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#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/high_mem_utils/0.2.1/")] #![feature(vec_leak, untagged_unions, const_fn)] #![allow(unused_unsafe)] /*! This crate provides high-level memory abstractions used for ensure memory and exception safety in some patterns. High-level signifies that it only brings safe abstractions for some cases of transmute and others unsafe functions in the mem or ptr module,does not provide a custom allocator or garbage collector neither depends on the [core::alloc] unstable lib. At the moment this crate is nightly only,this will change if the features [`vec_leak`], [`const_fn`] and [`untagged_unions`] get stabilished. # Examples ``` use high_mem_utils::{CatchStr, DontDrop, DropBy}; let mut string = String::from("Hello world!"); let catch = CatchStr::new(string.clone()); assert_eq!(catch.leaked().to_string(), string); // leaked returns &&mut str,not use to_string // it's a bit difficult cast rigth now assert_eq!(catch.seal(), string); // catch consumed let mut a = [1, 2, 3]; { let elem = DropBy::new([2, 3, 4], |e: [u32; 3]| { a = e.clone(); }); assert_eq!(*elem, Some([2, 3, 4])); } assert_eq!(a, [2, 3, 4]); unsafe { let b = DontDrop([1, 2, 3]); // we're not dropping here because we will have two variables // pointing to the same memory and "b" lives for shorter a = [0; 3]; b.as_ptr().copy_to(a.as_mut_ptr(), 3); } assert_eq!(a, [1, 2, 3]); ``` [`vec_leak`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/62195 [`untagged_unions`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32836 [`const_fn`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/57563 [core::alloc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/index.html */ use std::mem::{take, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit, forget}; use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut}; use std::collections::BTreeMap; /// This macro panics with the given message with debug_assertions on or call (unreachable_unchecked)[https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/hint/fn.unreachable_unchecked.html] when off. /// /// # Safety /// /// You should use this macro for code that must not reach.but all the cases where can are not handled and /// will be handled on release or otherwise the responsability of do it passed to another caller,via unsafe /// interfaces. #[macro_export] macro_rules! unreachable_debug { () => { unreachable!("entered unreachable code") }; ($e:expr) => { if cfg!(not(debug_assertions)) { unsafe { std::hint::unreachable_unchecked() }; } else { panic!($e); } } } /// An union type that can be leaked or sealed(owned),useful when you want to give temporal global access to a particular value. pub union Catch<'a, T> { leaked: &'a mut T, sealed: ManuallyDrop<Box<T>>, } impl<'a, T> Catch<'a, T> { /// Creates a new Catch with a leak, you can lately get the underlying value and consume the Catch /// with the [`seal`](#method.seal) method. pub fn new(a: Box<T>) -> Self { Catch { leaked: Box::leak(a), } } /// Returns a a reference to the leaked field,'cause the only ways for construct this union returns /// a leaked one,for warranty never transmute stack to heap data,this method does not use transmute /// implicitly. pub fn leaked(&self) -> &&'a mut T { unsafe { &self.leaked } } /// Consumes the Catch and gets the inner Box\<T\>,preventing the memory leak. /// /// This does a call to transmute but,as the only ways to construct this union gives you a leaked one /// this never trigger undefined behavior by itself. pub fn seal(self) -> Box<T> { unsafe { ManuallyDrop::into_inner(self.sealed) } } /// Consumes the Catch and returns a mutable reference pointing to leaked data. pub fn leak(self) -> &'a mut T { unsafe { self.leaked } } /// Creates a new Catch from a mutable reference to T,without checking if T is in the heap. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function should only be used with data returned by leak from a safely construct Catch or with /// data returned by Box::leak otherwise will trigger undefined behavior if seal is called. pub unsafe fn from_leaked(leaked: &'a mut T) -> Self { Catch { leaked } } } // impl<'a, T> Drop for Catch<'a, T> { // fn drop(&mut self) { // unsafe { ManuallyDrop::drop(&mut self.sealed) }; // } // } /// An union slice that can be leaked or sealed(owned),useful when you want to give temporal global access /// to a particular sequence. pub union CatchSeq<'a, T> { leaked: &'a mut [T], sealed: ManuallyDrop<Box<[T]>>, } impl<'a, T> CatchSeq<'a, T> { /// Creates a new CatchSeq with a leak, you can lately get the underlying sequence and consume the CatchSeq /// with the [`seal`](#method.seal) method. pub fn new(a: Vec<T>) -> Self { CatchSeq { leaked: Vec::leak(a), } } /// Returns a a reference to the leaked field,as the only safe ways for construct this union returns a leaked /// one,for warranty never transmute stack to heap data,this method does not use transmute implicitly. pub fn leaked(&self) -> &&'a mut [T] { unsafe { &self.leaked } } /// Consumes the Catch and gets the inner Vec<T>, preventing the memory leak. /// /// This does a call to transmute but,as the only safe ways for construct this union returns a leaked /// one,this never trigger undefined behavior by itself. pub fn seal(self) -> Vec<T> { unsafe { ManuallyDrop::into_inner(self.sealed).into_vec() } } /// Consumes the CatchSeq and returns a mutable reference pointing to leaked data. pub fn leak(self) -> &'a mut [T] { unsafe { self.leaked } } /// Creates a new CatchSeq from a `&mut [T]`,without checking if the referent is in the heap. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function should only be used with data returned by leak from a safely constructed CatchSeq or /// with data returned by Vec::leak otherwise this will trigger undefined behavior if[`seal`](#method.seal) /// is called. pub unsafe fn from_leaked(leaked: &'a mut [T]) -> Self { CatchSeq { leaked } } } /// An union string that can be leaked or sealed(owned),useful when you want to give temporal global access /// to a particular string. pub union CatchStr<'a> { leaked: &'a mut str, sealed: ManuallyDrop<Box<str>>, } impl<'a> CatchStr<'a> { /// Creates a new CatchStr with a leak, you can lately get the underlying string and consume the CatchStr /// with the [`seal`](#method.seal) method. pub fn new(a: String) -> Self { CatchStr { leaked: Box::leak(a.into_boxed_str()), } } /// Returns a a reference to the leaked field,as the only safe ways for construct this union returns a leaked /// one,for warranty never transmute stack to heap data,this method does not use transmute implicitly. pub fn leaked(&self) -> &&'a mut str { unsafe { &self.leaked } } /// Consumes the Catch and gets the inner String, preventing the memory leak. /// /// This does a call to transmute but,as the only safe ways for construct this union return a leaked /// one,this never trigger undefined behavior by itself. pub fn seal(self) -> String { unsafe { ManuallyDrop::into_inner(self.sealed).into_string() } } /// Consumes the CatchStr and returns a mutable reference pointing to leaked data. pub fn leak(self) -> &'a mut str { unsafe { self.leaked } } /// Creates a new CatchStr from a `&mut str`,without checking if the referent is in the heap. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function should only be used with data returned by leak from a safely constructed CatchStr or /// with data returned by `Box::leak(s.into_boxed_str())` otherwise this will trigger undefined behavior /// if [`seal`](#method.seal) is called. pub unsafe fn from_leaked(leaked: &'a mut str) -> Self { CatchStr { leaked } } } /// A wrapper for an implementation of drop that [`mem::take`] the value and [`mem::forget`]s it. /// /// This might be useful if you want assuring that a particular destructor not run if it can lead to /// a double-free or another memory issue. /// /// This type is particularly not recomended for reference types because as such they can never be null /// and the value is still dropped. Neither on types with a costly initialization because it replaces the /// forgotten value with the `Default` one,these values should not implement it anyways. /// /// This type has the same implications that forget except for the fact that this ensures that