google_groups_settings/

lib.rs

//! A fully generated, opinionated API client library for Google Groups Settings.
//!
//!
//! [![docs.rs](https://docs.rs/google-groups-settings/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/google-groups-settings)
//!
//! ## API Details
//!
//! Manages permission levels and related settings of a group.
//!
//! [API Terms of Service](https://developers.google.com/terms/)
//!
//! ### Contact
//!
//!
//! | name | url |
//! |----|----|
//! | Google | <https://google.com> |
//!
//! ### License
//!
//!
//! | name | url |
//! |----|----|
//! | Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 | <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> |
//!
//!
//! ## Client Details
//!
//! This client is generated from the [Google Groups Settings OpenAPI
//! specs](https://groupssettings.googleapis.com/iscovery/rest?version=v1) based on API spec version `v1`. This way it will remain
//! up to date as features are added. The documentation for the crate is generated
//! along with the code to make this library easy to use.
//!
//!
//! To install the library, add the following to your `Cargo.toml` file.
//!
//! ```toml
//! [dependencies]
//! google-groups-settings = "0.10.0"
//! ```
//!
//! ## Basic example
//!
//! Typical use will require intializing a `Client`. This requires
//! a user agent string and set of credentials.
//!
//! ```rust
//! use google_groups_settings::Client;
//!
//! let google groups settings = Client::new(
//!     String::from("client-id"),
//!     String::from("client-secret"),
//!     String::from("redirect-uri"),
//!     String::from("token"),
//!     String::from("refresh-token")
//! );
//! ```
//!
//! Alternatively, the library can search for most of the variables required for
//! the client in the environment:
//!
//! - `GOOGLE GROUPS SETTINGS_CLIENT_ID`
//! - `GOOGLE GROUPS SETTINGS_CLIENT_SECRET`
//! - `GOOGLE GROUPS SETTINGS_REDIRECT_URI`
//!
//! And then you can create a client from the environment.
//!
//! ```rust
//! use google_groups_settings::Client;
//!
//! let google groups settings = Client::new_from_env(
//!     String::from("token"),
//!     String::from("refresh-token")
//! );
//! ```
//!
//! It is okay to pass empty values for `token` and `refresh_token`. In
//! the initial state of the client, you will not know these values.
//!
//! To start off a fresh client and get a `token` and `refresh_token`, use the following.
//!
//! ```rust
//! use google_groups_settings::Client;
//!
//! async fn do_call() {
//!     let mut google groups settings = Client::new_from_env("", "");
//!
//!     // Get the URL to request consent from the user.
//!     // You can optionally pass in scopes. If none are provided, then the
//!     // resulting URL will not have any scopes.
//!     let user_consent_url = google groups settings.user_consent_url(&["some-scope".to_string()]);
//!
//!     // In your redirect URL capture the code sent and our state.
//!     // Send it along to the request for the token.
//!     let code = "thing-from-redirect-url";
//!     let state = "state-from-redirect-url";
//!     let mut access_token = google groups settings.get_access_token(code, state).await.unwrap();
//!
//!     // You can additionally refresh the access token with the following.
//!     // You must have a refresh token to be able to call this function.
//!     access_token = google groups settings.refresh_access_token().await.unwrap();
//! }
//! ```
//!
#![allow(clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq)]
#![allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
#![allow(clippy::nonstandard_macro_braces)]
#![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#![allow(clippy::tabs_in_doc_comments)]
#![allow(missing_docs)]
#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]

pub mod groups;
pub mod types;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod utils;

pub use reqwest::{header::HeaderMap, StatusCode};

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Response<T> {
    pub status: reqwest::StatusCode,
    pub headers: reqwest::header::HeaderMap,
    pub body: T,
}

impl<T> Response<T> {
    pub fn new(status: reqwest::StatusCode, headers: reqwest::header::HeaderMap, body: T) -> Self {
        Self {
            status,
            headers,
            body,
        }
    }
}

type ClientResult<T> = Result<T, ClientError>;

use thiserror::Error;

