fission_layout/

lib.rs

//! Constraint-based layout engine for the Fission UI framework.
//!
//! This crate takes a flat list of [`LayoutInputNode`]s (produced from the
//! [`fission-ir`](fission_ir) intermediate representation) and computes the
//! absolute position and size of every node on screen. It implements:
//!
//! * **Box layout** -- constrained containers with padding, min/max, and aspect ratio.
//! * **Flexbox** -- single-axis distribution with grow, shrink, wrap, alignment, and justification.
//! * **CSS Grid** -- two-dimensional track-based layout with `fr`, `%`, and fixed sizing.
//! * **Scroll containers** -- clipped viewports with infinite content axes.
//! * **Absolute positioning** -- `top`/`left`/`right`/`bottom` offsets.
//! * **ZStack** -- overlapping children.
//! * **Flyout anchoring** -- popups positioned relative to an anchor node.
//!
//! The engine is pure computation with no platform dependencies. Give it nodes and
//! a viewport size, and it returns a [`LayoutSnapshot`] mapping every
//! [`WidgetId`](fission_ir::WidgetId) to a [`LayoutRect`].
//!
//! # Example
//!
//! ```rust,no_run
//! use fission_layout::*;
//! use fission_ir::{WidgetId, LayoutOp};
//!
//! let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
//! let root_id = WidgetId::explicit("root");
//! // ... build LayoutInputNode list ...
//! // let snapshot = engine.compute_layout(&nodes, root_id, viewport, &|_| 0.0).unwrap();
//! ```

use anyhow::Result;
use fission_diagnostics::prelude as diag;
use fission_ir::op::{BoxStyle, Length, RichTextAnnotation, TextParagraphStyle, TextRun};
use fission_ir::{FlexDirection as IrFlexDirection, FlexWrap as IrFlexWrap, WidgetId};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::sync::Arc;

mod grid_tracks;

use grid_tracks::{distribute_deficit, distribute_flex, expand_tracks, IntrinsicAxis, TrackSizing};

pub use fission_ir::{FlexDirection, GridPlacement, GridTrack, LayoutOp};

/// A source of scroll offsets for scroll containers.
///
/// The layout engine calls [`get_offset`](ScrollDataSource::get_offset) for each
/// [`LayoutOp::Scroll`] node to learn how far the user has scrolled. Platform
/// backends implement this trait (or pass a closure, which also implements it).
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// use fission_layout::ScrollDataSource;
/// use fission_ir::WidgetId;
///
/// // A closure works as a ScrollDataSource:
/// let source = |_node: WidgetId| -> f32 { 0.0 };
/// assert_eq!(source.get_offset(WidgetId::explicit("scroll")), 0.0);
/// ```
pub trait ScrollDataSource {
    /// Returns the current scroll offset for the given scroll container node.
    fn get_offset(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> f32;
}

impl<F> ScrollDataSource for F
where
    F: Fn(WidgetId) -> f32,
{
    fn get_offset(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> f32 {
        self(node_id)
    }
}

/// The scalar type used for all layout measurements.
///
/// Currently `f32`. Matches [`fission_ir::op::LayoutUnit`].
pub type LayoutUnit = f32;

/// Returns `value` if it is finite, otherwise `fallback`.
fn finite_or(value: LayoutUnit, fallback: LayoutUnit) -> LayoutUnit {
    if value.is_finite() {
        value
    } else {
        fallback
    }
}

fn resolve_length(
    length: &Length,
    reference: LayoutUnit,
    viewport: LayoutSize,
) -> Option<LayoutUnit> {
    length
        .resolve(reference, viewport.width, viewport.height)
        .map(|value| value.max(0.0))
}

fn length_requires_measurement(length: &Length) -> bool {
    match length {
        Length::FitContent(_) | Length::MinContent | Length::MaxContent => true,
        Length::Add(left, right) | Length::Subtract(left, right) => {
            length_requires_measurement(left) || length_requires_measurement(right)
        }
        Length::Min(values) | Length::Max(values) => values.iter().any(length_requires_measurement),
        Length::Clamp {
            min,
            preferred,
            max,
        } => {
            length_requires_measurement(min)
                || length_requires_measurement(preferred)
                || length_requires_measurement(max)
        }
        Length::Points(_)
        | Length::Percent(_)
        | Length::ViewportWidth(_)
        | Length::ViewportHeight(_)
        | Length::Auto => false,
    }
}

fn resolve_measured_length(
    length: &Length,
    reference: LayoutUnit,
    viewport: LayoutSize,
    min_content: LayoutUnit,
    max_content: LayoutUnit,
) -> Option<LayoutUnit> {
    let resolved = match length {
        Length::MinContent => min_content,
        Length::MaxContent => max_content,
        Length::FitContent(limit) => {
            let limit = limit
                .as_deref()
                .and_then(|limit| {
                    resolve_measured_length(limit, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)
                })
                .unwrap_or(reference);
            max_content.min(min_content.max(limit))
        }
        Length::Add(left, right) => {
            resolve_measured_length(left, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?
                + resolve_measured_length(right, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?
        }
        Length::Subtract(left, right) => {
            resolve_measured_length(left, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?
                - resolve_measured_length(right, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?
        }
        Length::Min(values) => values
            .iter()
            .map(|value| {
                resolve_measured_length(value, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)
            })
            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?
            .into_iter()
            .reduce(LayoutUnit::min)?,
        Length::Max(values) => values
            .iter()
            .map(|value| {
                resolve_measured_length(value, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)
            })
            .collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>()?
            .into_iter()
            .reduce(LayoutUnit::max)?,
        Length::Clamp {
            min,
            preferred,
            max,
        } => {
            let minimum =
                resolve_measured_length(min, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?;
            let maximum =
                resolve_measured_length(max, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?;
            resolve_measured_length(preferred, reference, viewport, min_content, max_content)?
                .clamp(minimum.min(maximum), minimum.max(maximum))
        }
        Length::Auto => return None,
        Length::Points(_)
        | Length::Percent(_)
        | Length::ViewportWidth(_)
        | Length::ViewportHeight(_) => {
            length.resolve(reference, viewport.width, viewport.height)?
        }
    };
    resolved.is_finite().then_some(resolved.max(0.0))
}

fn resolve_box_style(
    style: &BoxStyle,
    constraints: BoxConstraints,
    viewport: LayoutSize,
) -> LayoutOp {
    let horizontal_reference = constraints.max_w;
    let vertical_reference = constraints.max_h;
    let padding = style
        .padding
        .as_ref()
        .map(|padding| {
            [
                resolve_length(&padding[0], horizontal_reference, viewport).unwrap_or(0.0),
                resolve_length(&padding[1], horizontal_reference, viewport).unwrap_or(0.0),
                resolve_length(&padding[2], vertical_reference, viewport).unwrap_or(0.0),
                resolve_length(&padding[3], vertical_reference, viewport).unwrap_or(0.0),
            ]
        })
        .unwrap_or([0.0; 4]);
    let fit_content_limit = |length: &Option<Length>, reference| match length {
        Some(Length::FitContent(Some(limit))) => resolve_length(limit, reference, viewport),
        _ => None,
    };
    let resolved_max_width = style
        .max_width
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|value| resolve_length(value, horizontal_reference, viewport));
    let resolved_max_height = style
        .max_height
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|value| resolve_length(value, vertical_reference, viewport));
    LayoutOp::Box {
        width: style.width.as_ref().and_then(|value| {
            (!matches!(value, Length::FitContent(_)))
                .then(|| resolve_length(value, horizontal_reference, viewport))
                .flatten()
        }),
        height: style.height.as_ref().and_then(|value| {
            (!matches!(value, Length::FitContent(_)))
                .then(|| resolve_length(value, vertical_reference, viewport))
                .flatten()
        }),
        min_width: style
            .min_width
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|value| resolve_length(value, horizontal_reference, viewport)),
        max_width: match (
            resolved_max_width,
            fit_content_limit(&style.width, horizontal_reference),
        ) {
            (Some(maximum), Some(fit)) => Some(maximum.min(fit)),
            (maximum, fit) => maximum.or(fit),
        },
        min_height: style
            .min_height
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|value| resolve_length(value, vertical_reference, viewport)),
        max_height: match (
            resolved_max_height,
            fit_content_limit(&style.height, vertical_reference),
        ) {
            (Some(maximum), Some(fit)) => Some(maximum.min(fit)),
            (maximum, fit) => maximum.or(fit),
        },
        padding,
        flex_grow: style.flex_grow.map(|value| value.0).unwrap_or(0.0),
        flex_shrink: style.flex_shrink.map(|value| value.0).unwrap_or(1.0),
        aspect_ratio: style.aspect_ratio.map(|value| value.0),
    }
}

/// A 2D point in layout coordinate space.
///
/// Represents an (x, y) position in logical pixels. Used for node origins and
/// coordinate calculations throughout the layout engine.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
pub struct LayoutPoint {
    /// Horizontal position in logical pixels.
    pub x: LayoutUnit,
    /// Vertical position in logical pixels.
    pub y: LayoutUnit,
}

impl LayoutPoint {
    /// The origin point: `(0.0, 0.0)`.
    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 };

    /// Creates a new point from x and y coordinates.
    pub fn new(x: LayoutUnit, y: LayoutUnit) -> Self {
        Self { x, y }
    }
}

/// A 2D size in layout coordinate space.
///
/// Represents a width and height in logical pixels. Used as the output of layout
/// measurement and as input to constraints.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
pub struct LayoutSize {
    /// Width in logical pixels.
    pub width: LayoutUnit,
    /// Height in logical pixels.
    pub height: LayoutUnit,
}

impl LayoutSize {
    /// A zero-sized size: `(0.0, 0.0)`.
    pub const ZERO: Self = Self {
        width: 0.0,
        height: 0.0,
    };

    /// Creates a new size from width and height values.
    pub fn new(width: LayoutUnit, height: LayoutUnit) -> Self {
        Self { width, height }
    }
}

/// Minimum and maximum width/height bounds passed from parent to child during layout.
///
/// `BoxConstraints` is the fundamental mechanism for top-down size negotiation. A
/// parent creates constraints describing the space available to a child, and the
/// child returns a [`LayoutSize`] that satisfies those constraints.
///
/// There are two common patterns:
///
/// * **Tight constraints** -- `min == max`, forcing the child to a specific size.
///   Created with [`BoxConstraints::tight`].
/// * **Loose constraints** -- `min == 0`, giving the child freedom to be smaller
///   than the max. Created with [`BoxConstraints::loose`].
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// use fission_layout::{BoxConstraints, LayoutSize};
///
/// let constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(800.0, 600.0);
/// assert_eq!(constraints.min_w, 0.0);
///
/// let child_wants = LayoutSize::new(300.0, 200.0);
/// let actual = constraints.constrain(child_wants);
/// assert_eq!(actual, child_wants); // fits within the constraints
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct BoxConstraints {
    /// Minimum width the child must occupy.
    pub min_w: LayoutUnit,
    /// Maximum width the child may occupy. Can be `f32::INFINITY` for unbounded.
    pub max_w: LayoutUnit,
    /// Minimum height the child must occupy.
    pub min_h: LayoutUnit,
    /// Maximum height the child may occupy. Can be `f32::INFINITY` for unbounded.
    pub max_h: LayoutUnit,
}

impl BoxConstraints {
    /// Creates tight constraints that force a child to exactly `size`.
    ///
    /// Both min and max are set to the given width/height.
    pub fn tight(size: LayoutSize) -> Self {
        Self {
            min_w: size.width,
            max_w: size.width,
            min_h: size.height,
            max_h: size.height,
        }
    }

