logo
pub struct Polygon<T = f64> where
    T: CoordNum
{ /* private fields */ }
Expand description

A bounded two-dimensional area.

A Polygon’s outer boundary (exterior ring) is represented by a LineString. It may contain zero or more holes (interior rings), also represented by LineStrings.

A Polygon can be created with the Polygon::new constructor or the [polygon!] macro.

Semantics

The boundary of the polygon is the union of the boundaries of the exterior and interiors. The interior is all the points inside the polygon (not on the boundary).

The Polygon structure guarantees that all exterior and interior rings will be closed, such that the first and last Coordinate of each ring has the same value.

Validity

  • The exterior and interior rings must be valid LinearRings (see LineString).

  • No two rings in the boundary may cross, and may intersect at a Point only as a tangent. In other words, the rings must be distinct, and for every pair of common points in two of the rings, there must be a neighborhood (a topological open set) around one that does not contain the other point.

  • The closure of the interior of the Polygon must equal the Polygon itself. For instance, the exterior may not contain a spike.

  • The interior of the polygon must be a connected point-set. That is, any two distinct points in the interior must admit a curve between these two that lies in the interior.

Refer to section 6.1.11.1 of the OGC-SFA for a formal definition of validity. Besides the closed LineString guarantee, the Polygon structure does not enforce validity at this time. For example, it is possible to construct a Polygon that has:

  • fewer than 3 coordinates per LineString ring
  • interior rings that intersect other interior rings
  • interior rings that extend beyond the exterior ring

LineString closing operation

Some APIs on Polygon result in a closing operation on a LineString. The operation is as follows:

If a LineString’s first and last Coordinate have different values, a new Coordinate will be appended to the LineString with a value equal to the first Coordinate.

Implementations

Create a new Polygon with the provided exterior LineString ring and interior LineString rings.

Upon calling new, the exterior and interior LineString rings will be closed.

Examples

Creating a Polygon with no interior rings:

use geo_types::{LineString, Polygon};

let polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![],
);

Creating a Polygon with an interior ring:

use geo_types::{LineString, Polygon};

let polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])],
);

If the first and last Coordinates of the exterior or interior LineStrings no longer match, those LineStrings will be closed:

use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.)]), vec![]);

assert_eq!(
    polygon.exterior(),
    &LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.),])
);

Consume the Polygon, returning the exterior LineString ring and a vector of the interior LineString rings.

Examples
use geo_types::{LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])],
);

let (exterior, interiors) = polygon.into_inner();

assert_eq!(
    exterior,
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.),])
);

assert_eq!(
    interiors,
    vec![LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])]
);

Return a reference to the exterior LineString ring.

Examples
use geo_types::{LineString, Polygon};

let exterior = LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]);

let polygon = Polygon::new(exterior.clone(), vec![]);

assert_eq!(polygon.exterior(), &exterior);

Execute the provided closure f, which is provided with a mutable reference to the exterior LineString ring.

After the closure executes, the exterior LineString will be closed.

Examples
use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![],
);

polygon.exterior_mut(|exterior| {
    exterior.0[1] = coord! { x: 1., y: 2. };
});

assert_eq!(
    polygon.exterior(),
    &LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 2.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.),])
);

If the first and last Coordinates of the exterior LineString no longer match, the LineString will be closed:

use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![],
);

polygon.exterior_mut(|exterior| {
    exterior.0[0] = coord! { x: 0., y: 1. };
});

assert_eq!(
    polygon.exterior(),
    &LineString::from(vec![(0., 1.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.), (0., 1.),])
);

Return a slice of the interior LineString rings.

Examples
use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let interiors = vec![LineString::from(vec![
    (0.1, 0.1),
    (0.9, 0.9),
    (0.9, 0.1),
    (0.1, 0.1),
])];

let polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    interiors.clone(),
);

assert_eq!(interiors, polygon.interiors());

Execute the provided closure f, which is provided with a mutable reference to the interior LineString rings.

