fresh/services/lsp/

async_handler.rs

//! Async LSP Client using Tokio
//!
//! This module implements an asynchronous LSP client that:
//! - Runs in a separate Tokio task
//! - Uses tokio::process for async process I/O
//! - Sends notifications to main loop via AsyncBridge
//! - Handles LSP notifications asynchronously (diagnostics, etc.)
//!
//! Architecture:
//! - LspTask: Async task that manages LSP process and I/O
//! - LspHandle: Sync handle that can send commands to the task
//! - Uses tokio channels for command/response communication

use crate::services::async_bridge::{
    AsyncBridge, AsyncMessage, LspMessageType, LspProgressValue, LspSemanticTokensResponse,
    LspServerStatus,
};
use crate::services::process_limits::ProcessLimits;
use lsp_types::{
    notification::{
        DidChangeTextDocument, DidCloseTextDocument, DidOpenTextDocument, DidSaveTextDocument,
        Initialized, Notification, PublishDiagnostics,
    },
    request::{Initialize, Request},
    ClientCapabilities, DidChangeTextDocumentParams, DidCloseTextDocumentParams,
    DidOpenTextDocumentParams, DidSaveTextDocumentParams, InitializeParams, InitializeResult,
    InitializedParams, PartialResultParams, Position, PublishDiagnosticsParams, Range,
    SemanticTokenModifier, SemanticTokenType, SemanticTokensClientCapabilities,
    SemanticTokensClientCapabilitiesRequests, SemanticTokensFullOptions, SemanticTokensParams,
    SemanticTokensResult, SemanticTokensServerCapabilities, ServerCapabilities,
    TextDocumentContentChangeEvent, TextDocumentIdentifier, TextDocumentItem,
    TextDocumentPositionParams, TokenFormat, Uri, VersionedTextDocumentIdentifier,
    WindowClientCapabilities, WorkDoneProgressParams, WorkspaceFolder,
};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::Value;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicI64, Ordering};
use std::sync::{mpsc as std_mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader};
use tokio::process::{ChildStdin, ChildStdout};
use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};

/// Maps an in-flight LSP request id to the request method and the channel
/// awaiting its response. The method is retained so error responses can be
/// classified per-method (see `log_response_error`).
type PendingRequests = Arc<Mutex<HashMap<i64, (String, oneshot::Sender<Result<Value, String>>)>>>;

/// Grace period after didOpen before sending didChange (in milliseconds)
/// This gives the LSP server time to process didOpen before receiving changes
const DID_OPEN_GRACE_PERIOD_MS: u64 = 200;

/// Default per-request timeout. After this elapses with no response, the
/// request is cancelled (`$/cancelRequest`), the pending oneshot is dropped,
/// and an empty/error response is shipped to the editor. Prevents a
/// misbehaving server (e.g. one that advertises a capability but never
/// answers) from leaving features wedged in their loading state forever.
const DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 30_000;

/// LSP error codes that should not surface as user-visible warnings.
///
/// From [LSP 3.17 specification](https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specifications/lsp/3.17/specification/):
/// - ContentModified (-32801): "If clients receive a ContentModified error,
///   it generally should not show it in the UI for the end-user."
/// - ServerCancelled (-32802): Server cancelled the request (e.g. due to newer request).
///
/// These are expected during normal editing and all major editors (VS Code,
/// Neovim) suppress them.
///
/// Other JSON-RPC errors — including MethodNotFound (-32601) — are NOT
/// suppressed: we want genuine protocol mismatches to surface so they can
/// be diagnosed. The correct way to avoid MethodNotFound is to check the
/// server's advertised capabilities before sending the request.
const LSP_ERROR_CONTENT_MODIFIED: i64 = -32801;
const LSP_ERROR_SERVER_CANCELLED: i64 = -32802;

/// RequestFailed (-32803): "A request failed but it was syntactically correct."
/// The spec wants informational requests (hover, completion, ...) to answer
/// "nothing here" with a `null` result, but several servers return this error
/// instead — e.g. asm-lsp replies with `-32803 "No information available"` when
/// hovering a label or macro that isn't a documented opcode/register
/// (sinelaw/fresh#2296). For those read-only methods a failure just means "no
/// info for this position", so it's logged at debug. For methods where a
/// failure is actionable (formatting, rename, ...) it still warns.
const LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED: i64 = -32803;

/// Methods where "the server couldn't produce a result" is a normal, expected
/// outcome rather than a bug — a `null` result or a soft `RequestFailed` simply
/// means there is nothing to show at the requested position.
fn is_informational_method(method: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        method,
        "textDocument/hover"
            | "textDocument/completion"
            | "textDocument/signatureHelp"
            | "textDocument/definition"
            | "textDocument/declaration"
            | "textDocument/typeDefinition"
            | "textDocument/implementation"
            | "textDocument/references"
            | "textDocument/documentHighlight"
            | "textDocument/documentSymbol"
            | "textDocument/inlayHint"
            | "textDocument/foldingRange"
    )
}

/// Whether a JSON-RPC error response should be logged at debug rather than warn.
/// See `LSP_ERROR_*` constants above for the rationale behind each suppressed code.
fn is_suppressed_error_code(code: i64) -> bool {
    code == LSP_ERROR_CONTENT_MODIFIED || code == LSP_ERROR_SERVER_CANCELLED
}

/// Whether an error response for `method` with `code` should be downgraded from
/// warn to debug. Extends `is_suppressed_error_code` with a method-aware rule:
/// a `RequestFailed` from an informational request (see `is_informational_method`)
/// is a routine "no result here", not server misbehaviour.
fn is_suppressed_response_error(code: i64, method: &str) -> bool {
    is_suppressed_error_code(code)
        || (code == LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED && is_informational_method(method))
}

/// Log an LSP JSON-RPC error response at the appropriate level.
///
/// Suppressed errors (see `is_suppressed_response_error`) emit a debug record;
/// every other error emits a warning so genuine server misbehaviour stays
/// visible. `method` is the originating request method (e.g. `textDocument/hover`).
fn log_response_error(code: i64, message: &str, server_name: &str, language: &str, method: &str) {
    if is_suppressed_response_error(code, method) {
        tracing::debug!(
            "LSP response from '{}' ({}) for {}: {} (code {}), discarding",
            server_name,
            language,
            method,
            message,
            code
        );
    } else {
        tracing::warn!(
            "LSP response error from '{}' ({}) for {}: {} (code {})",
            server_name,
            language,
            method,
            message,
            code
        );
    }
}

/// Check if a document is already open and should skip didOpen.
/// Returns true if the document is already open (should skip), false if it should proceed.
fn should_skip_did_open(
    document_versions: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,
    path: &PathBuf,
    language: &str,
    uri: &Uri,
) -> bool {
    if document_versions.lock().unwrap().contains_key(path) {
        tracing::debug!(
            "LSP ({}): skipping didOpen - document already open: {}",
            language,
            uri.as_str()
        );
        true
    } else {
        false
    }
}

/// A JSON-RPC message
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum JsonRpcMessage {
    Request(JsonRpcRequest),
    Response(JsonRpcResponse),
    Notification(JsonRpcNotification),
}

/// A JSON-RPC request/response id.
///
/// The LSP base protocol types ids as `integer | string`, and that distinction
/// is not academic: servers built on Eclipse LSP4J (jdtls, the Groovy/Kotlin
/// language servers, lemminx, …) send *string* ids for the requests they
/// initiate, such as `client/registerCapability`. Modelling the id as a plain
/// `i64` made those requests fail to deserialize as `Request` and — because
/// `JsonRpcMessage` is `#[serde(untagged)]` — silently fall through to
/// `Notification`, which ignores the stray `id`. The dynamic-capability handler
/// therefore never ran, jdtls's dynamically-registered `textDocument/completion`
/// (and hover, etc.) stayed gated off, and the request was never even
/// acknowledged (sinelaw/fresh#2340).
///
/// `Number` is listed first so numeric ids round-trip as integers; a JSON
/// string id only matches `Str`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(untagged)]
pub enum JsonRpcId {
    Number(i64),
    Str(String),
}

impl JsonRpcId {
    /// The id as an `i64`, when it is numeric. Fresh only ever issues numeric
    /// ids for its own outgoing requests, so response correlation keys on this;
    /// a string id can only have come from a server-initiated request.
    fn as_i64(&self) -> Option<i64> {
        match self {
            JsonRpcId::Number(n) => Some(*n),
            JsonRpcId::Str(_) => None,
        }
    }
}

impl From<i64> for JsonRpcId {
    fn from(n: i64) -> Self {
        JsonRpcId::Number(n)
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Display for JsonRpcId {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            JsonRpcId::Number(n) => write!(f, "{}", n),
            JsonRpcId::Str(s) => write!(f, "{}", s),
        }
    }
}

/// A JSON-RPC request
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct JsonRpcRequest {
    pub jsonrpc: String,
    pub id: JsonRpcId,
    pub method: String,
    pub params: Option<Value>,
}

/// A JSON-RPC response
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct JsonRpcResponse {
    pub jsonrpc: String,
    pub id: JsonRpcId,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub result: Option<Value>,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub error: Option<JsonRpcError>,
}

/// A JSON-RPC notification (no response expected)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct JsonRpcNotification {
    pub jsonrpc: String,
    pub method: String,
    pub params: Option<Value>,
}

/// A JSON-RPC error
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct JsonRpcError {
    pub code: i64,
    pub message: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub data: Option<Value>,
}

/// LSP client state machine
///
/// Tracks the lifecycle of the LSP client connection with proper state transitions.
/// This prevents invalid operations (e.g., can't initialize twice, can't send requests when stopped).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum LspClientState {
    /// Initial state before spawning
    Initial,
    /// Process spawning in progress
    Starting,
    /// Initialize request sent, waiting for response
    Initializing,
    /// Initialized and ready for requests
    Running,
    /// Shutdown in progress
    Stopping,
    /// Cleanly stopped
    Stopped,
    /// Failed or crashed
    Error,
}

impl LspClientState {
    /// Check if this state can transition to another state
    pub fn can_transition_to(&self, next: LspClientState) -> bool {
        use LspClientState::*;
        match (self, next) {
            // From Initial, can only start
            (Initial, Starting) => true,
            // From Starting, can initialize or error
            (Starting, Initializing) | (Starting, Error) => true,
            // From Initializing, can become running or error
            (Initializing, Running) | (Initializing, Error) => true,
            // From Running, can stop or error
            (Running, Stopping) | (Running, Error) => true,
            // From Stopping, can become stopped or error
            (Stopping, Stopped) | (Stopping, Error) => true,
            // From Stopped, can restart
            (Stopped, Starting) => true,
            // From Error, can be cleanly shut down or restarted.
            // Shutdown from Error is reachable when initialization
            // fails or the server crashes — see #1797.
            (Error, Stopping) | (Error, Starting) => true,
            // Any state can become error
            (_, Error) => true,
            // Same state is always valid (no-op)
            (a, b) if *a == b => true,
            // All other transitions are invalid
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Transition to a new state, returning error if invalid
    pub fn transition_to(&mut self, next: LspClientState) -> Result<(), String> {
        if self.can_transition_to(next) {
            *self = next;
            Ok(())
        } else {
            Err(format!(
                "Invalid state transition from {:?} to {:?}",
                self, next
            ))
        }
    }

    /// Check if the client is ready to send requests
    pub fn can_send_requests(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Running)
    }

    /// Check if the client can accept initialization
    pub fn can_initialize(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Self::Initial | Self::Starting | Self::Stopped)
    }

    /// Convert to LspServerStatus for UI reporting
    pub fn to_server_status(&self) -> LspServerStatus {
        match self {
            Self::Initial => LspServerStatus::Starting,
            Self::Starting => LspServerStatus::Starting,
            Self::Initializing => LspServerStatus::Initializing,
            Self::Running => LspServerStatus::Running,
            Self::Stopping => LspServerStatus::Shutdown,
            Self::Stopped => LspServerStatus::Shutdown,
            Self::Error => LspServerStatus::Error,
        }
    }
}

/// Create common LSP client capabilities with workDoneProgress support
fn create_client_capabilities() -> ClientCapabilities {
    use lsp_types::{
        CodeActionClientCapabilities, CodeActionKindLiteralSupport, CodeActionLiteralSupport,
        CompletionClientCapabilities, DiagnosticClientCapabilities, DiagnosticTag,
        DiagnosticWorkspaceClientCapabilities, DocumentFormattingClientCapabilities,
        DocumentHighlightClientCapabilities, DocumentRangeFormattingClientCapabilities,
        DocumentSymbolClientCapabilities, DynamicRegistrationClientCapabilities,
        FoldingRangeCapability, FoldingRangeClientCapabilities, FoldingRangeKind,
        FoldingRangeKindCapability, GeneralClientCapabilities, GotoCapability,
        HoverClientCapabilities, InlayHintClientCapabilities, InlayHintWorkspaceClientCapabilities,
        MarkupKind, PublishDiagnosticsClientCapabilities, RenameClientCapabilities,
        SemanticTokensWorkspaceClientCapabilities, SignatureHelpClientCapabilities, TagSupport,
        TextDocumentClientCapabilities, TextDocumentSyncClientCapabilities,
        WorkspaceClientCapabilities, WorkspaceEditClientCapabilities,
        WorkspaceSymbolClientCapabilities,
    };

    ClientCapabilities {
        window: Some(WindowClientCapabilities {
            work_done_progress: Some(true),
            ..Default::default()
        }),
        workspace: Some(WorkspaceClientCapabilities {
            apply_edit: Some(true),
            workspace_edit: Some(WorkspaceEditClientCapabilities {
                document_changes: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            workspace_folders: Some(true),
            // Advertise support for server-initiated `workspace/configuration`
            // pulls. Servers like pyright gate features on this: without it
            // they never ask the client for settings and silently fall back
            // to their defaults — e.g. pyright's inlay hints default OFF, so
            // no type/parameter hints are ever produced. We answer these
            // pulls in `resolve_workspace_configuration`, sourcing the
            // requested section from each server's `initialization_options`.
            configuration: Some(true),
            // Accept dynamically-registered workspace-symbol providers. We
            // apply `client/registerCapability` (see handler), so servers that
            // register `workspace/symbol` after `initialize` get the feature.
            symbol: Some(WorkspaceSymbolClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            // Accept server-driven diagnostic refreshes. We handle
            // `workspace/diagnostic/refresh` (re-pulling diagnostics for all
            // open docs), but servers only send it when the client advertises
            // refresh support — e.g. rust-analyzer fires it once indexing
            // finishes, which is when the first real diagnostics exist.
            diagnostic: Some(DiagnosticWorkspaceClientCapabilities {
                refresh_support: Some(true),
            }),
            // Accept server-driven inlay-hint and semantic-token refreshes.
            // These fire when the server learns something later that changes a
            // file the user never edited (e.g. cross-file type inference), so
            // it isn't otherwise re-pulled. We handle them by re-pulling for
            // all open docs of the language; servers only send them because we
            // advertise refresh support here (sinelaw/fresh#2195 §2).
            inlay_hint: Some(InlayHintWorkspaceClientCapabilities {
                refresh_support: Some(true),
            }),
            semantic_tokens: Some(SemanticTokensWorkspaceClientCapabilities {
                refresh_support: Some(true),
            }),
            ..Default::default()
        }),
        text_document: Some(TextDocumentClientCapabilities {
            synchronization: Some(TextDocumentSyncClientCapabilities {
                did_save: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            // `dynamicRegistration: true` on every capability we actually
            // honor: many servers advertise little statically in `initialize`
            // and register providers afterwards via `client/registerCapability`
            // (which we now apply). Without the flag a spec-compliant server is
            // entitled to never register the provider. See sinelaw/fresh#2195.
            completion: Some(CompletionClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            hover: Some(HoverClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                content_format: Some(vec![MarkupKind::Markdown, MarkupKind::PlainText]),
            }),
            signature_help: Some(SignatureHelpClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            definition: Some(GotoCapability {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                link_support: Some(true),
            }),
            references: Some(DynamicRegistrationClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
            }),
            document_highlight: Some(DocumentHighlightClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
            }),
            document_symbol: Some(DocumentSymbolClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            formatting: Some(DocumentFormattingClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
            }),
            range_formatting: Some(DocumentRangeFormattingClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
            }),
            code_action: Some(CodeActionClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                // Without `codeActionLiteralSupport`, rust-analyzer (and
                // servers that follow the same spec branch) returns `null`
                // for `textDocument/codeAction` whenever the action would be
                // a `WorkspaceEdit`-based assist — e.g. "Fill struct fields"
                // — because it cannot represent it as the `Command`-only
                // fallback the spec falls back to.  See sinelaw/fresh#1915.
                code_action_literal_support: Some(CodeActionLiteralSupport {
                    code_action_kind: CodeActionKindLiteralSupport {
                        value_set: vec![
                            String::new(),
                            "quickfix".to_string(),
                            "refactor".to_string(),
                            "refactor.extract".to_string(),
                            "refactor.inline".to_string(),
                            "refactor.rewrite".to_string(),
                            "source".to_string(),
                            "source.organizeImports".to_string(),
                        ],
                    },
                }),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            rename: Some(RenameClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                prepare_support: Some(true),
                honors_change_annotations: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            publish_diagnostics: Some(PublishDiagnosticsClientCapabilities {
                related_information: Some(true),
                tag_support: Some(TagSupport {
                    value_set: vec![DiagnosticTag::UNNECESSARY, DiagnosticTag::DEPRECATED],
                }),
                version_support: Some(true),
                code_description_support: Some(true),
                data_support: Some(true),
            }),
            inlay_hint: Some(InlayHintClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            diagnostic: Some(DiagnosticClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            folding_range: Some(FoldingRangeClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                line_folding_only: Some(true),
                folding_range_kind: Some(FoldingRangeKindCapability {
                    value_set: Some(vec![
                        FoldingRangeKind::Comment,
                        FoldingRangeKind::Imports,
                        FoldingRangeKind::Region,
                    ]),
                }),
                folding_range: Some(FoldingRangeCapability {
                    collapsed_text: Some(true),
                }),
                ..Default::default()
            }),
            semantic_tokens: Some(SemanticTokensClientCapabilities {
                dynamic_registration: Some(true),
                requests: SemanticTokensClientCapabilitiesRequests {
                    range: Some(true),
                    full: Some(SemanticTokensFullOptions::Delta { delta: Some(true) }),
                },
                token_types: vec![
                    SemanticTokenType::NAMESPACE,
                    SemanticTokenType::TYPE,
                    SemanticTokenType::CLASS,
                    SemanticTokenType::ENUM,
                    SemanticTokenType::INTERFACE,
                    SemanticTokenType::STRUCT,
                    SemanticTokenType::TYPE_PARAMETER,
                    SemanticTokenType::PARAMETER,
                    SemanticTokenType::VARIABLE,
                    SemanticTokenType::PROPERTY,
                    SemanticTokenType::ENUM_MEMBER,
                    SemanticTokenType::EVENT,
                    SemanticTokenType::FUNCTION,
                    SemanticTokenType::METHOD,
                    SemanticTokenType::MACRO,
                    SemanticTokenType::KEYWORD,
                    SemanticTokenType::MODIFIER,
                    SemanticTokenType::COMMENT,
                    SemanticTokenType::STRING,
                    SemanticTokenType::NUMBER,
                    SemanticTokenType::REGEXP,
                    SemanticTokenType::OPERATOR,
                    SemanticTokenType::DECORATOR,
                ],
                token_modifiers: vec![
                    SemanticTokenModifier::DECLARATION,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::DEFINITION,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::READONLY,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::STATIC,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::DEPRECATED,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::ABSTRACT,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::ASYNC,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::MODIFICATION,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::DOCUMENTATION,
                    SemanticTokenModifier::DEFAULT_LIBRARY,
                ],
                formats: vec![TokenFormat::RELATIVE],
                overlapping_token_support: Some(true),
                multiline_token_support: Some(true),
                server_cancel_support: Some(true),
                augments_syntax_tokens: Some(true),
            }),
            ..Default::default()
        }),
        general: Some(GeneralClientCapabilities {
            ..Default::default()
        }),
        // Enable rust-analyzer experimental features
        experimental: Some(serde_json::json!({
            "serverStatusNotification": true
        })),
        ..Default::default()
    }
}

use crate::services::lsp::manager::ServerCapabilitySummary;

