gizmo_renderer/asset/

primitives.rs

use crate::components::Mesh;
use crate::renderer::Vertex;
use gizmo_math::Vec3;
use std::sync::Arc;
use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;

impl super::AssetManager {
    /// İçi boş ters yüzlü küp (Skybox) mesh üretir.
    /// Normaller içe bakar, böylece kamera küpün merkezinden dışarıya baktığında yüzeyler görünür.
    pub fn create_inverted_cube(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Mesh {
        // 6 yüz × 2 üçgen × 3 köşe = 36 vertex
        // Her yüzün normali İÇE bakar (ters küp)
        let positions: [[f32; 3]; 8] = [
            [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0], // 0
            [1.0, -1.0, -1.0],  // 1
            [1.0, 1.0, -1.0],   // 2
            [-1.0, 1.0, -1.0],  // 3
            [-1.0, -1.0, 1.0],  // 4
            [1.0, -1.0, 1.0],   // 5
            [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],    // 6
            [-1.0, 1.0, 1.0],   // 7
        ];

        struct FaceDef {
            indices: [usize; 6],
            normal: [f32; 3],
            uvs: [[f32; 2]; 6],
        }

        let faces: [FaceDef; 6] = [
            // Arka (+Z içe)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                uvs: [
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
            // Ön (-Z içe)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [4, 6, 5, 4, 7, 6],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, -1.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
            // Alt (+Y içe)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [0, 5, 1, 0, 4, 5],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                ],
            },
            // Üst (-Y içe)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [3, 2, 6, 3, 6, 7],
                normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                ],
            },
            // Sol (+X içe)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [0, 3, 7, 0, 7, 4],
                normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                ],
            },
            // Sağ (-X içe)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [1, 6, 2, 1, 5, 6],
                normal: [-1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
        ];

        let mut vertices = Vec::with_capacity(36);
        for face in &faces {
            for i in 0..6 {
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: positions[face.indices[i]],
                    color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                    normal: face.normal,
                    tex_coords: face.uvs[i],
                    joint_indices: [0; 4],
                    joint_weights: [0.0; 4], ..Default::default()
                });
            }
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Skybox Inverted Cube VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            "inverted_cube".to_string(),
        )
    }

    /// Düzenli Küp mesh üretir (Dışa bakan normaller, PBR ışıklandırma ve gölgelendirme için doğru)
    pub fn create_cube(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Mesh {
        let positions: [[f32; 3]; 8] = [
            [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0], // 0
            [1.0, -1.0, -1.0],  // 1
            [1.0, 1.0, -1.0],   // 2
            [-1.0, 1.0, -1.0],  // 3
            [-1.0, -1.0, 1.0],  // 4
            [1.0, -1.0, 1.0],   // 5
            [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],    // 6
            [-1.0, 1.0, 1.0],   // 7
        ];

        struct FaceDef {
            indices: [usize; 6],
            normal: [f32; 3],
            uvs: [[f32; 2]; 6],
        }

        let faces: [FaceDef; 6] = [
            // Arka (-Z)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 2],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, -1.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
            // Ön (+Z)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
            // Alt (-Y)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [0, 1, 5, 0, 5, 4],
                normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                ],
            },
            // Üst (+Y)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [7, 6, 2, 7, 2, 3],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
            // Sol (-X)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [0, 4, 7, 0, 7, 3],
                normal: [-1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
            // Sağ (+X)
            FaceDef {
                indices: [5, 1, 2, 5, 2, 6],
                normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                uvs: [
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 1.0],
                    [1.0, 0.0],
                    [0.0, 0.0],
                ],
            },
        ];

        let mut vertices = Vec::with_capacity(36);
        for face in &faces {
            for i in 0..6 {
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: positions[face.indices[i]],
                    color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                    normal: face.normal,
                    tex_coords: face.uvs[i],
                    joint_indices: [0; 4],
                    joint_weights: [0.0; 4], ..Default::default()
                });
            }
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Standard Cube VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            "standard_cube".to_string(),
        )
    }

    pub fn create_gizmo_arrow(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Mesh {
        let w = 0.03; // Shaft thickness
        let hw = 0.12; // Head width
        let sl = 0.8; // Shaft length

        let positions: [[f32; 3]; 13] = [
            // Shaft (0..8)
            [-w, 0.0, -w],
            [w, 0.0, -w],
            [w, sl, -w],
            [-w, sl, -w],
            [-w, 0.0, w],
            [w, 0.0, w],
            [w, sl, w],
            [-w, sl, w],
            // Head Base (8..12)
            [-hw, sl, -hw],
            [hw, sl, -hw],
            [hw, sl, hw],
            [-hw, sl, hw],
            // Apex (12)
            [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
        ];

        let head_dy = 1.0 - sl;
        let head_dxz = hw;
        let head_norm_len = (head_dy * head_dy + head_dxz * head_dxz).sqrt();
        let n_y = head_dxz / head_norm_len;
        let n_xz = head_dy / head_norm_len;

