hickory_server/store/in_memory/

mod.rs

// Copyright 2015-2019 Benjamin Fry <benjaminfry@me.com>
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, <LICENSE-APACHE or
// https://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or
// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. This file may not be
// copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

//! Zone handler with in-memory authoritative data storage

use std::{
    collections::BTreeMap,
    fs,
    marker::PhantomData,
    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
    path::Path,
    sync::Arc,
};

#[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
use crate::{
    dnssec::NxProofKind,
    net::runtime::Time,
    proto::dnssec::{
        DnsSecResult, DnssecSigner,
        rdata::{DNSKEY, DNSSECRData},
    },
    zone_handler::{DnssecZoneHandler, Nsec3QueryInfo},
};
use crate::{
    net::runtime::{RuntimeProvider, TokioRuntimeProvider},
    proto::{
        op::ResponseCode,
        rr::{DNSClass, LowerName, Name, RData, Record, RecordSet, RecordType, RrKey},
        serialize::txt::Parser,
    },
    server::{Request, RequestInfo},
    zone_handler::{
        AuthLookup, AxfrPolicy, AxfrRecords, LookupControlFlow, LookupError, LookupOptions,
        LookupRecords, ZoneHandler, ZoneTransfer, ZoneType,
    },
};
use hickory_proto::rr::TSigResponseContext;
#[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
use time::OffsetDateTime;
use tokio::sync::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
#[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
use tracing::warn;
use tracing::{debug, info};

mod inner;
use inner::InnerInMemory;

/// InMemoryZoneHandler is responsible for storing the resource records for a particular zone.
///
/// Zone handlers default to DNSClass IN. The ZoneType specifies if this should be treated as the
/// start of authority for the zone, is a Secondary, or a cached zone.
pub struct InMemoryZoneHandler<P = TokioRuntimeProvider> {
    origin: LowerName,
    class: DNSClass,
    zone_type: ZoneType,
    axfr_policy: AxfrPolicy,
    inner: RwLock<InnerInMemory>,
    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    nx_proof_kind: Option<NxProofKind>,
    _phantom: PhantomData<P>,
}

impl<P: RuntimeProvider + Send + Sync> InMemoryZoneHandler<P> {
    /// Creates a new ZoneHandler.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `origin` - The zone `Name` being created, this should match that of the `RecordType::SOA`
    ///   record.
    /// * `records` - The map of the initial set of records in the zone.
    /// * `zone_type` - The type of zone, i.e. is this authoritative?
    /// * `axfr_policy` - A policy for determining if AXFR is allowed.
    /// * `nx_proof_kind` - The kind of non-existence proof to be used by the server.
    ///
    /// # Return value
    ///
    /// The new `ZoneHandler`.
    pub fn new(
        origin: Name,
        records: BTreeMap<RrKey, RecordSet>,
        zone_type: ZoneType,
        axfr_policy: AxfrPolicy,
        #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")] nx_proof_kind: Option<NxProofKind>,
    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
        let mut this = Self::empty(
            origin.clone(),
            zone_type,
            axfr_policy,
            #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
            nx_proof_kind,
        );
        let inner = this.inner.get_mut();

        // SOA must be present
        let soa = records
            .get(&RrKey::new(origin.clone().into(), RecordType::SOA))
            .and_then(|rrset| match &rrset.records_without_rrsigs().next()?.data {
                RData::SOA(soa) => Some(soa),
                _ => None,
            })
            .ok_or_else(|| format!("SOA record must be present: {origin}"))?;
        let serial = soa.serial;

        let iter = records.into_values();

        // add soa to the records
        for rrset in iter {
            let name = rrset.name().clone();
            let rr_type = rrset.record_type();

            for record in rrset.records_without_rrsigs() {
                if !inner.upsert(record.clone(), serial, this.class) {
                    return Err(format!(
                        "Failed to insert {name} {rr_type} to zone: {origin}"
                    ));
                };
            }
        }

