flowscope_core/analyzer/

visitor.rs

//! Visitor pattern for AST traversal and lineage analysis.
//!
//! This module provides a visitor-based approach to traversing SQL AST nodes
//! and building lineage graphs. It separates traversal logic (the `Visitor` trait)
//! from analysis logic (the `LineageVisitor` implementation).

use super::context::StatementContext;
use super::expression::ExpressionAnalyzer;
use super::helpers::{alias_visibility_warning, generate_node_id};
use super::select_analyzer::SelectAnalyzer;
use super::Analyzer;
use crate::types::{issue_codes, Issue, Node, NodeType};
use sqlparser::ast::{
    self, Cte, Expr, Ident, Join, Query, Select, SetExpr, SetOperator, Statement, TableAlias,
    TableFactor, TableWithJoins, Values,
};
use std::sync::Arc;

/// A visitor trait for traversing the SQL AST.
///
/// This trait defines default behavior for visiting nodes (traversing children).
/// Implementors can override specific methods to add custom logic.
pub trait Visitor {
    fn visit_statement(&mut self, statement: &Statement) {
        match statement {
            Statement::Query(query) => self.visit_query(query),
            Statement::Insert(insert) => {
                if let Some(source) = &insert.source {
                    self.visit_query(source);
                }
            }
            Statement::CreateTable(create) => {
                if let Some(query) = &create.query {
                    self.visit_query(query);
                }
            }
            Statement::CreateView { query, .. } => self.visit_query(query),
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn visit_query(&mut self, query: &Query) {
        if let Some(with) = &query.with {
            for cte in &with.cte_tables {
                self.visit_cte(cte);
            }
        }
        self.visit_set_expr(&query.body);
    }

    fn visit_cte(&mut self, cte: &Cte) {
        self.visit_query(&cte.query);
    }

    fn visit_set_expr(&mut self, set_expr: &SetExpr) {
        match set_expr {
            SetExpr::Select(select) => self.visit_select(select),
            SetExpr::Query(query) => self.visit_query(query),
            SetExpr::SetOperation { left, right, .. } => {
                self.visit_set_expr(left);
                self.visit_set_expr(right);
            }
            SetExpr::Values(values) => self.visit_values(values),
            SetExpr::Insert(stmt) => self.visit_statement(stmt),
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn visit_select(&mut self, select: &Select) {
        for from in &select.from {
            self.visit_table_with_joins(from);
        }
    }

    fn visit_table_with_joins(&mut self, table: &TableWithJoins) {
        self.visit_table_factor(&table.relation);
        for join in &table.joins {
            self.visit_join(join);
        }
    }

    fn visit_table_factor(&mut self, table: &TableFactor) {
        match table {
            TableFactor::Derived { subquery, .. } => self.visit_query(subquery),
            TableFactor::NestedJoin {
                table_with_joins, ..
            } => self.visit_table_with_joins(table_with_joins),
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn visit_join(&mut self, join: &Join) {
        self.visit_table_factor(&join.relation);
    }

    fn visit_values(&mut self, values: &Values) {
        for row in &values.rows {
            for expr in row {
                self.visit_expr(expr);
            }
        }
    }

    fn visit_expr(&mut self, _expr: &Expr) {}
}

/// Visitor implementation that builds the lineage graph.
pub(crate) struct LineageVisitor<'a, 'b> {
    pub(crate) analyzer: &'a mut Analyzer<'b>,
    pub(crate) ctx: &'a mut StatementContext,
    pub(crate) target_node: Option<String>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> LineageVisitor<'a, 'b> {
    pub(crate) fn new(
        analyzer: &'a mut Analyzer<'b>,
        ctx: &'a mut StatementContext,
        target_node: Option<String>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            analyzer,
            ctx,
            target_node,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn target_from_arc(arc: Option<&Arc<str>>) -> Option<String> {
        arc.map(|s| s.to_string())
    }

    pub fn set_target_node(&mut self, target: Option<String>) {
        self.target_node = target;
    }

    pub fn set_last_operation(&mut self, op: Option<String>) {
        self.ctx.last_operation = op;
    }