        // Tuple of (Indices, Normal)
        let faces: Vec<(Vec<usize>, [f32; 3])> = vec![
            // Shaft
            (vec![0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2], [0.0, 0.0, -1.0]), // Back
            (vec![4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]),  // Front
            (vec![0, 1, 5, 0, 5, 4], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0]), // Bottom
            (vec![0, 4, 7, 0, 7, 3], [-1.0, 0.0, 0.0]), // Left
            (vec![1, 2, 6, 1, 6, 5], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]),  // Right
            // Arrowhead Base
            (vec![8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0]),
            // Arrowhead Sides
            (vec![11, 10, 12], [0.0, n_y, n_xz]), // Front (+Z)
            (vec![9, 8, 12], [0.0, n_y, -n_xz]),  // Back (-Z)
            (vec![10, 9, 12], [n_xz, n_y, 0.0]),  // Right (+X)
            (vec![8, 11, 12], [-n_xz, n_y, 0.0]), // Left (-X)
        ];

        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        for (indices, normal) in faces {
            for idx in indices {
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: positions[idx],
                    color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                    normal,
                    tex_coords: [0.0, 0.0],
                    joint_indices: [0; 4],
                    joint_weights: [0.0; 4], ..Default::default()
                });
            }
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Gizmo Arrow VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            "gizmo_arrow".to_string(),
        )
    }

    /// Basit, yatay bir düzlem (Plane) üretir.
    pub fn create_plane(device: &wgpu::Device, size: f32) -> Mesh {
        let half = size / 2.0;
        let y = 0.0;

        // Üstten bakışla Saat yönünün tersi (CCW) 2 üçgen (Quad)
        let def_j = [0; 4];
        let def_w = [0.0; 4];
        let vertices = [
            // İlk Üçgen (CW from above)
            Vertex {
                position: [-half, y, -half],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, 0.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [half, y, -half],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [size, 0.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [half, y, half],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [size, size],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            // İkinci Üçgen (CW from above)
            Vertex {
                position: [-half, y, -half],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, 0.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [half, y, half],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [size, size],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [-half, y, half],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, size],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
        ];

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Plane VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            format!("plane_{}", size),
        )
    }

    /// Yuvarlak bir disk (Çember tabanı) üretir. Bevy'nin Circle::new(radius) karşılığıdır.
    pub fn create_circle(device: &wgpu::Device, radius: f32, segments: u32) -> Mesh {
        let segments = segments.max(3);
        let mut vertices = Vec::with_capacity((segments * 3) as usize);

        let center = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
        let normal = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
        let def_j = [0; 4];
        let def_w = [0.0; 4];

        for i in 0..segments {
            let angle1 = (i as f32 / segments as f32) * std::f32::consts::PI * 2.0;
            let angle2 = ((i + 1) as f32 / segments as f32) * std::f32::consts::PI * 2.0;

            let p1 = [radius * angle1.cos(), 0.0, radius * angle1.sin()];
            let p2 = [radius * angle2.cos(), 0.0, radius * angle2.sin()];

            let uv_center = [0.5, 0.5];
            let uv1 = [0.5 + 0.5 * angle1.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * angle1.sin()];
            let uv2 = [0.5 + 0.5 * angle2.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * angle2.sin()];

            // CW sarmalı (Center -> P1 -> P2)
            vertices.push(Vertex {
                position: center,
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal,
                tex_coords: uv_center,
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            });
            vertices.push(Vertex {
                position: p1,
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal,
                tex_coords: uv1,
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            });
            vertices.push(Vertex {
                position: p2,
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal,
                tex_coords: uv2,
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            });
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Circle VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            format!("circle_{}_{}", radius, segments),
        )
    }