/// Errors returned by the client
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
pub enum ClientError {
    // Generic Token Client
    /// Empty refresh auth token
    #[error("Refresh AuthToken is empty")]
    EmptyRefreshToken,
    /// utf8 convertion error
    #[error(transparent)]
    FromUtf8Error(#[from] std::string::FromUtf8Error),
    /// URL Parsing Error
    #[error(transparent)]
    UrlParserError(#[from] url::ParseError),
    /// Serde JSON parsing error
    #[error(transparent)]
    SerdeJsonError(#[from] serde_json::Error),
    /// Errors returned by reqwest
    #[error(transparent)]
    ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),
    /// Errors returned by reqwest::header
    #[error(transparent)]
    InvalidHeaderValue(#[from] reqwest::header::InvalidHeaderValue),
    #[cfg(feature = "middleware")]
    /// Errors returned by reqwest middleware
    #[error(transparent)]
    ReqwestMiddleWareError(#[from] reqwest_middleware::Error),
    /// Generic HTTP Error
    #[error("HTTP Error. Code: {status}, message: {error}")]
    HttpError {
        status: http::StatusCode,
        headers: reqwest::header::HeaderMap,
        error: String,
    },
}

pub const FALLBACK_HOST: &str = "https://www.googleapis.com/groups/v1/groups";

mod progenitor_support {
    use percent_encoding::{utf8_percent_encode, AsciiSet, CONTROLS};

    const PATH_SET: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS
        .add(b' ')
        .add(b'"')
        .add(b'#')
        .add(b'<')
        .add(b'>')
        .add(b'?')
        .add(b'`')
        .add(b'{')
        .add(b'}');

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub(crate) fn encode_path(pc: &str) -> String {
        utf8_percent_encode(pc, PATH_SET).to_string()
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub(crate) struct Message {
    pub body: Option<reqwest::Body>,
    pub content_type: Option<String>,
}

use std::convert::TryInto;
use std::env;
use std::ops::Add;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use tokio::sync::RwLock;

const TOKEN_ENDPOINT: &str = "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token";
const USER_CONSENT_ENDPOINT: &str = "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth";

#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub struct RootDefaultServer {}

impl RootDefaultServer {
    pub fn default_url(&self) -> &str {
        "https://www.googleapis.com/groups/v1/groups"
    }
}

/// Entrypoint for interacting with the API client.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Client {
    host: String,
    host_override: Option<String>,
    token: Arc<RwLock<InnerToken>>,
    client_id: String,
    client_secret: String,
    redirect_uri: String,

    auto_refresh: bool,
    #[cfg(feature = "middleware")]
    client: reqwest_middleware::ClientWithMiddleware,
    #[cfg(not(feature = "middleware"))]
    client: reqwest::Client,
}

use schemars::JsonSchema;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Debug, JsonSchema, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AccessToken {
    #[serde(
        default,
        skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty",
        deserialize_with = "crate::utils::deserialize_null_string::deserialize"
    )]
    pub token_type: String,

    #[serde(
        default,
        skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty",
        deserialize_with = "crate::utils::deserialize_null_string::deserialize"
    )]
    pub access_token: String,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub expires_in: i64,

    #[serde(
        default,
        skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty",
        deserialize_with = "crate::utils::deserialize_null_string::deserialize"
    )]
    pub refresh_token: String,
    #[serde(default, alias = "x_refresh_token_expires_in")]
    pub refresh_token_expires_in: i64,

    #[serde(
        default,
        skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty",
        deserialize_with = "crate::utils::deserialize_null_string::deserialize"
    )]
    pub scope: String,
}

/// Time in seconds before the access token expiration point that a refresh should
/// be performed. This value is subtracted from the `expires_in` value returned by
/// the provider prior to storing
const REFRESH_THRESHOLD: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct InnerToken {
    access_token: String,
    refresh_token: String,
    expires_at: Option<Instant>,
}