    /// Creates loose constraints: min is zero, max is the given values.
    ///
    /// The child can be anywhere from zero to `max_w` x `max_h`.
    pub fn loose(max_w: LayoutUnit, max_h: LayoutUnit) -> Self {
        Self {
            min_w: 0.0,
            max_w,
            min_h: 0.0,
            max_h,
        }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the maximum width is finite (not `f32::INFINITY`).
    pub fn is_width_bounded(&self) -> bool {
        self.max_w.is_finite()
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the maximum height is finite (not `f32::INFINITY`).
    pub fn is_height_bounded(&self) -> bool {
        self.max_h.is_finite()
    }

    /// Clamps `size` so it falls within these constraints.
    ///
    /// The returned width is `max(min_w, min(size.width, max_w))`, and likewise
    /// for height.
    pub fn constrain(&self, size: LayoutSize) -> LayoutSize {
        LayoutSize {
            width: size.width.max(self.min_w).min(self.max_w),
            height: size.height.max(self.min_h).min(self.max_h),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the smallest size that satisfies these constraints: `(min_w, min_h)`.
    pub fn smallest(&self) -> LayoutSize {
        LayoutSize::new(self.min_w, self.min_h)
    }

    /// Returns new constraints shrunk inward by `padding`.
    ///
    /// Padding is `[left, right, top, bottom]`. Horizontal padding reduces the
    /// width bounds; vertical padding reduces the height bounds. Bounds are
    /// clamped to zero.
    pub fn deflate(&self, padding: [LayoutUnit; 4]) -> Self {
        let horiz = padding[0] + padding[1];
        let vert = padding[2] + padding[3];
        let max_w = (self.max_w - horiz).max(0.0);
        let max_h = (self.max_h - vert).max(0.0);
        let min_w = (self.min_w - horiz).max(0.0).min(max_w);
        let min_h = (self.min_h - vert).max(0.0).min(max_h);
        Self {
            min_w,
            max_w,
            min_h,
            max_h,
        }
    }

    /// Makes the constraints tighter by fixing the width and/or height.
    ///
    /// If `width` is `Some`, both `min_w` and `max_w` are set to that value
    /// (clamped to the current bounds). Same for `height`.
    pub fn tighten(&self, width: Option<LayoutUnit>, height: Option<LayoutUnit>) -> Self {
        let mut out = *self;
        if let Some(w) = width {
            let clamped = w.min(out.max_w).max(out.min_w);
            out.min_w = clamped;
            out.max_w = clamped;
        }
        if let Some(h) = height {
            let clamped = h.min(out.max_h).max(out.min_h);
            out.min_h = clamped;
            out.max_h = clamped;
        }
        if out.max_w < out.min_w {
            out.max_w = out.min_w;
        }
        if out.max_h < out.min_h {
            out.max_h = out.min_h;
        }
        out
    }

    /// Applies additional min/max constraints on top of the current ones.
    ///
    /// Each `Some` value further restricts the corresponding bound. `None` values
    /// leave the bound unchanged. After adjustment, max is clamped to be at least
    /// min.
    pub fn apply_min_max(
        &self,
        min_w: Option<LayoutUnit>,
        max_w: Option<LayoutUnit>,
        min_h: Option<LayoutUnit>,
        max_h: Option<LayoutUnit>,
    ) -> Self {
        let mut out = *self;
        if let Some(w) = min_w {
            out.min_w = out.min_w.max(w);
        }
        if let Some(h) = min_h {
            out.min_h = out.min_h.max(h);
        }
        if let Some(w) = max_w {
            out.max_w = out.max_w.min(w);
        }
        if let Some(h) = max_h {
            out.max_h = out.max_h.min(h);
        }
        if out.max_w < out.min_w {
            out.max_w = out.min_w;
        }
        if out.max_h < out.min_h {
            out.max_h = out.min_h;
        }
        out
    }

    /// Returns loose constraints with the same maximums but zeroed minimums.
    ///
    /// Useful when a parent wants to let a child be as small as it likes while
    /// still capping its maximum size.
    pub fn loosen(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            min_w: 0.0,
            max_w: self.max_w,
            min_h: 0.0,
            max_h: self.max_h,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
struct MeasureCacheKey {
    node_id: u128,
    min_w: u32,
    max_w: u32,
    min_h: u32,
    max_h: u32,
}

impl MeasureCacheKey {
    fn new(node_id: WidgetId, constraints: BoxConstraints) -> Self {
        Self {
            node_id: node_id.as_u128(),
            min_w: constraints.min_w.to_bits(),
            max_w: constraints.max_w.to_bits(),
            min_h: constraints.min_h.to_bits(),
            max_h: constraints.max_h.to_bits(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct LayoutGraphValidationState {
    duplicate_nodes: Vec<WidgetId>,
    missing_parent_refs: Vec<(WidgetId, WidgetId)>,
    missing_child_refs: Vec<(WidgetId, WidgetId)>,
    parent_child_mismatches: Vec<(WidgetId, WidgetId, Option<WidgetId>)>,
    cycle_nodes: Vec<WidgetId>,
    root_nodes: Vec<WidgetId>,
}

impl LayoutGraphValidationState {
    fn first_error(&self) -> Option<anyhow::Error> {
        if let Some(node_id) = self.duplicate_nodes.first() {
            return Some(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "[layout] duplicate node id encountered during graph build: {:?}",
                node_id
            ));
        }
        if let Some((node_id, parent_id)) = self.missing_parent_refs.first() {
            return Some(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "[layout] node {:?} references missing parent {:?}",
                node_id,
                parent_id
            ));
        }
        if let Some((node_id, child_id)) = self.missing_child_refs.first() {
            return Some(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "[layout] node {:?} references missing child {:?}",
                node_id,
                child_id
            ));
        }
        if let Some((parent_id, child_id, actual_parent)) = self.parent_child_mismatches.first() {
            return Some(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "[layout] parent/child mismatch parent={:?} child={:?} child.parent_id={:?}",
                parent_id,
                child_id,
                actual_parent
            ));
        }
        if let Some(node_id) = self.cycle_nodes.first() {
            return Some(anyhow::anyhow!(
                "[layout] cycle detected while rebuilding graph at {:?}",
                node_id
            ));
        }
        None
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct LayoutGraphState {
    graph_version: u64,
    last_layout_version: Option<u64>,
    node_order: Vec<WidgetId>,
    node_fingerprints: HashMap<WidgetId, u64>,
    nodes: HashMap<WidgetId, LayoutInputNode>,
    parents: HashMap<WidgetId, Option<WidgetId>>,
    children: HashMap<WidgetId, Vec<WidgetId>>,
    roots: Vec<WidgetId>,
    validation: LayoutGraphValidationState,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct IncrementalLayoutReuseState {
    previous_snapshot: LayoutSnapshot,
    dirty_ancestors: HashSet<WidgetId>,
}

impl LayoutGraphState {
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.nodes.is_empty()
    }

    fn mark_layout_complete(&mut self) {
        self.last_layout_version = Some(self.graph_version);
    }

    fn matches_input_nodes(&self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) -> bool {
        if self.nodes.len() != input_nodes.len() || self.node_order.len() != input_nodes.len() {
            return false;
        }

        for (expected_id, node) in self.node_order.iter().zip(input_nodes.iter()) {
            if *expected_id != node.id {
                return false;
            }
            let Some(existing) = self.node_fingerprints.get(&node.id) else {
                return false;
            };
            if *existing != layout_input_fingerprint(node) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        true
    }

    fn from_input_nodes(input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode], version: u64) -> Self {
        let mut state = Self {
            graph_version: version,
            ..Self::default()
        };
        state.replace_all_nodes(input_nodes);
        state
    }

    fn replace_all_nodes(&mut self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) {
        self.node_order.clear();
        self.node_fingerprints.clear();
        self.nodes.clear();
        self.last_layout_version = None;

        let mut validation = LayoutGraphValidationState::default();
        let mut seen = HashSet::new();
        for node in input_nodes {
            if !seen.insert(node.id) {
                validation.duplicate_nodes.push(node.id);
            } else {
                self.node_order.push(node.id);
            }
            self.node_fingerprints
                .insert(node.id, layout_input_fingerprint(node));
            self.nodes.insert(node.id, node.clone());
        }

        self.rebuild_topology(validation);
    }

    fn update_nodes(&mut self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) {
        let mut validation = LayoutGraphValidationState::default();
        let mut seen = HashSet::new();
        let mut next_order = Vec::with_capacity(input_nodes.len());
        let mut next_fingerprints = HashMap::with_capacity(input_nodes.len());
        let mut next_nodes = HashMap::with_capacity(input_nodes.len());

        for node in input_nodes {
            if !seen.insert(node.id) {
                validation.duplicate_nodes.push(node.id);
                continue;
            }
            next_order.push(node.id);
            next_fingerprints.insert(node.id, layout_input_fingerprint(node));
            next_nodes.insert(node.id, node.clone());
        }

        self.node_order = next_order;
        self.node_fingerprints = next_fingerprints;
        self.nodes = next_nodes;
        self.last_layout_version = None;
        self.rebuild_topology(validation);
    }

    fn rebuild_topology(&mut self, mut validation: LayoutGraphValidationState) {
        self.parents.clear();
        self.children.clear();
        self.roots.clear();

        for node_id in &self.node_order {
            let Some(node) = self.nodes.get(node_id) else {
                continue;
            };
            self.parents.insert(*node_id, node.parent_id);
            self.children.insert(*node_id, node.children_ids.clone());
            if node.parent_id.is_none() {
                self.roots.push(*node_id);
            } else if let Some(parent_id) = node.parent_id {
                if !self.nodes.contains_key(&parent_id) {
                    validation.missing_parent_refs.push((*node_id, parent_id));
                }
            }
        }

        for node_id in &self.node_order {
            let Some(node) = self.nodes.get(node_id) else {
                continue;
            };
            for child_id in &node.children_ids {
                let Some(child) = self.nodes.get(child_id) else {
                    validation.missing_child_refs.push((*node_id, *child_id));
                    continue;
                };
                if child.parent_id != Some(*node_id) {
                    validation
                        .parent_child_mismatches
                        .push((*node_id, *child_id, child.parent_id));
                }
            }
        }

        validation.root_nodes = self.roots.clone();
        validation.cycle_nodes = self.detect_cycle_nodes();
        self.validation = validation;
    }

    fn node(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> Option<&LayoutInputNode> {
        self.nodes.get(&node_id)
    }

    fn children_of(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> &[WidgetId] {
        self.children
            .get(&node_id)
            .map(Vec::as_slice)
            .unwrap_or(&[])
    }

    fn parent_of(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> Option<WidgetId> {
        self.parents.get(&node_id).copied().flatten()
    }

    fn ordered_nodes(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &LayoutInputNode> {
        self.node_order
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|node_id| self.nodes.get(node_id))
    }

    fn detect_cycle_nodes(&self) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
        fn dfs(
            node_id: WidgetId,
            children: &HashMap<WidgetId, Vec<WidgetId>>,
            visited: &mut HashSet<WidgetId>,
            stack: &mut HashSet<WidgetId>,
            cycle_nodes: &mut Vec<WidgetId>,
        ) {
            if stack.contains(&node_id) {
                cycle_nodes.push(node_id);
                return;
            }
            if !visited.insert(node_id) {
                return;
            }

            stack.insert(node_id);
            if let Some(child_nodes) = children.get(&node_id) {
                for child_id in child_nodes {
                    dfs(*child_id, children, visited, stack, cycle_nodes);
                }
            }
            stack.remove(&node_id);
        }