After the closure executes, each of the interior LineStrings will be closed.

Examples
use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])],
);

polygon.interiors_mut(|interiors| {
    interiors[0].0[1] = coord! { x: 0.8, y: 0.8 };
});

assert_eq!(
    polygon.interiors(),
    &[LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.8, 0.8),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])]
);

If the first and last Coordinates of any interior LineString no longer match, those LineStrings will be closed:

use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])],
);

polygon.interiors_mut(|interiors| {
    interiors[0].0[0] = coord! { x: 0.1, y: 0.2 };
});

assert_eq!(
    polygon.interiors(),
    &[LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.2),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.2),
    ])]
);

Add an interior ring to the Polygon.

The new LineString interior ring will be closed:

Examples
use geo_types::{coord, LineString, Polygon};

let mut polygon = Polygon::new(
    LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (1., 1.), (1., 0.), (0., 0.)]),
    vec![],
);

assert_eq!(polygon.interiors().len(), 0);

polygon.interiors_push(vec![(0.1, 0.1), (0.9, 0.9), (0.9, 0.1)]);

assert_eq!(
    polygon.interiors(),
    &[LineString::from(vec![
        (0.1, 0.1),
        (0.9, 0.9),
        (0.9, 0.1),
        (0.1, 0.1),
    ])]
);
👎Deprecated since 0.6.1:

Please use geo::is_convex on poly.exterior() instead

Determine whether a Polygon is convex

Trait Implementations

Equality assertion with an absolute limit.

Examples
use geo_types::{Polygon, polygon};

let a: Polygon<f32> = polygon![(x: 0., y: 0.), (x: 5., y: 0.), (x: 7., y: 9.), (x: 0., y: 0.)];
let b: Polygon<f32> = polygon![(x: 0., y: 0.), (x: 5., y: 0.), (x: 7.01, y: 9.), (x: 0., y: 0.)];

approx::assert_abs_diff_eq!(a, b, epsilon=0.1);
approx::assert_abs_diff_ne!(a, b, epsilon=0.001);

Used for specifying relative comparisons.

The default tolerance to use when testing values that are close together. Read more

The inverse of [AbsDiffEq::abs_diff_eq].

Note. The implementation handles polygons whose holes do not all have the same orientation. The sign of the output is the same as that of the exterior shell.

Clip a 1-D geometry with self. Read more

Return the BoundingRect for a Polygon

create a new geometry with the Chaikin smoothing being applied n_iterations times. Read more

Returns a copy of the value. Read more

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more

Find the closest point between self and p.

Return the number of coordinates in the Polygon.

Iterate over all exterior and (if any) interior coordinates of a geometry. Read more

Iterate over all exterior coordinates of a geometry. Read more

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more

Returns the distance between two geometries Read more

Polygon to LineString distance

Returns the distance between two geometries Read more

Minimum distance from a Polygon to a Point

Returns the distance between two geometries Read more

LineString to Polygon

Returns the distance between two geometries Read more

Minimum distance from a Point to a Polygon

This implementation has a “fast path” in cases where both input polygons are convex: it switches to an implementation of the “rotating calipers” method described in Pirzadeh (1999), pp24—30, which is approximately an order of magnitude faster than the standard method.

Converts to this type from the input type.

Converts to this type from the input type.

Converts to this type from the input type.

Some geometries, like a MultiPoint, can have zero coordinates - we call these empty. Read more

The dimensions of some geometries are fixed, e.g. a Point always has 0 dimensions. However for others, the dimensionality depends on the specific geometry instance - for example typical Rects are 2-dimensional, but it’s possible to create degenerate Rects which have either 1 or 0 dimensions. Read more

The dimensions of the Geometry’s boundary, as used by OGC-SFA. Read more

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more

Calculates a representative point inside the Geometry Read more

Iterate over all exterior and (if any) interior lines of a geometry. Read more

Apply a function to all the coordinates in a geometric object, returning a new object. Read more

Map a fallible function over all the coordinates in a geometry, returning a Result Read more