/// Extract a complete capability summary from the server's initialize response.
///
/// Follows the LSP 3.17 specification for each capability field:
/// - `boolean | XxxOptions` → true if `true` or options present
/// - Options-only fields (e.g. completionProvider) → true if present
fn extract_capability_summary(caps: &ServerCapabilities) -> ServerCapabilitySummary {
    let (sem_legend, sem_full, sem_full_delta, sem_range) = caps
        .semantic_tokens_provider
        .as_ref()
        .map(|provider| {
            let (legend, full_opt) = match provider {
                SemanticTokensServerCapabilities::SemanticTokensOptions(o) => {
                    (o.legend.clone(), &o.full)
                }
                SemanticTokensServerCapabilities::SemanticTokensRegistrationOptions(o) => (
                    o.semantic_tokens_options.legend.clone(),
                    &o.semantic_tokens_options.full,
                ),
            };
            let range = match provider {
                SemanticTokensServerCapabilities::SemanticTokensOptions(o) => {
                    o.range.unwrap_or(false)
                }
                SemanticTokensServerCapabilities::SemanticTokensRegistrationOptions(o) => {
                    o.semantic_tokens_options.range.unwrap_or(false)
                }
            };
            let full = match full_opt {
                Some(SemanticTokensFullOptions::Bool(v)) => *v,
                Some(SemanticTokensFullOptions::Delta { .. }) => true,
                None => false,
            };
            let delta = match full_opt {
                Some(SemanticTokensFullOptions::Delta { delta }) => delta.unwrap_or(false),
                _ => false,
            };
            (Some(legend), full, delta, range)
        })
        .unwrap_or((None, false, false, false));

    ServerCapabilitySummary {
        initialized: false, // set to true by set_server_capabilities
        hover: bool_or_options(&caps.hover_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::HoverProviderCapability::Simple(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::HoverProviderCapability::Options(_) => true,
        }),
        completion: caps.completion_provider.is_some(),
        completion_resolve: caps
            .completion_provider
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|cp| cp.resolve_provider)
            .unwrap_or(false),
        completion_trigger_characters: caps
            .completion_provider
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|cp| cp.trigger_characters.clone())
            .unwrap_or_default(),
        definition: bool_or_options(&caps.definition_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        references: bool_or_options(&caps.references_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        document_formatting: bool_or_options(&caps.document_formatting_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        document_range_formatting: bool_or_options(&caps.document_range_formatting_provider, |p| {
            match p {
                lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
                lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
            }
        }),
        rename: bool_or_options(&caps.rename_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        signature_help: caps.signature_help_provider.is_some(),
        inlay_hints: bool_or_options(&caps.inlay_hint_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        folding_ranges: bool_or_options(&caps.folding_range_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::FoldingRangeProviderCapability::Simple(v) => *v,
            _ => true,
        }),
        semantic_tokens_full: sem_full,
        semantic_tokens_full_delta: sem_full_delta,
        semantic_tokens_range: sem_range,
        semantic_tokens_legend: sem_legend,
        document_highlight: bool_or_options(&caps.document_highlight_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        code_action: bool_or_options(&caps.code_action_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::CodeActionProviderCapability::Simple(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::CodeActionProviderCapability::Options(_) => true,
        }),
        code_action_resolve: caps.code_action_provider.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| match p {
            lsp_types::CodeActionProviderCapability::Options(opts) => {
                opts.resolve_provider.unwrap_or(false)
            }
            _ => false,
        }),
        document_symbols: bool_or_options(&caps.document_symbol_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        workspace_symbols: bool_or_options(&caps.workspace_symbol_provider, |p| match p {
            lsp_types::OneOf::Left(v) => *v,
            lsp_types::OneOf::Right(_) => true,
        }),
        diagnostics: caps.diagnostic_provider.is_some(),
    }
}

/// Helper: check an `Option<T>` capability field using a predicate.
fn bool_or_options<T>(opt: &Option<T>, check: impl FnOnce(&T) -> bool) -> bool {
    opt.as_ref().is_some_and(check)
}

/// Commands sent from the main loop to the LSP task
#[derive(Debug)]
enum LspCommand {
    /// Initialize the server
    Initialize {
        root_uri: Option<Uri>,
        initialization_options: Option<Value>,
        response: oneshot::Sender<Result<InitializeResult, String>>,
    },

    /// Notify document opened
    DidOpen {
        uri: Uri,
        text: String,
        language_id: String,
    },

    /// Notify document changed
    DidChange {
        uri: Uri,
        content_changes: Vec<TextDocumentContentChangeEvent>,
    },

    /// Notify document closed
    DidClose { uri: Uri },

    /// Notify document saved
    DidSave { uri: Uri, text: Option<String> },

    /// Notify workspace folders changed
    DidChangeWorkspaceFolders {
        added: Vec<lsp_types::WorkspaceFolder>,
        removed: Vec<lsp_types::WorkspaceFolder>,
    },

    /// Request completion at position
    Completion {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    },

    /// Request go-to-definition
    GotoDefinition {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    },

    /// Request rename
    Rename {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        new_name: String,
    },

    /// Request hover documentation
    Hover {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    },

    /// Request find references
    References {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    },

    /// Request signature help
    SignatureHelp {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    },

    /// Request code actions
    CodeActions {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        diagnostics: Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>,
    },

    /// Request document diagnostics (pull model)
    DocumentDiagnostic {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        /// Previous result_id for incremental updates (None for full refresh)
        previous_result_id: Option<String>,
    },

    /// Request inlay hints for a range (LSP 3.17+)
    InlayHints {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        /// Range to get hints for (typically viewport)
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
    },

    /// Request folding ranges for a document
    FoldingRange { request_id: u64, uri: Uri },

    /// Request semantic tokens for the entire document
    SemanticTokensFull { request_id: u64, uri: Uri },

    /// Request semantic tokens delta for the entire document
    SemanticTokensFullDelta {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        previous_result_id: String,
    },

    /// Request semantic tokens for a range
    SemanticTokensRange {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        range: lsp_types::Range,
    },

    /// Execute a command on the server (workspace/executeCommand)
    ExecuteCommand {
        command: String,
        arguments: Option<Vec<Value>>,
    },

    /// Resolve a code action to get full edit/command details (codeAction/resolve)
    CodeActionResolve {
        request_id: u64,
        action: Box<lsp_types::CodeAction>,
    },

    /// Resolve a completion item to get full details (completionItem/resolve)
    CompletionResolve {
        request_id: u64,
        item: Box<lsp_types::CompletionItem>,
    },

    /// Format a document (textDocument/formatting)
    DocumentFormatting {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        tab_size: u32,
        insert_spaces: bool,
    },

    /// Format a range in a document (textDocument/rangeFormatting)
    DocumentRangeFormatting {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        tab_size: u32,
        insert_spaces: bool,
    },

    /// Prepare rename — validate rename at position (textDocument/prepareRename)
    PrepareRename {
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    },

    /// Cancel a pending request
    CancelRequest {
        /// Editor's request ID to cancel
        request_id: u64,
    },

    /// Custom request initiated by a plugin
    PluginRequest {
        request_id: u64,
        method: String,
        params: Option<Value>,
    },

    /// Shutdown the server
    Shutdown,
}

/// Mutable state for LSP command processing.
///
/// All mutable fields use interior mutability (Arc/atomics) so this struct
/// is cheaply Cloneable and request handlers can be spawned onto independent
/// tokio tasks. That way one stuck request to a server can't block other
/// requests or notifications going to the same server (issue #1679).
#[derive(Clone)]
struct LspState {
    /// Stdin for sending messages (shared with stdout reader for server responses)
    stdin: Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<ChildStdin>>,

    /// Next request ID
    next_id: Arc<AtomicI64>,

    /// Server capabilities
    capabilities: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<ServerCapabilities>>>,

    /// Document versions (shared with stdout reader for stale diagnostic filtering)
    document_versions: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,

    /// Track when didOpen was sent for each document to avoid race with didChange
    /// The LSP server needs time to process didOpen before it can handle didChange
    pending_opens: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, Instant>>>,

    /// Whether initialized
    initialized: Arc<AtomicBool>,

    /// Sender for async messages to main loop
    async_tx: std_mpsc::Sender<AsyncMessage>,

    /// Language ID (for error reporting)
    language: Arc<String>,

    /// Server name (for multi-server status tracking)
    server_name: Arc<String>,

    /// Mapping from editor request_id to LSP JSON-RPC id for cancellation
    /// Key: editor request_id, Value: LSP JSON-RPC id
    active_requests: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<u64, i64>>>,

    /// Extension-to-languageId overrides for textDocument/didOpen
    language_id_overrides: Arc<HashMap<String, String>>,
}

// Channel sends (`async_tx.send()`) throughout LspState are best-effort: if the receiver
// (main editor loop) has been dropped, the editor is shutting down and there is nothing
// to do with the error. Handler method results (`handle_*`) are similarly safe to discard
// since errors are already logged within those methods. State transitions in error-handling
// paths are secondary to the actual error being handled.
#[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)]
impl LspState {
    /// Replay pending commands that were queued before initialization
    async fn replay_pending_commands(&self, commands: Vec<LspCommand>, pending: &PendingRequests) {
        if commands.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        tracing::info!(
            "Replaying {} pending commands after initialization",
            commands.len()
        );
        for cmd in commands {
            match cmd {
                LspCommand::DidOpen {
                    uri,
                    text,
                    language_id,
                } => {
                    tracing::info!("Replaying DidOpen for {}", uri.as_str());
                    let _ = self
                        .handle_did_open_sequential(uri, text, language_id, pending)
                        .await;
                }
                LspCommand::DidChange {
                    uri,
                    content_changes,
                } => {
                    tracing::info!("Replaying DidChange for {}", uri.as_str());
                    let _ = self
                        .handle_did_change_sequential(uri, content_changes, pending)
                        .await;
                }
                LspCommand::DidClose { uri } => {
                    tracing::info!("Replaying DidClose for {}", uri.as_str());
                    let _ = self.handle_did_close(uri).await;
                }
                LspCommand::DidSave { uri, text } => {
                    tracing::info!("Replaying DidSave for {}", uri.as_str());
                    let _ = self.handle_did_save(uri, text).await;
                }
                LspCommand::DidChangeWorkspaceFolders { added, removed } => {
                    tracing::info!(
                        "Replaying DidChangeWorkspaceFolders: +{} -{}",
                        added.len(),
                        removed.len()
                    );
                    let _ = self
                        .send_notification::<lsp_types::notification::DidChangeWorkspaceFolders>(
                            lsp_types::DidChangeWorkspaceFoldersParams {
                                event: lsp_types::WorkspaceFoldersChangeEvent { added, removed },
                            },
                        )
                        .await;
                }
                LspCommand::SemanticTokensFull { request_id, uri } => {
                    tracing::info!("Replaying semantic tokens request for {}", uri.as_str());
                    let s = self.clone();
                    let p = pending.clone();
                    tokio::spawn(async move {
                        let _ = s.handle_semantic_tokens_full(request_id, uri, &p).await;
                    });
                }
                LspCommand::SemanticTokensFullDelta {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    previous_result_id,
                } => {
                    tracing::info!(
                        "Replaying semantic tokens delta request for {}",
                        uri.as_str()
                    );
                    let s = self.clone();
                    let p = pending.clone();
                    tokio::spawn(async move {
                        let _ = s
                            .handle_semantic_tokens_full_delta(
                                request_id,
                                uri,
                                previous_result_id,
                                &p,
                            )
                            .await;
                    });
                }
                LspCommand::SemanticTokensRange {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    range,
                } => {
                    tracing::info!(
                        "Replaying semantic tokens range request for {}",
                        uri.as_str()
                    );
                    let s = self.clone();
                    let p = pending.clone();
                    tokio::spawn(async move {
                        let _ = s
                            .handle_semantic_tokens_range(request_id, uri, range, &p)
                            .await;
                    });
                }
                LspCommand::FoldingRange { request_id, uri } => {
                    tracing::info!("Replaying folding range request for {}", uri.as_str());
                    let s = self.clone();
                    let p = pending.clone();
                    tokio::spawn(async move {
                        let _ = s.handle_folding_ranges(request_id, uri, &p).await;
                    });
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    }

    /// Write a message to stdin
    async fn write_message<T: Serialize>(&self, message: &T) -> Result<(), String> {
        let json =
            serde_json::to_string(message).map_err(|e| format!("Serialization error: {}", e))?;

        let content = format!("Content-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}", json.len(), json);

        tracing::trace!("Writing LSP message to stdin ({} bytes)", content.len());

        let mut stdin = self.stdin.lock().await;
        stdin
            .write_all(content.as_bytes())
            .await
            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write to stdin: {}", e))?;

        stdin
            .flush()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to flush stdin: {}", e))?;

        tracing::trace!("Successfully sent LSP message");

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Send a notification using lsp-types Notification trait (type-safe)
    async fn send_notification<N>(&self, params: N::Params) -> Result<(), String>
    where
        N: Notification,
    {
        let notification = JsonRpcNotification {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            method: N::METHOD.to_string(),
            params: Some(
                serde_json::to_value(params)
                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize params: {}", e))?,
            ),
        };

        self.write_message(&notification).await
    }

    /// Send request using shared pending map (default per-request timeout).
    async fn send_request_sequential<P: Serialize, R: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
        &self,
        method: &str,
        params: Option<P>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<R, String> {
        self.send_request_with_timeout(
            method,
            params,
            pending,
            None,
            Duration::from_millis(DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS),
        )
        .await
    }

    /// Send request using shared pending map with optional editor request tracking
    async fn send_request_sequential_tracked<P: Serialize, R: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
        &self,
        method: &str,
        params: Option<P>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
        editor_request_id: Option<u64>,
    ) -> Result<R, String> {
        self.send_request_with_timeout(
            method,
            params,
            pending,
            editor_request_id,
            Duration::from_millis(DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS),
        )
        .await
    }

    /// Send a request, awaiting the response with a per-request timeout.
    ///
    /// On timeout: drops the pending oneshot, sends `$/cancelRequest` to the
    /// server, and returns Err — so misbehaving servers (advertising a
    /// capability but never replying) don't wedge features forever.
    async fn send_request_with_timeout<P: Serialize, R: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
        &self,
        method: &str,
        params: Option<P>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
        editor_request_id: Option<u64>,
        timeout: Duration,
    ) -> Result<R, String> {
        let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);

        // Track the mapping if editor_request_id is provided
        if let Some(editor_id) = editor_request_id {
            self.active_requests.lock().unwrap().insert(editor_id, id);
            tracing::trace!("Tracking request: editor_id={}, lsp_id={}", editor_id, id);
        }

        let params_value = params
            .map(|p| serde_json::to_value(p))
            .transpose()
            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize params: {}", e))?;
        let request = JsonRpcRequest {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            id: JsonRpcId::Number(id),
            method: method.to_string(),
            params: params_value,
        };

        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
        pending.lock().unwrap().insert(id, (method.to_string(), tx));

        if let Err(e) = self.write_message(&request).await {
            pending.lock().unwrap().remove(&id);
            if let Some(editor_id) = editor_request_id {
                self.active_requests.lock().unwrap().remove(&editor_id);
            }
            return Err(e);
        }

        tracing::trace!(
            "Sent LSP request id={} method={}, waiting up to {:?} for response",
            id,
            method,
            timeout
        );

        let response_result = match tokio::time::timeout(timeout, rx).await {
            Ok(Ok(inner)) => inner,
            Ok(Err(_)) => Err("Response channel closed".to_string()),
            Err(_) => {
                // Timed out: forget the pending entry, ask the server to cancel.
                pending.lock().unwrap().remove(&id);
                tracing::warn!(
                    "LSP request '{}' (lsp_id={}) on '{}' ({}) timed out after {:?}; sending $/cancelRequest",
                    method,
                    id,
                    self.server_name.as_str(),
                    self.language.as_str(),
                    timeout
                );
                let _ = self.send_cancel_request(id).await;
                Err(format!(
                    "Request '{}' timed out after {:?}",
                    method, timeout
                ))
            }
        };

        if let Some(editor_id) = editor_request_id {
            self.active_requests.lock().unwrap().remove(&editor_id);
            tracing::trace!("Completed request: editor_id={}, lsp_id={}", editor_id, id);
        }

        let result = response_result?;
        serde_json::from_value(result).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to deserialize response: {}", e))
    }

