphics_api(maybe_graphics_api)?
            }
            #[cfg(all(enable_skia_renderer, supports_opengl))]
            (Some("skia-opengl"), maybe_graphics_api) => {
                // If a graphics API was requested, double check that it's GL.
                if let Some(api) = maybe_graphics_api {
                    i_slint_core::graphics::RequestedOpenGLVersion::try_from(api)?;
                }
                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_opengl_suspended
            }
            #[cfg(all(
                enable_skia_renderer,
                any(feature = "unstable-wgpu-27", feature = "unstable-wgpu-28")
            ))]
            (Some("skia-wgpu"), maybe_graphics_api) => {
                if let Some(factory) = maybe_graphics_api.map_or_else(
                    || {
                        cfg_if::cfg_if!(
                            if #[cfg(feature = "unstable-wgpu-28")]
                        {
                            let result = Some(
                                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_wgpu_28_suspended
                                    as RendererFactoryFn,
                            );
                        } else {
                            let result = Some(
                                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_wgpu_27_suspended
                                    as RendererFactoryFn,
                            );
                        }
                        );
                        result
                    },
                    |api| {
                        #[cfg(feature = "unstable-wgpu-27")]
                        if matches!(api, RequestedGraphicsAPI::WGPU27(..)) {
                            return Some(
                                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_wgpu_27_suspended
                                    as RendererFactoryFn,
                            );
                        }
                        #[cfg(feature = "unstable-wgpu-28")]
                        if matches!(api, RequestedGraphicsAPI::WGPU28(..)) {
                            return Some(
                                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_wgpu_28_suspended
                                    as RendererFactoryFn,
                            );
                        }
                        None
                    },
                ) {
                    factory
                } else {
                    return Err("Skia with WGPU doesn't support non-WGPU graphics API"
                        .to_string()
                        .into());
                }
            }
            #[cfg(all(enable_skia_renderer, not(target_os = "android")))]
            (Some("skia-software"), None) => {
                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_software_suspended
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "renderer-software")]
            (Some("sw"), None) | (Some("software"), None) => {
                renderer::sw::WinitSoftwareRenderer::new_suspended
            }
            (None, None) => default_renderer_factory,
            (Some(renderer_name), _) => {
                if self.allow_fallback {
                    eprintln!(
                        "slint winit: unrecognized renderer {renderer_name}, falling back to {DEFAULT_RENDERER_NAME}"
                    );
                    default_renderer_factory
                } else {
                    return Err(PlatformError::NoPlatform);
                }
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "unstable-wgpu-28")]
            (None, Some(RequestedGraphicsAPI::WGPU28(..))) => {
                cfg_if::cfg_if! {
                    if #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)] {
                        renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_wgpu_28_suspended
                    } else if #[cfg(feature = "renderer-femtovg-wgpu")] {
                        renderer::femtovg::WGPUFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended
                    } else {
                        return Err("unstable-wgpu-28 was enabled but no renderer was selected. Please select either renderer-skia* or renderer-femtovg-wgpu".into())
                    }
                }
            }
            #[cfg(all(enable_skia_renderer, feature = "unstable-wgpu-27"))]
            (None, Some(RequestedGraphicsAPI::WGPU27(..))) => {
                renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::new_wgpu_27_suspended
            }
            (None, Some(_requested_graphics_api)) => {
                cfg_if::cfg_if! {
                    if #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)] {
                        renderer::skia::WinitSkiaRenderer::factory_for_graphics_api(Some(_requested_graphics_api))?
                    } else if #[cfg(all(feature = "renderer-femtovg", supports_opengl))] {
                        // If a graphics API was requested, double check that it's GL. FemtoVG doesn't support Metal, etc.
                        i_slint_core::graphics::RequestedOpenGLVersion::try_from(_requested_graphics_api)?;
                        renderer::femtovg::GlutinFemtoVGRenderer::new_suspended
                    } else {
                        return Err(format!("Graphics API use requested by the compile-time enabled renderers don't support that").into())
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        Ok(Backend {
            renderer_factory_fn,
            event_loop_state: Default::default(),
            window_attributes_hook: self.window_attributes_hook,
            shared_data,
            #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
            muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar: self.muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar,
            #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
            spawn_event_loop: self.spawn_event_loop,
            custom_application_handler: self.custom_application_handler.into(),
        })
    }
}