    /// Extract the expression from a JoinOperator's constraint, if any.
    fn extract_join_constraint_expr(op: &ast::JoinOperator) -> Option<&Expr> {
        let constraint = match op {
            ast::JoinOperator::Join(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::Inner(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::Left(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::LeftOuter(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::Right(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::RightOuter(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::FullOuter(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::Semi(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::LeftSemi(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::RightSemi(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::Anti(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::LeftAnti(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::RightAnti(c)
            | ast::JoinOperator::StraightJoin(c) => Some(c),
            ast::JoinOperator::AsOf { constraint, .. } => Some(constraint),
            ast::JoinOperator::CrossJoin(_)
            | ast::JoinOperator::CrossApply
            | ast::JoinOperator::OuterApply => None,
        };

        constraint.and_then(|c| match c {
            ast::JoinConstraint::On(expr) => Some(expr),
            _ => None,
        })
    }

    /// Extract and record implied foreign key relationships from a JOIN condition.
    ///
    /// For equality expressions like `t1.a = t2.b`, we record **both directions**
    /// as potential FK relationships. This is intentional because:
    ///
    /// 1. **No authoritative direction**: From syntax alone, we cannot determine
    ///    which column is the FK and which is the referenced PK. The true direction
    ///    depends on schema knowledge we may not have.
    ///
    /// 2. **Consumer deduplication**: Downstream consumers (like the React SchemaView)
    ///    normalize and deduplicate reciprocal FK edges before rendering, so storing
    ///    both directions doesn't create duplicate visual edges.
    ///
    /// 3. **Heuristic accuracy**: Recording both ensures we capture the relationship
    ///    regardless of how the user wrote the JOIN condition (`a.id = b.a_id` vs
    ///    `b.a_id = a.id`).
    ///
    /// Self-joins are excluded since `t.a = t.b` within the same table doesn't
    /// imply a cross-table FK relationship (see [`StatementContext::record_implied_foreign_key`]).
    fn record_join_fk_relationships(&mut self, expr: &Expr) {
        use sqlparser::ast::BinaryOperator;

        match expr {
            Expr::BinaryOp { left, op, right } if *op == BinaryOperator::And => {
                // Recurse into AND conditions (common in multi-column joins)
                self.record_join_fk_relationships(left);
                self.record_join_fk_relationships(right);
            }
            Expr::BinaryOp { left, op, right } if *op == BinaryOperator::Eq => {
                self.record_equality_fk(left, right);
            }
            Expr::Nested(inner) => self.record_join_fk_relationships(inner),
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    /// Record FK relationships from an equality expression (t1.a = t2.b).
    fn record_equality_fk(&mut self, left: &Expr, right: &Expr) {
        let Some(left_ref) = Self::extract_column_ref(left) else {
            return;
        };
        let Some(right_ref) = Self::extract_column_ref(right) else {
            return;
        };

        let left_table = left_ref
            .0
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|t| self.resolve_table_alias(Some(t)));
        let right_table = right_ref
            .0
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|t| self.resolve_table_alias(Some(t)));

        let (Some(left_table), Some(right_table)) = (left_table, right_table) else {
            return;
        };

        // Record FK in both directions (see record_join_fk_relationships docs for rationale)
        self.ctx
            .record_implied_foreign_key(&left_table, &left_ref.1, &right_table, &right_ref.1);
        self.ctx
            .record_implied_foreign_key(&right_table, &right_ref.1, &left_table, &left_ref.1);
    }

    /// Extract a (table, column) pair from a simple column reference expression.
    fn extract_column_ref(expr: &Expr) -> Option<(Option<String>, String)> {
        match expr {
            Expr::Identifier(ident) => Some((None, ident.value.clone())),
            Expr::CompoundIdentifier(idents) if idents.len() == 2 => {
                Some((Some(idents[0].value.clone()), idents[1].value.clone()))
            }
            Expr::CompoundIdentifier(idents) if idents.len() >= 2 => {
                // schema.table.column - take last two parts
                let len = idents.len();
                Some((
                    Some(idents[len - 2].value.clone()),
                    idents[len - 1].value.clone(),
                ))
            }
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub fn add_source_table(&mut self, table_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.analyzer
            .add_source_table(self.ctx, table_name, self.target_node.as_deref())
    }