    /// Handle initialize command
    async fn handle_initialize_sequential(
        &self,
        root_uri: Option<Uri>,
        initialization_options: Option<Value>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<InitializeResult, String> {
        tracing::info!(
            "Initializing async LSP server with root_uri: {:?}, initialization_options: {:?}",
            root_uri,
            initialization_options
        );

        let workspace_folders = root_uri.as_ref().map(|uri| {
            vec![WorkspaceFolder {
                uri: uri.clone(),
                name: uri
                    .path()
                    .as_str()
                    .split('/')
                    .next_back()
                    .unwrap_or("workspace")
                    .to_string(),
            }]
        });

        #[allow(deprecated)]
        let params = InitializeParams {
            process_id: Some(std::process::id()),
            capabilities: create_client_capabilities(),
            workspace_folders,
            initialization_options,
            // Set the deprecated root_uri field for compatibility with LSP servers
            // like csharp-ls that still require it (see issue #366)
            root_uri: root_uri.clone(),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let result: InitializeResult = self
            .send_request_sequential(Initialize::METHOD, Some(params), pending)
            .await?;

        tracing::info!(
            "LSP initialize result: position_encoding={:?}",
            result.capabilities.position_encoding
        );
        *self.capabilities.lock().unwrap() = Some(result.capabilities.clone());

        // Send initialized notification
        self.send_notification::<Initialized>(InitializedParams {})
            .await?;

        self.initialized.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);

        let capabilities = extract_capability_summary(&result.capabilities);

        // Notify main loop
        let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspInitialized {
            language: (*self.language).clone(),
            server_name: (*self.server_name).clone(),
            capabilities,
        });

        // Send running status
        let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspStatusUpdate {
            language: (*self.language).clone(),
            server_name: (*self.server_name).clone(),
            status: LspServerStatus::Running,
            message: None,
        });

        tracing::info!("Async LSP server initialized successfully");

        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Handle did_open command
    async fn handle_did_open_sequential(
        &self,
        uri: Uri,
        text: String,
        language_id: String,
        _pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        let path = PathBuf::from(uri.path().as_str());

        if should_skip_did_open(&self.document_versions, &path, self.language.as_str(), &uri) {
            return Ok(());
        }

        tracing::trace!("LSP: did_open for {}", uri.as_str());

        // Remap languageId based on file extension using configured overrides.
        // For example, .tsx → "typescriptreact", .jsx → "javascriptreact"
        let lsp_language_id = path
            .extension()
            .and_then(|e| e.to_str())
            .and_then(|ext| self.language_id_overrides.get(ext))
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or(language_id);

        let params = DidOpenTextDocumentParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentItem {
                uri: uri.clone(),
                language_id: lsp_language_id,
                version: 0,
                text,
            },
        };

        self.document_versions
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .insert(path.clone(), 0);

        // Record when we sent didOpen so didChange can wait if needed
        self.pending_opens
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .insert(path, Instant::now());

        self.send_notification::<DidOpenTextDocument>(params).await
    }

    /// Handle did_change command
    async fn handle_did_change_sequential(
        &self,
        uri: Uri,
        content_changes: Vec<TextDocumentContentChangeEvent>,
        _pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        tracing::trace!("LSP: did_change for {}", uri.as_str());

        let path = PathBuf::from(uri.path().as_str());

        // If the document hasn't been opened yet (not in document_versions),
        // skip this change - the upcoming didOpen will have the current content
        if !self.document_versions.lock().unwrap().contains_key(&path) {
            tracing::debug!(
                "LSP ({}): skipping didChange - document not yet opened",
                self.language
            );
            return Ok(());
        }

        // Check if this document was recently opened and wait if needed
        // This prevents race conditions where the server receives didChange
        // before it has finished processing didOpen
        let opened_at = self.pending_opens.lock().unwrap().get(&path).copied();
        if let Some(opened_at) = opened_at {
            let elapsed = opened_at.elapsed();
            let grace_period = std::time::Duration::from_millis(DID_OPEN_GRACE_PERIOD_MS);
            if elapsed < grace_period {
                let wait_time = grace_period - elapsed;
                tracing::debug!(
                    "LSP ({}): waiting {:?} for didOpen grace period before didChange",
                    self.language,
                    wait_time
                );
                tokio::time::sleep(wait_time).await;
            }
            // Remove from pending_opens after grace period has passed
            self.pending_opens.lock().unwrap().remove(&path);
        }

        let new_version = {
            let mut versions = self.document_versions.lock().unwrap();
            let version = versions.entry(path).or_insert(0);
            *version += 1;
            *version
        };

        let params = DidChangeTextDocumentParams {
            text_document: VersionedTextDocumentIdentifier {
                uri: uri.clone(),
                version: new_version as i32,
            },
            content_changes,
        };

        self.send_notification::<DidChangeTextDocument>(params)
            .await
    }

    /// Handle did_save command
    async fn handle_did_save(&self, uri: Uri, text: Option<String>) -> Result<(), String> {
        tracing::trace!("LSP: did_save for {}", uri.as_str());

        let params = DidSaveTextDocumentParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
            text,
        };

        self.send_notification::<DidSaveTextDocument>(params).await
    }

    /// Handle did_close command
    async fn handle_did_close(&self, uri: Uri) -> Result<(), String> {
        let path = PathBuf::from(uri.path().as_str());

        // Remove from document_versions so that a subsequent didOpen will be accepted
        if self
            .document_versions
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .remove(&path)
            .is_some()
        {
            tracing::info!("LSP ({}): didClose for {}", self.language, uri.as_str());
        } else {
            tracing::debug!(
                "LSP ({}): didClose for {} but document was not tracked",
                self.language,
                uri.as_str()
            );
        }

        // Also remove from pending_opens
        self.pending_opens.lock().unwrap().remove(&path);

        let params = DidCloseTextDocumentParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
        };

        self.send_notification::<DidCloseTextDocument>(params).await
    }

    /// Handle completion request
    async fn handle_completion(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::CompletionParams;

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: completion request at {}:{}:{}",
            uri.as_str(),
            line,
            character
        );

        let params = CompletionParams {
            text_document_position: TextDocumentPositionParams {
                text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
                position: Position { line, character },
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
            context: None,
        };

        // Send request and get response (tracked for cancellation)
        match self
            .send_request_sequential_tracked::<_, Value>(
                "textDocument/completion",
                Some(params),
                pending,
                Some(request_id),
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the completion response
                let items = if let Ok(list) =
                    serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::CompletionList>(result.clone())
                {
                    list.items
                } else {
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::CompletionItem>>(result)
                        .unwrap_or_default()
                };

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = self
                    .async_tx
                    .send(AsyncMessage::LspCompletion { request_id, items });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Completion request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty completion on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCompletion {
                    request_id,
                    items: vec![],
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle go-to-definition request
    async fn handle_goto_definition(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::GotoDefinitionParams;

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: go-to-definition request at {}:{}:{}",
            uri.as_str(),
            line,
            character
        );

        let params = GotoDefinitionParams {
            text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams {
                text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
                position: Position { line, character },
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/definition", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the definition response (can be Location, Vec<Location>, or LocationLink)
                let locations = if let Ok(loc) =
                    serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::Location>(result.clone())
                {
                    vec![loc]
                } else if let Ok(locs) =
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::Location>>(result.clone())
                {
                    locs
                } else if let Ok(links) =
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::LocationLink>>(result)
                {
                    // Convert LocationLink to Location
                    links
                        .into_iter()
                        .map(|link| lsp_types::Location {
                            uri: link.target_uri,
                            range: link.target_selection_range,
                        })
                        .collect()
                } else {
                    vec![]
                };

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspGotoDefinition {
                    request_id,
                    locations,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Go-to-definition request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty locations on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspGotoDefinition {
                    request_id,
                    locations: vec![],
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle rename request
    async fn handle_rename(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        new_name: String,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::RenameParams;

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: rename request at {}:{}:{} to '{}'",
            uri.as_str(),
            line,
            character,
            new_name
        );

        let params = RenameParams {
            text_document_position: TextDocumentPositionParams {
                text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
                position: Position { line, character },
            },
            new_name,
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/rename", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the workspace edit response
                match serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::WorkspaceEdit>(result) {
                    Ok(workspace_edit) => {
                        // Send to main loop
                        let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspRename {
                            request_id,
                            result: Ok(workspace_edit),
                        });
                        Ok(())
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        tracing::error!("Failed to parse rename response: {}", e);
                        let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspRename {
                            request_id,
                            result: Err(format!("Failed to parse rename response: {}", e)),
                        });
                        Err(format!("Failed to parse rename response: {}", e))
                    }
                }
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Rename request failed: {}", e);
                // Send error to main loop
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspRename {
                    request_id,
                    result: Err(e.clone()),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle hover documentation request
    async fn handle_hover(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::HoverParams;

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: hover request at {}:{}:{}",
            uri.as_str(),
            line,
            character
        );

        let params = HoverParams {
            text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams {
                text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
                position: Position { line, character },
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/hover", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                tracing::debug!("Raw LSP hover response: {:?}", result);
                // Parse the hover response
                let (contents, is_markdown, range) = if result.is_null() {
                    // No hover information available
                    (String::new(), false, None)
                } else {
                    match serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::Hover>(result) {
                        Ok(hover) => {
                            // Extract text from hover contents
                            let (contents, is_markdown) =
                                Self::extract_hover_contents(&hover.contents);
                            // Extract the range if provided (tells us which symbol was hovered)
                            let range = hover.range.map(|r| {
                                (
                                    (r.start.line, r.start.character),
                                    (r.end.line, r.end.character),
                                )
                            });
                            (contents, is_markdown, range)
                        }
                        Err(e) => {
                            tracing::error!("Failed to parse hover response: {}", e);
                            (String::new(), false, None)
                        }
                    }
                };

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspHover {
                    request_id,
                    contents,
                    is_markdown,
                    range,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Hover request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty result on error (no hover available)
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspHover {
                    request_id,
                    contents: String::new(),
                    is_markdown: false,
                    range: None,
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Extract text from hover contents (handles both MarkedString and MarkupContent)
    /// Returns (content_string, is_markdown)
    fn extract_hover_contents(contents: &lsp_types::HoverContents) -> (String, bool) {
        use lsp_types::{HoverContents, MarkedString, MarkupContent, MarkupKind};

        match contents {
            HoverContents::Scalar(marked) => match marked {
                MarkedString::String(s) => (s.clone(), false),
                MarkedString::LanguageString(ls) => {
                    // Language strings are formatted as markdown code blocks
                    (format!("```{}\n{}\n```", ls.language, ls.value), true)
                }
            },
            HoverContents::Array(arr) => {
                // Array of marked strings - format as markdown
                let content = arr
                    .iter()
                    .map(|marked| match marked {
                        MarkedString::String(s) => s.clone(),
                        MarkedString::LanguageString(ls) => {
                            format!("```{}\n{}\n```", ls.language, ls.value)
                        }
                    })
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                    .join("\n\n");
                (content, true)
            }
            HoverContents::Markup(MarkupContent { kind, value }) => {
                // Check if it's markdown or plaintext
                let is_markdown = matches!(kind, MarkupKind::Markdown);
                (value.clone(), is_markdown)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle find references request
    async fn handle_references(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::{ReferenceContext, ReferenceParams};

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: find references request at {}:{}:{}",
            uri.as_str(),
            line,
            character
        );

        let params = ReferenceParams {
            text_document_position: lsp_types::TextDocumentPositionParams {
                text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
                position: Position { line, character },
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
            context: ReferenceContext {
                include_declaration: true,
            },
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/references", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the references response (Vec<Location> or null)
                let locations = if result.is_null() {
                    Vec::new()
                } else {
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::Location>>(result).unwrap_or_default()
                };

                tracing::trace!("LSP: found {} references", locations.len());

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspReferences {
                    request_id,
                    locations,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Find references request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty result on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspReferences {
                    request_id,
                    locations: Vec::new(),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle signature help request
    async fn handle_signature_help(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::SignatureHelpParams;

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: signature help request at {}:{}:{}",
            uri.as_str(),
            line,
            character
        );

        let params = SignatureHelpParams {
            text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams {
                text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
                position: Position { line, character },
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            context: None, // We can add context later for re-triggers
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>(
                "textDocument/signatureHelp",
                Some(params),
                pending,
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the signature help response (SignatureHelp or null)
                let signature_help = if result.is_null() {
                    None
                } else {
                    serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::SignatureHelp>(result).ok()
                };

                tracing::trace!(
                    "LSP: signature help received: {} signatures",
                    signature_help
                        .as_ref()
                        .map(|h| h.signatures.len())
                        .unwrap_or(0)
                );

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSignatureHelp {
                    request_id,
                    signature_help,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Signature help request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty result on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSignatureHelp {
                    request_id,
                    signature_help: None,
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle code actions request
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    async fn handle_code_actions(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        diagnostics: Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::{CodeActionContext, CodeActionParams};

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: code actions request at {}:{}:{}-{}:{}",
            uri.as_str(),
            start_line,
            start_char,
            end_line,
            end_char
        );

        let params = CodeActionParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
            range: Range {
                start: Position {
                    line: start_line,
                    character: start_char,
                },
                end: Position {
                    line: end_line,
                    character: end_char,
                },
            },
            context: CodeActionContext {
                diagnostics,
                only: None,
                trigger_kind: None,
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/codeAction", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the code actions response (Vec<CodeActionOrCommand> or null)
                let actions = if result.is_null() {
                    Vec::new()
                } else {
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::CodeActionOrCommand>>(result)
                        .unwrap_or_default()
                };

                tracing::trace!("LSP: received {} code actions", actions.len());

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCodeActions {
                    request_id,
                    actions,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Code actions request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty result on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCodeActions {
                    request_id,
                    actions: Vec::new(),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle workspace/executeCommand request
    async fn handle_execute_command(
        &self,
        command: String,
        arguments: Option<Vec<Value>>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        let params = lsp_types::ExecuteCommandParams {
            command: command.clone(),
            arguments: arguments.unwrap_or_default(),
            work_done_progress_params: lsp_types::WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("workspace/executeCommand", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(_) => {
                tracing::info!("ExecuteCommand '{}' completed", command);
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("ExecuteCommand '{}' failed: {}", command, e);
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle codeAction/resolve request
    async fn handle_code_action_resolve(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        action: lsp_types::CodeAction,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("codeAction/resolve", Some(action), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let resolved = serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::CodeAction>(result)
                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse codeAction/resolve response: {}", e));
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCodeActionResolved {
                    request_id,
                    action: resolved,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("codeAction/resolve failed: {}", e);
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCodeActionResolved {
                    request_id,
                    action: Err(e.clone()),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle completionItem/resolve request
    async fn handle_completion_resolve(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        item: lsp_types::CompletionItem,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("completionItem/resolve", Some(item), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let resolved = serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::CompletionItem>(result)
                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse completionItem/resolve response: {}", e));
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCompletionResolved {
                    request_id,
                    item: resolved,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("completionItem/resolve failed: {}", e);
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle textDocument/formatting request
    async fn handle_document_formatting(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        tab_size: u32,
        insert_spaces: bool,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::{DocumentFormattingParams, FormattingOptions};

        let params = DocumentFormattingParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            options: FormattingOptions {
                tab_size,
                insert_spaces,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/formatting", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let edits = if result.is_null() {
                    Vec::new()
                } else {
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::TextEdit>>(result).unwrap_or_default()
                };
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspFormatting {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    edits,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("textDocument/formatting failed: {}", e);
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle textDocument/rangeFormatting request
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    async fn handle_document_range_formatting(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        tab_size: u32,
        insert_spaces: bool,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::{DocumentRangeFormattingParams, FormattingOptions};

        let params = DocumentRangeFormattingParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            range: Range {
                start: Position::new(start_line, start_char),
                end: Position::new(end_line, end_char),
            },
            options: FormattingOptions {
                tab_size,
                insert_spaces,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>(
                "textDocument/rangeFormatting",
                Some(params),
                pending,
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let edits = if result.is_null() {
                    Vec::new()
                } else {
                    serde_json::from_value::<Vec<lsp_types::TextEdit>>(result).unwrap_or_default()
                };
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspFormatting {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    edits,
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("textDocument/rangeFormatting failed: {}", e);
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle textDocument/prepareRename request
    async fn handle_prepare_rename(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        let params = TextDocumentPositionParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri },
            position: Position::new(line, character),
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>(
                "textDocument/prepareRename",
                Some(params),
                pending,
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPrepareRename {
                    request_id,
                    result: Ok(result),
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPrepareRename {
                    request_id,
                    result: Err(e.clone()),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    async fn handle_document_diagnostic(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        previous_result_id: Option<String>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::DocumentDiagnosticParams;

        // Check if server supports pull diagnostics (diagnosticProvider capability).
        // This raw `ServerCapabilities` snapshot is kept in sync with dynamic
        // `client/registerCapability` updates (sinelaw/fresh#2195) by the stdout
        // reader, so a server like pyright that registers `diagnosticProvider`
        // dynamically rather than statically is honored here too.
        let supports_pull = self
            .capabilities
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|c| c.diagnostic_provider.as_ref())
            .is_some();
        if !supports_pull {
            tracing::trace!(
                "LSP: server does not support pull diagnostics, skipping request for {}",
                uri.as_str()
            );
            return Ok(());
        }

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: document diagnostic request for {} (previous_result_id: {:?})",
            uri.as_str(),
            previous_result_id
        );

        let params = DocumentDiagnosticParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            identifier: None,
            previous_result_id,
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
        };

        // Send request and get response
        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Value>("textDocument/diagnostic", Some(params), pending)
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                // Parse the diagnostic report result
                // Can be RelatedFullDocumentDiagnosticReport or RelatedUnchangedDocumentDiagnosticReport
                let uri_string = uri.as_str().to_string();

                // Try to parse as full report first
                if let Ok(full_report) = serde_json::from_value::<
                    lsp_types::RelatedFullDocumentDiagnosticReport,
                >(result.clone())
                {
                    let diagnostics = full_report.full_document_diagnostic_report.items;
                    let result_id = full_report.full_document_diagnostic_report.result_id;

                    tracing::trace!(
                        "LSP: received {} diagnostics for {} (result_id: {:?})",
                        diagnostics.len(),
                        uri_string,
                        result_id
                    );

                    let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPulledDiagnostics {
                        request_id,
                        uri: uri_string,
                        result_id,
                        diagnostics,
                        unchanged: false,
                    });
                } else if let Ok(unchanged_report) = serde_json::from_value::<
                    lsp_types::RelatedUnchangedDocumentDiagnosticReport,
                >(result.clone())
                {
                    let result_id = unchanged_report
                        .unchanged_document_diagnostic_report
                        .result_id;

                    tracing::trace!(
                        "LSP: diagnostics unchanged for {} (result_id: {:?})",
                        uri_string,
                        result_id
                    );

                    let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPulledDiagnostics {
                        request_id,
                        uri: uri_string,
                        result_id: Some(result_id),
                        diagnostics: Vec::new(),
                        unchanged: true,
                    });
                } else {
                    // Fallback: try to parse as DocumentDiagnosticReportResult
                    tracing::warn!(
                        "LSP: could not parse diagnostic report, sending empty: {}",
                        result
                    );
                    let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPulledDiagnostics {
                        request_id,
                        uri: uri_string,
                        result_id: None,
                        diagnostics: Vec::new(),
                        unchanged: false,
                    });
                }