    /// Editör sahneleri için GPU'da çizilen sonsuz grid mesh (tek bir quad). Shader içinde matematiksel olarak çizilir.
    pub fn create_editor_grid_mesh(device: &wgpu::Device, extents: f32) -> Mesh {
        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        // Zemin boyunca devasa bir XY (veya XZ düzleminde) quad oluştur.
        let scale = extents;
        let v = [
            [-scale, 0.0, -scale],
            [scale, 0.0, -scale],
            [scale, 0.0, scale],
            [-scale, 0.0, scale],
        ];

        let indices = [0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2];
        for i in indices {
            vertices.push(Vertex {
                position: v[i],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, 0.0],
                joint_indices: [0; 4],
                joint_weights: [0.0; 4], ..Default::default()
            });
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Editor Infinite Grid VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            "editor_grid".to_string(),
        )
    }

    /// 2D Sprite dörtgeni oluşturur (XY düzleminde, kameraya paralel).
    /// Ortografik projeksiyon ile kullanıldığında 2D oyun desteği sağlar.
    pub fn create_sprite_quad(device: &wgpu::Device, width: f32, height: f32) -> Mesh {
        let hw = width / 2.0;
        let hh = height / 2.0;
        let def_j = [0; 4];
        let def_w = [0.0; 4];

        // XY düzleminde dörtgen (Z=0), kameraya bakan yön +Z
        let vertices = [
            Vertex {
                position: [-hw, -hh, 0.0],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, 1.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [hw, -hh, 0.0],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                tex_coords: [1.0, 1.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [hw, hh, 0.0],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                tex_coords: [1.0, 0.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [hw, hh, 0.0],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                tex_coords: [1.0, 0.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [-hw, hh, 0.0],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, 0.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [-hw, -hh, 0.0],
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                tex_coords: [0.0, 1.0],
                joint_indices: def_j,
                joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
            },
        ];

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Sprite Quad VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            "sprite_quad".to_string(),
        )
    }

    /// Programatik UV Küre (Sphere) üretir.
    pub fn create_sphere(device: &wgpu::Device, radius: f32, stacks: u32, slices: u32) -> Mesh {
        let stacks = stacks.max(3);
        let slices = slices.max(3);
        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;

        for i in 0..stacks {
            let theta1 = (i as f32 / stacks as f32) * pi;
            let theta2 = ((i + 1) as f32 / stacks as f32) * pi;

            for j in 0..slices {
                let phi1 = (j as f32 / slices as f32) * 2.0 * pi;
                let phi2 = ((j + 1) as f32 / slices as f32) * 2.0 * pi;

                // 4 köşe noktası
                let p1 = [
                    radius * theta1.sin() * phi1.cos(),
                    radius * theta1.cos(),
                    radius * theta1.sin() * phi1.sin(),
                ];
                let p2 = [
                    radius * theta2.sin() * phi1.cos(),
                    radius * theta2.cos(),
                    radius * theta2.sin() * phi1.sin(),
                ];
                let p3 = [
                    radius * theta2.sin() * phi2.cos(),
                    radius * theta2.cos(),
                    radius * theta2.sin() * phi2.sin(),
                ];
                let p4 = [
                    radius * theta1.sin() * phi2.cos(),
                    radius * theta1.cos(),
                    radius * theta1.sin() * phi2.sin(),
                ];

                let n1 = [
                    theta1.sin() * phi1.cos(),
                    theta1.cos(),
                    theta1.sin() * phi1.sin(),
                ];
                let n2 = [
                    theta2.sin() * phi1.cos(),
                    theta2.cos(),
                    theta2.sin() * phi1.sin(),
                ];
                let n3 = [
                    theta2.sin() * phi2.cos(),
                    theta2.cos(),
                    theta2.sin() * phi2.sin(),
                ];
                let n4 = [
                    theta1.sin() * phi2.cos(),
                    theta1.cos(),
                    theta1.sin() * phi2.sin(),
                ];

                let uv1 = [
                    if i == 0 {
                        (j as f32 + 0.5) / slices as f32
                    } else {
                        j as f32 / slices as f32
                    },
                    i as f32 / stacks as f32,
                ];
                let uv2 = [
                    if i + 1 == stacks {
                        (j as f32 + 0.5) / slices as f32
                    } else {
                        j as f32 / slices as f32
                    },
                    (i + 1) as f32 / stacks as f32,
                ];
                let uv3 = [
                    if i + 1 == stacks {
                        (j as f32 + 0.5) / slices as f32
                    } else {
                        (j + 1) as f32 / slices as f32
                    },
                    (i + 1) as f32 / stacks as f32,
                ];
                let uv4 = [
                    if i == 0 {
                        (j as f32 + 0.5) / slices as f32
                    } else {
                        (j + 1) as f32 / slices as f32
                    },
                    i as f32 / stacks as f32,
                ];

                let def_j = [0; 4];
                let def_w = [0.0; 4];