impl Client {
    /// Create a new Client struct. Requires OAuth2 configuration values as well as an access and refresh token.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This function will panic if the internal http client fails to create
    pub fn new<I, K, R, T, Q>(
        client_id: I,
        client_secret: K,
        redirect_uri: R,
        token: T,
        refresh_token: Q,
    ) -> Self
    where
        I: ToString,
        K: ToString,
        R: ToString,
        T: ToString,
        Q: ToString,
    {
        // Retry up to 3 times with increasing intervals between attempts.
        let retry_policy =
            reqwest_retry::policies::ExponentialBackoff::builder().build_with_max_retries(3);
        let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
            .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none())
            .build();
        match client {
            Ok(c) => {
                #[cfg(feature = "middleware")]
                let client = {
                    reqwest_middleware::ClientBuilder::new(c)
                        // Trace HTTP requests. See the tracing crate to make use of these traces.
                        .with(reqwest_tracing::TracingMiddleware::default())
                        // Retry failed requests.
                        .with(reqwest_conditional_middleware::ConditionalMiddleware::new(
                            reqwest_retry::RetryTransientMiddleware::new_with_policy(retry_policy),
                            |req: &reqwest::Request| req.try_clone().is_some(),
                        ))
                        .build()
                };
                #[cfg(not(feature = "middleware"))]
                let client = c;

                let host = RootDefaultServer::default().default_url().to_string();

                Client {
                    host,
                    host_override: None,
                    client_id: client_id.to_string(),
                    client_secret: client_secret.to_string(),
                    redirect_uri: redirect_uri.to_string(),
                    token: Arc::new(RwLock::new(InnerToken {
                        access_token: token.to_string(),
                        refresh_token: refresh_token.to_string(),
                        expires_at: None,
                    })),

                    auto_refresh: false,
                    client,
                }
            }
            Err(e) => panic!("creating reqwest client failed: {:?}", e),
        }
    }

    /// Enables or disables the automatic refreshing of access tokens upon expiration
    pub fn set_auto_access_token_refresh(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self {
        self.auto_refresh = enabled;
        self
    }

    /// Sets a specific `Instant` at which the access token should be considered expired.
    /// The expiration value will only be used when automatic access token refreshing is
    /// also enabled. `None` may be passed in if the expiration is unknown. In this case
    /// automatic refreshes will be attempted when encountering an UNAUTHENTICATED status
    /// code on a response.
    pub async fn set_expires_at(&self, expires_at: Option<Instant>) -> &Self {
        self.token.write().await.expires_at = expires_at;
        self
    }

    /// Gets the `Instant` at which the access token used by this client is set to expire
    /// if one is known
    pub async fn expires_at(&self) -> Option<Instant> {
        self.token.read().await.expires_at
    }

    /// Sets the number of seconds in which the current access token should be considered
    /// expired
    pub async fn set_expires_in(&self, expires_in: i64) -> &Self {
        self.token.write().await.expires_at = Self::compute_expires_at(expires_in);
        self
    }

    /// Gets the number of seconds from now in which the current access token will be
    /// considered expired if one is known
    pub async fn expires_in(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
        self.token
            .read()
            .await
            .expires_at
            .map(|i| i.duration_since(Instant::now()))
    }

    /// Determines if the access token currently stored in the client is expired. If the
    /// expiration can not be determined, None is returned
    pub async fn is_expired(&self) -> Option<bool> {
        self.token
            .read()
            .await
            .expires_at
            .map(|expiration| expiration <= Instant::now())
    }

    fn compute_expires_at(expires_in: i64) -> Option<Instant> {
        let seconds_valid = expires_in
            .try_into()
            .ok()
            .map(Duration::from_secs)
            .and_then(|dur| dur.checked_sub(REFRESH_THRESHOLD))
            .or_else(|| Some(Duration::from_secs(0)));

        seconds_valid.map(|seconds_valid| Instant::now().add(seconds_valid))
    }

    /// Override the host for all endpoins in the client.
    pub fn with_host_override<H>(&mut self, host: H) -> &mut Self
    where
        H: ToString,
    {
        self.host_override = Some(host.to_string());
        self
    }

    /// Disables the global host override for the client.
    pub fn remove_host_override(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.host_override = None;
        self
    }

    pub fn get_host_override(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.host_override.as_deref()
    }

    pub(crate) fn url(&self, path: &str, host: Option<&str>) -> String {
        format!(
            "{}{}",
            self.get_host_override()
                .or(host)
                .unwrap_or(self.host.as_str()),
            path
        )
    }