                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Document diagnostic request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty result on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPulledDiagnostics {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    result_id: None,
                    diagnostics: Vec::new(),
                    unchanged: false,
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle inlay hints request (LSP 3.17+)
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    async fn handle_inlay_hints(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::InlayHintParams;

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: inlay hints request for {} ({}:{} - {}:{})",
            uri.as_str(),
            start_line,
            start_char,
            end_line,
            end_char
        );

        let params = InlayHintParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            range: Range {
                start: Position {
                    line: start_line,
                    character: start_char,
                },
                end: Position {
                    line: end_line,
                    character: end_char,
                },
            },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Option<Vec<lsp_types::InlayHint>>>(
                "textDocument/inlayHint",
                Some(params),
                pending,
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(hints) => {
                let hints = hints.unwrap_or_default();
                let uri_string = uri.as_str().to_string();

                tracing::trace!(
                    "LSP: received {} inlay hints for {}",
                    hints.len(),
                    uri_string
                );

                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspInlayHints {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri_string,
                    hints,
                });

                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Inlay hints request failed: {}", e);
                // Send empty result on error
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspInlayHints {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    hints: Vec::new(),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle folding range request
    async fn handle_folding_ranges(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::FoldingRangeParams;

        tracing::trace!("LSP: folding range request for {}", uri.as_str());

        let params = FoldingRangeParams {
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential::<_, Option<Vec<lsp_types::FoldingRange>>>(
                "textDocument/foldingRange",
                Some(params),
                pending,
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(ranges) => {
                let ranges = ranges.unwrap_or_default();
                let uri_string = uri.as_str().to_string();

                tracing::trace!(
                    "LSP: received {} folding ranges for {}",
                    ranges.len(),
                    uri_string
                );

                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspFoldingRanges {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri_string,
                    ranges,
                });

                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Folding range request failed: {}", e);
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspFoldingRanges {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    ranges: Vec::new(),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    async fn handle_semantic_tokens_full(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::request::SemanticTokensFullRequest;

        tracing::trace!("LSP: semanticTokens/full request for {}", uri.as_str());

        let params = SemanticTokensParams {
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential_tracked::<_, Option<SemanticTokensResult>>(
                SemanticTokensFullRequest::METHOD,
                Some(params),
                pending,
                Some(request_id),
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::Full(Ok(result)),
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Semantic tokens request failed: {}", e);
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::Full(Err(e.clone())),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    async fn handle_semantic_tokens_full_delta(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        previous_result_id: String,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::{
            request::SemanticTokensFullDeltaRequest, SemanticTokensDeltaParams,
            SemanticTokensFullDeltaResult,
        };

        tracing::trace!(
            "LSP: semanticTokens/full/delta request for {}",
            uri.as_str()
        );

        let params = SemanticTokensDeltaParams {
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            previous_result_id,
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential_tracked::<_, Option<SemanticTokensFullDeltaResult>>(
                SemanticTokensFullDeltaRequest::METHOD,
                Some(params),
                pending,
                Some(request_id),
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::FullDelta(Ok(result)),
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Semantic tokens delta request failed: {}", e);
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::FullDelta(Err(e.clone())),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    async fn handle_semantic_tokens_range(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        range: lsp_types::Range,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use lsp_types::{request::SemanticTokensRangeRequest, SemanticTokensRangeParams};

        tracing::trace!("LSP: semanticTokens/range request for {}", uri.as_str());

        let params = SemanticTokensRangeParams {
            work_done_progress_params: WorkDoneProgressParams::default(),
            partial_result_params: PartialResultParams::default(),
            text_document: TextDocumentIdentifier { uri: uri.clone() },
            range,
        };

        match self
            .send_request_sequential_tracked::<_, Option<lsp_types::SemanticTokensRangeResult>>(
                SemanticTokensRangeRequest::METHOD,
                Some(params),
                pending,
                Some(request_id),
            )
            .await
        {
            Ok(result) => {
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::Range(Ok(result)),
                });
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("Semantic tokens range request failed: {}", e);
                let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                    request_id,
                    uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                    response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::Range(Err(e.clone())),
                });
                Err(e)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handle a plugin-initiated request by forwarding it to the server
    async fn handle_plugin_request(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        method: String,
        params: Option<Value>,
        pending: &PendingRequests,
    ) {
        tracing::trace!(
            "Plugin request {} => method={} params={:?}",
            request_id,
            method,
            params
        );
        let result = self
            .send_request_sequential_tracked::<Value, Value>(
                &method,
                params,
                pending,
                Some(request_id),
            )
            .await;

        tracing::trace!(
            "Plugin request {} completed with result {:?}",
            request_id,
            &result
        );
        let _ = self.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::PluginLspResponse {
            language: (*self.language).clone(),
            request_id,
            result,
        });
    }

    /// Handle shutdown command
    async fn handle_shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
        tracing::info!("Shutting down async LSP server");

        let notification = JsonRpcNotification {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            method: "shutdown".to_string(),
            params: None,
        };

        self.write_message(&notification).await?;

        let exit = JsonRpcNotification {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            method: "exit".to_string(),
            params: None,
        };

        self.write_message(&exit).await
    }

    /// Send a cancel request notification to the server
    async fn send_cancel_request(&self, lsp_id: i64) -> Result<(), String> {
        tracing::trace!("Sending $/cancelRequest for LSP id {}", lsp_id);

        let notification = JsonRpcNotification {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            method: "$/cancelRequest".to_string(),
            params: Some(serde_json::json!({ "id": lsp_id })),
        };

        self.write_message(&notification).await
    }

    /// Cancel a request by editor request_id
    async fn handle_cancel_request(&self, request_id: u64) -> Result<(), String> {
        let lsp_id = self.active_requests.lock().unwrap().remove(&request_id);
        if let Some(lsp_id) = lsp_id {
            tracing::info!(
                "Cancelling request: editor_id={}, lsp_id={}",
                request_id,
                lsp_id
            );
            self.send_cancel_request(lsp_id).await
        } else {
            tracing::trace!(
                "Cancel request ignored: no active LSP request for editor_id={}",
                request_id
            );
            Ok(())
        }
    }
}

/// Async LSP task that handles all I/O
struct LspTask {
    /// Process handle — kept alive for lifetime management
    /// (`kill_on_drop` set on the underlying tokio child).
    _process: crate::services::remote::StdioChild,

    /// Stdin for sending messages
    stdin: ChildStdin,

    /// Stdout for receiving messages
    stdout: BufReader<ChildStdout>,

    /// Next request ID
    next_id: i64,

    /// Pending requests waiting for response, keyed by request id. The stored
    /// `String` is the request method (see `PendingRequests`).
    pending: HashMap<i64, (String, oneshot::Sender<Result<Value, String>>)>,

    /// Server capabilities
    capabilities: Option<ServerCapabilities>,

    /// Document versions (shared with stdout reader for stale diagnostic filtering)
    document_versions: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,

    /// Track when didOpen was sent for each document to avoid race with didChange
    /// The LSP server needs time to process didOpen before it can handle didChange
    pending_opens: HashMap<PathBuf, Instant>,

    /// Whether initialized
    initialized: bool,

    /// Sender for async messages to main loop
    async_tx: std_mpsc::Sender<AsyncMessage>,

    /// Language ID (for error reporting)
    language: String,

    /// Display name for this server (for diagnostics attribution)
    server_name: String,

    /// Server command (for plugin identification)
    server_command: String,

    /// Path to stderr log file
    stderr_log_path: std::path::PathBuf,

    /// Extension-to-languageId overrides for textDocument/didOpen
    language_id_overrides: HashMap<String, String>,
}

impl LspTask {
    /// Create a new LSP task.
    ///
    /// Spawning is routed through the authority's
    /// [`LongRunningSpawner`] so container authorities run the server
    /// inside the container via `docker exec -i`. See
    /// `AUTHORITY_DESIGN.md` principle 2 — no branch on backend kind
    /// anywhere in this file. The host-only `process_limits` block is
    /// passed along; the spawner implementation decides whether to
    /// honour it (Local does, Docker logs and skips).
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    async fn spawn(
        command: &str,
        args: &[String],
        env: &std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
        language: String,
        server_name: String,
        async_tx: std_mpsc::Sender<AsyncMessage>,
        process_limits: &ProcessLimits,
        stderr_log_path: std::path::PathBuf,
        language_id_overrides: HashMap<String, String>,
        document_versions: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,
        long_running_spawner: Arc<dyn crate::services::remote::LongRunningSpawner>,
    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
        tracing::info!("Spawning async LSP server: {} {:?}", command, args);
        tracing::info!("Process limits: {:?}", process_limits);
        tracing::info!("LSP stderr will be logged to: {:?}", stderr_log_path);

        // Check if the command exists before trying to spawn.
        // Routes through the authority's spawner so a container
        // probe looks inside the container — matches the one the
        // real `spawn_stdio` is about to do.
        if !long_running_spawner.command_exists(command).await {
            return Err(format!(
                "LSP server executable '{}' not found in the active authority's PATH. \
                 Please install it or check your configuration.",
                command
            ));
        }

        // Drive spawn through the authority. Env is handed over as a
        // `(String, String)` vec so the trait stays ordering-explicit
        // (HashMap ordering would leak into docker `-e` argument
        // positions).
        let env_pairs: Vec<(String, String)> =
            env.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone())).collect();

        let mut stdio_child = long_running_spawner
            .spawn_stdio(command, args, env_pairs, None, Some(process_limits))
            .await
            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to spawn LSP server '{}': {}", command, e))?;

        let stdin = stdio_child
            .take_stdin()
            .ok_or_else(|| "Failed to get stdin".to_string())?;

        let stdout_stream = stdio_child
            .take_stdout()
            .ok_or_else(|| "Failed to get stdout".to_string())?;
        let stdout = BufReader::new(stdout_stream);

        // Stderr is now piped (was redirected via fd to a file pre-
        // refactor; we can't fd-redirect across `docker exec`). Spawn
        // a reader task that copies lines into the log file so
        // `View Log` still works. Failures are logged and dropped —
        // the LSP itself is already running.
        if let Some(stderr_stream) = stdio_child.take_stderr() {
            let log_path = stderr_log_path.clone();
            tokio::spawn(async move {
                use tokio::fs::File;
                use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader as TokioBufReader};
                let mut file = match File::create(&log_path).await {
                    Ok(f) => f,
                    Err(e) => {
                        tracing::warn!("Could not create LSP stderr log {:?}: {}", log_path, e);
                        return;
                    }
                };
                let mut reader = TokioBufReader::new(stderr_stream);
                let mut buf = String::new();
                loop {
                    buf.clear();
                    match reader.read_line(&mut buf).await {
                        Ok(0) => break,
                        Ok(_) => {
                            if let Err(e) = file.write_all(buf.as_bytes()).await {
                                tracing::warn!(
                                    "Write to LSP stderr log {:?} failed: {}",
                                    log_path,
                                    e
                                );
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                        Err(e) => {
                            tracing::debug!("LSP stderr stream closed for {:?}: {}", log_path, e);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        Ok(Self {
            _process: stdio_child,
            stdin,
            stdout,
            next_id: 0,
            pending: HashMap::new(),
            capabilities: None,
            document_versions,
            pending_opens: HashMap::new(),
            initialized: false,
            async_tx,
            language,
            server_name,
            server_command: command.to_string(),
            stderr_log_path,
            language_id_overrides,
        })
    }

    /// Spawn the stdout reader task that continuously reads and dispatches LSP messages
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    #[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)] // async_tx.send() is best-effort; receiver drop means editor shutdown
    fn spawn_stdout_reader(
        mut stdout: BufReader<ChildStdout>,
        pending: PendingRequests,
        async_tx: std_mpsc::Sender<AsyncMessage>,
        language: String,
        server_name: String,
        server_command: String,
        stdin_writer: Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<ChildStdin>>,
        stderr_log_path: std::path::PathBuf,
        shutting_down: Arc<AtomicBool>,
        document_versions: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,
        config_options: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<Value>>>,
        capabilities: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<ServerCapabilities>>>,
    ) {
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            tracing::info!("LSP stdout reader task started for {}", language);
            loop {
                match read_message_from_stdout(&mut stdout).await {
                    Ok(message) => {
                        tracing::trace!("Read message from LSP server: {:?}", message);
                        if let Err(e) = handle_message_dispatch(
                            message,
                            &pending,
                            &async_tx,
                            &language,
                            &server_name,
                            &server_command,
                            &stdin_writer,
                            &document_versions,
                            &config_options,
                            &capabilities,
                        )
                        .await
                        {
                            tracing::error!("Error handling LSP message: {}", e);
                        }
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        // Only report error if this wasn't an intentional shutdown
                        if shutting_down.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
                            tracing::info!(
                                "LSP stdout reader exiting due to graceful shutdown for {}",
                                language
                            );
                        } else {
                            tracing::error!("Error reading from LSP server: {}", e);
                            let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspStatusUpdate {
                                language: language.clone(),
                                server_name: server_name.clone(),
                                status: LspServerStatus::Error,
                                message: None,
                            });
                            let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspError {
                                language: language.clone(),
                                error: format!("Read error: {}", e),
                                stderr_log_path: Some(stderr_log_path.clone()),
                            });
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            // Drain all pending requests so the command loop doesn't block
            // forever waiting for responses that will never arrive.
            {
                let mut pending_guard = pending.lock().unwrap();
                let count = pending_guard.len();
                if count > 0 {
                    tracing::info!(
                        "LSP stdout reader: draining {} pending requests for {}",
                        count,
                        language
                    );
                    for (id, (_method, tx)) in pending_guard.drain() {
                        tracing::debug!(
                            "LSP stdout reader: failing pending request id={} for {}",
                            id,
                            language
                        );
                        let _ = tx.send(Err(
                            "LSP server connection closed while awaiting response".to_string(),
                        ));
                    }
                }
            }

            tracing::info!("LSP stdout reader task exiting for {}", language);
        });
    }

    /// Run the task (processes commands and reads from stdout)
    // Channel sends and handler results are best-effort: errors are already logged
    // within handler methods, and channel send failures mean the editor is shutting down.
    #[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)]
    async fn run(self, mut command_rx: mpsc::Receiver<LspCommand>) {
        tracing::info!("LspTask::run() started for language: {}", self.language);

        // Create shared stdin writer so both command processing and stdout reader can write
        let stdin_writer = Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(self.stdin));

        // Create state struct for command processing
        let state = LspState {
            stdin: stdin_writer.clone(),
            next_id: Arc::new(AtomicI64::new(self.next_id)),
            capabilities: Arc::new(Mutex::new(self.capabilities)),
            document_versions: self.document_versions.clone(),
            pending_opens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(self.pending_opens)),
            initialized: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(self.initialized)),
            async_tx: self.async_tx.clone(),
            language: Arc::new(self.language.clone()),
            server_name: Arc::new(self.server_name.clone()),
            active_requests: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            language_id_overrides: Arc::new(self.language_id_overrides.clone()),
        };

        let pending = Arc::new(Mutex::new(self.pending));
        let async_tx = state.async_tx.clone();
        let language_clone: String = (*state.language).clone();
        let server_name: String = (*state.server_name).clone();

        // Initialization options for this server, shared with the stdout reader
        // so it can answer `workspace/configuration` pulls. Populated when the
        // Initialize command is processed below (before the server can ask).
        let config_options: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<Value>>> =
            Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(None));

        // Flag to indicate intentional shutdown (prevents spurious error messages)
        let shutting_down = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));

        // Spawn stdout reader task (shares stdin_writer for responding to server requests)
        Self::spawn_stdout_reader(
            self.stdout,
            pending.clone(),
            async_tx.clone(),
            language_clone.clone(),
            self.server_name.clone(),
            self.server_command.clone(),
            stdin_writer.clone(),
            self.stderr_log_path,
            shutting_down.clone(),
            self.document_versions.clone(),
            config_options.clone(),
            state.capabilities.clone(),
        );

        // Sequential command dispatch loop.
        //
        // Notifications (didOpen, didChange, didSave, didClose, $/cancelRequest,
        // workspace folder events) are written inline — they don't await a
        // response and must reach the server promptly even when a prior
        // request is still in flight.
        //
        // Request handlers (completion, hover, semantic tokens, …) are
        // spawned onto independent tokio tasks: each task writes its own
        // JSON-RPC frame, awaits the matching oneshot response (or a
        // timeout / cancel), and ships the result back via async_tx. The
        // main loop therefore returns immediately after dispatching, so a
        // server that never replies to one request can't wedge any other
        // request or notification on the same server. Regression for
        // sinelaw/fresh#1679 (R languageserver advertising semanticTokens
        // but never answering, blocking every later command).
        //
        // Initialize stays inline: subsequent commands key off
        // `state.initialized` and the existing `pending_commands` replay
        // depends on it being set before any other request runs.
        //
        // Server-to-client requests (workspace/configuration etc.) are
        // written directly by the stdout reader task using the shared
        // stdin_writer, so they don't go through this loop.