        Ok(this)
    }

    /// Creates an empty ZoneHandler
    ///
    /// # Warning
    ///
    /// This is an invalid zone, SOA must be added
    pub fn empty(
        origin: Name,
        zone_type: ZoneType,
        axfr_policy: AxfrPolicy,
        #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")] nx_proof_kind: Option<NxProofKind>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            origin: LowerName::new(&origin),
            class: DNSClass::IN,
            zone_type,
            axfr_policy,
            inner: RwLock::new(InnerInMemory::default()),

            #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
            nx_proof_kind,

            _phantom: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// The DNSClass of this zone
    pub fn class(&self) -> DNSClass {
        self.class
    }

    /// Set the AXFR policy for testing purposes
    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
    pub fn set_axfr_policy(&mut self, policy: AxfrPolicy) {
        self.axfr_policy = policy;
    }

    /// Clears all records (including SOA, etc)
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.inner.get_mut().records.clear()
    }

    /// Retrieve the Signer, which contains the private keys, for this zone
    #[cfg(all(feature = "__dnssec", feature = "testing"))]
    pub async fn secure_keys(&self) -> impl Deref<Target = [DnssecSigner]> + '_ {
        RwLockWriteGuard::map(self.inner.write().await, |i| i.secure_keys.as_mut_slice())
    }

    /// Get all the records
    pub async fn records(&self) -> impl Deref<Target = BTreeMap<RrKey, Arc<RecordSet>>> + '_ {
        RwLockReadGuard::map(self.inner.read().await, |i| &i.records)
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the records
    pub async fn records_mut(
        &self,
    ) -> impl DerefMut<Target = BTreeMap<RrKey, Arc<RecordSet>>> + '_ {
        RwLockWriteGuard::map(self.inner.write().await, |i| &mut i.records)
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the records
    pub fn records_get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BTreeMap<RrKey, Arc<RecordSet>> {
        &mut self.inner.get_mut().records
    }

    /// Returns the minimum ttl (as used in the SOA record)
    pub async fn minimum_ttl(&self) -> u32 {
        self.inner.read().await.minimum_ttl(self.origin())
    }

    /// get the current serial number for the zone.
    pub async fn serial(&self) -> u32 {
        self.inner.read().await.serial(self.origin())
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "sqlite")]
    pub(crate) async fn increment_soa_serial(&self) -> u32 {
        self.inner
            .write()
            .await
            .increment_soa_serial(self.origin(), self.class)
    }

    /// Inserts or updates a `Record` depending on its existence in the zone.
    ///
    /// Guarantees that SOA, CNAME only has one record, will implicitly update if they already exist.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `record` - The `Record` to be inserted or updated.
    /// * `serial` - Current serial number to be recorded against updates.
    ///
    /// # Return value
    ///
    /// true if the value was inserted, false otherwise
    pub async fn upsert(&self, record: Record, serial: u32) -> bool {
        self.inner.write().await.upsert(record, serial, self.class)
    }

    /// Non-async version of upsert when behind a mutable reference.
    pub fn upsert_mut(&mut self, record: Record, serial: u32) -> bool {
        self.inner.get_mut().upsert(record, serial, self.class)
    }

    /// By adding a secure key, this will implicitly enable dnssec for the zone.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `signer` - Signer with associated private key
    /// * `origin` - The origin `LowerName` for the signer record
    /// * `dns_class` - The `DNSClass` for the signer record
    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    fn inner_add_zone_signing_key(
        inner: &mut InnerInMemory,
        signer: DnssecSigner,
        origin: &LowerName,
        dns_class: DNSClass,
    ) -> DnsSecResult<()> {
        // also add the key to the zone
        let zone_ttl = inner.minimum_ttl(origin);
        let dnskey = DNSKEY::from_key(&signer.key().to_public_key()?);
        let dnskey = Record::from_rdata(
            origin.clone().into(),
            zone_ttl,
            RData::DNSSEC(DNSSECRData::DNSKEY(dnskey)),
        );