    /// Create a new Client struct from environment variables. Requires an existing access and refresh token
    ///
    /// The following environment variables are expected to be set:
    ///   * `GOOGLE_KEY_ENCODED` - A base64 encoded version of JSON formatted application secret
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This function will panic if an application secret can not be parsed from the encoded key
    ///
    /// This function will panic if the internal http client fails to create
    pub async fn new_from_env<T, R>(token: T, refresh_token: R) -> Self
    where
        T: ToString,
        R: ToString,
    {
        use base64::{engine::general_purpose::STANDARD, Engine};

        let google_key = env::var("GOOGLE_KEY_ENCODED").unwrap_or_default();
        let decoded_google_key = STANDARD.decode(google_key).unwrap();
        let secret = yup_oauth2::parse_application_secret(decoded_google_key)
            .expect("failed to read from google credential env var");

        let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
            .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none())
            .build();
        let retry_policy =
            reqwest_retry::policies::ExponentialBackoff::builder().build_with_max_retries(3);

        match client {
            Ok(c) => {
                #[cfg(feature = "middleware")]
                let client = {
                    reqwest_middleware::ClientBuilder::new(c)
                        // Trace HTTP requests. See the tracing crate to make use of these traces.
                        .with(reqwest_tracing::TracingMiddleware::default())
                        // Retry failed requests.
                        .with(reqwest_conditional_middleware::ConditionalMiddleware::new(
                            reqwest_retry::RetryTransientMiddleware::new_with_policy(retry_policy),
                            |req: &reqwest::Request| req.try_clone().is_some(),
                        ))
                        .build()
                };
                #[cfg(not(feature = "middleware"))]
                let client = c;
                let host = RootDefaultServer::default().default_url().to_string();

                Client {
                    host,
                    host_override: None,
                    client_id: secret.client_id.to_string(),
                    client_secret: secret.client_secret.to_string(),
                    redirect_uri: secret.redirect_uris[0].to_string(),
                    token: Arc::new(RwLock::new(InnerToken {
                        access_token: token.to_string(),
                        refresh_token: refresh_token.to_string(),
                        expires_at: None,
                    })),
                    auto_refresh: false,
                    client,
                }
            }
            Err(e) => panic!("creating reqwest client failed: {:?}", e),
        }
    }

    /// Return a user consent url with an optional set of scopes.
    /// If no scopes are provided, they will not be passed in the url.
    pub fn user_consent_url(&self, scopes: &[String]) -> String {
        let state = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();

        let url = format!(
            "{}?client_id={}&access_type=offline&response_type=code&redirect_uri={}&state={}",
            USER_CONSENT_ENDPOINT, self.client_id, self.redirect_uri, state
        );

        if scopes.is_empty() {
            return url;
        }

        // Add the scopes.
        format!("{}&scope={}", url, scopes.join(" "))
    }

    /// Refresh an access token from a refresh token. Client must have a refresh token
    /// for this to work.
    pub async fn refresh_access_token(&self) -> ClientResult<AccessToken> {
        let response = {
            let refresh_token = &self.token.read().await.refresh_token;

            if refresh_token.is_empty() {
                return Err(ClientError::EmptyRefreshToken);
            }

            let mut headers = reqwest::header::HeaderMap::new();
            headers.append(
                reqwest::header::ACCEPT,
                reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
            );

            let params = [
                ("grant_type", "refresh_token"),
                ("refresh_token", refresh_token),
                ("client_id", &self.client_id),
                ("client_secret", &self.client_secret),
                ("redirect_uri", &self.redirect_uri),
            ];
            let client = reqwest::Client::new();
            client
                .post(TOKEN_ENDPOINT)
                .headers(headers)
                .form(&params)
                .basic_auth(&self.client_id, Some(&self.client_secret))
                .send()
                .await?
        };

        // Unwrap the response.
        let t: AccessToken = response.json().await?;

        let refresh_token = self.token.read().await.refresh_token.clone();

        *self.token.write().await = InnerToken {
            access_token: t.access_token.clone(),
            refresh_token,
            expires_at: Self::compute_expires_at(t.expires_in),
        };