        /// Await the initialize handler while draining commands that arrive
        /// on `command_rx` into `buf`. The commands are NOT processed here
        /// (because `state` is borrowed by the future); they are replayed
        /// from `buf` in subsequent iterations of the main loop.
        macro_rules! await_draining {
            ($fut:expr, $command_rx:expr, $buf:expr) => {{
                let fut = $fut;
                tokio::pin!(fut);
                loop {
                    tokio::select! {
                        biased;  // prefer completing the handler
                        result = &mut fut => break result,
                        Some(cmd) = $command_rx.recv() => {
                            $buf.push_back(cmd);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }};
        }

        /// Spawn an async request handler and forget the JoinHandle.
        macro_rules! spawn_request {
            ($state:expr, $pending:expr, |$s:ident, $p:ident| $body:expr) => {{
                let $s = $state.clone();
                let $p = $pending.clone();
                tokio::spawn(async move {
                    let _ = $body;
                });
            }};
        }

        let mut pending_commands = Vec::new();
        let mut draining_buffer: std::collections::VecDeque<LspCommand> =
            std::collections::VecDeque::new();
        loop {
            // Drain buffered commands (from a previous handler's await)
            // before polling the channel for new ones.
            let cmd = if let Some(cmd) = draining_buffer.pop_front() {
                cmd
            } else {
                match command_rx.recv().await {
                    Some(cmd) => cmd,
                    None => {
                        tracing::info!("Command channel closed");
                        break;
                    }
                }
            };

            tracing::trace!("LspTask received command: {:?}", cmd);
            let initialized = state.initialized.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
            match cmd {
                LspCommand::Initialize {
                    root_uri,
                    initialization_options,
                    response,
                } => {
                    // Send initializing status
                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspStatusUpdate {
                        language: language_clone.clone(),
                        server_name: server_name.clone(),
                        status: LspServerStatus::Initializing,
                        message: None,
                    });
                    tracing::info!("Processing Initialize command");
                    // Publish the options before initializing so the stdout
                    // reader can answer the server's `workspace/configuration`
                    // pull (which arrives only after `initialize`).
                    *config_options.lock().unwrap() = initialization_options.clone();
                    let result = await_draining!(
                        state.handle_initialize_sequential(
                            root_uri,
                            initialization_options,
                            &pending
                        ),
                        command_rx,
                        draining_buffer
                    );
                    let success = result.is_ok();
                    let _ = response.send(result);

                    // After successful initialization, replay pending commands
                    if success {
                        let queued = std::mem::take(&mut pending_commands);
                        await_draining!(
                            state.replay_pending_commands(queued, &pending),
                            command_rx,
                            draining_buffer
                        );
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DidOpen {
                    uri,
                    text,
                    language_id,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing DidOpen for {}", uri.as_str());
                        let _ = state
                            .handle_did_open_sequential(uri, text, language_id, &pending)
                            .await;
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!(
                            "Queueing DidOpen for {} until initialization completes",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        pending_commands.push(LspCommand::DidOpen {
                            uri,
                            text,
                            language_id,
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DidChange {
                    uri,
                    content_changes,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::trace!("Processing DidChange for {}", uri.as_str());
                        // Notification: write inline so it reaches the server
                        // even while earlier requests are still in flight.
                        let _ = state
                            .handle_did_change_sequential(uri, content_changes, &pending)
                            .await;
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!(
                            "Queueing DidChange for {} until initialization completes",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        pending_commands.push(LspCommand::DidChange {
                            uri,
                            content_changes,
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DidClose { uri } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing DidClose for {}", uri.as_str());
                        let _ = state.handle_did_close(uri).await;
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!(
                            "Queueing DidClose for {} until initialization completes",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        pending_commands.push(LspCommand::DidClose { uri });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DidSave { uri, text } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing DidSave for {}", uri.as_str());
                        let _ = state.handle_did_save(uri, text).await;
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!(
                            "Queueing DidSave for {} until initialization completes",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        pending_commands.push(LspCommand::DidSave { uri, text });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DidChangeWorkspaceFolders { added, removed } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!(
                            "Processing DidChangeWorkspaceFolders: +{} -{}",
                            added.len(),
                            removed.len()
                        );
                        let _ = state
                                    .send_notification::<lsp_types::notification::DidChangeWorkspaceFolders>(
                                        lsp_types::DidChangeWorkspaceFoldersParams {
                                            event: lsp_types::WorkspaceFoldersChangeEvent {
                                                added,
                                                removed,
                                            },
                                        },
                                    )
                                    .await;
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!(
                            "Queueing DidChangeWorkspaceFolders until initialization completes"
                        );
                        pending_commands
                            .push(LspCommand::DidChangeWorkspaceFolders { added, removed });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::Completion {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing Completion request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_completion(request_id, uri, line, character, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, sending empty completion");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCompletion {
                            request_id,
                            items: vec![],
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::GotoDefinition {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing GotoDefinition request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_goto_definition(request_id, uri, line, character, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, sending empty locations");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspGotoDefinition {
                            request_id,
                            locations: vec![],
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::Rename {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                    new_name,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing Rename request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_rename(request_id, uri, line, character, new_name, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot rename");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspRename {
                            request_id,
                            result: Err("LSP not initialized".to_string()),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::Hover {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing Hover request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_hover(request_id, uri, line, character, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get hover");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspHover {
                            request_id,
                            contents: String::new(),
                            is_markdown: false,
                            range: None,
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::References {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing References request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_references(request_id, uri, line, character, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get references");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspReferences {
                            request_id,
                            locations: Vec::new(),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::SignatureHelp {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing SignatureHelp request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_signature_help(request_id, uri, line, character, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get signature help");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSignatureHelp {
                            request_id,
                            signature_help: None,
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::CodeActions {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    start_line,
                    start_char,
                    end_line,
                    end_char,
                    diagnostics,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing CodeActions request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_code_actions(
                                request_id,
                                uri,
                                start_line,
                                start_char,
                                end_line,
                                end_char,
                                diagnostics,
                                &p,
                            )
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get code actions");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCodeActions {
                            request_id,
                            actions: Vec::new(),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DocumentDiagnostic {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    previous_result_id,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!(
                            "Processing DocumentDiagnostic request for {}",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_document_diagnostic(request_id, uri, previous_result_id, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get document diagnostics");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspPulledDiagnostics {
                            request_id,
                            uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                            result_id: None,
                            diagnostics: Vec::new(),
                            unchanged: false,
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::InlayHints {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    start_line,
                    start_char,
                    end_line,
                    end_char,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing InlayHints request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_inlay_hints(
                                request_id, uri, start_line, start_char, end_line, end_char, &p,
                            )
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get inlay hints");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspInlayHints {
                            request_id,
                            uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                            hints: Vec::new(),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::FoldingRange { request_id, uri } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing FoldingRange request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_folding_ranges(request_id, uri, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get folding ranges");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspFoldingRanges {
                            request_id,
                            uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                            ranges: Vec::new(),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::SemanticTokensFull { request_id, uri } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing SemanticTokens request for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_semantic_tokens_full(request_id, uri, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get semantic tokens");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                            request_id,
                            uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                            response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::Full(Err(
                                "LSP not initialized".to_string()
                            )),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::SemanticTokensFullDelta {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    previous_result_id,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!(
                            "Processing SemanticTokens delta request for {}",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_semantic_tokens_full_delta(
                                request_id,
                                uri,
                                previous_result_id,
                                &p,
                            )
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get semantic tokens");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                            request_id,
                            uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                            response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::FullDelta(Err(
                                "LSP not initialized".to_string(),
                            )),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::SemanticTokensRange {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    range,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!(
                            "Processing SemanticTokens range request for {}",
                            uri.as_str()
                        );
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_semantic_tokens_range(request_id, uri, range, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot get semantic tokens");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokens {
                            request_id,
                            uri: uri.as_str().to_string(),
                            response: LspSemanticTokensResponse::Range(Err(
                                "LSP not initialized".to_string()
                            )),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::ExecuteCommand { command, arguments } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing ExecuteCommand: {}", command);
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_execute_command(command, arguments, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot execute command");
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::CodeActionResolve { request_id, action } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing CodeActionResolve (request_id={})", request_id);
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_code_action_resolve(request_id, *action, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!("LSP not initialized, cannot resolve code action");
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspCodeActionResolved {
                            request_id,
                            action: Err("LSP not initialized".to_string()),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::CompletionResolve { request_id, item } => {
                    if initialized {
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_completion_resolve(request_id, *item, &p)
                            .await);
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DocumentFormatting {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    tab_size,
                    insert_spaces,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::info!("Processing DocumentFormatting for {}", uri.as_str());
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_document_formatting(
                                request_id,
                                uri,
                                tab_size,
                                insert_spaces,
                                &p,
                            )
                            .await);
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::DocumentRangeFormatting {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    start_line,
                    start_char,
                    end_line,
                    end_char,
                    tab_size,
                    insert_spaces,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_document_range_formatting(
                                request_id,
                                uri,
                                start_line,
                                start_char,
                                end_line,
                                end_char,
                                tab_size,
                                insert_spaces,
                                &p,
                            )
                            .await);
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::PrepareRename {
                    request_id,
                    uri,
                    line,
                    character,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_prepare_rename(request_id, uri, line, character, &p)
                            .await);
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::CancelRequest { request_id } => {
                    tracing::info!("Processing CancelRequest for editor_id={}", request_id);
                    // Notification: inline so cancels reach the server promptly.
                    let _ = state.handle_cancel_request(request_id).await;
                }
                LspCommand::PluginRequest {
                    request_id,
                    method,
                    params,
                } => {
                    if initialized {
                        tracing::trace!("Processing plugin request {} ({})", request_id, method);
                        spawn_request!(state, pending, |s, p| s
                            .handle_plugin_request(request_id, method, params, &p)
                            .await);
                    } else {
                        tracing::trace!(
                            "Plugin LSP request {} received before initialization",
                            request_id
                        );
                        let _ = state.async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::PluginLspResponse {
                            language: language_clone.clone(),
                            request_id,
                            result: Err("LSP not initialized".to_string()),
                        });
                    }
                }
                LspCommand::Shutdown => {
                    tracing::info!("Processing Shutdown command");
                    // Set flag before shutdown to prevent spurious error messages
                    shutting_down.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
                    let _ = state.handle_shutdown().await;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        tracing::info!("LSP task exiting for language: {}", self.language);
    }
}

/// Standalone function to read a message from stdout (for reader task)
async fn read_message_from_stdout(
    stdout: &mut BufReader<ChildStdout>,
) -> Result<JsonRpcMessage, String> {
    // Read headers
    let mut content_length: Option<usize> = None;

    loop {
        let mut line = String::new();
        let bytes_read = stdout
            .read_line(&mut line)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read from stdout: {}", e))?;

        // EOF detected - LSP server closed stdout
        if bytes_read == 0 {
            return Err("LSP server closed stdout (EOF)".to_string());
        }

        if line == "\r\n" {
            break;
        }

        if let Some(len_str) = line.strip_prefix("Content-Length: ") {
            content_length = Some(
                len_str
                    .trim()
                    .parse()
                    .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid Content-Length: {}", e))?,
            );
        }
    }

    let content_length =
        content_length.ok_or_else(|| "Missing Content-Length header".to_string())?;

    // Read content
    let mut content = vec![0u8; content_length];
    stdout
        .read_exact(&mut content)
        .await
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read content: {}", e))?;

    let json = String::from_utf8(content).map_err(|e| format!("Invalid UTF-8: {}", e))?;

    tracing::trace!("Received LSP message: {}", json);

    serde_json::from_str(&json).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to deserialize message: {}", e))
}

/// Parse the `registrations` out of a `client/registerCapability` request's
/// params into `(method, register_options)` pairs. Malformed params yield an
/// empty list (we still ack the request).
fn registrations_from_params(params: Option<&Value>) -> Vec<(String, Option<Value>)> {
    params
        .and_then(|p| serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::RegistrationParams>(p.clone()).ok())
        .map(|rp| {
            rp.registrations
                .into_iter()
                .map(|r| (r.method, r.register_options))
                .collect()
        })
        .unwrap_or_default()
}

/// Parse the unregistered method names out of a `client/unregisterCapability`
/// request's params. Malformed params yield an empty list.
fn unregistrations_from_params(params: Option<&Value>) -> Vec<String> {
    params
        .and_then(|p| serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::UnregistrationParams>(p.clone()).ok())
        .map(|up| up.unregisterations.into_iter().map(|u| u.method).collect())
        .unwrap_or_default()
}

/// Reflect dynamic capability (un)registrations into the raw `ServerCapabilities`
/// snapshot held by the LSP task.
///
/// The main-loop `ServerCapabilitySummary` is the primary gate for whether a
/// request is sent, and it is updated from the same registrations. But a few
/// task-side send checks read this raw snapshot instead — currently only
/// `handle_document_diagnostic` (pull diagnostics) — so the diagnostic provider
/// must be mirrored here or those requests are silently skipped for servers
/// (e.g. pyright) that register `diagnosticProvider` dynamically rather than
/// statically. Other features gate solely on the summary; extend this if a new
/// task-side gate is added (sinelaw/fresh#2195).
fn sync_raw_capabilities(
    capabilities: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<ServerCapabilities>>>,
    registrations: &[(String, Option<Value>)],
    register: bool,
) {
    use lsp_types::{DiagnosticOptions, DiagnosticServerCapabilities};

    if !registrations
        .iter()
        .any(|(method, _)| method == "textDocument/diagnostic")
    {
        return;
    }

    let mut guard = capabilities.lock().unwrap();
    let caps = guard.get_or_insert_with(ServerCapabilities::default);
    for (method, options) in registrations {
        if method == "textDocument/diagnostic" {
            caps.diagnostic_provider = register.then(|| {
                let opts = options
                    .as_ref()
                    .and_then(|o| serde_json::from_value::<DiagnosticOptions>(o.clone()).ok())
                    .unwrap_or_default();
                DiagnosticServerCapabilities::Options(opts)
            });
        }
    }
}

/// Build the response to a `workspace/configuration` request.
///
/// LSP servers pull their settings by asking the client for named
/// configuration sections. We answer each requested item from this server's
/// configured `initialization_options` (the same object sent in the
/// `initialize` request): the section name selects into that object, so e.g.
/// harper-ls — which requests the `harper-ls` section — is configured via
/// `{"harper-ls": { ... }}` and receives the inner object. `null` is a valid
/// "use your defaults" answer for a section we have no configuration for.
fn resolve_workspace_configuration(
    items: &[Value],
    init_options: Option<&Value>,
    server_command: &str,
) -> Vec<Value> {
    if items.is_empty() {
        return vec![resolve_configuration_section(
            None,
            init_options,
            server_command,
        )];
    }
    items
        .iter()
        .map(|item| {
            let section = item
                .get("section")
                .and_then(Value::as_str)
                .filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
            resolve_configuration_section(section, init_options, server_command)
        })
        .collect()
}

/// Resolve a single requested configuration `section` (a possibly dotted path
/// such as `rust-analyzer.inlayHints`) against the configured init options,
/// falling back to a built-in default when nothing is configured.
fn resolve_configuration_section(
    section: Option<&str>,
    init_options: Option<&Value>,
    server_command: &str,
) -> Value {
    if let Some(options) = init_options {
        match section {
            Some(section) => {
                let mut current = options;
                let mut resolved = true;
                for part in section.split('.') {
                    match current.get(part) {
                        Some(next) => current = next,
                        None => {
                            resolved = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if resolved {
                    return current.clone();
                }
            }
            // No section requested: hand back the whole configured object.
            None => return options.clone(),
        }
    }
    default_configuration_section(server_command)
}

/// Built-in configuration returned when a requested section has no configured
/// value. rust-analyzer ships no default init options yet relies on the client
/// enabling inlay hints through this pull, so it keeps that default; every
/// other server gets `null` (use its own defaults).
fn default_configuration_section(server_command: &str) -> Value {
    if server_command_is_rust_analyzer(server_command) {
        serde_json::json!({
            "inlayHints": {
                "typeHints": { "enable": true },
                "parameterHints": { "enable": true },
                "chainingHints": { "enable": true },
                "closureReturnTypeHints": { "enable": "always" }
            }
        })
    } else {
        Value::Null
    }
}

fn server_command_is_rust_analyzer(server_command: &str) -> bool {
    std::path::Path::new(server_command)
        .file_name()
        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
        .unwrap_or(server_command)
        .contains("rust-analyzer")
}

/// Build a null-result JSON-RPC response for `id`.
fn null_response(id: JsonRpcId) -> JsonRpcResponse {
    JsonRpcResponse {
        jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
        id,
        result: Some(Value::Null),
        error: None,
    }
}

/// Parse the `{type, message}` body common to `window/showMessage` and
/// `window/logMessage`. Returns `None` for malformed params.
fn parse_window_message(
    params: Option<Value>,
    default_type: i64,
) -> Option<(LspMessageType, String)> {
    let msg = serde_json::from_value::<serde_json::Map<String, Value>>(params?).ok()?;
    let type_num = msg
        .get("type")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_i64())
        .unwrap_or(default_type);
    let message = msg
        .get("message")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .unwrap_or("(no message)")
        .to_string();
    let message_type = match type_num {
        1 => LspMessageType::Error,
        2 => LspMessageType::Warning,
        3 => LspMessageType::Info,
        _ => LspMessageType::Log,
    };
    Some((message_type, message))
}

/// Emit a tracing record for an LSP window message at the level matching
/// `message_type`.
fn log_lsp_message(message_type: LspMessageType, language: &str, message: &str) {
    match message_type {
        LspMessageType::Error => tracing::error!("LSP ({}): {}", language, message),
        LspMessageType::Warning => tracing::warn!("LSP ({}): {}", language, message),
        LspMessageType::Info => tracing::info!("LSP ({}): {}", language, message),
        LspMessageType::Log => tracing::trace!("LSP ({}): {}", language, message),
    }
}

/// Parse a `$/progress` notification into `(token, LspProgressValue)`.
/// Returns `None` for unknown kinds or malformed params.
fn parse_progress_notification(
    params: Option<Value>,
    language: &str,
) -> Option<(String, LspProgressValue)> {
    let progress = serde_json::from_value::<serde_json::Map<String, Value>>(params?).ok()?;
    let token = progress
        .get("token")
        .and_then(|v| {
            v.as_str()
                .map(|s| s.to_string())
                .or_else(|| v.as_i64().map(|n| n.to_string()))
        })
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "unknown".to_string());
    let value_obj = progress.get("value").and_then(|v| v.as_object())?;
    let kind = value_obj.get("kind").and_then(|v| v.as_str());
    let value = match kind {
        Some("begin") => {
            let title = value_obj
                .get("title")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                .unwrap_or("Working...")
                .to_string();
            let message = value_obj
                .get("message")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                .map(|s| s.to_string());
            let percentage = value_obj
                .get("percentage")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
                .map(|p| p as u32);
            tracing::info!(
                "LSP ({}) progress begin: {} {:?} {:?}",
                language,
                title,
                message,
                percentage
            );
            LspProgressValue::Begin {
                title,
                message,
                percentage,
            }
        }
        Some("report") => {
            let message = value_obj
                .get("message")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                .map(|s| s.to_string());
            let percentage = value_obj
                .get("percentage")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_u64())
                .map(|p| p as u32);
            tracing::trace!(
                "LSP ({}) progress report: {:?} {:?}",
                language,
                message,
                percentage
            );
            LspProgressValue::Report {
                message,
                percentage,
            }
        }
        Some("end") => {
            let message = value_obj
                .get("message")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
                .map(|s| s.to_string());
            tracing::info!("LSP ({}) progress end: {:?}", language, message);
            LspProgressValue::End { message }
        }
        _ => return None,
    };
    Some((token, value))
}