        // TODO: also generate the CDS and CDNSKEY
        let serial = inner.serial(origin);
        inner.upsert(dnskey, serial, dns_class);
        inner.secure_keys.push(signer);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Non-async method of add_zone_signing_key when behind a mutable reference
    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    pub fn add_zone_signing_key_mut(&mut self, signer: DnssecSigner) -> DnsSecResult<()> {
        let Self {
            origin,
            inner,
            class,
            ..
        } = self;

        Self::inner_add_zone_signing_key(inner.get_mut(), signer, origin, *class)
    }

    /// (Re)generates the nsec records, increments the serial number and signs the zone
    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    pub fn secure_zone_mut(&mut self) -> DnsSecResult<()> {
        let Self { origin, inner, .. } = self;
        inner.get_mut().secure_zone_mut(
            origin,
            self.class,
            self.nx_proof_kind.as_ref(),
            Self::current_time()?,
        )
    }

    /// (Re)generates the nsec records, increments the serial number and signs the zone
    #[cfg(not(feature = "__dnssec"))]
    pub fn secure_zone_mut(&mut self) -> Result<(), &str> {
        Err("DNSSEC was not enabled during compilation.")
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    fn current_time() -> DnsSecResult<OffsetDateTime> {
        let timestamp_unsigned = P::Timer::current_time();
        let timestamp_signed = timestamp_unsigned
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| "current time is out of range")?;
        OffsetDateTime::from_unix_timestamp(timestamp_signed)
            .map_err(|_| "current time is out of range".into())
    }
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl<P: RuntimeProvider + Send + Sync> ZoneHandler for InMemoryZoneHandler<P> {
    /// What type is this zone
    fn zone_type(&self) -> ZoneType {
        self.zone_type
    }

    /// Return the policy for determining if AXFR requests are allowed
    fn axfr_policy(&self) -> AxfrPolicy {
        self.axfr_policy
    }

    /// Get the origin of this zone, i.e. example.com is the origin for www.example.com
    fn origin(&self) -> &LowerName {
        &self.origin
    }

    /// Looks up all Resource Records matching the given `Name` and `RecordType`.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `name` - The name to look up.
    /// * `query_type` - The `RecordType` to look up. `RecordType::ANY` will return all records
    ///                  matching `name`. `RecordType::AXFR` will return all record types except
    ///                  `RecordType::SOA` due to the requirements that on zone transfers the
    ///                  `RecordType::SOA` must both precede and follow all other records.
    /// * `lookup_options` - Query-related lookup options (e.g., DNSSEC DO bit, supported hash
    ///                      algorithms, etc.)
    ///
    /// # Return value
    ///
    /// A LookupControlFlow containing the lookup that should be returned to the client.
    async fn lookup(
        &self,
        name: &LowerName,
        mut query_type: RecordType,
        _request_info: Option<&RequestInfo<'_>>,
        lookup_options: LookupOptions,
    ) -> LookupControlFlow<AuthLookup> {
        let inner = self.inner.read().await;

        if query_type == RecordType::AXFR {
            return Break(Err(LookupError::NetError(
                "AXFR must be handled with ZoneHandler::zone_transfer()".into(),
            )));
        }

        if query_type == RecordType::ANY {
            query_type = inner.replace_any(name);
        }

        let answer = inner.inner_lookup(name, query_type, lookup_options);

        // CNAME chasing: when the answer is a CNAME and the query was for a
        // different type, restart the lookup at the canonical name and collect
        // the full chain into the ANSWER section (RFC 1034 §3.6.2).
        let (answer, cname_chain) = match answer {
            Some(a) if a.record_type() == RecordType::CNAME && query_type != RecordType::CNAME => {
                let chain = inner.chase_cnames(name, a, query_type, lookup_options);
                // The terminal record drives additional section processing.
                // If the chain ends in a non-CNAME record, use it; otherwise
                // there is no terminal record to process.
                let terminal = chain
                    .last()
                    .filter(|rr| rr.record_type() != RecordType::CNAME)
                    .cloned();
                (terminal, Some(chain))
            }
            _ => (answer, None),
        };