                // Üçgen 1 (CCW)
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: p1,
                    color: [1.0; 3],
                    normal: n1,
                    tex_coords: uv1,
                    joint_indices: def_j,
                    joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
                });
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: p2,
                    color: [1.0; 3],
                    normal: n2,
                    tex_coords: uv2,
                    joint_indices: def_j,
                    joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
                });
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: p3,
                    color: [1.0; 3],
                    normal: n3,
                    tex_coords: uv3,
                    joint_indices: def_j,
                    joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
                });
                // Üçgen 2 (CCW)
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: p1,
                    color: [1.0; 3],
                    normal: n1,
                    tex_coords: uv1,
                    joint_indices: def_j,
                    joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
                });
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: p3,
                    color: [1.0; 3],
                    normal: n3,
                    tex_coords: uv3,
                    joint_indices: def_j,
                    joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
                });
                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: p4,
                    color: [1.0; 3],
                    normal: n4,
                    tex_coords: uv4,
                    joint_indices: def_j,
                    joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default()
                });
            }
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some("Sphere VBuf"),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            format!("sphere_{}_{}_{}", radius, stacks, slices),
        )
    }

    pub fn create_cylinder(device: &wgpu::Device, radius: f32, height: f32, radial_segments: u32) -> Mesh {
        let radial_segments = radial_segments.max(3);
        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;
        let half_h = height / 2.0;

        // Tube
        for i in 0..radial_segments {
            let t1 = (i as f32 / radial_segments as f32) * 2.0 * pi;
            let t2 = ((i + 1) as f32 / radial_segments as f32) * 2.0 * pi;

            let u1 = i as f32 / radial_segments as f32;
            let u2 = (i + 1) as f32 / radial_segments as f32;

            let p1_top = [radius * t1.cos(), half_h, radius * t1.sin()];
            let p1_bot = [radius * t1.cos(), -half_h, radius * t1.sin()];
            let p2_top = [radius * t2.cos(), half_h, radius * t2.sin()];
            let p2_bot = [radius * t2.cos(), -half_h, radius * t2.sin()];

            let n1 = [t1.cos(), 0.0, t1.sin()];
            let n2 = [t2.cos(), 0.0, t2.sin()];

            let def_j = [0; 4]; let def_w = [0.0; 4];
            let col = [1.0; 3];

            // Tri 1 (CCW)
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_top, normal: n1, tex_coords: [u1, 0.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_bot, normal: n1, tex_coords: [u1, 1.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: n2, tex_coords: [u2, 1.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

            // Tri 2 (CCW)
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_top, normal: n1, tex_coords: [u1, 0.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: n2, tex_coords: [u2, 1.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_top, normal: n2, tex_coords: [u2, 0.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

            // Top Cap (CCW from above)
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: [0.0, half_h, 0.0], normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_top, normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5 + 0.5 * t1.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * t1.sin()], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_top, normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5 + 0.5 * t2.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * t2.sin()], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

            // Bottom Cap (CCW from below)
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: [0.0, -half_h, 0.0], normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5 + 0.5 * t2.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * t2.sin()], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_bot, normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5 + 0.5 * t1.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * t1.sin()], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor { label: Some("Cylinder VBuf"), contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices), usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX });
        Mesh::new(device, Arc::new(vbuf), &vertices, Vec3::ZERO, format!("cylinder_{}_{}", radius, height))
    }

    pub fn create_cone(device: &wgpu::Device, radius: f32, height: f32, radial_segments: u32) -> Mesh {
        let radial_segments = radial_segments.max(3);
        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;
        let half_h = height / 2.0;

        let slant = (radius * radius + height * height).sqrt();
        let ny = radius / slant;
        let n_xz = height / slant;