        Ok(t)
    }

    /// Get an access token from the code returned by the URL paramter sent to the
    /// redirect URL.
    pub async fn get_access_token(&mut self, code: &str, state: &str) -> ClientResult<AccessToken> {
        let mut headers = reqwest::header::HeaderMap::new();
        headers.append(
            reqwest::header::ACCEPT,
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
        );

        let params = [
            ("grant_type", "authorization_code"),
            ("code", code),
            ("client_id", &self.client_id),
            ("client_secret", &self.client_secret),
            ("redirect_uri", &self.redirect_uri),
            ("state", state),
        ];
        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
        let resp = client
            .post(TOKEN_ENDPOINT)
            .headers(headers)
            .form(&params)
            .basic_auth(&self.client_id, Some(&self.client_secret))
            .send()
            .await?;

        // Unwrap the response.
        let t: AccessToken = resp.json().await?;

        *self.token.write().await = InnerToken {
            access_token: t.access_token.clone(),
            refresh_token: t.refresh_token.clone(),
            expires_at: Self::compute_expires_at(t.expires_in),
        };

        Ok(t)
    }

    async fn url_and_auth(&self, uri: &str) -> ClientResult<(reqwest::Url, Option<String>)> {
        let parsed_url = uri.parse::<reqwest::Url>()?;

        let auth = format!("Bearer {}", self.token.read().await.access_token);
        Ok((parsed_url, Some(auth)))
    }

    async fn make_request(
        &self,
        method: &reqwest::Method,
        uri: &str,
        message: Message,
    ) -> ClientResult<reqwest::Request> {
        let (url, auth) = self.url_and_auth(uri).await?;

        let instance = <&Client>::clone(&self);

        let mut req = instance.client.request(method.clone(), url);

        // Set the default headers.
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::ACCEPT,
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
        );

        if let Some(content_type) = &message.content_type {
            req = req.header(
                reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_str(content_type).unwrap(),
            );
        } else {
            req = req.header(
                reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
            );
        }

        if let Some(auth_str) = auth {
            req = req.header(http::header::AUTHORIZATION, &*auth_str);
        }

        if let Some(body) = message.body {
            req = req.body(body);
        }

        Ok(req.build()?)
    }

    async fn request_raw(
        &self,
        method: reqwest::Method,
        uri: &str,
        message: Message,
    ) -> ClientResult<reqwest::Response> {
        if self.auto_refresh {
            let expired = self.is_expired().await;

            match expired {
                // We have a known expired token, we know we need to perform a refresh prior to
                // attempting to make a request
                Some(true) => {
                    self.refresh_access_token().await?;
                }

                // We have a (theoretically) known good token available. We make an optimistic
                // attempting at the request. If the token is no longer good, then something other
                // than the expiration is triggering the failure. We defer handling of these errors
                // to the caller
                Some(false) => (),

                // We do not know what state we are in. We could have a valid or expired token.
                // Generally this means we are in one of two cases:
                //   1. We have not yet performed a token refresh, nor has the user provided
                //      expiration data, and therefore do not know the expiration of the user
                //      provided token
                //   2. The provider is returning unusable expiration times, at which point we
                //      choose to ignore them
                None => (),
            }
        }

        let req = self.make_request(&method, uri, message).await?;
        let resp = self.client.execute(req).await?;

        Ok(resp)
    }

    async fn request<Out>(
        &self,
        method: reqwest::Method,
        uri: &str,
        message: Message,
    ) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<Out>>
    where
        Out: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let response = self.request_raw(method, uri, message).await?;

        let status = response.status();
        let headers = response.headers().clone();

        let response_body = response.bytes().await?;

        if status.is_success() {
            log::debug!("Received successful response. Read payload.");
            let parsed_response = if status == http::StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
                || std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<()>()
            {
                serde_json::from_str("null")?
            } else {
                serde_json::from_slice::<Out>(&response_body)?
            };
            Ok(crate::Response::new(status, headers, parsed_response))
        } else {
            let error = if response_body.is_empty() {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: "empty response".into(),
                }
            } else {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: String::from_utf8_lossy(&response_body).into(),
                }
            };