        // Evaluate additional section records for the answer (ANAME, MX,
        // SRV, NS).  For CNAME-chased queries this processes the terminal
        // record; for direct answers it processes the original answer.
        let additionals_root_chain_type: Option<(_, _)> = answer
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|a| maybe_next_name(a, query_type))
            .and_then(|(search_name, search_type)| {
                inner
                    .additional_search(name, query_type, search_name, search_type, lookup_options)
                    .map(|adds| (adds, search_type))
            });

        // if the chain started with an ANAME, take the A or AAAA record from the list
        let (additionals, answer) = match (additionals_root_chain_type, answer, query_type) {
            (Some((additionals, RecordType::ANAME)), Some(answer), RecordType::A)
            | (Some((additionals, RecordType::ANAME)), Some(answer), RecordType::AAAA) => {
                // This should always be true...
                debug_assert_eq!(answer.record_type(), RecordType::ANAME);

                // in the case of ANAME the final record should be the A or AAAA record
                let (rdatas, a_aaaa_ttl) = {
                    let last_record = additionals.last();
                    let a_aaaa_ttl = last_record.map_or(u32::MAX, |r| r.ttl());

                    // grap the rdatas
                    let rdatas: Option<Vec<RData>> = last_record
                        .and_then(|record| match record.record_type() {
                            RecordType::A | RecordType::AAAA => {
                                // the RRSIGS will be useless since we're changing the record type
                                Some(record.records_without_rrsigs())
                            }
                            _ => None,
                        })
                        .map(|records| records.map(|r| &r.data).cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>());

                    (rdatas, a_aaaa_ttl)
                };

                // now build up a new RecordSet
                //   the name comes from the ANAME record
                //   according to the rfc the ttl is from the ANAME
                //   TODO: technically we should take the min of the potential CNAME chain
                let ttl = answer.ttl().min(a_aaaa_ttl);
                let mut new_answer = RecordSet::new(answer.name().clone(), query_type, ttl);

                for rdata in rdatas.into_iter().flatten() {
                    new_answer.add_rdata(rdata);
                }

                // if DNSSEC is enabled, and the request had the DO set, sign the recordset
                #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
                // ANAME's are constructed on demand, so need to be signed before return
                if lookup_options.dnssec_ok {
                    let result = Self::current_time().and_then(|time| {
                        InnerInMemory::sign_rrset(
                            &mut new_answer,
                            &inner.secure_keys,
                            self.class(),
                            time,
                        )
                    });
                    if let Err(error) = result {
                        // rather than failing the request, we'll just warn
                        warn!(%error, "failed to sign ANAME record")
                    }
                }

                // prepend answer to additionals here (answer is the ANAME record)
                let additionals = std::iter::once(answer).chain(additionals).collect();

                // return the new answer
                //   because the searched set was an Arc, we need to arc too
                (Some(additionals), Some(Arc::new(new_answer)))
            }
            (Some((additionals, _)), answer, _) => (Some(additionals), answer),
            (None, answer, _) => (None, answer),
        };

        // This is annoying. The 1035 spec literally specifies that most DNS authorities would want to store
        //   records in a list except when there are a lot of records. But this makes indexed lookups by name+type
        //   always return empty sets. This is only important in the negative case, where other DNS authorities
        //   generally return NoError and no results when other types exist at the same name. bah.
        // TODO: can we get rid of this?
        use LookupControlFlow::*;
        let answers = match (cname_chain, answer) {
            // CNAME chase produced a chain — use it as the answer.
            (Some(chain), _) => LookupRecords::many(lookup_options, chain),
            (None, Some(rr_set)) => LookupRecords::new(lookup_options, rr_set),
            (None, None) => {
                return Continue(Err(
                    if inner
                        .records
                        .keys()
                        .any(|key| key.name() == name || name.zone_of(key.name()))
                    {
                        LookupError::NameExists
                    } else {
                        LookupError::from(match self.origin().zone_of(name) {
                            true => ResponseCode::NXDomain,
                            false => ResponseCode::Refused,
                        })
                    },
                ));
            }
        };

