Tracks an error that occurred while parsing.
The parse error records the input text it saw, which will be
some suffix of the original input, along with a message.
Used at choice points in the grammar. Iterates over all possible parses, looking
for a single successful parse. If there are multiple successful parses, that
indicates an ambiguous grammar, so we panic. If there are no successful parses,
tries to come up with the best error it can: it prefers errors that arise from “partially successful”
parses (e.g., parses that consume some input before failing), but if there are none of those,
it will give an error at text saying that we expected to find a expected.