pub(crate) struct SharedBackendData {
    _requested_graphics_api: Option<RequestedGraphicsAPI>,
    #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)]
    skia_context: i_slint_renderer_skia::SkiaSharedContext,
    active_windows: Rc<RefCell<HashMap<winit::window::WindowId, Weak<WinitWindowAdapter>>>>,
    /// List of visible windows that have been created when without the event loop and
    /// need to be mapped to a winit Window as soon as the event loop becomes active.
    inactive_windows: RefCell<Vec<Weak<WinitWindowAdapter>>>,
    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
    clipboard: std::cell::RefCell<clipboard::ClipboardPair>,
    not_running_event_loop: RefCell<Option<winit::event_loop::EventLoop<SlintEvent>>>,
    event_loop_proxy: winit::event_loop::EventLoopProxy<SlintEvent>,
    /// The generation is used to determine if a quit_event_loop call is meant for the current
    /// event loop or is from a stale event.
    event_loop_generation: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
    is_wayland: bool,
    #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
    #[allow(unused)]
    keyboard_notifications: ios::KeyboardNotifications,
}

impl SharedBackendData {
    fn new(
        mut builder: EventLoopBuilder,
        requested_graphics_api: Option<RequestedGraphicsAPI>,
    ) -> Result<Self, PlatformError> {
        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
        use raw_window_handle::HasDisplayHandle;

        #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_vendor = "apple")))]
        {
            #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
            {
                use winit::platform::wayland::EventLoopBuilderExtWayland;
                builder.with_any_thread(true);
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "x11")]
            {
                use winit::platform::x11::EventLoopBuilderExtX11;
                builder.with_any_thread(true);

                // Under WSL, the compositor sometimes crashes. Since we cannot reconnect after the compositor
                // was restarted, the application panics. This does not happen when using XWayland. Therefore,
                // when running under WSL, try to connect to X11 instead.
                #[cfg(feature = "wayland")]
                if std::fs::metadata("/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/WSLInterop").is_ok()
                    || std::fs::metadata("/run/WSL").is_ok()
                {
                    builder.with_x11();
                }
            }
        }
        #[cfg(target_family = "windows")]
        {
            use winit::platform::windows::EventLoopBuilderExtWindows;
            builder.with_any_thread(true);
        }

        let event_loop =
            builder.build().map_err(|e| format!("Error initializing winit event loop: {e}"))?;

        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
        Self::disable_macos_automatic_shortcut_localization();

        cfg_if::cfg_if! {
            if #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_vendor = "apple"), feature = "wayland"))] {
                use winit::platform::wayland::EventLoopExtWayland;
                let is_wayland = event_loop.is_wayland();
            } else {
                let is_wayland = false;
            }
        }

        let active_windows =
            Rc::<RefCell<HashMap<winit::window::WindowId, Weak<WinitWindowAdapter>>>>::default();

        #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
        let keyboard_notifications =
            ios::register_keyboard_notifications(Rc::downgrade(&active_windows));

        let event_loop_proxy = event_loop.create_proxy();
        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
        let clipboard = crate::clipboard::create_clipboard(
            &event_loop
                .display_handle()
                .map_err(|display_err| PlatformError::OtherError(display_err.into()))?,
        );
        Ok(Self {
            _requested_graphics_api: requested_graphics_api,
            #[cfg(enable_skia_renderer)]
            skia_context: i_slint_renderer_skia::SkiaSharedContext::default(),
            active_windows,
            inactive_windows: Default::default(),
            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
            clipboard: RefCell::new(clipboard),
            not_running_event_loop: RefCell::new(Some(event_loop)),
            event_loop_proxy,
            event_loop_generation: Default::default(),
            is_wayland,
            #[cfg(target_os = "ios")]
            keyboard_notifications,
        })
    }

    // Disable automatic keyboard shortcut localization on macOS by injecting
    // applicationShouldAutomaticallyLocalizeKeyEquivalents: into winit's delegate class.
    //
    // This is necessary to make the keyboard shortcuts declared in Slint work as intended on macOS, instead of being automatically localized by the system.
    //
    // This is done at runtime because winit 0.30 doesn't allow replacing its delegate.
    // TODO: Replace with a proper delegate class when upgrading to the next winit version.
    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    fn disable_macos_automatic_shortcut_localization() {
        use objc2::runtime::{AnyClass, AnyObject, Bool, Imp, Sel};
        use objc2::sel;

        unsafe extern "C-unwind" fn should_not_localize(
            _this: *mut AnyObject,
            _cmd: Sel,
            _app: *mut AnyObject,
        ) -> Bool {
            Bool::NO
        }