        Continue(Ok(AuthLookup::answers(
            answers,
            additionals.map(|a| LookupRecords::many(lookup_options, a)),
        )))
    }

    async fn search(
        &self,
        request: &Request,
        lookup_options: LookupOptions,
    ) -> (LookupControlFlow<AuthLookup>, Option<TSigResponseContext>) {
        let request_info = match request.request_info() {
            Ok(info) => info,
            Err(e) => return (LookupControlFlow::Break(Err(e)), None),
        };
        debug!("searching InMemoryZoneHandler for: {}", request_info.query);

        let lookup_name = request_info.query.name();
        let record_type: RecordType = request_info.query.query_type();

        // perform the actual lookup
        match record_type {
            RecordType::AXFR => (
                LookupControlFlow::Break(Err(LookupError::NetError(
                    "AXFR must be handled with ZoneHandler::zone_transfer()".into(),
                ))),
                None,
            ),
            // A standard Lookup path
            _ => (
                self.lookup(
                    lookup_name,
                    record_type,
                    Some(&request_info),
                    lookup_options,
                )
                .await,
                None,
            ),
        }
    }

    async fn zone_transfer(
        &self,
        request: &Request,
        lookup_options: LookupOptions,
        _now: u64,
    ) -> Option<(
        Result<ZoneTransfer, LookupError>,
        Option<TSigResponseContext>,
    )> {
        let request_info = match request.request_info() {
            Ok(info) => info,
            Err(e) => return Some((Err(e), None)),
        };

        if request_info.query.query_type() == RecordType::AXFR {
            // TODO: support more advanced AXFR options
            if !matches!(self.axfr_policy, AxfrPolicy::AllowAll) {
                return Some((Err(LookupError::from(ResponseCode::Refused)), None));
            }
        }

        let future = self.lookup(self.origin(), RecordType::SOA, None, lookup_options);
        let start_soa = if let LookupControlFlow::Continue(Ok(res)) = future.await {
            res.unwrap_records()
        } else {
            LookupRecords::Empty
        };

        let future = self.lookup(
            self.origin(),
            RecordType::SOA,
            None,
            LookupOptions::default(),
        );
        let end_soa = if let LookupControlFlow::Continue(Ok(res)) = future.await {
            res.unwrap_records()
        } else {
            LookupRecords::Empty
        };

        let records = AxfrRecords::new(
            lookup_options.dnssec_ok,
            self.inner.read().await.records.values().cloned().collect(),
        );

        Some((
            Ok(ZoneTransfer {
                start_soa,
                records,
                end_soa,
            }),
            None,
        ))
    }

    /// Return the NSEC records based on the given name
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `name` - given this name (i.e. the lookup name), return the NSEC record that is less than
    ///            this
    /// * `lookup_options` - Query-related lookup options (e.g., DNSSEC DO bit, supported hash
    ///                      algorithms, etc.)
    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    async fn nsec_records(
        &self,
        name: &LowerName,
        lookup_options: LookupOptions,
    ) -> LookupControlFlow<AuthLookup> {
        let inner = self.inner.read().await;

        // TODO: need a BorrowdRrKey
        let rr_key = RrKey::new(name.clone(), RecordType::NSEC);
        let no_data = inner
            .records
            .get(&rr_key)
            .map(|rr_set| LookupRecords::new(lookup_options, rr_set.clone()));

        if let Some(no_data) = no_data {
            return LookupControlFlow::Continue(Ok(no_data.into()));
        }

        let closest_proof = inner.closest_nsec(name);

        // we need the wildcard proof, but make sure that it's still part of the zone.
        let wildcard = name.base_name();
        let origin = self.origin();
        let wildcard = if origin.zone_of(&wildcard) {
            wildcard
        } else {
            origin.clone()
        };

        // don't duplicate the record...
        let wildcard_proof = if wildcard != *name {
            inner.closest_nsec(&wildcard)
        } else {
            None
        };

        let proofs = match (closest_proof, wildcard_proof) {
            (Some(closest_proof), Some(wildcard_proof)) => {
                // dedup with the wildcard proof
                if wildcard_proof != closest_proof {
                    vec![wildcard_proof, closest_proof]
                } else {
                    vec![closest_proof]
                }
            }
            (None, Some(proof)) | (Some(proof), None) => vec![proof],
            (None, None) => vec![],
        };