        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
        let mut stack = HashSet::new();
        let mut cycle_nodes = Vec::new();
        for node_id in &self.node_order {
            dfs(
                *node_id,
                &self.children,
                &mut visited,
                &mut stack,
                &mut cycle_nodes,
            );
        }
        cycle_nodes.sort_by_key(|node_id| node_id.as_u128());
        cycle_nodes.dedup();
        cycle_nodes
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{
        flyout_root_position, resolve_length, LayoutEngine, LayoutGraphState, LayoutInputNode,
        LayoutPoint, LayoutRect, LayoutSize, TextMeasurer, DEFAULT_RICH_TEXT_HIT_TEST_FONT_SIZE,
    };
    use fission_ir::op::{
        BoxStyle, Color, FontStyle, GridTrack, Length, ResponsiveCondition, ResponsiveQuery,
        TextRun, TextStyle,
    };
    use fission_ir::{GridPlacement, LayoutOp, WidgetId};
    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
    use std::sync::Arc;

    fn box_node(
        id: WidgetId,
        parent_id: Option<WidgetId>,
        children_ids: Vec<WidgetId>,
    ) -> LayoutInputNode {
        LayoutInputNode {
            id,
            parent_id,
            op: LayoutOp::Box {
                width: Some(40.0),
                height: Some(20.0),
                min_width: None,
                max_width: None,
                min_height: None,
                max_height: None,
                padding: [0.0; 4],
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 0.0,
                aspect_ratio: None,
            },
            children_ids,
            debug_name: format!("node-{}", id.as_u128()),
            width: Some(40.0),
            height: Some(20.0),
            flex_grow: 0.0,
            flex_shrink: 0.0,
            rich_text: None,
        }
    }

    struct RecordingMeasurer {
        last_font_size_bits: AtomicU32,
    }

    struct WrappingMeasurer;

    impl TextMeasurer for WrappingMeasurer {
        fn measure(&self, text: &str, _font_size: f32, available_width: Option<f32>) -> (f32, f32) {
            let natural_width = text.chars().count() as f32 * 10.0;
            match available_width.filter(|width| *width > 0.0 && natural_width > *width) {
                Some(width) => (width, (natural_width / width).ceil() * 20.0),
                None => (natural_width, 20.0),
            }
        }
    }

    fn node(
        id: WidgetId,
        parent_id: Option<WidgetId>,
        children_ids: Vec<WidgetId>,
        op: LayoutOp,
    ) -> LayoutInputNode {
        let (width, height, flex_grow, flex_shrink) = match &op {
            LayoutOp::Box {
                width,
                height,
                flex_grow,
                flex_shrink,
                ..
            } => (*width, *height, *flex_grow, *flex_shrink),
            LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                flex_grow,
                flex_shrink,
                ..
            } => (None, None, *flex_grow, *flex_shrink),
            _ => (None, None, 0.0, 1.0),
        };
        LayoutInputNode {
            id,
            parent_id,
            op,
            children_ids,
            debug_name: format!("node-{}", id.as_u128()),
            width,
            height,
            flex_grow,
            flex_shrink,
            rich_text: None,
        }
    }

    fn text_run(text: &str) -> TextRun {
        TextRun {
            text: text.to_owned(),
            style: TextStyle {
                font_size: 16.0,
                color: Color::BLACK,
                underline: false,
                font_family: None,
                locale: None,
                font_weight: 400,
                font_style: FontStyle::Normal,
                line_height: None,
                letter_spacing: 0.0,
                background_color: None,
            },
        }
    }

    impl RecordingMeasurer {
        fn new() -> Self {
            Self {
                last_font_size_bits: AtomicU32::new(f32::NAN.to_bits()),
            }
        }

        fn last_font_size(&self) -> f32 {
            f32::from_bits(self.last_font_size_bits.load(Ordering::SeqCst))
        }
    }

    impl TextMeasurer for RecordingMeasurer {
        fn measure(
            &self,
            _text: &str,
            _font_size: f32,
            _available_width: Option<f32>,
        ) -> (f32, f32) {
            (0.0, 0.0)
        }

        fn hit_test(
            &self,
            _text: &str,
            font_size: f32,
            _available_width: Option<f32>,
            _x: f32,
            _y: f32,
        ) -> usize {
            self.last_font_size_bits
                .store(font_size.to_bits(), Ordering::SeqCst);
            0
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn matches_input_nodes_rejects_reordered_flattened_inputs() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(1);
        let first = WidgetId::from_u128(2);
        let second = WidgetId::from_u128(3);
        let canonical = vec![
            box_node(root, None, vec![first, second]),
            box_node(first, Some(root), vec![]),
            box_node(second, Some(root), vec![]),
        ];
        let reordered = vec![
            box_node(root, None, vec![first, second]),
            box_node(second, Some(root), vec![]),
            box_node(first, Some(root), vec![]),
        ];

        let state = LayoutGraphState::from_input_nodes(&canonical, 1);
        assert!(!state.matches_input_nodes(&reordered));
    }

    #[test]
    fn update_refreshes_node_order_for_reordered_flattened_inputs() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(10);
        let first = WidgetId::from_u128(11);
        let second = WidgetId::from_u128(12);
        let canonical = vec![
            box_node(root, None, vec![first, second]),
            box_node(first, Some(root), vec![]),
            box_node(second, Some(root), vec![]),
        ];
        let reordered = vec![
            box_node(root, None, vec![first, second]),
            box_node(second, Some(root), vec![]),
            box_node(first, Some(root), vec![]),
        ];

        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        engine.update(&canonical);
        engine.update(&reordered);

        let ordered = engine
            .graph_state
            .ordered_nodes()
            .map(|node| node.id)
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        assert_eq!(ordered, vec![root, second, first]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rich_text_hit_test_uses_body_font_size_when_runs_are_empty() {
        let measurer = RecordingMeasurer::new();

        measurer.hit_test_rich(&[], None, 4.0, 2.0);

        assert_eq!(
            measurer.last_font_size(),
            DEFAULT_RICH_TEXT_HIT_TEST_FONT_SIZE
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn rich_text_hit_test_uses_first_run_font_size_when_present() {
        let measurer = RecordingMeasurer::new();
        let runs = vec![TextRun {
            text: "Hello".to_string(),
            style: TextStyle {
                font_size: 18.0,
                color: Color::BLACK,
                underline: false,
                font_family: None,
                locale: None,
                font_weight: 400,
                font_style: FontStyle::Normal,
                line_height: None,
                letter_spacing: 0.0,
                background_color: None,
            },
        }];

        measurer.hit_test_rich(&runs, None, 4.0, 2.0);

        assert_eq!(measurer.last_font_size(), 18.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn typed_lengths_resolve_calc_clamp_and_viewport_units() {
        let viewport = LayoutSize::new(1200.0, 800.0);
        let calculated = Length::percent(50.0) - Length::points(24.0);
        let clamped = Length::clamp(Length::points(100.0), calculated, Length::vw(40.0));

        assert_eq!(resolve_length(&clamped, 600.0, viewport), Some(276.0));
        assert_eq!(
            resolve_length(&Length::vh(25.0), 0.0, viewport),
            Some(200.0)
        );
        assert_eq!(
            Length::points(10.0).resolve(0.0, viewport.width, viewport.height),
            Some(10.0)
        );
        assert_eq!(
            (Length::points(10.0) - Length::points(24.0)).resolve(
                0.0,
                viewport.width,
                viewport.height
            ),
            Some(-14.0),
            "signed expressions remain available to typed positioning"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            Length::min(vec![Length::points(10.0), Length::MaxContent]).resolve(
                100.0,
                viewport.width,
                viewport.height
            ),
            None,
            "intrinsic expressions must be measured rather than partially resolved"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn responsive_container_query_selects_from_parent_constraints() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(100);
        let responsive = WidgetId::from_u128(101);
        let compact = WidgetId::from_u128(102);
        let wide = WidgetId::from_u128(103);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(
                root,
                None,
                vec![responsive],
                LayoutOp::Box {
                    width: Some(240.0),
                    height: Some(100.0),
                    min_width: None,
                    max_width: None,
                    min_height: None,
                    max_height: None,
                    padding: [0.0; 4],
                    flex_grow: 0.0,
                    flex_shrink: 1.0,
                    aspect_ratio: None,
                },
            ),
            node(
                responsive,
                Some(root),
                vec![compact, wide],
                LayoutOp::Responsive {
                    query: ResponsiveQuery::Container,
                    cases: vec![ResponsiveCondition {
                        min_width: None,
                        max_width: Some(300.0),
                    }],
                },
            ),
            box_node(compact, Some(responsive), vec![]),
            box_node(wide, Some(responsive), vec![]),
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(800.0, 600.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("responsive layout");

        assert!(snapshot.nodes.contains_key(&compact));
        assert!(!snapshot.nodes.contains_key(&wide));
    }

    #[test]
    fn responsive_cases_use_first_match_precedence() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(110);
        let responsive = WidgetId::from_u128(111);
        let first_match = WidgetId::from_u128(112);
        let later_match = WidgetId::from_u128(113);
        let fallback = WidgetId::from_u128(114);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(
                root,
                None,
                vec![responsive],
                LayoutOp::Box {
                    width: Some(500.0),
                    height: Some(100.0),
                    min_width: None,
                    max_width: None,
                    min_height: None,
                    max_height: None,
                    padding: [0.0; 4],
                    flex_grow: 0.0,
                    flex_shrink: 1.0,
                    aspect_ratio: None,
                },
            ),
            node(
                responsive,
                Some(root),
                vec![first_match, later_match, fallback],
                LayoutOp::Responsive {
                    query: ResponsiveQuery::Viewport,
                    cases: vec![
                        ResponsiveCondition {
                            min_width: None,
                            max_width: Some(900.0),
                        },
                        ResponsiveCondition {
                            min_width: None,
                            max_width: Some(600.0),
                        },
                    ],
                },
            ),
            box_node(first_match, Some(responsive), vec![]),
            box_node(later_match, Some(responsive), vec![]),
            box_node(fallback, Some(responsive), vec![]),
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(500.0, 600.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("responsive layout");

        assert!(snapshot.nodes.contains_key(&first_match));
        assert!(!snapshot.nodes.contains_key(&later_match));
        assert!(!snapshot.nodes.contains_key(&fallback));
    }