    pub fn analyze_dml_target(
        &mut self,
        table_name: &str,
        alias: Option<&TableAlias>,
    ) -> Option<(String, Arc<str>)> {
        let canonical_res = self.analyzer.add_source_table(self.ctx, table_name, None);
        let canonical = canonical_res
            .clone()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.analyzer.normalize_table_name(table_name));

        if let (Some(a), Some(canonical_name)) = (alias, canonical_res) {
            self.ctx
                .table_aliases
                .insert(a.name.to_string(), canonical_name);
        }

        let node_id = self
            .ctx
            .table_node_ids
            .get(&canonical)
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.analyzer.relation_node_id(&canonical));

        self.analyzer
            .tracker
            .record_produced(&canonical, self.ctx.statement_index);
        self.analyzer
            .add_table_columns_from_schema(self.ctx, &canonical, &node_id);

        Some((canonical, node_id))
    }

    pub fn analyze_dml_target_factor(&mut self, table: &TableFactor) -> Option<Arc<str>> {
        if let TableFactor::Table { name, alias, .. } = table {
            let table_name = name.to_string();
            self.analyze_dml_target(&table_name, alias.as_ref())
                .map(|(_, node_id)| node_id)
        } else {
            self.visit_table_factor(table);
            None
        }
    }

    pub fn analyze_dml_target_from_table_with_joins(
        &mut self,
        table: &TableWithJoins,
    ) -> Option<Arc<str>> {
        if let TableFactor::Table { name, alias, .. } = &table.relation {
            let table_name = name.to_string();
            self.analyze_dml_target(&table_name, alias.as_ref())
                .map(|(_, node_id)| node_id)
        } else {
            self.visit_table_with_joins(table);
            None
        }
    }

    pub fn register_aliases_in_table_with_joins(&mut self, table_with_joins: &TableWithJoins) {
        self.register_aliases_in_table_factor(&table_with_joins.relation);
        for join in &table_with_joins.joins {
            self.register_aliases_in_table_factor(&join.relation);
        }
    }

    fn register_aliases_in_table_factor(&mut self, table_factor: &TableFactor) {
        match table_factor {
            TableFactor::Table {
                name,
                alias: Some(a),
                ..
            } => {
                let canonical = self
                    .analyzer
                    .canonicalize_table_reference(&name.to_string())
                    .canonical;
                self.ctx.table_aliases.insert(a.name.to_string(), canonical);
            }
            TableFactor::Derived { alias: Some(a), .. } => {
                self.ctx.subquery_aliases.insert(a.name.to_string());
            }
            TableFactor::NestedJoin {
                table_with_joins, ..
            } => {
                self.register_aliases_in_table_with_joins(table_with_joins);
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    pub fn resolve_table_alias(&self, alias: Option<&str>) -> Option<String> {
        self.analyzer.resolve_table_alias(self.ctx, alias)
    }

    pub(super) fn canonicalize_table_reference(&self, name: &str) -> super::TableResolution {
        self.analyzer.canonicalize_table_reference(name)
    }

    /// Extracts table identifiers from an expression (best-effort for unsupported constructs).
    ///
    /// Used for PIVOT, UNPIVOT, and table functions where full semantic analysis is not
    /// implemented. This may produce false positives (column references mistaken for tables)
    /// or false negatives (table references in unhandled expression types).
    fn extract_identifiers_from_expr(&mut self, expr: &Expr) {
        match expr {
            Expr::Identifier(ident) => {
                self.try_add_identifier_as_table(std::slice::from_ref(ident));
            }
            Expr::CompoundIdentifier(idents) => {
                self.try_add_identifier_as_table(idents);
            }
            Expr::Function(func) => {
                if let ast::FunctionArguments::List(arg_list) = &func.args {
                    for arg in &arg_list.args {
                        if let ast::FunctionArg::Unnamed(ast::FunctionArgExpr::Expr(e)) = arg {
                            self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(e);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Expr::BinaryOp { left, right, .. } => {
                self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(left);
                self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(right);
            }
            Expr::UnaryOp { expr, .. } => {
                self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(expr);
            }
            Expr::Nested(e) => {
                self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(e);
            }
            Expr::InList { expr, list, .. } => {
                self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(expr);
                for e in list {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(e);
                }
            }
            Expr::Case {
                operand,
                conditions,
                else_result,
                ..
            } => {
                if let Some(op) = operand {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(op);
                }
                for case_when in conditions {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(&case_when.condition);
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(&case_when.result);
                }
                if let Some(else_r) = else_result {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(else_r);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn try_add_identifier_as_table(&mut self, idents: &[Ident]) {
        if idents.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