Apply a function to all the coordinates in a geometric object, in place Read more

Map a fallible function over all the coordinates in a geometry, in place, returning a Result. Read more

👎Deprecated since 0.21.0:

use MapCoordsInPlace::map_coords_in_place instead which takes a Coordinate instead of an (x,y) tuple

Apply a function to all the coordinates in a geometric object, in place

Examples
#[allow(deprecated)]
use geo::MapCoordsInplace;
use geo::Point;
use approx::assert_relative_eq;

let mut p = Point::new(10., 20.);
#[allow(deprecated)]
p.map_coords_inplace(|(x, y)| (x + 1000., y * 2.));

assert_relative_eq!(p, Point::new(1010., 40.), epsilon = 1e-6);

Orients a Polygon’s exterior and interior rings according to convention Read more

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==. Read more

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason. Read more

The object’s envelope type. Usually, AABB will be the right choice. This type also defines the object’s dimensionality. Read more

Returns the object’s envelope. Read more

Equality assertion within a relative limit.

Examples
use geo_types::{Polygon, polygon};

let a: Polygon<f32> = polygon![(x: 0., y: 0.), (x: 5., y: 0.), (x: 7., y: 9.), (x: 0., y: 0.)];
let b: Polygon<f32> = polygon![(x: 0., y: 0.), (x: 5., y: 0.), (x: 7.01, y: 9.), (x: 0., y: 0.)];

approx::assert_relative_eq!(a, b, max_relative=0.1);
approx::assert_relative_ne!(a, b, max_relative=0.001);

The default relative tolerance for testing values that are far-apart. Read more

The inverse of [RelativeEq::relative_eq].

Returns the simplified representation of a geometry, using the Ramer–Douglas–Peucker algorithm Read more

Returns the simplified representation of a geometry, using the Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm Read more

Returns the simplified representation of a geometry, using a topology-preserving variant of the Visvalingam-Whyatt algorithm. Read more

Convert a Geometry enum into its inner type.

Fails if the enum case does not match the type you are trying to convert it to.

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

Performs the conversion.

👎Deprecated since 0.21.0:

use MapCoords::try_map_coords which takes a Coordinate instead of an (x,y) tuple

👎Deprecated since 0.21.0:

use MapCoords::try_map_coords which takes a Coordinate instead of an (x,y) tuple

Map a fallible function over all the coordinates in a geometry, returning a Result Read more

👎Deprecated since 0.21.0:

use MapCoordsInPlace::try_map_coords_in_place which takes a Coordinate instead of an (x,y) tuple

Map a fallible function over all the coordinates in a geometry, in place, returning a Result. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations

Blanket Implementations

Apply transform immutably, outputting a new geometry.

Apply transform to mutate self.

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more

Returns the argument unchanged.

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

Rotate a geometry around its centroid by an angle, in degrees Read more

Mutable version of Self::rotate_around_centroid

Rotate a geometry around the center of its bounding box by an angle, in degrees. Read more

Mutable version of Self::rotate_around_center

Rotate a Geometry around an arbitrary point by an angle, given in degrees Read more

Mutable version of Self::rotate_around_point

Scale a geometry from it’s bounding box center. Read more

Mutable version of scale

Scale a geometry from it’s bounding box center, using different values for x_factor and y_factor to distort the geometry’s aspect ratio. Read more

Mutable version of scale_xy.

Scale a geometry around a point of origin. Read more

Mutable version of scale_around_point.

An affine transformation which skews a geometry, sheared by a uniform angle along the x and y dimensions. Read more

Mutable version of skew.

An affine transformation which skews a geometry, sheared by an angle along the x and y dimensions. Read more

Mutable version of skew_xy.

An affine transformation which skews a geometry around a point of origin, sheared by an angle along the x and y dimensions. Read more

Mutable version of skew_around_point.

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more

Translate a Geometry along its axes by the given offsets Read more

Translate a Geometry along its axes, but in place.

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

Performs the conversion.

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

Performs the conversion.