        LookupControlFlow::Continue(Ok(LookupRecords::many(lookup_options, proofs).into()))
    }

    #[cfg(not(feature = "__dnssec"))]
    async fn nsec_records(
        &self,
        _name: &LowerName,
        _lookup_options: LookupOptions,
    ) -> LookupControlFlow<AuthLookup> {
        LookupControlFlow::Continue(Ok(AuthLookup::default()))
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    async fn nsec3_records(
        &self,
        info: Nsec3QueryInfo<'_>,
        lookup_options: LookupOptions,
    ) -> LookupControlFlow<AuthLookup> {
        let inner = self.inner.read().await;
        LookupControlFlow::Continue(
            inner
                .proof(info, self.origin())
                .map(|proof| LookupRecords::many(lookup_options, proof).into()),
        )
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
    fn nx_proof_kind(&self) -> Option<&NxProofKind> {
        self.nx_proof_kind.as_ref()
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "metrics")]
    fn metrics_label(&self) -> &'static str {
        "in-memory"
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "__dnssec")]
#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl<P: RuntimeProvider + Send + Sync> DnssecZoneHandler for InMemoryZoneHandler<P> {
    /// By adding a secure key, this will implicitly enable dnssec for the zone.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `signer` - Signer with associated private key
    async fn add_zone_signing_key(&self, signer: DnssecSigner) -> DnsSecResult<()> {
        let mut inner = self.inner.write().await;

        Self::inner_add_zone_signing_key(&mut inner, signer, self.origin(), self.class)
    }

    /// Sign the zone for DNSSEC
    async fn secure_zone(&self) -> DnsSecResult<()> {
        let mut inner = self.inner.write().await;

        inner.secure_zone_mut(
            self.origin(),
            self.class,
            self.nx_proof_kind.as_ref(),
            Self::current_time()?,
        )
    }
}

/// Gets the next search name, and returns the RecordType that it originated from
fn maybe_next_name(
    record_set: &RecordSet,
    query_type: RecordType,
) -> Option<(LowerName, RecordType)> {
    let t = match (record_set.record_type(), query_type) {
        // ANAME is similar to CNAME,
        //  unlike CNAME, it is only something that continue to additional processing if the
        //  the query was for address (A, AAAA, or ANAME itself) record types.
        (t @ RecordType::ANAME, RecordType::A)
        | (t @ RecordType::ANAME, RecordType::AAAA)
        | (t @ RecordType::ANAME, RecordType::ANAME) => t,
        (t @ RecordType::NS, RecordType::NS) => t,
        (t @ RecordType::MX, RecordType::MX) => t,
        (t @ RecordType::SRV, RecordType::SRV) => t,
        // other additional collectors can be added here
        _ => return None,
    };

    let name = match (&record_set.records_without_rrsigs().next()?.data, t) {
        (RData::ANAME(name), RecordType::ANAME) => name,
        (RData::NS(ns), RecordType::NS) => &ns.0,
        (RData::MX(mx), RecordType::MX) => &mx.exchange,
        (RData::SRV(srv), RecordType::SRV) => &srv.target,
        _ => return None,
    };

    Some((LowerName::from(name), t))
}

// internal load for e.g. sqlite db creation
pub(crate) fn zone_from_path(
    zone_path: &Path,
    origin: Name,
) -> Result<BTreeMap<RrKey, RecordSet>, String> {
    info!("loading zone file: {zone_path:?}");

    // TODO: this should really use something to read line by line or some other method to
    //  keep the usage down. and be a custom lexer...
    let buf = fs::read_to_string(zone_path)
        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to read {}: {e:?}", zone_path.display()))?;

    let (origin, records) = Parser::new(buf, Some(zone_path.to_owned()), Some(origin))
        .parse()
        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to parse {}: {e:?}", zone_path.display()))?;

    info!("zone file loaded: {origin} with {} records", records.len());
    debug!("zone: {records:#?}");
    Ok(records)
}