/// Standalone function to handle and dispatch messages (for reader task)
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
#[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)] // oneshot/mpsc send results are best-effort; receiver drop is not actionable
async fn handle_message_dispatch(
    message: JsonRpcMessage,
    pending: &PendingRequests,
    async_tx: &std_mpsc::Sender<AsyncMessage>,
    language: &str,
    server_name: &str,
    server_command: &str,
    stdin_writer: &Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<ChildStdin>>,
    document_versions: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,
    config_options: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<Value>>>,
    capabilities: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<ServerCapabilities>>>,
) -> Result<(), String> {
    match message {
        JsonRpcMessage::Response(response) => {
            tracing::trace!("Received LSP response for request id={}", response.id);
            // Fresh only issues numeric ids, so a response that correlates to one
            // of our pending requests must carry a numeric id. A string id here
            // can only be a stray/echoed server id we never tracked — drop it
            // rather than letting it look like an unknown request.
            let pending_id = response.id.as_i64();
            if let Some((method, tx)) =
                pending_id.and_then(|id| pending.lock().unwrap().remove(&id))
            {
                let result = if let Some(error) = response.error {
                    log_response_error(error.code, &error.message, server_name, language, &method);
                    Err(format!(
                        "LSP error from '{}' ({}): {} (code {})",
                        server_name, language, error.message, error.code
                    ))
                } else {
                    tracing::trace!(
                        "LSP response success from '{}' ({}) for request id={}",
                        server_name,
                        language,
                        response.id
                    );
                    // null is a valid result for many LSP methods (e.g., inlay hints with no hints)
                    Ok(response.result.unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null))
                };
                let _ = tx.send(result);
            } else {
                tracing::warn!(
                    "Received LSP response from '{}' ({}) for unknown request id={}",
                    server_name,
                    language,
                    response.id
                );
            }
        }
        JsonRpcMessage::Notification(notification) => {
            tracing::trace!("Received LSP notification: {}", notification.method);
            handle_notification_dispatch(
                notification,
                async_tx,
                language,
                server_name,
                document_versions,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        JsonRpcMessage::Request(request) => {
            // Handle server-to-client requests - MUST respond to avoid timeouts
            tracing::trace!("Received request from server: {}", request.method);
            let response = match request.method.as_str() {
                "window/workDoneProgress/create" => {
                    // Server wants to create a progress token - acknowledge it
                    tracing::trace!("Acknowledging workDoneProgress/create (id={})", request.id);
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
                "workspace/configuration" => {
                    // The server is pulling configuration for one or more named
                    // sections (e.g. harper-ls asks for the "harper-ls" section).
                    // Resolve each requested section against this server's own
                    // configured initialization options so pull-config servers can
                    // actually be customized, instead of handing every server the
                    // same rust-analyzer blob (sinelaw/fresh#2144).
                    tracing::trace!(
                        "Responding to workspace/configuration for {}",
                        server_command
                    );

                    let empty = Vec::new();
                    let items = request
                        .params
                        .as_ref()
                        .and_then(|p| p.get("items"))
                        .and_then(|items| items.as_array())
                        .unwrap_or(&empty);

                    let stored = config_options.lock().unwrap().clone();
                    let configs =
                        resolve_workspace_configuration(items, stored.as_ref(), server_command);

                    JsonRpcResponse {
                        jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
                        id: request.id,
                        result: Some(Value::Array(configs)),
                        error: None,
                    }
                }
                "client/registerCapability" => {
                    // Many servers advertise little or nothing statically in
                    // their `initialize` result and register providers
                    // dynamically here instead. Parse the registrations and
                    // forward them so the stored `ServerCapabilities` is updated
                    // — otherwise the feature stays gated off for the whole
                    // session (sinelaw/fresh#2195). Still ack with `null`.
                    let registrations = registrations_from_params(request.params.as_ref());
                    tracing::debug!(
                        "client/registerCapability (id={}) registering {} method(s): {:?}",
                        request.id,
                        registrations.len(),
                        registrations.iter().map(|(m, _)| m).collect::<Vec<_>>()
                    );
                    if !registrations.is_empty() {
                        // Keep the task-side raw capability snapshot in sync for
                        // the few send gates that read it (pull diagnostics).
                        sync_raw_capabilities(capabilities, &registrations, true);
                        let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspDynamicCapabilities {
                            language: language.to_string(),
                            server_name: server_name.to_string(),
                            register: true,
                            registrations,
                        });
                    }
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
                "client/unregisterCapability" => {
                    // Mirror of registerCapability: the server is withdrawing a
                    // dynamically-registered provider, so clear the matching
                    // capability flag.
                    let methods = unregistrations_from_params(request.params.as_ref());
                    tracing::debug!(
                        "client/unregisterCapability (id={}) unregistering {} method(s): {:?}",
                        request.id,
                        methods.len(),
                        methods
                    );
                    if !methods.is_empty() {
                        let registrations: Vec<(String, Option<Value>)> =
                            methods.into_iter().map(|m| (m, None)).collect();
                        sync_raw_capabilities(capabilities, &registrations, false);
                        let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspDynamicCapabilities {
                            language: language.to_string(),
                            server_name: server_name.to_string(),
                            register: false,
                            registrations,
                        });
                    }
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
                "workspace/diagnostic/refresh" => {
                    // Server wants us to re-pull diagnostics for all open documents
                    // This typically happens after the project finishes loading
                    tracing::info!(
                        "LSP ({}) requested diagnostic refresh (workspace/diagnostic/refresh)",
                        language
                    );
                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspDiagnosticRefresh {
                        language: language.to_string(),
                    });
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
                "workspace/inlayHint/refresh" => {
                    // Server learned more (e.g. a cross-file type change) and
                    // wants cached inlay hints re-pulled for all open documents.
                    // Servers only send this because we advertise
                    // `workspace.inlayHint.refreshSupport` (sinelaw/fresh#2195 §2).
                    tracing::info!(
                        "LSP ({}) requested inlay-hint refresh (workspace/inlayHint/refresh)",
                        language
                    );
                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspInlayHintRefresh {
                        language: language.to_string(),
                    });
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
                "workspace/semanticTokens/refresh" => {
                    // Same idea as inlayHint/refresh, for semantic highlighting.
                    tracing::info!(
                        "LSP ({}) requested semantic-tokens refresh (workspace/semanticTokens/refresh)",
                        language
                    );
                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspSemanticTokensRefresh {
                        language: language.to_string(),
                    });
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
                "workspace/applyEdit" => {
                    // Server asks client to apply a workspace edit (e.g. during executeCommand)
                    tracing::info!("LSP ({}) received workspace/applyEdit request", language);
                    let applied = if let Some(params) = &request.params {
                        match serde_json::from_value::<lsp_types::ApplyWorkspaceEditParams>(
                            params.clone(),
                        ) {
                            Ok(apply_params) => {
                                let label = apply_params.label.clone();
                                let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspApplyEdit {
                                    edit: apply_params.edit,
                                    label,
                                });
                                true
                            }
                            Err(e) => {
                                tracing::error!(
                                    "Failed to parse workspace/applyEdit params: {}",
                                    e
                                );
                                false
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        false
                    };
                    JsonRpcResponse {
                        jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
                        id: request.id,
                        result: Some(serde_json::json!({ "applied": applied })),
                        error: None,
                    }
                }
                _ => {
                    // For unknown methods, notify plugins and return null to acknowledge receipt
                    tracing::debug!("Server request for plugins: {}", request.method);
                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspServerRequest {
                        language: language.to_string(),
                        server_command: server_command.to_string(),
                        method: request.method.clone(),
                        params: request.params.clone(),
                    });
                    null_response(request.id)
                }
            };

            // Write response directly to stdin (avoids deadlock when main loop is waiting for LSP response)
            let json = serde_json::to_string(&response)
                .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to serialize response: {}", e))?;
            let message = format!("Content-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}", json.len(), json);

            let mut stdin = stdin_writer.lock().await;
            use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
            if let Err(e) = stdin.write_all(message.as_bytes()).await {
                tracing::error!("Failed to write server response: {}", e);
            }
            if let Err(e) = stdin.flush().await {
                tracing::error!("Failed to flush server response: {}", e);
            }
            tracing::trace!("Sent response to server request id={}", response.id);
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Standalone function to handle notifications (for reader task)
#[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)] // async_tx.send() is best-effort; receiver drop means editor shutdown
async fn handle_notification_dispatch(
    notification: JsonRpcNotification,
    async_tx: &std_mpsc::Sender<AsyncMessage>,
    language: &str,
    server_name: &str,
    document_versions: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,
) -> Result<(), String> {
    match notification.method.as_str() {
        PublishDiagnostics::METHOD => {
            if let Some(params) = notification.params {
                let params: PublishDiagnosticsParams = serde_json::from_value(params)
                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to deserialize diagnostics: {}", e))?;

                // Drop stale diagnostics: if the server reports a version older than
                // the document version we last sent via didOpen/didChange, the diagnostics
                // are for an outdated snapshot and should be discarded.
                if let Some(diag_version) = params.version {
                    let path = PathBuf::from(params.uri.path().as_str());
                    let current_version = document_versions.lock().unwrap().get(&path).copied();
                    if let Some(current) = current_version {
                        if (diag_version as i64) < current {
                            tracing::debug!(
                                "LSP ({}): dropping stale diagnostics for {} (diag version {} < current {})",
                                language,
                                params.uri.as_str(),
                                diag_version,
                                current
                            );
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }
                }

                tracing::trace!(
                    "Received {} diagnostics for {}",
                    params.diagnostics.len(),
                    params.uri.as_str()
                );

                // Send to main loop
                let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspDiagnostics {
                    uri: params.uri.to_string(),
                    diagnostics: params.diagnostics,
                    server_name: server_name.to_string(),
                });
            }
        }
        "window/showMessage" => {
            if let Some((message_type, message)) = parse_window_message(notification.params, 3) {
                log_lsp_message(message_type, language, &message);
                let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspWindowMessage {
                    language: language.to_string(),
                    message_type,
                    message,
                });
            }
        }
        "window/logMessage" => {
            if let Some((message_type, message)) = parse_window_message(notification.params, 4) {
                log_lsp_message(message_type, language, &message);
                let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspLogMessage {
                    language: language.to_string(),
                    message_type,
                    message,
                });
            }
        }
        "$/progress" => {
            if let Some((token, value)) = parse_progress_notification(notification.params, language)
            {
                let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspProgress {
                    language: language.to_string(),
                    token,
                    value,
                });
            }
        }
        "experimental/serverStatus" => {
            // rust-analyzer specific: server status notification
            // When quiescent is true, the project is fully loaded
            if let Some(params) = notification.params {
                if let Ok(status) = serde_json::from_value::<serde_json::Map<String, Value>>(params)
                {
                    let quiescent = status
                        .get("quiescent")
                        .and_then(|v| v.as_bool())
                        .unwrap_or(false);

                    tracing::info!("LSP ({}) server status: quiescent={}", language, quiescent);

                    if quiescent {
                        // Project is fully loaded - notify editor to re-request inlay hints
                        let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspServerQuiescent {
                            language: language.to_string(),
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        _ => {
            tracing::debug!("Unhandled notification: {}", notification.method);
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Counter for generating unique LSP handle IDs
static NEXT_HANDLE_ID: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64 = std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(1);

/// Synchronous handle to an async LSP task
pub struct LspHandle {
    /// Unique identifier for this handle instance
    id: u64,

    /// Which languages this handle serves.
    scope: crate::services::lsp::manager::LanguageScope,

    /// Channel for sending commands to the task
    command_tx: mpsc::Sender<LspCommand>,

    /// Client state
    state: Arc<Mutex<LspClientState>>,

    /// Runtime handle for blocking operations
    runtime: tokio::runtime::Handle,

    /// Document version tracking (shared with the async LSP task).
    /// Used to check document versions in workspace/applyEdit.
    document_versions: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>>,
}

// Channel sends and state transitions in LspHandle are best-effort: async_tx.send()
// failures mean the editor is shutting down, state transition errors in error-handling
// paths are secondary, and try_send in Drop is inherently best-effort cleanup.
#[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)]
impl LspHandle {
    /// Spawn a new LSP server in an async task.
    ///
    /// `long_running_spawner` is the active authority's stdio-process
    /// spawner (see `AUTHORITY_DESIGN.md`). Container authorities wire
    /// a `docker exec -i`-routed variant here so the LSP server runs
    /// inside the container. `process_limits` is forwarded as-is; the
    /// spawner decides whether host-side enforcement makes sense
    /// (Local honors it, Docker logs and skips).
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn spawn(
        runtime: &tokio::runtime::Handle,
        command: &str,
        args: &[String],
        env: std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
        scope: crate::services::lsp::manager::LanguageScope,
        server_name: String,
        async_bridge: &AsyncBridge,
        process_limits: ProcessLimits,
        language_id_overrides: std::collections::HashMap<String, String>,
        long_running_spawner: Arc<dyn crate::services::remote::LongRunningSpawner>,
    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
        let (command_tx, command_rx) = mpsc::channel(100); // Buffer up to 100 commands
        let async_tx = async_bridge.sender();
        let language_label = scope.label().to_string();
        let language_clone = language_label.clone();
        let server_name_clone = server_name.clone();
        let command = command.to_string();
        let args = args.to_vec();
        let state = Arc::new(Mutex::new(LspClientState::Starting));

        // Create stderr log path in XDG state directory
        let stderr_log_path = crate::services::log_dirs::lsp_log_path(&language_label);

        // Send starting status
        let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspStatusUpdate {
            language: language_label.clone(),
            server_name: server_name_clone.clone(),
            status: LspServerStatus::Starting,
            message: None,
        });

        // Create shared document version tracking — shared between
        // the async LSP task and the LspHandle so the editor can check
        // versions when applying workspace edits from the server.
        let document_versions: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, i64>>> =
            Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
        let document_versions_for_task = document_versions.clone();

        let state_clone = state.clone();
        let stderr_log_path_clone = stderr_log_path.clone();
        runtime.spawn(async move {
            match LspTask::spawn(
                &command,
                &args,
                &env,
                language_clone.clone(),
                server_name_clone.clone(),
                async_tx.clone(),
                &process_limits,
                stderr_log_path_clone.clone(),
                language_id_overrides,
                document_versions_for_task,
                long_running_spawner,
            )
            .await
            {
                Ok(task) => {
                    task.run(command_rx).await;
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    tracing::error!("Failed to spawn LSP task: {}", e);

                    // Bug from interactive walkthrough (Critical 3):
                    // when an LSP fails to spawn (binary missing,
                    // permission error, etc.), the per-language log
                    // file at `lsp_log_path(language)` is never
                    // created — so the LSP popup's "View Log" item
                    // takes the `disabled()` branch and clicking it
                    // does nothing. Write a stub log here in the
                    // failure path with the configured command + the
                    // spawn error, so the popup item registers as
                    // enabled and opens something readable.
                    //
                    // The stub gets overwritten the moment a later
                    // successful spawn opens its own log at the same
                    // path, so it doesn't linger past recovery.
                    let stub = format!(
                        "[fresh] LSP server '{}' for {} failed to spawn:\n  {}\n\n\
                         Configured command: {} {}\n",
                        server_name_clone,
                        language_clone,
                        e,
                        command,
                        args.join(" "),
                    );
                    if let Err(write_err) = std::fs::write(&stderr_log_path_clone, stub.as_bytes())
                    {
                        tracing::warn!(
                            "Failed to write LSP failure-stub log for {}: {}",
                            language_clone,
                            write_err,
                        );
                    }

                    // Transition to error state
                    if let Ok(mut s) = state_clone.lock() {
                        let _ = s.transition_to(LspClientState::Error);
                    }

                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspStatusUpdate {
                        language: language_clone.clone(),
                        server_name: server_name_clone.clone(),
                        status: LspServerStatus::Error,
                        message: None,
                    });
                    let _ = async_tx.send(AsyncMessage::LspError {
                        language: language_clone,
                        error: e,
                        stderr_log_path: Some(stderr_log_path_clone),
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        let id = NEXT_HANDLE_ID.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);

        Ok(Self {
            id,
            scope,
            command_tx,
            state,
            runtime: runtime.clone(),
            document_versions,
        })
    }

    /// Get the unique ID for this handle instance
    pub fn id(&self) -> u64 {
        self.id
    }

    /// Get the language scope this handle serves.
    pub fn scope(&self) -> &crate::services::lsp::manager::LanguageScope {
        &self.scope
    }

    /// Get the document version for a file path, as last sent via didOpen/didChange.
    /// Returns None if the document hasn't been opened with this server.
    pub fn document_version(&self, path: &std::path::Path) -> Option<i64> {
        self.document_versions
            .lock()
            .ok()
            .and_then(|versions| versions.get(path).copied())
    }

    /// Initialize the server (non-blocking)
    ///
    /// This sends the initialize request asynchronously. The server will be ready
    /// when `is_initialized()` returns true. Other methods that require initialization
    /// will fail gracefully until then.
    ///
    /// The `initialization_options` are passed to the server during initialization.
    /// Some servers like Deno require specific options (e.g., `{"enable": true}`).
    pub fn initialize(
        &self,
        root_uri: Option<Uri>,
        initialization_options: Option<Value>,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        // Validate state transition
        {
            let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
            if !state.can_initialize() {
                return Err(format!(
                    "Cannot initialize: client is in state {:?}",
                    *state
                ));
            }
            // Transition to Initializing
            state.transition_to(LspClientState::Initializing)?;
        }

        let state = self.state.clone();

        // Create a channel for the response, but don't wait for it
        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();

        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::Initialize {
                root_uri,
                initialization_options,
                response: tx,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send initialize command".to_string())?;