        let sel = sel!(applicationShouldAutomaticallyLocalizeKeyEquivalents:);
        if let Some(cls) = AnyClass::get(c"WinitApplicationDelegate")
            && cls.instance_method(sel).is_none()
        {
            unsafe {
                objc2::ffi::class_addMethod(
                    (cls as *const AnyClass).cast_mut(),
                    sel,
                    core::mem::transmute::<
                        unsafe extern "C-unwind" fn(*mut AnyObject, Sel, *mut AnyObject) -> Bool,
                        Imp,
                    >(should_not_localize),
                    c"B@:@".as_ptr(),
                );
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn register_window(&self, id: winit::window::WindowId, window: Rc<WinitWindowAdapter>) {
        self.active_windows.borrow_mut().insert(id, Rc::downgrade(&window));
    }

    pub fn register_inactive_window(&self, window: Rc<WinitWindowAdapter>) {
        let window = Rc::downgrade(&window);
        let mut inactive_windows = self.inactive_windows.borrow_mut();
        if !inactive_windows.iter().any(|w| Weak::ptr_eq(w, &window)) {
            inactive_windows.push(window);
        }
    }

    pub fn unregister_window(&self, id: Option<winit::window::WindowId>) {
        if let Some(id) = id {
            self.active_windows.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
        } else {
            // Use this opportunity of a Window being removed to tidy up.
            self.inactive_windows
                .borrow_mut()
                .retain(|inactive_weak_window| inactive_weak_window.strong_count() > 0)
        }
    }

    pub fn create_inactive_windows(
        &self,
        event_loop: &winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop,
    ) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
        let mut inactive_windows = self.inactive_windows.take();
        let mut result = Ok(());
        while let Some(window_weak) = inactive_windows.pop() {
            if let Some(err) = window_weak.upgrade().and_then(|w| w.ensure_window(event_loop).err())
            {
                result = Err(err);
                break;
            }
        }
        self.inactive_windows.borrow_mut().extend(inactive_windows);
        result
    }

    pub fn window_by_id(&self, id: winit::window::WindowId) -> Option<Rc<WinitWindowAdapter>> {
        self.active_windows.borrow().get(&id).and_then(|weakref| weakref.upgrade())
    }
}

type RendererFactoryFn =
    fn(&Rc<SharedBackendData>) -> Result<Box<dyn WinitCompatibleRenderer>, PlatformError>;

#[i_slint_core_macros::slint_doc]
/// This struct implements the Slint Platform trait.
/// Use this in conjunction with [`slint::platform::set_platform`](slint:rust:slint/platform/fn.set_platform.html) to initialize.
/// Slint to use winit for all windowing system interaction.
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use i_slint_backend_winit::Backend;
/// slint::platform::set_platform(Box::new(Backend::new().unwrap()));
/// ```
pub struct Backend {
    renderer_factory_fn: RendererFactoryFn,
    event_loop_state: RefCell<Option<crate::event_loop::EventLoopState>>,
    shared_data: Rc<SharedBackendData>,
    custom_application_handler: RefCell<Option<Box<dyn crate::CustomApplicationHandler>>>,

    /// This hook is called before a Window is created.
    ///
    /// It can be used to adjust settings of window that will be created
    ///
    /// See also [`BackendBuilder::with_window_attributes_hook`].
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// let mut backend = i_slint_backend_winit::Backend::new().unwrap();
    /// backend.window_attributes_hook = Some(Box::new(|attributes| attributes.with_content_protected(true)));
    /// slint::platform::set_platform(Box::new(backend));
    /// ```
    pub window_attributes_hook:
        Option<Box<dyn Fn(winit::window::WindowAttributes) -> winit::window::WindowAttributes>>,

    #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
    muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar: bool,

    #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
    spawn_event_loop: bool,
}

impl Backend {
    #[i_slint_core_macros::slint_doc]
    /// Creates a new winit backend with the default renderer that's compiled in.
    ///
    /// See the [backend documentation](slint:backends_and_renderers) for details on how to select the default renderer.
    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, PlatformError> {
        Self::builder().build()
    }