            Err(error)
        }
    }

    async fn request_with_links<Out>(
        &self,
        method: http::Method,
        uri: &str,
        message: Message,
    ) -> ClientResult<(Option<crate::utils::NextLink>, crate::Response<Out>)>
    where
        Out: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let response = self.request_raw(method, uri, message).await?;

        let status = response.status();
        let headers = response.headers().clone();
        let link = response
            .headers()
            .get(http::header::LINK)
            .and_then(|l| l.to_str().ok())
            .and_then(|l| parse_link_header::parse(l).ok())
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(crate::utils::next_link);

        let response_body = response.bytes().await?;

        if status.is_success() {
            log::debug!("Received successful response. Read payload.");

            let parsed_response = if status == http::StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
                || std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<()>()
            {
                serde_json::from_str("null")?
            } else {
                serde_json::from_slice::<Out>(&response_body)?
            };
            Ok((link, crate::Response::new(status, headers, parsed_response)))
        } else {
            let error = if response_body.is_empty() {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: "empty response".into(),
                }
            } else {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: String::from_utf8_lossy(&response_body).into(),
                }
            };
            Err(error)
        }
    }

    /* TODO: make this more DRY */
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn post_form<Out>(
        &self,
        uri: &str,
        form: reqwest::multipart::Form,
    ) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<Out>>
    where
        Out: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let (url, auth) = self.url_and_auth(uri).await?;

        let instance = <&Client>::clone(&self);

        let mut req = instance.client.request(http::Method::POST, url);

        // Set the default headers.
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::ACCEPT,
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
        );

        if let Some(auth_str) = auth {
            req = req.header(http::header::AUTHORIZATION, &*auth_str);
        }

        req = req.multipart(form);

        let response = req.send().await?;

        let status = response.status();
        let headers = response.headers().clone();

        let response_body = response.bytes().await?;

        if status.is_success() {
            log::debug!("Received successful response. Read payload.");
            let parsed_response = if status == http::StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
                || std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<()>()
            {
                serde_json::from_str("null")?
            } else if std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<String>() {
                // Parse the output as a string.
                let s = String::from_utf8(response_body.to_vec())?;
                serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!(&s))?
            } else {
                serde_json::from_slice::<Out>(&response_body)?
            };
            Ok(crate::Response::new(status, headers, parsed_response))
        } else {
            let error = if response_body.is_empty() {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: "empty response".into(),
                }
            } else {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: String::from_utf8_lossy(&response_body).into(),
                }
            };

            Err(error)
        }
    }

    /* TODO: make this more DRY */
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn request_with_accept_mime<Out>(
        &self,
        method: reqwest::Method,
        uri: &str,
        accept_mime_type: &str,
    ) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<Out>>
    where
        Out: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let (url, auth) = self.url_and_auth(uri).await?;

        let instance = <&Client>::clone(&self);

        let mut req = instance.client.request(method, url);

        // Set the default headers.
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::ACCEPT,
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_str(accept_mime_type)?,
        );

        if let Some(auth_str) = auth {
            req = req.header(http::header::AUTHORIZATION, &*auth_str);
        }

        let response = req.send().await?;

        let status = response.status();
        let headers = response.headers().clone();

        let response_body = response.bytes().await?;

        if status.is_success() {
            log::debug!("Received successful response. Read payload.");
            let parsed_response = if status == http::StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
                || std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<()>()
            {
                serde_json::from_str("null")?
            } else if std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<String>() {
                // Parse the output as a string.
                let s = String::from_utf8(response_body.to_vec())?;
                serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!(&s))?
            } else {
                serde_json::from_slice::<Out>(&response_body)?
            };
            Ok(crate::Response::new(status, headers, parsed_response))
        } else {
            let error = if response_body.is_empty() {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: "empty response".into(),
                }
            } else {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: String::from_utf8_lossy(&response_body).into(),
                }
            };

            Err(error)
        }
    }

    /* TODO: make this more DRY */
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn request_with_mime<Out>(
        &self,
        method: reqwest::Method,
        uri: &str,
        content: &[u8],
        mime_type: &str,
    ) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<Out>>
    where
        Out: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let (url, auth) = self.url_and_auth(uri).await?;

        let instance = <&Client>::clone(&self);

        let mut req = instance.client.request(method, url);