the value /// is never dropped even on panic,unless you abort.In general [`DontDropOpt`](./struct.DontDropOpt.html) is preferred. /// /// It derefs to T. /// /// [`mem::take`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/mem/fn.take.html #[repr(transparent)] pub struct DontDrop<T: Default>(pub T); impl<T: Default> DontDrop<T> { /// Returns the field,allowing it to be dropped again. pub fn into_inner(&mut self) -> T { take(&mut self.0) } } impl<T: Default> Deref for DontDrop<T> { type Target = T; fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 } } impl<T: Default> DerefMut for DontDrop<T> { fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { &mut self.0 } } impl<T: Default> Drop for DontDrop<T> { fn drop(&mut self) { forget(take(&mut self.0)); } } /// A wrapper for an implementation of drop that [`mem::forget`] the previous value and replace it with None. /// /// This might be useful if you want assuring that a particular destructor not run if it can lead to /// a double-free or another memory issue. /// /// This type is particularly not recomended for reference types because as such they can never be null /// and the value is still dropped. /// /// This type has the same implications that [`mem::forget`] except for the fact that this ensures that the /// value is never dropped even on panic,unless you abort. /// /// It derefs to Option<T>. #[repr(transparent)] pub struct DontDropOpt<T>(Option<T>); impl<T> DontDropOpt<T> { /// Construct a new `DontDropOpt` from a value,this has no effect if the value is a reference. pub fn new(a: T) -> Self { DontDropOpt(Some(a)) } /// Returns the value,allowing it to be dropped again. pub fn into_inner(&mut self) -> Option<T> { self.0.take() } /// Unwraps the Option<T>,allowing it to be dropped again. /// /// # Safety /// /// This will panic if the type contained is None with debug_assertions enabled,otherwise triggers UB. pub unsafe fn into_inner_unchecked(&mut self) -> T { self.0.take().unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable_debug!("Called into_inner_unchecked with None value on DontDropOpt in debug.")) } } impl<T> Drop for DontDropOpt<T> { fn drop(&mut self) { forget(&mut self.0.take()); } } impl<T> Deref for DontDropOpt<T> { type Target = Option<T>; fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.0 } } impl<T> DerefMut for DontDropOpt<T> { fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { &mut self.0 } } /// A wrapper that calls the given closure at Drop. Useful when you have a conditional assign of one /// that,once assigned,you want to warranty a call to it with the given T,and then drop it. /// /// Currently this type has a value field of an `Option<T>`,because the closure needs to take ownership /// doing use of the [take](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html#method.take) method on /// `Option`.In case of `None` because there's no meaningful value for,drop returns at that point. /// /// It derefs to Option<T>. pub struct DropBy<T, F: FnMut(T)> { pub value: Option<T>, pub clos: F } impl<T, F: FnMut(T)> DropBy<T, F> { pub const fn new(value: T, clos: F) -> Self { let value = Some(value); DropBy { value, clos } } /// Takes the value,disabling any code in the closure. pub fn into_inner(&mut self) -> Option<T> { self.value.take() } /// Takes and unwraps the value,disabling any code in the closure. /// /// # Safety /// /// This will panic if the type contained is None with debug_assertions enabled,otherwise triggers UB. pub unsafe fn into_inner_unchecked(&mut self) -> T { self.value.take().unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable_debug!