        for i in 0..radial_segments {
            let t1 = (i as f32 / radial_segments as f32) * 2.0 * pi;
            let t2 = ((i + 1) as f32 / radial_segments as f32) * 2.0 * pi;

            let p1_bot = [radius * t1.cos(), -half_h, radius * t1.sin()];
            let p2_bot = [radius * t2.cos(), -half_h, radius * t2.sin()];
            let apex = [0.0, half_h, 0.0];

            let n1 = [n_xz * t1.cos(), ny, n_xz * t1.sin()];
            let n2 = [n_xz * t2.cos(), ny, n_xz * t2.sin()];
            let navg = [n_xz * ((t1+t2)/2.0).cos(), ny, n_xz * ((t1+t2)/2.0).sin()];

            let u1 = i as f32 / radial_segments as f32;
            let u2 = (i + 1) as f32 / radial_segments as f32;
            let umid = (u1 + u2) / 2.0;

            let def_j = [0; 4]; let def_w = [0.0; 4];
            let col = [1.0; 3];

            // Side Tri (CCW from outside)
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: apex, normal: navg, tex_coords: [umid, 0.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_bot, normal: n1, tex_coords: [u1, 1.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: n2, tex_coords: [u2, 1.0], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

            // Bottom Cap (CCW from below)
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: [0.0, -half_h, 0.0], normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5 + 0.5 * t2.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * t2.sin()], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_bot, normal: [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], tex_coords: [0.5 + 0.5 * t1.cos(), 0.5 + 0.5 * t1.sin()], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor { label: Some("Cone VBuf"), contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices), usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX });
        Mesh::new(device, Arc::new(vbuf), &vertices, Vec3::ZERO, format!("cone_{}_{}", radius, height))
    }

    pub fn create_torus(device: &wgpu::Device, radius: f32, tube_radius: f32, radial_segments: u32, tubular_segments: u32) -> Mesh {
        let radial_segments = radial_segments.max(3);
        let tubular_segments = tubular_segments.max(3);
        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;

        for i in 0..radial_segments {
            for j in 0..tubular_segments {
                let u1 = i as f32 / radial_segments as f32;
                let u2 = (i + 1) as f32 / radial_segments as f32;
                let v1 = j as f32 / tubular_segments as f32;
                let v2 = (j + 1) as f32 / tubular_segments as f32;

                let t1 = u1 * 2.0 * pi;
                let t2 = u2 * 2.0 * pi;
                let p1 = v1 * 2.0 * pi;
                let p2 = v2 * 2.0 * pi;

                let pos = |t: f32, p: f32| {
                    [(radius + tube_radius * p.cos()) * t.cos(), tube_radius * p.sin(), (radius + tube_radius * p.cos()) * t.sin()]
                };
                let norm = |t: f32, p: f32| {
                    [p.cos() * t.cos(), p.sin(), p.cos() * t.sin()]
                };

                let p_00 = pos(t1, p1); let n_00 = norm(t1, p1);
                let p_10 = pos(t2, p1); let n_10 = norm(t2, p1);
                let p_01 = pos(t1, p2); let n_01 = norm(t1, p2);
                let p_11 = pos(t2, p2); let n_11 = norm(t2, p2);

                let def_j = [0; 4]; let def_w = [0.0; 4];
                let col = [1.0; 3];

                vertices.push(Vertex { position: p_00, normal: n_00, tex_coords: [u1, v1], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                vertices.push(Vertex { position: p_01, normal: n_01, tex_coords: [u1, v2], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                vertices.push(Vertex { position: p_10, normal: n_10, tex_coords: [u2, v1], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

                vertices.push(Vertex { position: p_10, normal: n_10, tex_coords: [u2, v1], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                vertices.push(Vertex { position: p_01, normal: n_01, tex_coords: [u1, v2], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                vertices.push(Vertex { position: p_11, normal: n_11, tex_coords: [u2, v2], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
            }
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor { label: Some("Torus VBuf"), contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices), usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX });
        Mesh::new(device, Arc::new(vbuf), &vertices, Vec3::ZERO, format!("torus_{}_{}", radius, tube_radius))
    }

    pub fn create_capsule(device: &wgpu::Device, radius: f32, depth: f32, latitudes: u32, longitudes: u32) -> Mesh {
        let latitudes = latitudes.max(4);
        let longitudes = longitudes.max(4);
        let mut vertices = Vec::new();
        let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;
        let half_d = depth / 2.0;

        for i in 0..=latitudes {
            let u1 = i as f32 / latitudes as f32;
            let u2 = (i + 1) as f32 / latitudes as f32;
            let theta1 = u1 * pi;
            let theta2 = u2 * pi;

            let y_offset1 = if u1 < 0.5 { half_d } else if u1 > 0.5 { -half_d } else { 0.0 };
            let y_offset2 = if u2 < 0.5 { half_d } else if u2 > 0.5 { -half_d } else { 0.0 };
            