        // Spawn a task to wait for the response and update the state
        let runtime = self.runtime.clone();
        runtime.spawn(async move {
            match tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60), rx).await {
                Ok(Ok(Ok(_))) => {
                    // Successfully initialized
                    if let Ok(mut s) = state.lock() {
                        let _ = s.transition_to(LspClientState::Running);
                    }
                    tracing::info!("LSP initialization completed successfully");
                }
                Ok(Ok(Err(e))) => {
                    tracing::error!("LSP initialization failed: {}", e);
                    if let Ok(mut s) = state.lock() {
                        let _ = s.transition_to(LspClientState::Error);
                    }
                }
                Ok(Err(_)) => {
                    tracing::error!("LSP initialization response channel closed");
                    if let Ok(mut s) = state.lock() {
                        let _ = s.transition_to(LspClientState::Error);
                    }
                }
                Err(_) => {
                    tracing::error!("LSP initialization timed out after 60 seconds");
                    if let Ok(mut s) = state.lock() {
                        let _ = s.transition_to(LspClientState::Error);
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Check if the server is initialized
    pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.lock().unwrap().can_send_requests()
    }

    /// Get the current client state
    pub fn state(&self) -> LspClientState {
        *self.state.lock().unwrap()
    }

    /// Notify document opened
    ///
    /// The `language_id` should match this handle's language. If it doesn't,
    /// a warning is logged but the notification is still sent (the server
    /// will receive it with the specified language_id).
    pub fn did_open(&self, uri: Uri, text: String, language_id: String) -> Result<(), String> {
        // Verify the document language is accepted by this handle.
        if !self.scope.accepts(&language_id) {
            tracing::warn!(
                "did_open: document language '{}' not accepted by LSP handle (serves {:?}) for {}",
                language_id,
                self.scope,
                uri.as_str()
            );
            return Err(format!(
                "Language mismatch: document is '{}' but LSP serves {:?}",
                language_id, self.scope
            ));
        }

        // Send command to LspTask which will queue it if not initialized yet
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DidOpen {
                uri,
                text,
                language_id,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send did_open command".to_string())
    }

    /// Notify document changed
    pub fn did_change(
        &self,
        uri: Uri,
        content_changes: Vec<TextDocumentContentChangeEvent>,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        // Send command to LspTask which will queue it if not initialized yet
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DidChange {
                uri,
                content_changes,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send did_change command".to_string())
    }

    /// Send didClose notification
    pub fn did_close(&self, uri: Uri) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DidClose { uri })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send did_close command".to_string())
    }

    /// Send didSave notification
    pub fn did_save(&self, uri: Uri, text: Option<String>) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DidSave { uri, text })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send did_save command".to_string())
    }

    /// Add a workspace folder to the running LSP server
    pub fn add_workspace_folder(&self, uri: lsp_types::Uri, name: String) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DidChangeWorkspaceFolders {
                added: vec![lsp_types::WorkspaceFolder { uri, name }],
                removed: vec![],
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send workspace folder change".to_string())
    }

    /// Request completion at position
    pub fn completion(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::Completion {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send completion command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request go-to-definition
    pub fn goto_definition(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::GotoDefinition {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send goto_definition command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request rename
    pub fn rename(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
        new_name: String,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::Rename {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
                new_name,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send rename command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request hover documentation
    pub fn hover(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::Hover {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send hover command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request find references
    pub fn references(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::References {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send references command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request signature help
    pub fn signature_help(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::SignatureHelp {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send signature_help command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request code actions
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn code_actions(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        diagnostics: Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::CodeActions {
                request_id,
                uri,
                start_line,
                start_char,
                end_line,
                end_char,
                diagnostics,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send code_actions command".to_string())
    }

    /// Execute a command on the server (workspace/executeCommand)
    ///
    /// The response is usually null — the real effect comes via workspace/applyEdit
    /// requests sent by the server during command execution.
    pub fn execute_command(
        &self,
        command: String,
        arguments: Option<Vec<Value>>,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::ExecuteCommand { command, arguments })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send execute_command command".to_string())
    }

    /// Resolve a code action to get full edit/command details (codeAction/resolve)
    ///
    /// Only call this when the action has no `edit` and no `command` but has `data`,
    /// and the server supports resolveProvider.
    pub fn code_action_resolve(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        action: lsp_types::CodeAction,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::CodeActionResolve {
                request_id,
                action: Box::new(action),
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send code_action_resolve command".to_string())
    }

    /// Resolve a completion item to get full details (completionItem/resolve)
    pub fn completion_resolve(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        item: lsp_types::CompletionItem,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::CompletionResolve {
                request_id,
                item: Box::new(item),
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send completion_resolve command".to_string())
    }

    /// Format a document (textDocument/formatting)
    pub fn document_formatting(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        tab_size: u32,
        insert_spaces: bool,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DocumentFormatting {
                request_id,
                uri,
                tab_size,
                insert_spaces,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send document_formatting command".to_string())
    }

    /// Format a range in a document (textDocument/rangeFormatting)
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn document_range_formatting(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
        tab_size: u32,
        insert_spaces: bool,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DocumentRangeFormatting {
                request_id,
                uri,
                start_line,
                start_char,
                end_line,
                end_char,
                tab_size,
                insert_spaces,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send document_range_formatting command".to_string())
    }

    /// Validate rename at position (textDocument/prepareRename)
    pub fn prepare_rename(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        line: u32,
        character: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::PrepareRename {
                request_id,
                uri,
                line,
                character,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send prepare_rename command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request document diagnostics (pull model)
    ///
    /// This sends a textDocument/diagnostic request to fetch diagnostics on demand.
    /// Use `previous_result_id` for incremental updates (server may return unchanged).
    pub fn document_diagnostic(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        previous_result_id: Option<String>,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::DocumentDiagnostic {
                request_id,
                uri,
                previous_result_id,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send document_diagnostic command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request inlay hints for a range (LSP 3.17+)
    ///
    /// Inlay hints are virtual text annotations displayed inline (e.g., type hints, parameter names).
    pub fn inlay_hints(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        start_line: u32,
        start_char: u32,
        end_line: u32,
        end_char: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::InlayHints {
                request_id,
                uri,
                start_line,
                start_char,
                end_line,
                end_char,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send inlay_hints command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request folding ranges for a document
    pub fn folding_ranges(&self, request_id: u64, uri: Uri) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::FoldingRange { request_id, uri })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send folding_range command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request semantic tokens for an entire document
    pub fn semantic_tokens_full(&self, request_id: u64, uri: Uri) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::SemanticTokensFull { request_id, uri })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send semantic_tokens command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request semantic tokens delta for an entire document
    pub fn semantic_tokens_full_delta(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        previous_result_id: String,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::SemanticTokensFullDelta {
                request_id,
                uri,
                previous_result_id,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send semantic_tokens delta command".to_string())
    }

    /// Request semantic tokens for a range
    pub fn semantic_tokens_range(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        uri: Uri,
        range: lsp_types::Range,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::SemanticTokensRange {
                request_id,
                uri,
                range,
            })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send semantic_tokens_range command".to_string())
    }

    /// Cancel a pending request by its editor request_id
    ///
    /// This sends a $/cancelRequest notification to the LSP server.
    /// If the request has already completed or doesn't exist, this is a no-op.
    pub fn cancel_request(&self, request_id: u64) -> Result<(), String> {
        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::CancelRequest { request_id })
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send cancel_request command".to_string())
    }

    /// Send a custom LSP request initiated by a plugin
    pub fn send_plugin_request(
        &self,
        request_id: u64,
        method: String,
        params: Option<Value>,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        tracing::trace!(
            "LspHandle sending plugin request {}: method={}",
            request_id,
            method
        );
        match self.command_tx.try_send(LspCommand::PluginRequest {
            request_id,
            method,
            params,
        }) {
            Ok(()) => {
                tracing::trace!(
                    "LspHandle enqueued plugin request {} successfully",
                    request_id
                );
                Ok(())
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!("Failed to enqueue plugin request {}: {}", request_id, e);
                Err("Failed to send plugin LSP request".to_string())
            }
        }
    }

    /// Shutdown the server
    pub fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
        // Transition to Stopping state
        {
            let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
            if let Err(e) = state.transition_to(LspClientState::Stopping) {
                tracing::warn!("State transition warning during shutdown: {}", e);
                // Don't fail shutdown due to state transition errors
            }
        }

        self.command_tx
            .try_send(LspCommand::Shutdown)
            .map_err(|_| "Failed to send shutdown command".to_string())?;

        // Transition to Stopped state
        // Note: This happens optimistically. The actual shutdown might take time.
        {
            let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
            let _ = state.transition_to(LspClientState::Stopped);
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)] // Best-effort cleanup in Drop; failures are not actionable
impl Drop for LspHandle {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Best-effort shutdown on drop
        // Use try_send instead of blocking_send to avoid panicking if:
        // 1. The tokio runtime is shut down
        // 2. The channel is full or closed
        // 3. We're dropping during a panic
        let _ = self.command_tx.try_send(LspCommand::Shutdown);

        // Update state to Stopped
        if let Ok(mut state) = self.state.lock() {
            let _ = state.transition_to(LspClientState::Stopped);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::services::lsp::manager::LanguageScope;
    use crate::services::remote::LocalLongRunningSpawner;

    /// A `workspace/configuration` request item asking for `section`.
    fn config_item(section: &str) -> Value {
        serde_json::json!({ "section": section })
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_resolves_section_from_init_options() {
        // harper-ls pulls the "harper-ls" section; it must receive the inner
        // object from its configured init options, not a rust-analyzer blob.
        let opts = serde_json::json!({
            "harper-ls": { "linters": { "SpellCheck": false } }
        });
        let configs =
            resolve_workspace_configuration(&[config_item("harper-ls")], Some(&opts), "harper-ls");
        assert_eq!(
            configs,
            vec![serde_json::json!({ "linters": { "SpellCheck": false } })]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_resolves_dotted_section() {
        let opts = serde_json::json!({ "a": { "b": { "c": 1 } } });
        let configs =
            resolve_workspace_configuration(&[config_item("a.b")], Some(&opts), "some-ls");
        assert_eq!(configs, vec![serde_json::json!({ "c": 1 })]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_unknown_section_is_null_for_non_rust() {
        // A section we have no configuration for yields null ("use defaults"),
        // never another server's config.
        let opts = serde_json::json!({ "harper-ls": { "linters": {} } });
        let configs =
            resolve_workspace_configuration(&[config_item("marksman")], Some(&opts), "marksman");
        assert_eq!(configs, vec![Value::Null]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_rust_analyzer_default_enables_inlay_hints() {
        // rust-analyzer ships no init options yet still needs inlay hints on.
        for command in [
            "rust-analyzer",
            "/usr/local/bin/rust-analyzer",
            "custom-rust-analyzer",
        ] {
            let configs =
                resolve_workspace_configuration(&[config_item("rust-analyzer")], None, command);
            assert_eq!(configs.len(), 1);
            assert_eq!(
                configs[0]["inlayHints"]["typeHints"]["enable"], true,
                "{command}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_non_rust_without_options_is_null() {
        let configs =
            resolve_workspace_configuration(&[config_item("harper-ls")], None, "harper-ls");
        assert_eq!(configs, vec![Value::Null]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_one_response_per_item() {
        let opts = serde_json::json!({ "a": 1, "b": 2 });
        let configs = resolve_workspace_configuration(
            &[config_item("a"), config_item("b"), config_item("missing")],
            Some(&opts),
            "some-ls",
        );
        assert_eq!(
            configs,
            vec![serde_json::json!(1), serde_json::json!(2), Value::Null]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn workspace_configuration_no_items_returns_whole_object() {
        // A request with no items (section unset) gets the whole config object.
        let opts = serde_json::json!({ "linters": { "SpellCheck": false } });
        let configs = resolve_workspace_configuration(&[], Some(&opts), "harper-ls");
        assert_eq!(configs, vec![opts]);
    }

    /// Shared spawner used by every LspHandle::spawn test so individual
    /// call sites stay legible. Host-local, no limits applied.
    fn local_spawner() -> Arc<dyn crate::services::remote::LongRunningSpawner> {
        Arc::new(LocalLongRunningSpawner::new(
            Arc::new(crate::services::env_provider::EnvProvider::inactive()),
            Arc::new(crate::services::workspace_trust::WorkspaceTrust::permissive()),
        ))
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_request_serialization() {
        let request = JsonRpcRequest {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            id: JsonRpcId::Number(1),
            method: "initialize".to_string(),
            params: Some(serde_json::json!({"rootUri": "file:///test"})),
        };

        let json = serde_json::to_string(&request).unwrap();
        assert!(json.contains("\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\""));
        assert!(json.contains("\"id\":1"));
        assert!(json.contains("\"method\":\"initialize\""));
        assert!(json.contains("\"rootUri\":\"file:///test\""));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_response_serialization() {
        let response = JsonRpcResponse {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            id: JsonRpcId::Number(1),
            result: Some(serde_json::json!({"success": true})),
            error: None,
        };

        let json = serde_json::to_string(&response).unwrap();
        assert!(json.contains("\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\""));
        assert!(json.contains("\"id\":1"));
        assert!(json.contains("\"success\":true"));
        assert!(!json.contains("\"error\""));
    }

    /// rust-analyzer (and other LSP servers that mirror its behaviour) returns
    /// `null` for `textDocument/codeAction` when the client did not advertise
    /// `codeActionLiteralSupport` at initialize, because they cannot represent
    /// `WorkspaceEdit`-based assists like "Fill struct fields" as the
    /// `Command`-only fallback the spec falls back to.  Without this capability
    /// users see "No code actions available" for every Rust quickfix
    /// (sinelaw/fresh#1915).
    #[test]
    fn code_action_capability_advertises_literal_support() {
        let caps = create_client_capabilities();
        let code_action = caps
            .text_document
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|td| td.code_action.as_ref())
            .expect("code_action capability must be set");

        let literal = code_action
            .code_action_literal_support
            .as_ref()
            .expect("codeActionLiteralSupport must be advertised");

        let kinds = &literal.code_action_kind.value_set;
        for required in [
            "",
            "quickfix",
            "refactor",
            "refactor.extract",
            "refactor.inline",
            "refactor.rewrite",
            "source",
            "source.organizeImports",
        ] {
            assert!(
                kinds.iter().any(|k| k == required),
                "expected codeActionKind value_set to include {required:?}, got {kinds:?}",
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn advertises_dynamic_registration_on_honored_capabilities() {
        // Servers that register providers dynamically only do so when the
        // client advertised `dynamicRegistration` for that capability
        // (sinelaw/fresh#2195 §1). Spot-check the ones most commonly registered
        // dynamically.
        let caps = create_client_capabilities();
        let td = caps
            .text_document
            .as_ref()
            .expect("text_document capabilities must be set");

        assert_eq!(
            td.inlay_hint.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.dynamic_registration),
            Some(true),
            "inlay_hint must advertise dynamicRegistration"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            td.completion.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.dynamic_registration),
            Some(true),
            "completion must advertise dynamicRegistration"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            td.formatting.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.dynamic_registration),
            Some(true),
            "formatting must advertise dynamicRegistration"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            td.document_symbol
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|c| c.dynamic_registration),
            Some(true),
            "document_symbol must advertise dynamicRegistration"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            caps.workspace
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|w| w.symbol.as_ref())
                .and_then(|s| s.dynamic_registration),
            Some(true),
            "workspace.symbol must advertise dynamicRegistration"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn advertises_inlay_hint_and_semantic_tokens_refresh_support() {
        // A server only sends `workspace/inlayHint/refresh` (and the semantic
        // tokens equivalent) when the client advertised refresh support; we now
        // handle both, so both must be advertised (sinelaw/fresh#2195 §2).
        let caps = create_client_capabilities();
        let workspace = caps.workspace.as_ref().expect("workspace caps must be set");

        assert_eq!(
            workspace
                .inlay_hint
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|c| c.refresh_support),
            Some(true),
            "workspace.inlayHint.refreshSupport must be advertised"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            workspace
                .semantic_tokens
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|c| c.refresh_support),
            Some(true),
            "workspace.semanticTokens.refreshSupport must be advertised"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn sync_raw_capabilities_mirrors_dynamic_diagnostic_provider() {
        // The task-side raw `ServerCapabilities` snapshot gates pull diagnostics
        // (`handle_document_diagnostic`). A server like pyright registers
        // `diagnosticProvider` dynamically, not statically, so without mirroring
        // it here the pull is silently skipped (sinelaw/fresh#2195).
        let caps: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<ServerCapabilities>>> =
            Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Some(ServerCapabilities::default())));
        assert!(caps
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .as_ref()
            .unwrap()
            .diagnostic_provider
            .is_none());

        sync_raw_capabilities(
            &caps,
            &[("textDocument/diagnostic".to_string(), None)],
            true,
        );
        assert!(
            caps.lock()
                .unwrap()
                .as_ref()
                .unwrap()
                .diagnostic_provider
                .is_some(),
            "dynamic diagnostic registration must set diagnostic_provider so pulls aren't skipped"
        );

        sync_raw_capabilities(
            &caps,
            &[("textDocument/diagnostic".to_string(), None)],
            false,
        );
        assert!(
            caps.lock()
                .unwrap()
                .as_ref()
                .unwrap()
                .diagnostic_provider
                .is_none(),
            "unregister must clear diagnostic_provider"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn sync_raw_capabilities_ignores_non_diagnostic_methods() {
        // Only the diagnostic provider is gated task-side; other methods must
        // not disturb the raw snapshot (they gate on the main-loop summary).
        let caps: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<ServerCapabilities>>> =
            Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(None));
        sync_raw_capabilities(&caps, &[("textDocument/hover".to_string(), None)], true);
        assert!(
            caps.lock().unwrap().is_none(),
            "a non-diagnostic registration must not materialize the raw snapshot"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_register_and_unregister_capability_params() {
        let register = serde_json::json!({
            "registrations": [
                { "id": "1", "method": "textDocument/inlayHint" },
                {
                    "id": "2",
                    "method": "textDocument/completion",
                    "registerOptions": { "triggerCharacters": ["."] }
                }
            ]
        });
        let parsed = registrations_from_params(Some(&register));
        assert_eq!(parsed.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(parsed[0].0, "textDocument/inlayHint");
        assert!(parsed[0].1.is_none());
        assert_eq!(parsed[1].0, "textDocument/completion");
        assert!(parsed[1].1.is_some());

        let unregister = serde_json::json!({
            "unregisterations": [
                { "id": "1", "method": "textDocument/inlayHint" }
            ]
        });
        let methods = unregistrations_from_params(Some(&unregister));
        assert_eq!(methods, vec!["textDocument/inlayHint".to_string()]);