    #[test]
    fn grid_repeat_and_spans_are_applied_by_the_layout_engine() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(200);
        let first = WidgetId::from_u128(201);
        let second = WidgetId::from_u128(202);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(
                root,
                None,
                vec![first, second],
                LayoutOp::Grid {
                    columns: vec![GridTrack::repeat(2, vec![GridTrack::Points(50.0)])],
                    rows: vec![GridTrack::Points(20.0)],
                    column_gap: Some(10.0),
                    row_gap: None,
                    padding: [0.0; 4],
                },
            ),
            box_node(first, Some(root), vec![]),
            box_node(second, Some(root), vec![]),
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(110.0, 20.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("grid layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&first].rect.x(), 0.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&second].rect.x(), 60.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn auto_grid_items_advance_past_occupied_spans() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(250);
        let first = WidgetId::from_u128(251);
        let first_child = WidgetId::from_u128(252);
        let second = WidgetId::from_u128(253);
        let second_child = WidgetId::from_u128(254);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(
                root,
                None,
                vec![first, second],
                LayoutOp::Grid {
                    columns: vec![GridTrack::Points(50.0), GridTrack::Points(50.0)],
                    rows: vec![],
                    column_gap: None,
                    row_gap: None,
                    padding: [0.0; 4],
                },
            ),
            node(
                first,
                Some(root),
                vec![first_child],
                LayoutOp::GridItem {
                    row_start: GridPlacement::Auto,
                    row_end: GridPlacement::Auto,
                    col_start: GridPlacement::Auto,
                    col_end: GridPlacement::Span(2),
                },
            ),
            box_node(first_child, Some(first), vec![]),
            node(
                second,
                Some(root),
                vec![second_child],
                LayoutOp::GridItem {
                    row_start: GridPlacement::Auto,
                    row_end: GridPlacement::Auto,
                    col_start: GridPlacement::Auto,
                    col_end: GridPlacement::Auto,
                },
            ),
            box_node(second_child, Some(second), vec![]),
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(100.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("auto grid layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&first].rect.x(), 0.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&first].rect.width(), 100.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&second].rect.x(), 0.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&second].rect.y(), 20.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fixed_text_box_retains_natural_size_for_overflow_inspection() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(300);
        let mut text = node(
            root,
            None,
            vec![],
            LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                style: BoxStyle {
                    width: Some(Length::Points(40.0)),
                    height: Some(Length::Points(10.0)),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 1.0,
            },
        );
        text.rich_text = Some(vec![text_run("overflowing text")]);
        let nodes = vec![text];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new().with_measurer(Arc::new(WrappingMeasurer));
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(100.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("text layout");
        let inspection = engine
            .inspect_node(&snapshot, root)
            .expect("layout inspection");

        assert_eq!(inspection.laid_out.width(), 40.0);
        assert_eq!(inspection.laid_out.height(), 10.0);
        assert!(inspection.measured.height() > inspection.laid_out.height());
        assert!(inspection.overflow_y);
        assert_eq!(
            inspection.constrained, inspection.laid_out,
            "fixed constraints should match final bounds"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn max_content_box_propagates_unwrapped_text_width() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(400);
        let text_id = WidgetId::from_u128(401);
        let mut text = node(
            text_id,
            Some(root),
            vec![],
            LayoutOp::Box {
                width: None,
                height: None,
                min_width: None,
                max_width: None,
                min_height: None,
                max_height: None,
                padding: [0.0; 4],
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 1.0,
                aspect_ratio: None,
            },
        );
        text.rich_text = Some(vec![text_run("hello world")]);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(
                root,
                None,
                vec![text_id],
                LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                    style: BoxStyle {
                        width: Some(Length::MaxContent),
                        ..Default::default()
                    },
                    flex_grow: 0.0,
                    flex_shrink: 1.0,
                },
            ),
            text,
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new().with_measurer(Arc::new(WrappingMeasurer));
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(300.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("max-content layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&root].rect.width(), 110.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&text_id].rect.width(), 110.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn intrinsic_lengths_participate_in_clamp_expressions() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(450);
        let mut text = node(
            root,
            None,
            vec![],
            LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                style: BoxStyle {
                    width: Some(Length::clamp(
                        Length::points(50.0),
                        Length::MaxContent,
                        Length::points(80.0),
                    )),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 1.0,
            },
        );
        text.rich_text = Some(vec![text_run("hello world")]);
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new().with_measurer(Arc::new(WrappingMeasurer));
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&[text], root, LayoutSize::new(300.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("intrinsic clamp layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&root].rect.width(), 80.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&root].rect.height(), 40.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn margin_wrapper_keeps_percentage_width_relative_to_the_containing_box() {
        let outer = WidgetId::from_u128(455);
        let inner = WidgetId::from_u128(456);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(
                outer,
                None,
                vec![inner],
                LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                    style: BoxStyle {
                        width: Some(
                            Length::percent(50.0) + Length::points(12.0) + Length::points(12.0),
                        ),
                        padding: Some(Length::all(Length::points(12.0))),
                        alignment: fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch,
                        ..Default::default()
                    },
                    flex_grow: 0.0,
                    flex_shrink: 1.0,
                },
            ),
            node(
                inner,
                Some(outer),
                vec![],
                LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                    style: BoxStyle {
                        width: Some(Length::percent(100.0)),
                        height: Some(Length::points(20.0)),
                        ..Default::default()
                    },
                    flex_grow: 0.0,
                    flex_shrink: 1.0,
                },
            ),
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, outer, LayoutSize::new(200.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("margin layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&outer].rect.width(), 124.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&inner].rect.width(), 100.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&inner].rect.x(), 12.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fit_content_height_preserves_wrapped_text_height() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(460);
        let mut text = node(
            root,
            None,
            vec![],
            LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                style: BoxStyle {
                    width: Some(Length::points(40.0)),
                    height: Some(Length::fit_content(None)),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 1.0,
            },
        );
        text.rich_text = Some(vec![text_run("abcdefgh")]);
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new().with_measurer(Arc::new(WrappingMeasurer));
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&[text], root, LayoutSize::new(300.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("fit-content height layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&root].rect.width(), 40.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&root].rect.height(), 40.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn typed_position_offsets_resolve_against_the_parent_box() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(500);
        let positioned = WidgetId::from_u128(501);
        let child = WidgetId::from_u128(502);
        let nodes = vec![
            node(root, None, vec![positioned], LayoutOp::ZStack),
            node(
                positioned,
                Some(root),
                vec![child],
                LayoutOp::PositionedLengths {
                    left: Some(Length::Percent(25.0)),
                    top: Some(Length::Percent(10.0)),
                    right: None,
                    bottom: None,
                    width: Some(Length::Points(50.0)),
                    height: Some(Length::Points(20.0)),
                },
            ),
            node(
                child,
                Some(positioned),
                vec![],
                LayoutOp::Box {
                    width: None,
                    height: None,
                    min_width: None,
                    max_width: None,
                    min_height: None,
                    max_height: None,
                    padding: [0.0; 4],
                    flex_grow: 0.0,
                    flex_shrink: 1.0,
                    aspect_ratio: None,
                },
            ),
        ];
        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(200.0, 100.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("typed positioned layout");

        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&child].rect.x(), 50.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&child].rect.y(), 10.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&child].rect.width(), 50.0);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.nodes[&child].rect.height(), 20.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn spotlight_lays_out_inverse_overlay_around_anchor() {
        let root = WidgetId::from_u128(20);
        let positioned = WidgetId::from_u128(21);
        let anchor = WidgetId::from_u128(22);
        let spotlight = WidgetId::from_u128(23);
        let panels = (24..=28).map(WidgetId::from_u128).collect::<Vec<_>>();

        let mut nodes = vec![
            LayoutInputNode {
                id: root,
                parent_id: None,
                op: LayoutOp::ZStack,
                children_ids: vec![positioned, spotlight],
                debug_name: "root".into(),
                width: None,
                height: None,
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 1.0,
                rich_text: None,
            },
            LayoutInputNode {
                id: positioned,
                parent_id: Some(root),
                op: LayoutOp::Positioned {
                    left: Some(100.0),
                    top: Some(100.0),
                    right: None,
                    bottom: None,
                    width: Some(200.0),
                    height: Some(80.0),
                },
                children_ids: vec![anchor],
                debug_name: "positioned-anchor".into(),
                width: Some(200.0),
                height: Some(80.0),
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 0.0,
                rich_text: None,
            },
            box_node(anchor, Some(positioned), vec![]),
            LayoutInputNode {
                id: spotlight,
                parent_id: Some(root),
                op: LayoutOp::Spotlight {
                    anchor,
                    padding: 12.0,
                },
                children_ids: panels.clone(),
                debug_name: "spotlight".into(),
                width: None,
                height: None,
                flex_grow: 0.0,
                flex_shrink: 1.0,
                rich_text: None,
            },
        ];
        nodes[2].op = LayoutOp::Box {
            width: Some(200.0),
            height: Some(80.0),
            min_width: None,
            max_width: None,
            min_height: None,
            max_height: None,
            padding: [0.0; 4],
            flex_grow: 0.0,
            flex_shrink: 0.0,
            aspect_ratio: None,
        };
        nodes[2].width = Some(200.0);
        nodes[2].height = Some(80.0);
        nodes.extend(
            panels
                .iter()
                .map(|id| box_node(*id, Some(spotlight), vec![])),
        );

        let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
        let snapshot = engine
            .compute_layout(&nodes, root, LayoutSize::new(800.0, 600.0), &|_| 0.0)
            .expect("spotlight layout");

        let expected = [
            LayoutRect::new(0.0, 0.0, 800.0, 88.0),
            LayoutRect::new(0.0, 192.0, 800.0, 408.0),
            LayoutRect::new(0.0, 88.0, 88.0, 104.0),
            LayoutRect::new(312.0, 88.0, 488.0, 104.0),
            LayoutRect::new(88.0, 88.0, 224.0, 104.0),
        ];
        for (panel, expected_rect) in panels.iter().zip(expected) {
            assert_eq!(snapshot.get_node_rect(*panel), Some(expected_rect));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn flyout_placement_clamps_rendered_descendants_inside_viewport() {
        let position = flyout_root_position(
            LayoutSize::new(800.0, 600.0),
            LayoutRect::new(700.0, 550.0, 80.0, 32.0),
            LayoutRect::new(0.0, 8.0, 440.0, 220.0),
        );

        assert_eq!(position, LayoutPoint::new(360.0, 322.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn flyout_placement_prefers_below_when_full_content_fits() {
        let position = flyout_root_position(
            LayoutSize::new(800.0, 600.0),
            LayoutRect::new(100.0, 100.0, 200.0, 80.0),
            LayoutRect::new(0.0, 8.0, 320.0, 180.0),
        );

        assert_eq!(position, LayoutPoint::new(100.0, 172.0));
    }
}

fn layout_input_fingerprint(node: &LayoutInputNode) -> u64 {
    let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
    format!("{node:?}").hash(&mut hasher);
    hasher.finish()
}

fn intersect_rect(left: LayoutRect, right: LayoutRect) -> LayoutRect {
    let x = left.x().max(right.x());
    let y = left.y().max(right.y());
    let right_edge = left.right().min(right.right());
    let bottom_edge = left.bottom().min(right.bottom());
    LayoutRect::new(x, y, (right_edge - x).max(0.0), (bottom_edge - y).max(0.0))
}

fn union_rect(left: LayoutRect, right: LayoutRect) -> LayoutRect {
    let x = left.x().min(right.x());
    let y = left.y().min(right.y());
    let right_edge = left.right().max(right.right());
    let bottom_edge = left.bottom().max(right.bottom());
    LayoutRect::new(x, y, right_edge - x, bottom_edge - y)
}

/// An axis-aligned rectangle: an origin point plus a size.
///
/// `LayoutRect` is the final output for every node after layout: it says exactly
/// where the node sits on screen and how large it is.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// use fission_layout::{LayoutRect, LayoutPoint};
///
/// let rect = LayoutRect::new(10.0, 20.0, 300.0, 200.0);
/// assert_eq!(rect.right(), 310.0);
/// assert!(rect.contains(LayoutPoint::new(15.0, 25.0)));
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct LayoutRect {
    /// The top-left corner of the rectangle.
    pub origin: LayoutPoint,
    /// The width and height of the rectangle.
    pub size: LayoutSize,
}

impl LayoutRect {
    /// Creates a rectangle from x, y, width, and height.
    pub fn new(x: LayoutUnit, y: LayoutUnit, width: LayoutUnit, height: LayoutUnit) -> Self {
        Self {
            origin: LayoutPoint { x, y },
            size: LayoutSize { width, height },
        }
    }