    #[i_slint_core_macros::slint_doc]
    /// Creates a new winit backend with the renderer specified by name.
    ///
    /// See the [backend documentation](slint:backends_and_renderers) for details on how to select the default renderer.
    ///
    /// If the renderer name is `None` or the name is not recognized, the default renderer is selected.
    pub fn new_with_renderer_by_name(renderer_name: Option<&str>) -> Result<Self, PlatformError> {
        let mut builder = Self::builder();
        if let Some(name) = renderer_name {
            builder = builder.with_renderer_name(name.to_string());
        }
        builder.build()
    }

    /// Creates a new BackendBuilder for configuring aspects of the Winit backend before
    /// setting it as the platform backend.
    pub fn builder() -> BackendBuilder {
        BackendBuilder {
            allow_fallback: true,
            requested_graphics_api: None,
            window_attributes_hook: None,
            renderer_name: None,
            event_loop_builder: None,
            #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
            muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar: true,
            #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
            spawn_event_loop: false,
            custom_application_handler: None,
        }
    }
}

impl i_slint_core::platform::Platform for Backend {
    fn create_window_adapter(&self) -> Result<Rc<dyn WindowAdapter>, PlatformError> {
        let mut attrs = WinitWindowAdapter::window_attributes()?;

        if let Some(hook) = &self.window_attributes_hook {
            attrs = hook(attrs);
        }

        let adapter = (self.renderer_factory_fn)(&self.shared_data).map_or_else(
            |e| {
                try_create_window_with_fallback_renderer(
                    &self.shared_data,
                    attrs.clone(),
                    &self.shared_data.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
                    #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
                    self.muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar,
                )
                .ok_or_else(|| format!("Winit backend failed to find a suitable renderer: {e}"))
            },
            |renderer| {
                Ok(WinitWindowAdapter::new(
                    self.shared_data.clone(),
                    renderer,
                    attrs.clone(),
                    #[cfg(any(enable_accesskit, muda))]
                    self.shared_data.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
                    #[cfg(all(muda, target_os = "macos"))]
                    self.muda_enable_default_menu_bar_bar,
                ))
            },
        )?;
        Ok(adapter)
    }

    fn run_event_loop(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
        let loop_state = self.event_loop_state.borrow_mut().take().unwrap_or_else(|| {
            EventLoopState::new(self.shared_data.clone(), self.custom_application_handler.take())
        });
        #[cfg(target_family = "wasm")]
        {
            if self.spawn_event_loop {
                return loop_state.spawn();
            }
        }
        // Note: fetch_add wraps around on overflow, which is what we want.
        self.shared_data.event_loop_generation.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
        let new_state = loop_state.run()?;
        *self.event_loop_state.borrow_mut() = Some(new_state);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), not(ios_and_friends)))]
    fn process_events(
        &self,
        timeout: core::time::Duration,
        _: i_slint_core::InternalToken,
    ) -> Result<core::ops::ControlFlow<()>, PlatformError> {
        let loop_state = self.event_loop_state.borrow_mut().take().unwrap_or_else(|| {
            EventLoopState::new(self.shared_data.clone(), self.custom_application_handler.take())
        });
        let (new_state, status) = loop_state.pump_events(Some(timeout))?;
        *self.event_loop_state.borrow_mut() = Some(new_state);
        match status {
            winit::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus::Continue => {
                Ok(core::ops::ControlFlow::Continue(()))
            }
            winit::platform::pump_events::PumpStatus::Exit(code) => {
                if code == 0 {
                    Ok(core::ops::ControlFlow::Break(()))
                } else {
                    Err(format!("Event loop exited with non-zero code {code}").into())
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn new_event_loop_proxy(&self) -> Option<Box<dyn EventLoopProxy>> {
        struct Proxy(winit::event_loop::EventLoopProxy<SlintEvent>, Arc<AtomicUsize>);
        impl EventLoopProxy for Proxy {
            fn quit_event_loop(&self) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
                let generation = self.1.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
                self.0
                    .send_event(SlintEvent(CustomEvent::Exit(generation)))
                    .map_err(|_| EventLoopError::EventLoopTerminated)
            }

            fn invoke_from_event_loop(
                &self,
                event: Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send>,
            ) -> Result<(), EventLoopError> {
                // Calling send_event is usually done by winit at the bottom of the stack,
                // in event handlers, and thus winit might decide to process the event
                // immediately within that stack.
                // To prevent re-entrancy issues that might happen by getting the application
                // event processed on top of the current stack, set winit in Poll mode so that
                // events are queued and process on top of a clean stack during a requested animation
                // frame a few moments later.
                // This also allows batching multiple post_event calls and redraw their state changes
                // all at once.
                #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
                self.0
                    .send_event(SlintEvent(CustomEvent::WakeEventLoopWorkaround))
                    .map_err(|_| EventLoopError::EventLoopTerminated)?;

                self.0
                    .send_event(SlintEvent(CustomEvent::UserEvent(event)))
                    .map_err(|_| EventLoopError::EventLoopTerminated)
            }
        }
        Some(Box::new(Proxy(
            self.shared_data.event_loop_proxy.clone(),
            Arc::clone(&self.shared_data.event_loop_generation),
        )))
    }