        // Malformed params must not panic and yield empty lists.
        assert!(registrations_from_params(Some(&serde_json::json!({ "bogus": 1 }))).is_empty());
        assert!(unregistrations_from_params(None).is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_error_response() {
        let response = JsonRpcResponse {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            id: JsonRpcId::Number(1),
            result: None,
            error: Some(JsonRpcError {
                code: -32600,
                message: "Invalid request".to_string(),
                data: None,
            }),
        };

        let json = serde_json::to_string(&response).unwrap();
        assert!(json.contains("\"error\""));
        assert!(json.contains("\"code\":-32600"));
        assert!(json.contains("\"message\":\"Invalid request\""));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_suppressed_error_codes() {
        // ContentModified and ServerCancelled are normal during editing.
        assert!(is_suppressed_error_code(LSP_ERROR_CONTENT_MODIFIED));
        assert!(is_suppressed_error_code(LSP_ERROR_SERVER_CANCELLED));

        // Every other JSON-RPC / LSP error must still surface so genuine
        // protocol mismatches stay debuggable — including MethodNotFound
        // (-32601), which signals "we sent a request the server doesn't
        // handle" and should be fixed with a capability check, not a filter.
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(-32600)); // Invalid request
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(-32601)); // Method not found
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(-32602)); // Invalid params
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(-32603)); // Internal error
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(-32700)); // Parse error
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(0));

        // RequestFailed is NOT a blanket-suppressed code: on its own it still
        // warns. It is only downgraded for informational methods (below).
        assert!(!is_suppressed_error_code(LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_request_failed_suppressed_only_for_informational_methods() {
        // asm-lsp answers a hover over a non-opcode token with
        // `-32803 "No information available"` instead of a null result
        // (sinelaw/fresh#2296). That's a routine "nothing here", so an
        // informational method must not warn...
        assert!(is_suppressed_response_error(
            LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED,
            "textDocument/hover"
        ));
        assert!(is_suppressed_response_error(
            LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED,
            "textDocument/completion"
        ));

        // ...but a RequestFailed from a mutating/actionable method is a real
        // problem the user should be able to see.
        assert!(!is_suppressed_response_error(
            LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED,
            "textDocument/formatting"
        ));
        assert!(!is_suppressed_response_error(
            LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED,
            "textDocument/rename"
        ));

        // The method gate only applies to RequestFailed; other errors on an
        // informational method still surface.
        assert!(!is_suppressed_response_error(-32603, "textDocument/hover"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_request_failed_on_hover_is_not_logged_as_warn() {
        // The exact scenario from the bug report: a hover RequestFailed must
        // stay at debug so a normal "no docs here" hover doesn't spam warnings.
        let (emitted, contents) = capture_warn_logs(|| {
            log_response_error(
                LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED,
                "No information available",
                "asm-lsp",
                "asm",
                "textDocument/hover",
            );
        });
        assert!(
            !emitted,
            "hover RequestFailed must not notify the WARN channel; got log:\n{}",
            contents
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_request_failed_on_formatting_still_warns() {
        let (emitted, _contents) = capture_warn_logs(|| {
            log_response_error(
                LSP_ERROR_REQUEST_FAILED,
                "formatting failed",
                "some-server",
                "rust",
                "textDocument/formatting",
            );
        });
        assert!(
            emitted,
            "RequestFailed on an actionable method should still WARN"
        );
    }

    /// Scope a `WarningLogLayer` to the current thread and run `body`. Returns
    /// whether the layer observed a WARN/ERROR record, plus the captured log
    /// file contents for assertion on the formatted message.
    fn capture_warn_logs(body: impl FnOnce()) -> (bool, String) {
        use std::time::Duration;
        use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
        use tracing_subscriber::prelude::*;

        let log_file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
        let log_path = log_file.into_temp_path();
        let (layer, handle) =
            crate::services::warning_log::create_with_path(log_path.to_path_buf()).unwrap();
        let subscriber = tracing_subscriber::registry().with(layer);

        tracing::subscriber::with_default(subscriber, body);

        let emitted = handle
            .receiver
            .recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(100))
            .is_ok();
        let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&log_path).unwrap_or_default();
        (emitted, contents)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_content_modified_and_server_cancelled_are_not_logged_as_warn() {
        for code in [LSP_ERROR_CONTENT_MODIFIED, LSP_ERROR_SERVER_CANCELLED] {
            let (emitted, contents) = capture_warn_logs(|| {
                log_response_error(
                    code,
                    "expected during editing",
                    "rust-analyzer",
                    "rust",
                    "textDocument/completion",
                );
            });
            assert!(
                !emitted,
                "code {} must not notify the WARN channel; got log:\n{}",
                code, contents
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_method_not_found_still_surfaces_as_warn() {
        // MethodNotFound must WARN so we notice when we're sending requests a
        // server doesn't support. The fix for that class of bug belongs in the
        // caller (check capabilities first), not in the error filter.
        let (emitted, contents) = capture_warn_logs(|| {
            log_response_error(
                -32601,
                "Unhandled method textDocument/inlayHint",
                "vscode-json-language-server",
                "json",
                "textDocument/inlayHint",
            );
        });
        assert!(
            emitted,
            "MethodNotFound should notify the WARN channel so the mismatch is visible"
        );
        assert!(
            contents.contains("code -32601"),
            "WARN log should record the error code; got:\n{}",
            contents
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_non_suppressed_errors_still_warn() {
        // InternalError (-32603) and other unexpected codes must continue
        // to surface so genuine server misbehaviour stays visible.
        let (emitted, contents) = capture_warn_logs(|| {
            log_response_error(
                -32603,
                "internal error",
                "rust-analyzer",
                "rust",
                "textDocument/hover",
            );
        });
        assert!(
            emitted,
            "non-suppressed error codes should notify the WARN channel"
        );
        assert!(
            contents.contains("code -32603"),
            "WARN log should record the error code; got:\n{}",
            contents
        );
        assert!(
            contents.contains("rust-analyzer"),
            "WARN log should record the server name; got:\n{}",
            contents
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_notification_serialization() {
        let notification = JsonRpcNotification {
            jsonrpc: "2.0".to_string(),
            method: "textDocument/didOpen".to_string(),
            params: Some(serde_json::json!({"uri": "file:///test.rs"})),
        };

        let json = serde_json::to_string(&notification).unwrap();
        assert!(json.contains("\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\""));
        assert!(json.contains("\"method\":\"textDocument/didOpen\""));
        assert!(json.contains("\"uri\":\"file:///test.rs\""));
        assert!(!json.contains("\"id\"")); // Notifications have no ID
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_message_deserialization_request() {
        let json =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"initialize","params":{"rootUri":"file:///test"}}"#;
        let message: JsonRpcMessage = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();

        match message {
            JsonRpcMessage::Request(request) => {
                assert_eq!(request.jsonrpc, "2.0");
                assert_eq!(request.id, JsonRpcId::Number(1));
                assert_eq!(request.method, "initialize");
                assert!(request.params.is_some());
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected Request"),
        }
    }

    /// Eclipse LSP4J servers (jdtls, the Groovy/Kotlin servers, lemminx, …)
    /// send the requests they initiate — notably `client/registerCapability` —
    /// with a **string** JSON-RPC id. Such a message must still deserialize as
    /// a `Request` so it reaches the request handler (which records the
    /// dynamically-registered capability and acks the request).
    ///
    /// Before the id type accepted strings this parsed as a `Notification`
    /// (the untagged enum fell through and the stray `id` was dropped), so
    /// jdtls's dynamically-registered completion never turned on
    /// (sinelaw/fresh#2340).
    #[test]
    fn string_id_request_deserializes_as_request_not_notification() {
        let json = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"dyn-reg-1","method":"client/registerCapability","params":{"registrations":[{"id":"completion-reg","method":"textDocument/completion"}]}}"#;
        let message: JsonRpcMessage = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();

        match message {
            JsonRpcMessage::Request(request) => {
                assert_eq!(request.id, JsonRpcId::Str("dyn-reg-1".to_string()));
                assert_eq!(request.method, "client/registerCapability");
            }
            other => panic!("expected Request for a string-id message, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    /// The string id must round-trip on the way back out, so the `null` ack we
    /// send for a server-initiated request correlates on the server side.
    #[test]
    fn null_response_preserves_string_id() {
        let json = serde_json::to_string(&null_response(JsonRpcId::Str("dyn-reg-1".to_string())))
            .expect("serialize null response");
        assert!(
            json.contains(r#""id":"dyn-reg-1""#),
            "string id must be echoed verbatim, got: {json}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_message_deserialization_response() {
        let json = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"success":true}}"#;
        let message: JsonRpcMessage = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();

        match message {
            JsonRpcMessage::Response(response) => {
                assert_eq!(response.jsonrpc, "2.0");
                assert_eq!(response.id, JsonRpcId::Number(1));
                assert!(response.result.is_some());
                assert!(response.error.is_none());
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected Response"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_message_deserialization_notification() {
        let json = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"textDocument/didOpen","params":{"uri":"file:///test.rs"}}"#;
        let message: JsonRpcMessage = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();

        match message {
            JsonRpcMessage::Notification(notification) => {
                assert_eq!(notification.jsonrpc, "2.0");
                assert_eq!(notification.method, "textDocument/didOpen");
                assert!(notification.params.is_some());
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected Notification"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_rpc_error_deserialization() {
        let json =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"error":{"code":-32600,"message":"Invalid request"}}"#;
        let message: JsonRpcMessage = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();

        match message {
            JsonRpcMessage::Response(response) => {
                assert_eq!(response.jsonrpc, "2.0");
                assert_eq!(response.id, JsonRpcId::Number(1));
                assert!(response.result.is_none());
                assert!(response.error.is_some());
                let error = response.error.unwrap();
                assert_eq!(error.code, -32600);
                assert_eq!(error.message, "Invalid request");
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected Response with error"),
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_spawn_and_drop() {
        // This test spawns a mock LSP server (cat command that echoes input)
        // and tests the spawn/drop lifecycle
        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        // Use 'cat' as a mock LSP server (it will just echo stdin to stdout)
        // This will fail to initialize but allows us to test the spawn mechanism
        let result = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "cat",
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        );

        // Should succeed in spawning
        assert!(result.is_ok());

        let handle = result.unwrap();

        // Let handle drop (which calls shutdown via Drop impl)
        drop(handle);

        // Give task time to receive shutdown and exit
        tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(50)).await;
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_did_open_queues_before_initialization() {
        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        let handle = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "cat",
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // did_open now succeeds and queues the command for when server is initialized
        let result = handle.did_open(
            "file:///test.txt".parse().unwrap(),
            "fn main() {}".to_string(),
            "test".to_string(),
        );

        // Should succeed (command is queued)
        assert!(result.is_ok());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_did_change_queues_before_initialization() {
        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        let handle = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "cat",
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Test incremental sync: insert "fn main() {}" at position (0, 0)
        let result = handle.did_change(
            "file:///test.rs".parse().unwrap(),
            vec![TextDocumentContentChangeEvent {
                range: Some(lsp_types::Range::new(
                    lsp_types::Position::new(0, 0),
                    lsp_types::Position::new(0, 0),
                )),
                range_length: None,
                text: "fn main() {}".to_string(),
            }],
        );

        // Should succeed (command is queued)
        assert!(result.is_ok());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_incremental_change_with_range() {
        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        let handle = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "cat",
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Test incremental delete: remove text from (0, 3) to (0, 7)
        let result = handle.did_change(
            "file:///test.rs".parse().unwrap(),
            vec![TextDocumentContentChangeEvent {
                range: Some(lsp_types::Range::new(
                    lsp_types::Position::new(0, 3),
                    lsp_types::Position::new(0, 7),
                )),
                range_length: None,
                text: String::new(), // Empty string for deletion
            }],
        );

        // Should succeed (command is queued)
        assert!(result.is_ok());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_spawn_invalid_command() {
        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        // Try to spawn with an invalid command
        let result = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "this-command-does-not-exist-12345",
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        );

        // Should succeed in creating handle (error happens asynchronously)
        // The error will be sent to async_bridge
        assert!(result.is_ok());

        // Give the task time to fail
        tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(100)).await;

        // Check that we received an error message
        let messages = async_bridge.try_recv_all();
        assert!(!messages.is_empty());

        let has_error = messages
            .iter()
            .any(|msg| matches!(msg, AsyncMessage::LspError { .. }));
        assert!(has_error, "Expected LspError message");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lsp_handle_shutdown_from_sync_context() {
        // Test shutdown from a synchronous context (requires spawning a separate thread)
        // This simulates how shutdown is called from the main editor loop
        std::thread::spawn(|| {
            // Create a tokio runtime for this thread
            let rt = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
            let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

            let handle = rt.block_on(async {
                let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
                LspHandle::spawn(
                    &runtime,
                    "cat",
                    &[],
                    Default::default(),
                    LanguageScope::single("test"),
                    "test-server".to_string(),
                    &async_bridge,
                    ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
                    Default::default(),
                    local_spawner(),
                )
                .unwrap()
            });

            // This should succeed from a non-async context
            assert!(handle.shutdown().is_ok());

            // Give task time to exit
            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50));
        })
        .join()
        .unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lsp_command_debug_format() {
        // Test that LspCommand has Debug implementation
        let cmd = LspCommand::Shutdown;
        let debug_str = format!("{:?}", cmd);
        assert!(debug_str.contains("Shutdown"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lsp_client_state_can_initialize_from_starting() {
        // This test verifies that the state machine allows initialization from the Starting state.
        // This is critical because LspHandle::spawn() sets state to Starting, and then
        // get_or_spawn() immediately calls handle.initialize(). Without this fix,
        // initialization would fail with "Cannot initialize: client is in state Starting".

        let state = LspClientState::Starting;

        // The fix: Starting state should allow initialization
        assert!(
            state.can_initialize(),
            "Starting state must allow initialization to avoid race condition"
        );

        // Verify the full initialization flow works
        let mut state = LspClientState::Starting;

        // Should be able to transition to Initializing
        assert!(state.can_transition_to(LspClientState::Initializing));
        assert!(state.transition_to(LspClientState::Initializing).is_ok());

        // And then to Running
        assert!(state.can_transition_to(LspClientState::Running));
        assert!(state.transition_to(LspClientState::Running).is_ok());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_initialize_from_starting_state() {
        // This test reproduces the bug where initialize() would fail because
        // the handle's state is Starting (set by spawn()) but can_initialize()
        // only allowed Initial or Stopped states.
        //
        // The bug manifested as:
        // ERROR: Failed to send initialize command for rust: Cannot initialize: client is in state Starting

        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        // Spawn creates the handle with state = Starting
        let handle = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "cat", // Simple command that will exit immediately
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Immediately call initialize - this is what get_or_spawn() does
        // Before the fix, this would fail with "Cannot initialize: client is in state Starting"
        let result = handle.initialize(None, None);

        assert!(
            result.is_ok(),
            "initialize() must succeed from Starting state. Got error: {:?}",
            result.err()
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_state_machine_race_condition_fix() {
        // Integration test that simulates the exact flow that was broken:
        // 1. LspManager::get_or_spawn() calls LspHandle::spawn()
        // 2. spawn() sets state to Starting and spawns async task
        // 3. get_or_spawn() immediately calls handle.initialize()
        // 4. initialize() should succeed even though state is Starting

        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        // Create a simple fake LSP server script that responds to initialize
        let fake_lsp_script = r#"
            read -r line  # Read Content-Length header
            read -r empty # Read empty line
            read -r json  # Read JSON body

            # Send a valid initialize response
            response='{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"capabilities":{}}}'
            echo "Content-Length: ${#response}"
            echo ""
            echo -n "$response"

            # Keep running to avoid EOF
            sleep 10
        "#;

        // Spawn with bash to execute the fake LSP
        let handle = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "bash",
            &["-c".to_string(), fake_lsp_script.to_string()],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("fake"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // This is the critical test: initialize must succeed from Starting state
        let init_result = handle.initialize(None, None);
        assert!(
            init_result.is_ok(),
            "initialize() failed from Starting state: {:?}",
            init_result.err()
        );

        // Give the async task time to process
        tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(200)).await;

        // Check that we received status update messages
        let messages = async_bridge.try_recv_all();
        let has_status_update = messages
            .iter()
            .any(|msg| matches!(msg, AsyncMessage::LspStatusUpdate { .. }));

        assert!(
            has_status_update,
            "Expected status update messages from LSP initialization"
        );

        // Cleanup - best-effort, test is ending
        #[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)]
        let _ = handle.shutdown();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lsp_client_state_can_shutdown_from_error() {
        // Regression test for #1797. When the LSP fails to initialize
        // (e.g. rust-analyzer rustup proxy exits immediately), the state
        // transitions to Error. Cleanup paths then call shutdown(), which
        // calls transition_to(Stopping). Before the fix, that produced
        // `Invalid state transition from Error to Stopping` warnings on
        // every retry — Cleanup is a legitimate operation from Error.
        let mut state = LspClientState::Error;

        assert!(
            state.can_transition_to(LspClientState::Stopping),
            "Error state must allow transition to Stopping for graceful shutdown"
        );
        assert!(state.transition_to(LspClientState::Stopping).is_ok());
        // Stopping -> Stopped is already permitted; ensure the full
        // shutdown sequence completes without warnings.
        assert!(state.transition_to(LspClientState::Stopped).is_ok());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_lsp_handle_shutdown_after_spawn_failure_advances_state() {
        // End-to-end regression for #1797. With a non-existent command
        // the spawn task transitions state to Error. shutdown() must
        // be able to advance the state past Error (to Stopping or
        // Stopped) — before the fix it stayed stuck at Error and
        // emitted `Invalid state transition from Error to Stopping`.
        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
        let async_bridge = AsyncBridge::new();

        let handle = LspHandle::spawn(
            &runtime,
            "fresh-nonexistent-lsp-binary-7c93af",
            &[],
            Default::default(),
            LanguageScope::single("test"),
            "test-server".to_string(),
            &async_bridge,
            ProcessLimits::unlimited(),
            Default::default(),
            local_spawner(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Wait until the spawn task observes the missing binary and
        // pushes the state to Error.
        for _ in 0..200 {
            if handle.state() == LspClientState::Error {
                break;
            }
            tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
        }
        assert_eq!(
            handle.state(),
            LspClientState::Error,
            "spawn task should have transitioned to Error after failed spawn"
        );

        // Shutdown from Error: the channel send may fail because the
        // spawn task already exited, but state must advance past Error.
        // It must NOT remain stuck at Error (which is what the broken
        // state transition produced).
        #[allow(clippy::let_underscore_must_use)]
        let _ = handle.shutdown();
        let final_state = handle.state();
        assert!(
            matches!(
                final_state,
                LspClientState::Stopping | LspClientState::Stopped
            ),
            "shutdown from Error must advance state, got {:?}",
            final_state
        );
    }
}