            // To properly insert a tube, we duplicate the equator loop
            let is_equator = i == latitudes / 2;

            if is_equator {
                // Tube segment
                for j in 0..longitudes {
                    let v1 = j as f32 / longitudes as f32;
                    let v2 = (j + 1) as f32 / longitudes as f32;
                    let phi1 = v1 * 2.0 * pi;
                    let phi2 = v2 * 2.0 * pi;

                    let p1_top = [radius * phi1.cos(), half_d, radius * phi1.sin()];
                    let p1_bot = [radius * phi1.cos(), -half_d, radius * phi1.sin()];
                    let p2_top = [radius * phi2.cos(), half_d, radius * phi2.sin()];
                    let p2_bot = [radius * phi2.cos(), -half_d, radius * phi2.sin()];

                    let n1 = [phi1.cos(), 0.0, phi1.sin()];
                    let n2 = [phi2.cos(), 0.0, phi2.sin()];

                    let def_j = [0; 4]; let def_w = [0.0; 4]; let col = [1.0; 3];

                    // Tri 1 (CCW)
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_top, normal: n1, tex_coords: [v1, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_bot, normal: n1, tex_coords: [v1, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: n2, tex_coords: [v2, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

                    // Tri 2 (CCW)
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1_top, normal: n1, tex_coords: [v1, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_bot, normal: n2, tex_coords: [v2, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2_top, normal: n2, tex_coords: [v2, 0.5], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                }
            }

            if i < latitudes {
                for j in 0..longitudes {
                    let v1 = j as f32 / longitudes as f32;
                    let v2 = (j + 1) as f32 / longitudes as f32;
                    let phi1 = v1 * 2.0 * pi;
                    let phi2 = v2 * 2.0 * pi;

                    let p1 = [radius * theta1.sin() * phi1.cos(), radius * theta1.cos() + y_offset1, radius * theta1.sin() * phi1.sin()];
                    let p2 = [radius * theta2.sin() * phi1.cos(), radius * theta2.cos() + y_offset2, radius * theta2.sin() * phi1.sin()];
                    let p3 = [radius * theta2.sin() * phi2.cos(), radius * theta2.cos() + y_offset2, radius * theta2.sin() * phi2.sin()];
                    let p4 = [radius * theta1.sin() * phi2.cos(), radius * theta1.cos() + y_offset1, radius * theta1.sin() * phi2.sin()];

                    let n1 = [theta1.sin() * phi1.cos(), theta1.cos(), theta1.sin() * phi1.sin()];
                    let n2 = [theta2.sin() * phi1.cos(), theta2.cos(), theta2.sin() * phi1.sin()];
                    let n3 = [theta2.sin() * phi2.cos(), theta2.cos(), theta2.sin() * phi2.sin()];
                    let n4 = [theta1.sin() * phi2.cos(), theta1.cos(), theta1.sin() * phi2.sin()];

                    let def_j = [0; 4]; let def_w = [0.0; 4]; let col = [1.0; 3];

                    // Tri 1 (CCW)
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1, normal: n1, tex_coords: [v1, u1], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p2, normal: n2, tex_coords: [v1, u2], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p3, normal: n3, tex_coords: [v2, u2], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });

                    // Tri 2 (CCW)
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p1, normal: n1, tex_coords: [v1, u1], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p3, normal: n3, tex_coords: [v2, u2], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                    vertices.push(Vertex { position: p4, normal: n4, tex_coords: [v2, u1], color: col, joint_indices: def_j, joint_weights: def_w, ..Default::default() });
                }
            }
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor { label: Some("Capsule VBuf"), contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices), usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX });
        Mesh::new(device, Arc::new(vbuf), &vertices, Vec3::ZERO, format!("capsule_{}_{}", radius, depth))
    }


    pub fn create_terrain(
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        heightmap_path: &str,
        width: f32,
        depth: f32,
        max_height: f32,
    ) -> Result<(Mesh, Vec<f32>, u32, u32), String> {
        let canonical = std::path::Path::new(heightmap_path)
            .canonicalize()
            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
            .unwrap_or_else(|_| heightmap_path.to_string());

        let img = image::open(&canonical)
            .map_err(|e| format!("Heightmap yuklenemedi! {} ({})", canonical, e))?
            .into_luma8(); // Grayscale format

        let (img_width, img_height) = img.dimensions();
        if img_width < 2 || img_height < 2 {
            return Err(
                "Heightmap boyutlari en az 2x2 olmalidir. 1x1 piksel ile arazi olusturulamaz."
                    .to_string(),
            );
        }
        // Sınırlama: 512x512'den büyükse performans için uyar ya da downscale et

        let mut vertices: Vec<Vertex> = Vec::with_capacity((img_width * img_height) as usize);
        let mut heights: Vec<f32> = Vec::with_capacity((img_width * img_height) as usize);

        let half_w = width / 2.0;
        let half_d = depth / 2.0;

        // 1. GRID VERTEX'LERİ ÜRET
        for y in 0..img_height {
            for x in 0..img_width {
                let pixel = img.get_pixel(x, y)[0] as f32 / 255.0; // 0.0 - 1.0
                heights.push(pixel);
                let world_y = pixel * max_height;

                let world_x = -half_w + (x as f32 / (img_width as f32 - 1.0)) * width;
                let world_z = -half_d + (y as f32 / (img_height as f32 - 1.0)) * depth;

                // UV Mapping: Repeat 10 times across terrain so grass doesn't look stretched
                let uv_x = (x as f32 / (img_width as f32 - 1.0)) * 10.0;
                let uv_y = (y as f32 / (img_height as f32 - 1.0)) * 10.0;

                vertices.push(Vertex {
                    position: [world_x, world_y, world_z],
                    color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                    normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], // İlk başta düz yukarı
                    tex_coords: [uv_x, uv_y],
                    joint_indices: [0; 4],
                    joint_weights: [0.0; 4], ..Default::default()
                });
            }
        }

        // 2. INDEX'LERİ OLUŞTUR VE NORMALLERİ HESAPLA
        let mut indices = Vec::with_capacity(((img_width - 1) * (img_height - 1) * 6) as usize);
        for y in 0..(img_height - 1) {
            for x in 0..(img_width - 1) {
                let i0 = y * img_width + x;
                let i1 = y * img_width + (x + 1);
                let i2 = (y + 1) * img_width + x;
                let i3 = (y + 1) * img_width + (x + 1);

                // Triangle 1
                indices.push(i0);
                indices.push(i2);
                indices.push(i1);

                // Triangle 2
                indices.push(i1);
                indices.push(i2);
                indices.push(i3);
            }
        }

        // Face ve Smooth Normalleri hesapla
        let mut final_vertices = Vec::with_capacity(indices.len());
        for chunk in indices.chunks(3) {
            let i0 = chunk[0] as usize;
            let i1 = chunk[1] as usize;
            let i2 = chunk[2] as usize;

            let p0 = Vec3::from_array(vertices[i0].position);
            let p1 = Vec3::from_array(vertices[i1].position);
            let p2 = Vec3::from_array(vertices[i2].position);

            let norm = (p1 - p0).cross(p2 - p0);
            let normal = if norm.length_squared() > 1e-6 {
                norm.normalize()
            } else {
                Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
            };

            // Triangle count for WGPU. Note: using flat normal per face first, optionally can be smoothed
            let mut v0 = vertices[i0];
            v0.normal = [normal.x, normal.y, normal.z];
            let mut v1 = vertices[i1];
            v1.normal = [normal.x, normal.y, normal.z];
            let mut v2 = vertices[i2];
            v2.normal = [normal.x, normal.y, normal.z];

            final_vertices.push(v0);
            final_vertices.push(v1);
            final_vertices.push(v2);
        }

        let vbuf = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
            label: Some(&format!("Terrain ({})", heightmap_path)),
            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&final_vertices),
            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
        });

        let mesh = Mesh::new(
            device,
            Arc::new(vbuf),
            &final_vertices,
            Vec3::ZERO,
            format!("terrain:{}", heightmap_path),
        );
        Ok((mesh, heights, img_width, img_height))
    }
}