    /// The x coordinate of the left edge.
    pub fn x(&self) -> LayoutUnit {
        self.origin.x
    }
    /// The y coordinate of the top edge.
    pub fn y(&self) -> LayoutUnit {
        self.origin.y
    }
    /// The width of the rectangle.
    pub fn width(&self) -> LayoutUnit {
        self.size.width
    }
    /// The height of the rectangle.
    pub fn height(&self) -> LayoutUnit {
        self.size.height
    }

    /// The x coordinate of the right edge (`x + width`).
    pub fn right(&self) -> LayoutUnit {
        self.origin.x + self.size.width
    }
    /// The y coordinate of the bottom edge (`y + height`).
    pub fn bottom(&self) -> LayoutUnit {
        self.origin.y + self.size.height
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the point `p` lies within this rectangle (inclusive on
    /// the left/top edges, exclusive on the right/bottom edges).
    pub fn contains(&self, p: LayoutPoint) -> bool {
        p.x >= self.x() && p.x < self.right() && p.y >= self.y() && p.y < self.bottom()
    }
}

fn spotlight_regions(
    bounds: LayoutRect,
    target: Option<LayoutRect>,
    padding: LayoutUnit,
) -> [LayoutRect; 5] {
    let zero = LayoutRect::new(bounds.x(), bounds.y(), 0.0, 0.0);
    let Some(target) = target else {
        return [bounds, zero, zero, zero, zero];
    };

    let padding = if padding.is_finite() {
        padding.max(0.0)
    } else {
        0.0
    };
    let left = (target.x() - padding).clamp(bounds.x(), bounds.right());
    let top = (target.y() - padding).clamp(bounds.y(), bounds.bottom());
    let right = (target.right() + padding).clamp(bounds.x(), bounds.right());
    let bottom = (target.bottom() + padding).clamp(bounds.y(), bounds.bottom());

    if right <= left || bottom <= top {
        return [bounds, zero, zero, zero, zero];
    }

    let hole_width = right - left;
    let hole_height = bottom - top;
    [
        LayoutRect::new(bounds.x(), bounds.y(), bounds.width(), top - bounds.y()),
        LayoutRect::new(bounds.x(), bottom, bounds.width(), bounds.bottom() - bottom),
        LayoutRect::new(bounds.x(), top, left - bounds.x(), hole_height),
        LayoutRect::new(left + hole_width, top, bounds.right() - right, hole_height),
        LayoutRect::new(left, top, hole_width, hole_height),
    ]
}

fn flyout_root_position(
    viewport: LayoutSize,
    anchor: LayoutRect,
    content_extents: LayoutRect,
) -> LayoutPoint {
    let min_left = -content_extents.x();
    let max_left = viewport.width - content_extents.right();
    let desired_left = anchor.x() - content_extents.x();
    let left = if max_left >= min_left {
        desired_left.clamp(min_left, max_left)
    } else {
        min_left
    };

    let below = anchor.bottom() - content_extents.y();
    let above = anchor.y() - content_extents.bottom();
    let min_top = -content_extents.y();
    let max_top = viewport.height - content_extents.bottom();
    let top = if below + content_extents.bottom() <= viewport.height {
        below
    } else if above + content_extents.y() >= 0.0 {
        above
    } else if max_top >= min_top {
        below.clamp(min_top, max_top)
    } else {
        min_top
    };

    LayoutPoint::new(left, top)
}

/// The computed geometry of a single layout node.
///
/// After layout, every node has a bounding rectangle (its position and size on
/// screen) and a content size (how large its content actually is, which may exceed
/// the rect for scroll containers).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct LayoutNodeGeometry {
    /// The bounding rectangle of this node in absolute (screen) coordinates.
    pub rect: LayoutRect,
    /// The natural size of the node's content before clipping. For scroll containers,
    /// this may be larger than `rect.size`, indicating scrollable overflow.
    pub content_size: LayoutSize,
}

/// A node's geometry at each important stage of the layout pipeline.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct LayoutInspection {
    /// Node identity being inspected.
    pub node: WidgetId,
    /// Natural content bounds before constraints are applied.
    pub measured: LayoutRect,
    /// Constraints supplied by the parent.
    pub constraints: BoxConstraints,
    /// Natural content bounds after applying parent and node-local constraints.
    pub constrained: LayoutRect,
    /// Final bounds assigned by layout.
    pub laid_out: LayoutRect,
    /// Visible bounds after ancestor clipping.
    pub clipped: LayoutRect,
    /// Estimated visual bounds including laid-out descendants.
    pub painted: LayoutRect,
    /// Whether natural content exceeds the assigned width.
    pub overflow_x: bool,
    /// Whether natural content exceeds the assigned height.
    pub overflow_y: bool,
}

/// The complete output of a layout pass.
///
/// `LayoutSnapshot` maps every node to its computed geometry and records the
/// viewport size that was used. It is the primary interface between the layout
/// engine and downstream consumers (the renderer, hit testing, accessibility).
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use fission_layout::{LayoutSnapshot, LayoutSize};
/// use fission_ir::WidgetId;
///
/// let snapshot = LayoutSnapshot::new(LayoutSize::new(800.0, 600.0));
/// assert_eq!(snapshot.viewport_size.width, 800.0);
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
pub struct LayoutSnapshot {
    /// Computed geometry for every node, keyed by [`WidgetId`].
    pub nodes: HashMap<WidgetId, LayoutNodeGeometry>,
    /// The constraints that were passed to each node during layout. Useful for
    /// debugging. Skipped during serialization.
    #[serde(skip)]
    pub constraints: HashMap<WidgetId, BoxConstraints>,
    /// The viewport size used for this layout pass.
    pub viewport_size: LayoutSize,
}

impl LayoutSnapshot {
    /// Creates an empty snapshot for the given viewport size.
    pub fn new(viewport_size: LayoutSize) -> Self {
        Self {
            nodes: HashMap::new(),
            constraints: HashMap::new(),
            viewport_size,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the full geometry (rect + content size) for a node, or `None` if
    /// the node was not part of this layout pass.
    pub fn get_node_geometry(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> Option<&LayoutNodeGeometry> {
        self.nodes.get(&node_id)
    }

    /// Returns just the bounding rectangle for a node, or `None` if not found.
    pub fn get_node_rect(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> Option<LayoutRect> {
        self.nodes.get(&node_id).map(|g| g.rect)
    }

    /// Returns the constraints that were passed to a node during layout, or `None`
    /// if not found. Useful for debugging layout issues.
    pub fn get_node_constraints(&self, node_id: WidgetId) -> Option<BoxConstraints> {
        self.constraints.get(&node_id).copied()
    }
}

/// A flattened representation of a layout node, ready for the layout engine.
///
/// The widget compiler produces a list of `LayoutInputNode`s from the IR. Each node
/// carries its layout operation, parent/child relationships, flex participation
/// parameters, and optional rich text content for text measurement.
///
/// The layout engine operates on `&[LayoutInputNode]` rather than traversing the
/// IR directly, which keeps the engine decoupled from the IR's internal structure.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct LayoutInputNode {
    /// The unique identity of this node.
    pub id: WidgetId,
    /// The parent node's ID, or `None` for the root.
    pub parent_id: Option<WidgetId>,
    /// The layout operation this node performs.
    pub op: LayoutOp,
    /// Ordered list of child node IDs.
    pub children_ids: Vec<WidgetId>,
    /// A human-readable name for debugging and diagnostics.
    pub debug_name: String,
    /// Explicit width override, or `None` to derive from constraints.
    pub width: Option<LayoutUnit>,
    /// Explicit height override, or `None` to derive from constraints.
    pub height: Option<LayoutUnit>,
    /// How much extra main-axis space this node claims from its flex parent.
    pub flex_grow: LayoutUnit,
    /// How much this node shrinks when its flex parent overflows.
    pub flex_shrink: LayoutUnit,
    /// Optional rich text content. When present, the layout engine uses the
    /// [`TextMeasurer`] to determine the node's intrinsic size from the text.
    pub rich_text: Option<Vec<TextRun>>,
}

fn has_explicit_axis_size(node: &LayoutInputNode, horizontal: bool) -> bool {
    let fixed = if horizontal { node.width } else { node.height };
    if fixed.is_some() {
        return true;
    }

    let typed_length_is_explicit =
        |length: Option<&Length>| length.is_some_and(|length| !matches!(length, Length::Auto));

    match &node.op {
        LayoutOp::Box { width, height, .. }
        | LayoutOp::Scroll { width, height, .. }
        | LayoutOp::Embed { width, height, .. }
        | LayoutOp::Positioned { width, height, .. } => {
            if horizontal {
                width.is_some()
            } else {
                height.is_some()
            }
        }
        LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => typed_length_is_explicit(if horizontal {
            style.width.as_ref()
        } else {
            style.height.as_ref()
        }),
        LayoutOp::PositionedLengths { width, height, .. } => {
            typed_length_is_explicit(if horizontal {
                width.as_ref()
            } else {
                height.as_ref()
            })
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn has_explicit_cross_axis_size(node: &LayoutInputNode, is_row: bool) -> bool {
    has_explicit_axis_size(node, !is_row)
}

fn has_explicit_main_axis_size(node: &LayoutInputNode, is_row: bool) -> bool {
    has_explicit_axis_size(node, is_row)
}

/// Per-line metrics returned by text measurement.
///
/// When the layout engine or hit-testing code needs to know about individual lines
/// of text (e.g., for cursor positioning in a multi-line text field), it calls
/// [`TextMeasurer::get_line_metrics`] and receives a `Vec<LineMetric>`.
pub struct LineMetric {
    /// Byte index where this line starts in the source string.
    pub start_index: usize,
    /// Byte index where this line ends in the source string (exclusive).
    pub end_index: usize,
    /// Distance from the top of the line to its alphabetic baseline, in logical pixels.
    pub baseline: f32,
    /// Total height of the line (ascent + descent + leading), in logical pixels.
    pub height: f32,
    /// Measured width of the line's content, in logical pixels.
    pub width: f32,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub struct RichTextInlineBox {
    pub id: u64,
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
    pub width: f32,
    pub height: f32,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct RichTextLayoutInfo {
    pub width: f32,
    pub height: f32,
    pub inline_boxes: Vec<RichTextInlineBox>,
}

/// A platform-provided text measurement backend.
///
/// The layout engine does not shape or measure text itself. Instead, platform
/// backends implement `TextMeasurer` to wrap their native text engine (CoreText
/// on macOS, DirectWrite on Windows, HarfBuzz + FreeType on Linux, etc.).
///
/// All methods have default implementations that return zero-sized results, so
/// you only need to override the methods your backend supports.
///
/// # Required
///
/// * [`measure`](TextMeasurer::measure) -- must be implemented to get correct text layout.
///
/// # Optional
///
/// * [`hit_test`](TextMeasurer::hit_test) -- needed for click-to-cursor in text fields.
/// * [`get_line_metrics`](TextMeasurer::get_line_metrics) -- needed for multi-line cursor navigation.
/// * [`get_caret_position`](TextMeasurer::get_caret_position) -- needed for drawing the text cursor.
/// * [`measure_rich_text`](TextMeasurer::measure_rich_text) -- needed for mixed-style text.
const DEFAULT_RICH_TEXT_HIT_TEST_FONT_SIZE: f32 = 14.0;

pub trait TextMeasurer: Send + Sync {
    /// Measures single-style text and returns `(width, height)` in logical pixels.
    ///
    /// If `available_width` is `Some`, the text should be wrapped at that width.
    /// If `None`, the text is measured as a single unwrapped line.
    fn measure(&self, text: &str, font_size: f32, available_width: Option<f32>) -> (f32, f32);