        let name = idents
            .iter()
            .map(|i| i.value.as_str())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(".");

        let resolution = self.analyzer.canonicalize_table_reference(&name);
        if resolution.matched_schema {
            self.add_source_table(&name);
        }
    }

    /// Emits a warning for unsupported alias usage in a clause.
    fn emit_alias_warning(&mut self, clause_name: &str, alias_name: &str) {
        let dialect = self.analyzer.request.dialect;
        let statement_index = self.ctx.statement_index;
        self.analyzer.issues.push(alias_visibility_warning(
            dialect,
            clause_name,
            alias_name,
            statement_index,
        ));
    }

    /// Analyzes ORDER BY clause for alias visibility warnings.
    ///
    /// Checks if aliases from the SELECT list are used in ORDER BY expressions
    /// and emits warnings for dialects that don't support alias references in ORDER BY.
    fn analyze_order_by(&mut self, order_by: &ast::OrderBy) {
        let dialect = self.analyzer.request.dialect;

        let order_exprs = match &order_by.kind {
            ast::OrderByKind::Expressions(exprs) => exprs,
            ast::OrderByKind::All(_) => return,
        };

        // Check for alias usage in ORDER BY clause
        if !dialect.alias_in_order_by() {
            for order_expr in order_exprs {
                let identifiers = ExpressionAnalyzer::extract_simple_identifiers(&order_expr.expr);
                for ident in &identifiers {
                    let normalized_ident = self.analyzer.normalize_identifier(ident);
                    if let Some(alias_name) = self
                        .ctx
                        .output_columns
                        .iter()
                        .find(|c| self.analyzer.normalize_identifier(&c.name) == normalized_ident)
                        .map(|c| c.name.clone())
                    {
                        self.emit_alias_warning("ORDER BY", &alias_name);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Also analyze any subqueries in ORDER BY expressions
        for order_expr in order_exprs {
            let mut ea = ExpressionAnalyzer::new(self.analyzer, self.ctx);
            ea.analyze(&order_expr.expr);
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b> Visitor for LineageVisitor<'a, 'b> {
    fn visit_query(&mut self, query: &Query) {
        if let Some(with) = &query.with {
            let mut cte_ids: Vec<(String, Arc<str>)> = Vec::new();
            for cte in &with.cte_tables {
                let cte_name = cte.alias.name.to_string();
                let cte_id = self.ctx.add_node(Node {
                    id: generate_node_id("cte", &cte_name),
                    node_type: NodeType::Cte,
                    label: cte_name.clone().into(),
                    qualified_name: Some(cte_name.clone().into()),
                    expression: None,
                    span: None,
                    metadata: None,
                    resolution_source: None,
                    filters: Vec::new(),
                    join_type: None,
                    join_condition: None,
                    aggregation: None,
                });

                self.ctx
                    .cte_definitions
                    .insert(cte_name.clone(), cte_id.clone());
                self.analyzer.tracker.record_cte(&cte_name);
                cte_ids.push((cte_name, cte_id));
            }

            for (cte, (_, cte_id)) in with.cte_tables.iter().zip(cte_ids.iter()) {
                let projection_checkpoint = self.ctx.projection_checkpoint();
                let mut cte_visitor =
                    LineageVisitor::new(self.analyzer, self.ctx, Some(cte_id.to_string()));
                cte_visitor.visit_query(&cte.query);
                let columns = self.ctx.take_output_columns_since(projection_checkpoint);
                self.ctx
                    .aliased_subquery_columns
                    .insert(cte.alias.name.to_string(), columns);
            }
        }
        self.visit_set_expr(&query.body);