        // Set the default headers.
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::ACCEPT,
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
        );
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE,
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_bytes(mime_type.as_bytes()).unwrap(),
        );
        // We are likely uploading a file so add the right headers.
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::HeaderName::from_static("x-upload-content-type"),
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream"),
        );
        req = req.header(
            reqwest::header::HeaderName::from_static("x-upload-content-length"),
            reqwest::header::HeaderValue::from_bytes(format!("{}", content.len()).as_bytes())
                .unwrap(),
        );

        if let Some(auth_str) = auth {
            req = req.header(http::header::AUTHORIZATION, &*auth_str);
        }

        if content.len() > 1 {
            let b = bytes::Bytes::copy_from_slice(content);
            // We are uploading a file so add that as the body.
            req = req.body(b);
        }

        let response = req.send().await?;

        let status = response.status();
        let headers = response.headers().clone();

        let response_body = response.bytes().await?;

        if status.is_success() {
            log::debug!("Received successful response. Read payload.");
            let parsed_response = if status == http::StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
                || std::any::TypeId::of::<Out>() == std::any::TypeId::of::<()>()
            {
                serde_json::from_str("null")?
            } else {
                serde_json::from_slice::<Out>(&response_body)?
            };
            Ok(crate::Response::new(status, headers, parsed_response))
        } else {
            let error = if response_body.is_empty() {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: "empty response".into(),
                }
            } else {
                ClientError::HttpError {
                    status,
                    headers,
                    error: String::from_utf8_lossy(&response_body).into(),
                }
            };

            Err(error)
        }
    }

    async fn request_entity<D>(
        &self,
        method: http::Method,
        uri: &str,
        message: Message,
    ) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<D>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let r = self.request(method, uri, message).await?;
        Ok(r)
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn get<D>(&self, uri: &str, message: Message) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<D>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_entity(http::Method::GET, uri, message).await
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn get_all_pages<D>(&self, uri: &str, _message: Message) -> ClientResult<Response<Vec<D>>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        // TODO: implement this.
        self.unfold(uri).await
    }

    /// "unfold" paginated results of a vector of items
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn unfold<D>(&self, uri: &str) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<Vec<D>>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        let mut global_items = Vec::new();
        let (new_link, mut response) = self.get_pages(uri).await?;
        let mut link = new_link;
        while !response.body.is_empty() {
            global_items.append(&mut response.body);
            // We need to get the next link.
            if let Some(url) = &link {
                let url = reqwest::Url::parse(&url.0)?;
                let (new_link, new_response) = self.get_pages_url(&url).await?;
                link = new_link;
                response = new_response;
            }
        }

        Ok(Response::new(
            response.status,
            response.headers,
            global_items,
        ))
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn get_pages<D>(
        &self,
        uri: &str,
    ) -> ClientResult<(Option<crate::utils::NextLink>, crate::Response<Vec<D>>)>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_with_links(http::Method::GET, uri, Message::default())
            .await
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn get_pages_url<D>(
        &self,
        url: &reqwest::Url,
    ) -> ClientResult<(Option<crate::utils::NextLink>, crate::Response<Vec<D>>)>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_with_links(http::Method::GET, url.as_str(), Message::default())
            .await
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn post<D>(&self, uri: &str, message: Message) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<D>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_entity(http::Method::POST, uri, message).await
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn patch<D>(&self, uri: &str, message: Message) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<D>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_entity(http::Method::PATCH, uri, message).await
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn put<D>(&self, uri: &str, message: Message) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<D>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_entity(http::Method::PUT, uri, message).await
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn delete<D>(&self, uri: &str, message: Message) -> ClientResult<crate::Response<D>>
    where
        D: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + 'static + Send,
    {
        self.request_entity(http::Method::DELETE, uri, message)
            .await
    }

    /// Return a reference to an interface that provides access to groups operations.
    pub fn groups(&self) -> groups::Groups {
        groups::Groups::new(self.clone())
    }
}