("Called into_inner_unchecked with None value on DropBy in debug.")) } } impl<T, F: FnMut(T)> Deref for DropBy<T, F> { type Target = Option<T>; fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.value } } impl<T, F: FnMut(T)> DerefMut for DropBy<T, F> { fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { &mut self.value } } impl<T, F: FnMut(T)> Drop for DropBy<T, F> { fn drop(&mut self) { let value = match self.value.take() { Some(a) => a, _ => return, }; (self.clos)(value); } } /// An enum that can be all sorts of Catch's over T,useful when you do not known if you gonna have a Box,Vec or String and you want to /// grant static temporal access to any of them safely. pub enum CatchT<'a, T> { Catch(Catch<'a, T>), CatchSeq(CatchSeq<'a, T>), CatchStr(CatchStr<'a>), } /// A lazy-iniatialiazed cache for a Fn closure with a constant constructor. pub struct LazyCache<P: Ord, V: Clone, C: Fn(P) -> V> { cache: MaybeUninit<BTreeMap<P, V>>, pub closure: C, init: bool } impl<P: Ord + Clone, V: Clone, C: Fn(P) -> V> LazyCache<P, V, C> { /// Construct a cache for a closure that is initialized in the first call to [call_cache](#method.call_cache). /// /// This is particularly useful for fn pointers of recurrently used functions because it can be used /// on statics,althought you need make them mutable for actually call [call_cache](#method.call_cache). pub const fn new(closure: C) -> Self { Self {cache: MaybeUninit::uninit(), closure, init: false} } fn init(&mut self) { unsafe { self.cache.as_mut_ptr().write(BTreeMap::new()); self.init = true; } } /// calls the inner closure with the givem arg after init the cache if it did not before. /// /// # Panics /// /// If the given closure panic the variable reading them from the MaybeUninit is guranteed to not /// drop and the Drop impl will do the job. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use high_mem_utils::LazyCache; /// /// fn foo(num: u32) -> u32 { /// num /// } /// /// let mut cache = LazyCache::new(foo); /// /// assert_eq!(cache.call_cache(2), 2); /// assert_eq!(cache.call_cache(2), 2); /// assert_eq!(cache.call_cache(4), 4); /// ``` pub fn call_cache(&mut self, arg: P) -> V { if !self.init { self.init(); } let mut cache = unsafe { DontDropOpt::new(self.cache.as_ptr().read()) }; let value = if (cache.as_ref().unwrap()).contains_key(&arg) { (cache.as_ref().unwrap().get(&arg).unwrap()).clone() } else { let temp = (self.closure)(arg.clone()); cache.as_mut().unwrap().insert(arg, temp.clone()); temp }; self.cache = MaybeUninit::uninit(); unsafe { self.cache.as_mut_ptr().write(cache.into_inner_unchecked()); } value } /// This method removes an argument from the cache and returns the value or None if there's no one /// or the cache is uninitialized. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use high_mem_utils::LazyCache; /// /// fn foo(num: u32) -> u32 { /// num /// } /// /// let mut cache = LazyCache::new(foo); /// /// assert_eq!(cache.call_cache(2), 2); /// assert_eq!(cache.pop(&2), Some(2)); /// assert_eq!(cache.pop(&2), None); /// ``` pub fn pop(&mut self, arg: &P) -> Option<V> { let rem; if !self.init { return None; } let mut cache = unsafe { DontDropOpt::new(self.cache.as_ptr().read()) }; if cache.as_ref().unwrap().contains_key(arg) { rem = Some(cache.as_ref().unwrap().get(arg).unwrap().clone()); cache.as_mut().unwrap().remove(arg); } else { rem = None; } self.cache = MaybeUninit::uninit(); unsafe { self.cache.as_mut_ptr().write(cache.into_inner_unchecked()); } rem } /// Clears the cache,removing all their values.This is no-op if the cache is not initialized. pub fn clear(&mut self) { if !self.init { return (); } let mut cache = unsafe { DontDropOpt::new(self.cache.as_ptr().read()) }; cache.as_mut().unwrap().clear(); self.cache = MaybeUninit::uninit(); unsafe { self.cache.as_mut_ptr().write(cache.into_inner_unchecked()); } } /// Returns true if the cache is initialized,not neccesarily filled with an argument. Use ![is_empty](#method.is_empty) /// for that purporse. pub fn is_init(&self) -> bool { self.init } /// Returns true if the cache has no arguments or if it's not initialized. pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { if self.init { let read = unsafe { DontDropOpt::new(self.cache.as_ptr().read()) }; read.as_ref().unwrap().is_empty() } else { true } } } impl<P: Ord, V: Clone, C: Fn(P) -> V> Drop for LazyCache<P, V, C> { fn drop(&mut self) { if self.init { // this checks if the cache field is init // assume_init takes an consumes the union so because we only need drop the data // and in this point we known it's impossible for the value to be used in another site // this is safe. let _thrash = unsafe { self.cache.as_ptr().read() }; } } }