    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
    fn set_clipboard_text(&self, text: &str, clipboard: i_slint_core::platform::Clipboard) {
        crate::wasm_input_helper::set_clipboard_text(text.into(), clipboard);
    }

    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
    fn set_clipboard_text(&self, text: &str, clipboard: i_slint_core::platform::Clipboard) {
        let mut pair = self.shared_data.clipboard.borrow_mut();
        if let Some(clipboard) = clipboard::select_clipboard(&mut pair, clipboard) {
            clipboard.set_contents(text.into()).ok();
        }
    }

    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
    fn clipboard_text(&self, clipboard: i_slint_core::platform::Clipboard) -> Option<String> {
        crate::wasm_input_helper::get_clipboard_text(clipboard)
    }

    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
    fn clipboard_text(&self, clipboard: i_slint_core::platform::Clipboard) -> Option<String> {
        let mut pair = self.shared_data.clipboard.borrow_mut();
        clipboard::select_clipboard(&mut pair, clipboard).and_then(|c| c.get_contents().ok())
    }

    fn open_url(&self, url: &str) -> Result<(), i_slint_core::platform::PlatformError> {
        webbrowser::open(url).map_err(|e| {
            i_slint_core::platform::PlatformError::Other(format!("Failed to open URL: {e}"))
        })
    }
}

mod private {
    pub trait WinitWindowAccessorSealed {}
}

#[i_slint_core_macros::slint_doc]
/// This helper trait can be used to obtain access to the [`winit::window::Window`] for a given
/// [`slint::Window`](slint:rust:slint/struct.window).
///
/// Note that the association of a Slint window with a winit window relies on two factors:
///
/// - The winit backend must be in use. You can ensure this programmatically by calling [`slint::BackendSelector::backend_name()`](slint:rust:slint/struct.BackendSelector#method.backend_name)
///   with "winit" as argument.
/// - The winit window must've been created. Windowing systems, and by extension winit, require that windows can only be properly
///   created when certain conditions of the event loop are met. For example, on Android the application can't be suspended. Therefore,
///   functions like [`Self::has_winit_window()`] or [`Self::with_winit_window()`] will only succeed when the event loop is active.
///   This is typically the case when callbacks are invoked from the event loop, such as through timers, user input events, or when window
///   receives events (see also [`Self::on_winit_window_event()`]).
pub trait WinitWindowAccessor: private::WinitWindowAccessorSealed {
    /// Returns true if a [`winit::window::Window`] exists for this window. This is the case if the window is
    /// backed by this winit backend.
    fn has_winit_window(&self) -> bool;
    /// Invokes the specified callback with a reference to the [`winit::window::Window`] that exists for this Slint window
    /// and returns `Some(T)`; otherwise `None`.
    fn with_winit_window<T>(&self, callback: impl FnOnce(&winit::window::Window) -> T)
    -> Option<T>;
    /// Registers a window event filter callback for this Slint window.
    ///
    /// The callback is invoked in the winit event loop whenever a window event is received with a reference to the
    /// [`slint::Window`](i_slint_core::api::Window) and the [`winit::event::WindowEvent`]. The return value of the
    /// callback specifies whether Slint should handle this event.
    ///
    /// If this window [is not backed by winit](WinitWindowAccessor::has_winit_window), this function is a no-op.
    fn on_winit_window_event(
        &self,
        callback: impl FnMut(&i_slint_core::api::Window, &winit::event::WindowEvent) -> EventResult
        + 'static,
    );