    /// Returns the byte index of the character closest to the point `(x, y)`,
    /// relative to the text's origin. Used for click-to-cursor in text fields.
    ///
    /// The default implementation returns `0`.
    fn hit_test(
        &self,
        _text: &str,
        _font_size: f32,
        _available_width: Option<f32>,
        _x: f32,
        _y: f32,
    ) -> usize {
        0
    }

    /// Returns per-line metrics for the given text. Used for multi-line text fields
    /// and line-based cursor navigation.
    ///
    /// The default implementation returns an empty vec.
    fn get_line_metrics(
        &self,
        _text: &str,
        _font_size: f32,
        _available_width: Option<f32>,
    ) -> Vec<LineMetric> {
        vec![]
    }

    /// Returns the `(x, y)` position of the text cursor at `caret_index` (byte offset),
    /// relative to the text's origin.
    ///
    /// The default implementation returns `(0.0, 0.0)`.
    fn get_caret_position(
        &self,
        _text: &str,
        _font_size: f32,
        _available_width: Option<f32>,
        _caret_index: usize,
    ) -> (f32, f32) {
        (0.0, 0.0)
    }

    /// Measures multi-style (rich) text and returns `(width, height)` in logical pixels.
    ///
    /// The default implementation returns `(0.0, 0.0)`.
    fn measure_rich_text(&self, _runs: &[TextRun], _available_width: Option<f32>) -> (f32, f32) {
        (0.0, 0.0)
    }

    /// Measures rich text and returns positioned inline-widget boxes, if any.
    ///
    /// Backends that understand inline rich-text widget markers should override
    /// this so layout can place the child widgets at the same coordinates used
    /// by text shaping.
    fn layout_rich_text(
        &self,
        runs: &[TextRun],
        available_width: Option<f32>,
    ) -> RichTextLayoutInfo {
        let (width, height) = if runs.len() == 1 {
            let run = &runs[0];
            self.measure(&run.text, run.style.font_size, available_width)
        } else {
            self.measure_rich_text(runs, available_width)
        };
        RichTextLayoutInfo {
            width,
            height,
            inline_boxes: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Hit-test rich text (styled runs) at the given (x, y) position.
    /// Returns the byte offset into the concatenated text of all runs.
    /// Default falls back to plain hit_test using the first run's font size.
    fn hit_test_rich(
        &self,
        runs: &[TextRun],
        _available_width: Option<f32>,
        x: f32,
        y: f32,
    ) -> usize {
        // Preserve the normal body-text fallback when no run is available, so
        // fallback hit testing never asks a backend to shape zero-sized text.
        let text: String = runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect();
        let font_size = runs
            .first()
            .map(|r| r.style.font_size)
            .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_RICH_TEXT_HIT_TEST_FONT_SIZE);
        self.hit_test(&text, font_size, None, x, y)
    }

    /// Resolves the rich-text annotation at the given point, if any.
    ///
    /// This is used for interactive rich-text spans that need hit testing
    /// against shaped rich text rather than box nodes.
    fn resolve_rich_text_annotation_at_point(
        &self,
        _runs: &[TextRun],
        _available_width: Option<f32>,
        _x: f32,
        _y: f32,
        _paragraph_style: TextParagraphStyle,
        _annotations: &[RichTextAnnotation],
    ) -> Option<RichTextAnnotation> {
        None
    }
}

/// The constraint-based layout solver.
///
/// `LayoutEngine` walks the node tree top-down, passing [`BoxConstraints`] from
/// parent to child, and bottom-up, returning [`LayoutSize`] from child to parent.
/// The final result is a [`LayoutSnapshot`] that maps every node to its absolute
/// screen-space rectangle.
///
/// The engine optionally holds a [`TextMeasurer`] for sizing text nodes. Without
/// one, text nodes are treated as zero-sized.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use fission_layout::*;
/// use fission_ir::WidgetId;
/// use std::sync::Arc;
///
/// let mut engine = LayoutEngine::new();
/// // engine = engine.with_measurer(my_text_measurer);
///
/// // let snapshot = engine.compute_layout(&nodes, root_id, viewport, &|_| 0.0).unwrap();
/// ```
pub struct LayoutEngine {
    measurer: Option<Arc<dyn TextMeasurer>>,
    graph_state: LayoutGraphState,
    next_graph_version: u64,
    incremental_reuse: Option<IncrementalLayoutReuseState>,
    active_viewport: LayoutSize,
}

impl LayoutEngine {
    const MAX_LAYOUT_RECURSION_DEPTH: usize = 100;

    /// Creates a new layout engine with no text measurer.
    ///
    /// Text nodes will be treated as zero-sized until a measurer is provided
    /// via [`with_measurer`](LayoutEngine::with_measurer).
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            measurer: None,
            graph_state: LayoutGraphState::default(),
            next_graph_version: 1,
            incremental_reuse: None,
            active_viewport: LayoutSize::ZERO,
        }
    }

    /// Returns a new engine with the given text measurer attached.
    ///
    /// This is a builder-style method that consumes and returns `self`.
    pub fn with_measurer(mut self, measurer: Arc<dyn TextMeasurer>) -> Self {
        self.measurer = Some(measurer);
        self
    }

    fn allocate_graph_version(&mut self) -> u64 {
        let version = self.next_graph_version;
        self.next_graph_version = self.next_graph_version.saturating_add(1);
        version
    }

    fn refresh_graph_state(&mut self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) {
        let version = self.allocate_graph_version();
        self.graph_state = LayoutGraphState::from_input_nodes(input_nodes, version);
    }

    fn ensure_graph_state(&mut self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) {
        if self.graph_state.is_empty() || !self.graph_state.matches_input_nodes(input_nodes) {
            self.refresh_graph_state(input_nodes);
        }
    }

    fn validate_graph_state(&self, root: WidgetId) -> Result<()> {
        if let Some(err) = self.graph_state.validation.first_error() {
            return Err(err);
        }
        if !self.graph_state.nodes.contains_key(&root) {
            anyhow::bail!("[verify] missing node {:?}", root);
        }
        if !self.graph_state.roots.contains(&root)
            && self
                .graph_state
                .parents
                .get(&root)
                .copied()
                .flatten()
                .is_some()
        {
            anyhow::bail!("[verify] root {:?} is not a graph root", root);
        }
        if let Some(last_layout_version) = self.graph_state.last_layout_version {
            if last_layout_version > self.graph_state.graph_version {
                anyhow::bail!(
                    "[verify] cached layout version {} exceeds graph version {}",
                    last_layout_version,
                    self.graph_state.graph_version
                );
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Refreshes the cached graph state after upstream layout edits.
    ///
    /// Unchanged nodes keep their cached graph entries while edited topology and
    /// fingerprints are synchronized to the latest flattened node list.
    pub fn update(&mut self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) {
        if self.graph_state.is_empty() {
            self.refresh_graph_state(input_nodes);
            return;
        }

        if self.graph_state.matches_input_nodes(input_nodes) {
            return;
        }

        let version = self.allocate_graph_version();
        self.graph_state.graph_version = version;
        self.graph_state.update_nodes(input_nodes);
    }

    /// Rebuilds internal data structures from the full node list.
    pub fn rebuild(&mut self, input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode]) -> Result<()> {
        self.refresh_graph_state(input_nodes);
        if let Some(err) = self.graph_state.validation.first_error() {
            return Err(err);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Verifies parent-child consistency and checks for cycles in the node graph.
    ///
    /// Call this during development/testing to catch malformed IR before it causes
    /// layout panics. Returns `Err` with a description of the first problem found.
    pub fn verify_post_update(
        &self,
        input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode],
        root: WidgetId,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if self.graph_state.matches_input_nodes(input_nodes) {
            return self.validate_graph_state(root);
        }

        let node_map: HashMap<WidgetId, &LayoutInputNode> =
            input_nodes.iter().map(|n| (n.id, n)).collect();
        // Parent/child consistency
        for n in input_nodes {
            for child in &n.children_ids {
                let child_node = node_map
                    .get(child)
                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("[verify] child {:?} not found", child))?;
                if child_node.parent_id != Some(n.id) {
                    anyhow::bail!("[verify] parent/child mismatch parent={:?} child={:?} child.parent_id={:?}", n.id, child, child_node.parent_id);
                }
            }
        }
        // Cycle via DFS
        fn dfs(
            id: WidgetId,
            map: &HashMap<WidgetId, &LayoutInputNode>,
            visited: &mut HashSet<WidgetId>,
            stack: &mut HashSet<WidgetId>,
        ) -> Result<()> {
            if !visited.insert(id) {
                return Ok(());
            }
            stack.insert(id);
            let node = map
                .get(&id)
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("[verify] missing node {:?}", id))?;
            for child in &node.children_ids {
                if stack.contains(child) {
                    anyhow::bail!("[verify] cycle detected at {:?} -> {:?}", id, child);
                }
                dfs(*child, map, visited, stack)?;
            }
            stack.remove(&id);
            Ok(())
        }
        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
        let mut stack = HashSet::new();
        dfs(root, &node_map, &mut visited, &mut stack)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Computes layout for the entire node tree and returns a snapshot.
    ///
    /// This is the main entry point. It runs the constraint-based layout algorithm
    /// starting from `root_node_id`, using `viewport_size` as the root constraints,
    /// and querying `scroll_source` for scroll offsets. After layout, it emits scroll
    /// diagnostics for debugging.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `input_nodes` -- The flat list of all layout nodes.
    /// * `root_node_id` -- Which node is the root of the tree.
    /// * `viewport_size` -- The size of the window/screen.
    /// * `scroll_source` -- Provides scroll offsets for scroll containers.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `Err` if a cycle is detected or a required node is missing.
    pub fn compute_layout(
        &mut self,
        input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode],
        root_node_id: WidgetId,
        viewport_size: LayoutSize,
        scroll_source: &impl ScrollDataSource,
    ) -> Result<LayoutSnapshot> {
        self.ensure_graph_state(input_nodes);
        self.validate_graph_state(root_node_id)?;
        let snapshot = self.compute_layout_constraints(
            input_nodes,
            root_node_id,
            viewport_size,
            scroll_source,
        )?;
        self.emit_scroll_diagnostics(&snapshot);
        self.emit_overflow_diagnostics(&snapshot);
        Ok(snapshot)
    }

    /// InternalLower-level layout that skips scroll diagnostics.
    ///
    /// Same as [`compute_layout`](LayoutEngine::compute_layout) but does not emit
    /// diagnostic events. Useful when you need the snapshot but not the debug output.
    pub fn compute_layout_constraints(
        &mut self,
        input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode],
        root_node_id: WidgetId,
        viewport_size: LayoutSize,
        scroll_source: &impl ScrollDataSource,
    ) -> Result<LayoutSnapshot> {
        self.active_viewport = viewport_size;
        self.ensure_graph_state(input_nodes);
        self.validate_graph_state(root_node_id)?;