        // Analyze ORDER BY for alias visibility warnings
        if let Some(order_by) = &query.order_by {
            self.analyze_order_by(order_by);
        }
    }

    fn visit_set_expr(&mut self, set_expr: &SetExpr) {
        match set_expr {
            SetExpr::Select(select) => self.visit_select(select),
            SetExpr::Query(query) => self.visit_query(query),
            SetExpr::SetOperation {
                op, left, right, ..
            } => {
                let op_name = match op {
                    SetOperator::Union => "UNION",
                    SetOperator::Intersect => "INTERSECT",
                    SetOperator::Except => "EXCEPT",
                    SetOperator::Minus => "MINUS",
                };
                self.visit_set_expr(left);
                self.visit_set_expr(right);
                if self.target_node.is_some() {
                    self.ctx.last_operation = Some(op_name.to_string());
                }
            }
            SetExpr::Values(values) => self.visit_values(values),
            SetExpr::Insert(insert_stmt) => {
                let Statement::Insert(insert) = insert_stmt else {
                    return;
                };
                let target_name = insert.table.to_string();
                self.add_source_table(&target_name);
            }
            SetExpr::Table(tbl) => {
                let name = tbl
                    .table_name
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|n| n.to_string())
                    .unwrap_or_default();
                if !name.is_empty() {
                    self.add_source_table(&name);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn visit_select(&mut self, select: &Select) {
        self.ctx.push_scope();
        for table_with_joins in &select.from {
            self.visit_table_with_joins(table_with_joins);
        }
        if self.analyzer.column_lineage_enabled {
            let output_node = self.ctx.output_node_id().map(|node_id| node_id.to_string());
            let target_node = self.target_node.clone().or(output_node);
            let mut select_analyzer = SelectAnalyzer::new(self.analyzer, self.ctx, target_node);
            select_analyzer.analyze(select);
        }
        self.ctx.pop_scope();
    }

    fn visit_table_with_joins(&mut self, table_with_joins: &TableWithJoins) {
        self.visit_table_factor(&table_with_joins.relation);
        for join in &table_with_joins.joins {
            let (join_type, join_condition) = Analyzer::convert_join_operator(&join.join_operator);
            self.ctx.current_join_info.join_type = join_type;
            self.ctx.current_join_info.join_condition = join_condition;
            self.ctx.last_operation = Analyzer::join_type_to_operation(join_type);
            self.visit_table_factor(&join.relation);

            // Analyze JOIN condition expression to capture column references for implied schema
            if let Some(expr) = Self::extract_join_constraint_expr(&join.join_operator) {
                let mut ea = ExpressionAnalyzer::new(self.analyzer, self.ctx);
                ea.analyze(expr);

                // Extract implied FK relationships from equality conditions
                self.record_join_fk_relationships(expr);
            }

            self.ctx.current_join_info.join_type = None;
            self.ctx.current_join_info.join_condition = None;
        }
    }

    fn visit_table_factor(&mut self, table_factor: &TableFactor) {
        match table_factor {
            TableFactor::Table { name, alias, .. } => {
                let table_name = name.to_string();
                let canonical = self.add_source_table(&table_name);
                if let (Some(a), Some(canonical_name)) = (alias, canonical) {
                    self.ctx
                        .register_alias_in_scope(a.name.to_string(), canonical_name);
                }
            }
            TableFactor::Derived {
                subquery, alias, ..
            } => {
                // A derived table (subquery in a FROM clause) is treated like a temporary CTE.
                // We create a node for it in the graph, analyze its subquery to determine its
                // output columns, and then register its alias and columns in the current scope
                // so the outer query can reference it.
                let alias_name = alias.as_ref().map(|a| a.name.to_string());
                let projection_checkpoint = self.ctx.projection_checkpoint();