    /// Returns a future that resolves to the [`winit::window::Window`] for this Slint window.
    /// When the future is ready, the output it resolves to is either `Ok(Arc<winit::window::Window>)` if the window exists,
    /// or an error if the window has been deleted in the meanwhile or isn't backed by the winit backend.
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// // Bring winit and accessor traits into scope.
    /// use slint::winit_030::{WinitWindowAccessor, winit};
    ///
    /// slint::slint!{
    ///     import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
    ///     export component HelloWorld inherits Window {
    ///         callback clicked;
    ///         VerticalBox {
    ///             Text {
    ///                 text: "hello world";
    ///                 color: green;
    ///             }
    ///             Button {
    ///                 text: "Click me";
    ///                 clicked => { root.clicked(); }
    ///             }
    ///         }
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    ///     // Make sure the winit backed is selected:
    ///    slint::BackendSelector::new()
    ///        .backend_name("winit".into())
    ///        .select()?;
    ///
    ///     let app = HelloWorld::new()?;
    ///     let app_weak = app.as_weak();
    ///
    ///     slint::spawn_local(async move {
    ///         let app = app_weak.unwrap();
    ///         let winit_window = app.window().winit_window().await.unwrap();
    ///         eprintln!("window id = {:#?}", winit_window.id());
    ///     }).unwrap();
    ///     app.run()?;
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    fn winit_window(
        &self,
    ) -> impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<Arc<winit::window::Window>, PlatformError>>;
}

impl WinitWindowAccessor for i_slint_core::api::Window {
    fn has_winit_window(&self) -> bool {
        i_slint_core::window::WindowInner::from_pub(self)
            .window_adapter()
            .internal(i_slint_core::InternalToken)
            .and_then(|wa| (wa as &dyn core::any::Any).downcast_ref::<WinitWindowAdapter>())
            .is_some_and(|adapter| adapter.winit_window().is_some())
    }

    fn with_winit_window<T>(
        &self,
        callback: impl FnOnce(&winit::window::Window) -> T,
    ) -> Option<T> {
        i_slint_core::window::WindowInner::from_pub(self)
            .window_adapter()
            .internal(i_slint_core::InternalToken)
            .and_then(|wa| (wa as &dyn core::any::Any).downcast_ref::<WinitWindowAdapter>())
            .and_then(|adapter| adapter.winit_window().map(|w| callback(&w)))
    }

    fn winit_window(
        &self,
    ) -> impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<Arc<winit::window::Window>, PlatformError>> {
        Box::pin(async move {
            let adapter_weak = i_slint_core::window::WindowInner::from_pub(self)
                .window_adapter()
                .internal(i_slint_core::InternalToken)
                .and_then(|wa| (wa as &dyn core::any::Any).downcast_ref::<WinitWindowAdapter>())
                .map(|wa| wa.self_weak.clone())
                .ok_or_else(|| {
                    PlatformError::OtherError(
                        "Slint window is not backed by a Winit window adapter".to_string().into(),
                    )
                })?;
            WinitWindowAdapter::async_winit_window(adapter_weak).await
        })
    }

    fn on_winit_window_event(
        &self,
        mut callback: impl FnMut(&i_slint_core::api::Window, &winit::event::WindowEvent) -> EventResult
        + 'static,
    ) {
        if let Some(adapter) = i_slint_core::window::WindowInner::from_pub(self)
            .window_adapter()
            .internal(i_slint_core::InternalToken)
            .and_then(|wa| (wa as &dyn core::any::Any).downcast_ref::<WinitWindowAdapter>())
        {
            adapter
                .window_event_filter
                .set(Some(Box::new(move |window, event| callback(window, event))));
        }
    }
}

impl private::WinitWindowAccessorSealed for i_slint_core::api::Window {}

#[cfg(test)]
mod testui {
    slint::slint! {
        export component App inherits Window {
            Text { text: "Ok"; }
        }
    }
}

// Sorry, can't test with rust test harness and multiple threads.
#[cfg(not(any(target_arch = "wasm32", target_vendor = "apple")))]
#[test]
fn test_window_accessor_and_rwh() {
    slint::platform::set_platform(Box::new(crate::Backend::new().unwrap())).unwrap();

    use testui::*;

    slint::spawn_local(async move {
        let app = App::new().unwrap();
        let slint_window = app.window();

        assert!(!slint_window.has_winit_window());

        // Show() won't immediately create the window, the event loop will have to
        // spin first.
        app.show().unwrap();

        let result = slint_window.winit_window().await;
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "Failed to get winit window: {:?}", result.err());
        assert!(slint_window.has_winit_window());
        let handle = slint_window.window_handle();
        use raw_window_handle::{HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle};
        assert!(handle.window_handle().is_ok());
        assert!(handle.display_handle().is_ok());
        slint::quit_event_loop().unwrap();
    })
    .unwrap();

    slint::run_event_loop().unwrap();
}