        // Root constraints should be tight to the viewport size if no explicit size is given
        let mut constraints = BoxConstraints::tight(viewport_size);
        if let Some(root) = self.graph_state.node(root_node_id) {
            // Only loosen if explicit dimensions are provided for the root node
            let styled_dimension = matches!(
                &root.op,
                LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. }
                    if style.width.is_some() || style.height.is_some()
            );
            if root.width.is_some() || root.height.is_some() || styled_dimension {
                constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(viewport_size.width, viewport_size.height)
                    .tighten(root.width, root.height);
            }
        }

        let mut snapshot = LayoutSnapshot::new(viewport_size);
        let mut measure_cache = HashMap::new();
        self.layout_node_constraints(
            root_node_id,
            constraints,
            LayoutPoint::ZERO,
            &mut snapshot.nodes,
            &mut snapshot.constraints,
            &mut measure_cache,
            scroll_source,
            true,
            0,
        )?;

        let visual_location = |node_id: WidgetId| -> Option<LayoutPoint> {
            let mut pos = snapshot.nodes.get(&node_id)?.rect.origin;
            let mut current = self.graph_state.parent_of(node_id);
            while let Some(parent_id) = current {
                if let Some(parent) = self.graph_state.node(parent_id) {
                    if let LayoutOp::Scroll { direction, .. } = &parent.op {
                        let offset = scroll_source.get_offset(parent_id);
                        match direction {
                            FlexDirection::Row => pos.x -= offset,
                            FlexDirection::Column => pos.y -= offset,
                        }
                    }
                    current = self.graph_state.parent_of(parent_id);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            Some(pos)
        };

        let mut spotlight_overrides = Vec::new();
        for node in self.graph_state.ordered_nodes() {
            let LayoutOp::Spotlight { anchor, padding } = node.op else {
                continue;
            };
            if node.children_ids.len() != 5 {
                continue;
            }

            let Some(bounds) = snapshot.nodes.get(&node.id).map(|geometry| geometry.rect) else {
                continue;
            };
            let target = snapshot.nodes.get(&anchor).and_then(|geometry| {
                let origin = visual_location(anchor)?;
                Some(LayoutRect::new(
                    origin.x,
                    origin.y,
                    geometry.rect.width(),
                    geometry.rect.height(),
                ))
            });
            let regions = spotlight_regions(bounds, target, padding);
            spotlight_overrides.push((node.children_ids.clone(), regions));
        }

        let mut flyout_abs_overrides: HashMap<WidgetId, (f32, f32)> = HashMap::new();
        for node in self.graph_state.ordered_nodes() {
            if let LayoutOp::Flyout { anchor, content } = node.op {
                if let (Some(anchor_geom), Some(content_geom)) =
                    (snapshot.nodes.get(&anchor), snapshot.nodes.get(&content))
                {
                    if let (Some(anchor_abs), Some(content_abs)) =
                        (visual_location(anchor), visual_location(content))
                    {
                        let mut min_x: f32 = 0.0;
                        let mut min_y: f32 = 0.0;
                        let mut max_x = content_geom.rect.width();
                        let mut max_y = content_geom.rect.height();
                        let mut stack = vec![content];
                        while let Some(current) = stack.pop() {
                            if let (Some(geometry), Some(origin)) =
                                (snapshot.nodes.get(&current), visual_location(current))
                            {
                                let relative_x = origin.x - content_abs.x;
                                let relative_y = origin.y - content_abs.y;
                                min_x = min_x.min(relative_x);
                                min_y = min_y.min(relative_y);
                                max_x = max_x.max(relative_x + geometry.rect.width());
                                max_y = max_y.max(relative_y + geometry.rect.height());
                            }
                            stack.extend(self.graph_state.children_of(current).iter().copied());
                        }
                        let anchor_rect = LayoutRect::new(
                            anchor_abs.x,
                            anchor_abs.y,
                            anchor_geom.rect.width(),
                            anchor_geom.rect.height(),
                        );
                        let content_extents =
                            LayoutRect::new(min_x, min_y, max_x - min_x, max_y - min_y);
                        let position = flyout_root_position(
                            snapshot.viewport_size,
                            anchor_rect,
                            content_extents,
                        );
                        flyout_abs_overrides.insert(content, (position.x, position.y));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        for (children, regions) in spotlight_overrides {
            for (child_id, region) in children.into_iter().zip(regions) {
                self.layout_node_constraints(
                    child_id,
                    BoxConstraints::tight(region.size),
                    region.origin,
                    &mut snapshot.nodes,
                    &mut snapshot.constraints,
                    &mut measure_cache,
                    scroll_source,
                    true,
                    0,
                )?;
            }
        }

        if !flyout_abs_overrides.is_empty() {
            for (nid, (abs_x, abs_y)) in flyout_abs_overrides {
                if let Some(current) = snapshot.nodes.get(&nid) {
                    let dx = abs_x - current.rect.origin.x;
                    let dy = abs_y - current.rect.origin.y;
                    let mut stack = vec![(nid, 0usize)];
                    while let Some((current_id, depth)) = stack.pop() {
                        if depth > Self::MAX_LAYOUT_RECURSION_DEPTH {
                            return Err(self.layout_depth_overflow(current_id, depth));
                        }
                        if let Some(geometry) = snapshot.nodes.get_mut(&current_id) {
                            geometry.rect.origin.x += dx;
                            geometry.rect.origin.y += dy;
                        }
                        for child_id in self.graph_state.children_of(current_id).iter().rev() {
                            stack.push((*child_id, depth + 1));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        self.graph_state.mark_layout_complete();
        self.incremental_reuse = None;

        Ok(snapshot)
    }

    pub fn compute_layout_incremental(
        &mut self,
        input_nodes: &[LayoutInputNode],
        root_node_id: WidgetId,
        viewport_size: LayoutSize,
        scroll_source: &impl ScrollDataSource,
        previous_snapshot: &LayoutSnapshot,
        dirty_nodes: &HashSet<WidgetId>,
    ) -> Result<LayoutSnapshot> {
        self.ensure_graph_state(input_nodes);
        self.validate_graph_state(root_node_id)?;

        let mut dirty_ancestors = HashSet::new();
        for node_id in dirty_nodes {
            let mut current = Some(*node_id);
            while let Some(id) = current {
                if !dirty_ancestors.insert(id) {
                    break;
                }
                current = self.graph_state.parent_of(id);
            }
        }
        dirty_ancestors.insert(root_node_id);

        self.incremental_reuse = Some(IncrementalLayoutReuseState {
            previous_snapshot: previous_snapshot.clone(),
            dirty_ancestors,
        });
        let result = self.compute_layout_constraints(
            input_nodes,
            root_node_id,
            viewport_size,
            scroll_source,
        );
        self.incremental_reuse = None;
        result
    }

    fn emit_scroll_diagnostics(&self, snapshot: &LayoutSnapshot) {
        use fission_diagnostics::prelude as diag;
        let trace_scroll = std::env::var("FISSION_SCROLL_TRACE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1");
        for n in self.graph_state.ordered_nodes() {
            if let LayoutOp::Scroll { .. } = n.op {
                if let Some(g) = snapshot.nodes.get(&n.id) {
                    let note = if g.rect.height() <= 0.0 {
                        let parent_op = n
                            .parent_id
                            .and_then(|pid| self.graph_state.node(pid))
                            .map(|p| format!("{:?}", p.op));
                        let parent_constraints = n
                            .parent_id
                            .and_then(|pid| snapshot.constraints.get(&pid))
                            .copied();
                        snapshot
                            .constraints
                            .get(&n.id)
                            .map(|c| {
                                format!(
                                    "op={:?} parent={:?} parent_op={:?} parent_constraints={:?} constraints={:?}",
                                    n.op,
                                    n.parent_id,
                                    parent_op,
                                    parent_constraints,
                                    c
                                )
                            })
                    } else {
                        None
                    };
                    diag::emit(
                        diag::DiagCategory::Layout,
                        diag::DiagLevel::Debug,
                        diag::DiagEventKind::ScrollExtent {
                            node: n.id.as_u128(),
                            viewport_w: g.rect.width(),
                            viewport_h: g.rect.height(),
                            content_w: g.content_size.width,
                            content_h: g.content_size.height,
                            note,
                        },
                    );
                    if trace_scroll {
                        eprintln!(
                            "[scroll-trace] node={} viewport=({:.1},{:.1}) content=({:.1},{:.1})",
                            n.id.as_u128(),
                            g.rect.width(),
                            g.rect.height(),
                            g.content_size.width,
                            g.content_size.height
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn emit_overflow_diagnostics(&self, snapshot: &LayoutSnapshot) {
        for node in self.graph_state.ordered_nodes() {
            let Some(geometry) = snapshot.nodes.get(&node.id) else {
                continue;
            };
            let overflow_x = geometry.content_size.width > geometry.rect.width() + 0.5;
            let overflow_y = geometry.content_size.height > geometry.rect.height() + 0.5;
            if !overflow_x && !overflow_y {
                continue;
            }
            let text = node.rich_text.is_some();
            diag::emit(
                diag::DiagCategory::Layout,
                if text {
                    diag::DiagLevel::Warn
                } else {
                    diag::DiagLevel::Debug
                },
                diag::DiagEventKind::LayoutOverflow {
                    node: node.id.as_u128(),
                    debug_name: node.debug_name.clone(),
                    parent: node.parent_id.map(|parent| parent.as_u128()),
                    parent_debug_name: node
                        .parent_id
                        .and_then(|parent| self.graph_state.node(parent))
                        .map(|parent| parent.debug_name.clone()),
                    parent_layout: node
                        .parent_id
                        .and_then(|parent| self.graph_state.node(parent))
                        .map(|parent| format!("{:?}", parent.op)),
                    text,
                    min_w: snapshot
                        .constraints
                        .get(&node.id)
                        .map_or(0.0, |constraints| constraints.min_w),
                    max_w: snapshot
                        .constraints
                        .get(&node.id)
                        .map(|constraints| constraints.max_w)
                        .filter(|value| value.is_finite()),
                    min_h: snapshot
                        .constraints
                        .get(&node.id)
                        .map_or(0.0, |constraints| constraints.min_h),
                    max_h: snapshot
                        .constraints
                        .get(&node.id)
                        .map(|constraints| constraints.max_h)
                        .filter(|value| value.is_finite()),
                    laid_out_w: geometry.rect.width(),
                    laid_out_h: geometry.rect.height(),
                    content_w: geometry.content_size.width,
                    content_h: geometry.content_size.height,
                },
            );
        }
    }