                // We model derived tables as CTEs in the graph since they are conceptually
                // similar: both are ephemeral, named result sets scoped to a single query.
                // This avoids introducing a separate NodeType for a very similar concept.
                let derived_node_id = alias_name.as_ref().map(|name| {
                    self.ctx.add_node(Node {
                        id: generate_node_id("derived", name),
                        node_type: NodeType::Cte,
                        label: name.clone().into(),
                        qualified_name: Some(name.clone().into()),
                        expression: None,
                        span: None,
                        metadata: None,
                        resolution_source: None,
                        filters: Vec::new(),
                        join_type: None,
                        join_condition: None,
                        aggregation: None,
                    })
                });

                let mut derived_visitor = LineageVisitor::new(
                    self.analyzer,
                    self.ctx,
                    derived_node_id.as_ref().map(|id| id.to_string()),
                );
                derived_visitor.visit_query(subquery);
                let columns = self.ctx.take_output_columns_since(projection_checkpoint);

                if let (Some(name), Some(node_id)) = (alias_name, derived_node_id) {
                    self.ctx
                        .register_table_in_scope(name.clone(), node_id.clone());
                    self.ctx.register_alias_in_scope(name.clone(), name.clone());
                    self.ctx.aliased_subquery_columns.insert(name, columns);
                }
            }
            TableFactor::NestedJoin {
                table_with_joins, ..
            } => {
                self.visit_table_with_joins(table_with_joins);
            }
            TableFactor::TableFunction { expr, alias, .. } => {
                self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(expr);
                if let Some(a) = alias {
                    self.ctx
                        .register_subquery_alias_in_scope(a.name.to_string());
                }
                self.analyzer.issues.push(
                    Issue::info(
                        issue_codes::UNSUPPORTED_SYNTAX,
                        "Table function lineage extracted with best-effort identifier matching",
                    )
                    .with_statement(self.ctx.statement_index),
                );
            }
            TableFactor::Pivot {
                table,
                aggregate_functions,
                value_column,
                value_source,
                alias,
                ..
            } => {
                self.visit_table_factor(table);
                for func in aggregate_functions {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(&func.expr);
                }
                for expr in value_column {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(expr);
                }
                match value_source {
                    ast::PivotValueSource::List(values) => {
                        for value in values {
                            self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(&value.expr);
                        }
                    }
                    ast::PivotValueSource::Any(_) => {}
                    ast::PivotValueSource::Subquery(q) => {
                        self.visit_query(q);
                    }
                }
                if let Some(a) = alias {
                    self.ctx
                        .register_subquery_alias_in_scope(a.name.to_string());
                }
                self.analyzer.issues.push(
                    Issue::warning(
                        issue_codes::UNSUPPORTED_SYNTAX,
                        "PIVOT lineage extracted with best-effort identifier matching",
                    )
                    .with_statement(self.ctx.statement_index),
                );
            }
            TableFactor::Unpivot {
                table,
                columns,
                alias,
                ..
            } => {
                self.visit_table_factor(table);
                for col in columns {
                    self.extract_identifiers_from_expr(&col.expr);
                }
                if let Some(a) = alias {
                    self.ctx
                        .register_subquery_alias_in_scope(a.name.to_string());
                }
                self.analyzer.issues.push(
                    Issue::warning(
                        issue_codes::UNSUPPORTED_SYNTAX,
                        "UNPIVOT lineage extracted with best-effort identifier matching",
                    )
                    .with_statement(self.ctx.statement_index),
                );
            }
            TableFactor::UNNEST {
                array_exprs, alias, ..
            } => {
                // UNNEST expands array columns into rows. Extract column references
                // from the array expressions and resolve them to their source tables.
                for expr in array_exprs {
                    let mut ea = ExpressionAnalyzer::new(self.analyzer, self.ctx);
                    let column_refs = ea.extract_column_refs_with_warning(expr);
                    for col_ref in &column_refs {
                        // Resolve the column to its source table and add it as a data source
                        if let Some(table_canonical) = self.analyzer.resolve_column_table(
                            self.ctx,
                            col_ref.table.as_deref(),
                            &col_ref.column,
                        ) {
                            self.add_source_table(&table_canonical);
                        }
                    }
                }
                if let Some(a) = alias {
                    self.ctx
                        .register_subquery_alias_in_scope(a.name.to_string());
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn visit_values(&mut self, values: &Values) {
        let mut expr_analyzer = ExpressionAnalyzer::new(self.analyzer, self.ctx);
        for row in &values.rows {
            for expr in row {
                expr_analyzer.analyze(expr);
            }
        }
    }
}