    /// Returns measured, constrained, laid-out, clipped, and estimated paint bounds.
    pub fn inspect_node(
        &self,
        snapshot: &LayoutSnapshot,
        node_id: WidgetId,
    ) -> Option<LayoutInspection> {
        let geometry = snapshot.nodes.get(&node_id)?;
        let constraints = snapshot.constraints.get(&node_id).copied()?;
        let measured = LayoutRect::new(
            geometry.rect.x(),
            geometry.rect.y(),
            geometry.content_size.width,
            geometry.content_size.height,
        );
        let effective_constraints = self
            .graph_state
            .node(node_id)
            .map(|node| {
                let resolved_style;
                let op = match &node.op {
                    LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => {
                        resolved_style =
                            resolve_box_style(style, constraints, snapshot.viewport_size);
                        &resolved_style
                    }
                    op => op,
                };
                match op {
                    LayoutOp::Box {
                        width,
                        height,
                        min_width,
                        max_width,
                        min_height,
                        max_height,
                        ..
                    } => constraints
                        .apply_min_max(*min_width, *max_width, *min_height, *max_height)
                        .tighten(*width, *height),
                    _ => constraints,
                }
            })
            .unwrap_or(constraints);
        let constrained_size = effective_constraints.constrain(geometry.content_size);
        let constrained = LayoutRect::new(
            geometry.rect.x(),
            geometry.rect.y(),
            constrained_size.width,
            constrained_size.height,
        );
        let mut clipped = geometry.rect;
        let mut ancestor = self.graph_state.parent_of(node_id);
        while let Some(ancestor_id) = ancestor {
            let clips = self
                .graph_state
                .node(ancestor_id)
                .is_some_and(|node| match &node.op {
                    LayoutOp::Scroll { .. } | LayoutOp::Clip { .. } => true,
                    LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => {
                        style.overflow == fission_ir::op::Overflow::Clip
                    }
                    _ => false,
                });
            if clips {
                if let Some(ancestor_geometry) = snapshot.nodes.get(&ancestor_id) {
                    clipped = intersect_rect(clipped, ancestor_geometry.rect);
                }
            }
            ancestor = self.graph_state.parent_of(ancestor_id);
        }

        let mut painted = geometry.rect;
        let mut descendants = self.graph_state.children_of(node_id).to_vec();
        while let Some(descendant) = descendants.pop() {
            if let Some(descendant_geometry) = snapshot.nodes.get(&descendant) {
                painted = union_rect(painted, descendant_geometry.rect);
            }
            descendants.extend_from_slice(self.graph_state.children_of(descendant));
        }
        Some(LayoutInspection {
            node: node_id,
            measured,
            constraints,
            constrained,
            laid_out: geometry.rect,
            clipped,
            painted,
            overflow_x: geometry.content_size.width > geometry.rect.width() + 0.5,
            overflow_y: geometry.content_size.height > geometry.rect.height() + 0.5,
        })
    }

    fn layout_depth_overflow(&self, node_id: WidgetId, depth: usize) -> anyhow::Error {
        let details = format!(
            "layout recursion depth {} exceeded max {} at node {}",
            depth,
            Self::MAX_LAYOUT_RECURSION_DEPTH,
            node_id.as_u128()
        );
        diag::emit(
            diag::DiagCategory::Invariants,
            diag::DiagLevel::Error,
            diag::DiagEventKind::InvariantViolation {
                kind: "layout_recursion_depth".into(),
                node: Some(node_id.as_u128()),
                details: details.clone(),
                dump_ref: None,
            },
        );
        anyhow::anyhow!(details)
    }

    fn copy_cached_subtree(
        &self,
        node_id: WidgetId,
        origin: LayoutPoint,
        current_constraints: BoxConstraints,
        out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, LayoutNodeGeometry>,
        constraints_out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, BoxConstraints>,
    ) -> Result<Option<LayoutSize>> {
        let Some(reuse) = self.incremental_reuse.as_ref() else {
            return Ok(None);
        };
        if reuse.dirty_ancestors.contains(&node_id) {
            return Ok(None);
        }

        let Some(previous_geometry) = reuse.previous_snapshot.nodes.get(&node_id) else {
            return Ok(None);
        };
        let Some(previous_constraints) = reuse.previous_snapshot.constraints.get(&node_id).copied()
        else {
            return Ok(None);
        };
        if previous_constraints != current_constraints {
            return Ok(None);
        }

        let dx = origin.x - previous_geometry.rect.origin.x;
        let dy = origin.y - previous_geometry.rect.origin.y;
        let mut stack = vec![(node_id, 0usize)];
        while let Some((current_id, depth)) = stack.pop() {
            if depth > Self::MAX_LAYOUT_RECURSION_DEPTH {
                return Err(self.layout_depth_overflow(current_id, depth));
            }
            let Some(previous_geometry) = reuse.previous_snapshot.nodes.get(&current_id) else {
                return Ok(None);
            };
            let Some(previous_constraints) = reuse
                .previous_snapshot
                .constraints
                .get(&current_id)
                .copied()
            else {
                return Ok(None);
            };

            let mut geometry = previous_geometry.clone();
            geometry.rect.origin.x += dx;
            geometry.rect.origin.y += dy;
            out.insert(current_id, geometry);
            constraints_out.insert(current_id, previous_constraints);

            let children = self.graph_state.children_of(current_id);
            for child_id in children.iter().rev() {
                stack.push((*child_id, depth + 1));
            }
        }

        Ok(Some(previous_geometry.content_size))
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn measure_grid_intrinsic_width(
        &self,
        node_id: WidgetId,
        intrinsic: IntrinsicAxis,
        max_height: f32,
        out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, LayoutNodeGeometry>,
        constraints_out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, BoxConstraints>,
        measure_cache: &mut HashMap<MeasureCacheKey, LayoutSize>,
        scroll_source: &impl ScrollDataSource,
        depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<f32> {
        let Some(node) = self.graph_state.node(node_id) else {
            return Ok(0.0);
        };
        if let (Some(runs), Some(measurer)) = (&node.rich_text, &self.measurer) {
            return Ok(match intrinsic {
                IntrinsicAxis::Max => measurer.layout_rich_text(runs, None).width,
                IntrinsicAxis::Min => runs
                    .iter()
                    .flat_map(|run| {
                        run.text.split_whitespace().map(move |word| {
                            measurer.measure(word, run.style.font_size, None).0
                                + run.style.letter_spacing
                                    * word.chars().count().saturating_sub(1) as f32
                        })
                    })
                    .fold(0.0, f32::max),
            });
        }

        if matches!(node.op, LayoutOp::GridItem { .. } | LayoutOp::Align)
            && node.children_ids.len() == 1
        {
            return self.measure_grid_intrinsic_width(
                node.children_ids[0],
                intrinsic,
                max_height,
                out,
                constraints_out,
                measure_cache,
                scroll_source,
                depth + 1,
            );
        }

        let constraints = BoxConstraints {
            min_w: 0.0,
            max_w: f32::INFINITY,
            min_h: 0.0,
            max_h: if max_height.is_finite() {
                max_height
            } else {
                f32::INFINITY
            },
        };
        Ok(self
            .layout_node_constraints(
                node_id,
                constraints,
                LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                out,
                constraints_out,
                measure_cache,
                scroll_source,
                false,
                depth + 1,
            )?
            .width)
    }

    fn layout_node_constraints(
        &self,
        node_id: WidgetId,
        constraints: BoxConstraints,
        origin: LayoutPoint,
        out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, LayoutNodeGeometry>,
        constraints_out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, BoxConstraints>,
        measure_cache: &mut HashMap<MeasureCacheKey, LayoutSize>,
        scroll_source: &impl ScrollDataSource,
        record: bool,
        depth: usize,
    ) -> Result<LayoutSize> {
        if depth > Self::MAX_LAYOUT_RECURSION_DEPTH {
            return Err(self.layout_depth_overflow(node_id, depth));
        }
        if !record {
            let cache_key = MeasureCacheKey::new(node_id, constraints);
            if let Some(cached) = measure_cache.get(&cache_key).copied() {
                return Ok(cached);
            }
        }
        let node = match self.graph_state.node(node_id) {
            Some(node) => node,
            None => return Ok(LayoutSize::ZERO),
        };

        if record {
            constraints_out.insert(node_id, constraints);
        }

        if record {
            if let Some(reused) =
                self.copy_cached_subtree(node_id, origin, constraints, out, constraints_out)?
            {
                return Ok(reused);
            }
        }

        let mut flow_children: Vec<WidgetId> = Vec::new();
        let mut abs_children: Vec<WidgetId> = Vec::new();
        for child_id in self.graph_state.children_of(node_id) {
            let is_absolute = matches!(
                self.graph_state.node(*child_id).map(|n| &n.op),
                Some(LayoutOp::AbsoluteFill)
                    | Some(LayoutOp::Positioned { .. })
                    | Some(LayoutOp::PositionedLengths { .. })
            );
            if is_absolute {
                abs_children.push(*child_id);
            } else {
                flow_children.push(*child_id);
            }
        }
        let rich_text_inline_children = node.rich_text.is_some() && !flow_children.is_empty();

        let mut resolved_style_op = match &node.op {
            LayoutOp::StyledBox {
                style,
                flex_grow,
                flex_shrink,
            } => {
                let mut op = resolve_box_style(style, constraints, self.active_viewport);
                if let LayoutOp::Box {
                    flex_grow: resolved_grow,
                    flex_shrink: resolved_shrink,
                    ..
                } = &mut op
                {
                    *resolved_grow = *flex_grow;
                    *resolved_shrink = *flex_shrink;
                }
                Some(op)
            }
            _ => None,
        };
        if let (
            LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. },
            Some(LayoutOp::Box {
                width,
                min_width,
                max_width,
                padding,
                ..
            }),
        ) = (&node.op, &mut resolved_style_op)
        {
            let needs_intrinsic_width = [
                style.width.as_ref(),
                style.min_width.as_ref(),
                style.max_width.as_ref(),
            ]
            .into_iter()
            .flatten()
            .any(length_requires_measurement);
            if needs_intrinsic_width {
                let mut min_content = 0.0f32;
                let mut max_content = 0.0f32;
                if let (Some(runs), Some(measurer)) = (&node.rich_text, &self.measurer) {
                    min_content = runs
                        .iter()
                        .flat_map(|run| {
                            run.text.split_whitespace().map(move |word| {
                                measurer.measure(word, run.style.font_size, None).0
                                    + run.style.letter_spacing
                                        * word.chars().count().saturating_sub(1) as f32
                            })
                        })
                        .fold(0.0, f32::max);
                    max_content = measurer.layout_rich_text(runs, None).width;
                }
                for child_id in &flow_children {
                    min_content = min_content.max(self.measure_grid_intrinsic_width(
                        *child_id,
                        IntrinsicAxis::Min,
                        constraints.max_h,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?);
                    max_content = max_content.max(self.measure_grid_intrinsic_width(
                        *child_id,
                        IntrinsicAxis::Max,
                        constraints.max_h,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?);
                }
                let horizontal_padding = padding[0] + padding[1];
                min_content += horizontal_padding;
                max_content =
                    max_content.max(min_content - horizontal_padding) + horizontal_padding;
                let available = if constraints.max_w.is_finite() {
                    constraints.max_w
                } else {
                    max_content
                };
                let resolve = |length: &Option<Length>| {
                    length.as_ref().and_then(|length| {
                        resolve_measured_length(
                            length,
                            available,
                            self.active_viewport,
                            min_content,
                            max_content,
                        )
                    })
                };
                *width = resolve(&style.width);
                *min_width = resolve(&style.min_width);
                *max_width = resolve(&style.max_width);
            }
        }
        let layout_op = resolved_style_op.as_ref().unwrap_or(&node.op);
        let box_alignment = match &node.op {
            LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => style.alignment,
            // Legacy low-level Box nodes have always stretched an auto-sized
            // child across the parent's cross axis. StyledBox carries an
            // explicit alignment and may opt into start/center/end instead.
            LayoutOp::Box { .. }
                if node.rich_text.is_some()
                    || node.parent_id.is_some_and(|parent_id| {
                        matches!(
                            self.graph_state.node(parent_id).map(|parent| &parent.op),
                            Some(LayoutOp::Flex { .. })
                                | Some(LayoutOp::Align)
                                | Some(LayoutOp::StyledBox { flex_grow: 0.0, .. })
                        )
                    }) =>
            {
                fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Start
            }
            LayoutOp::Box { .. } => fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch,
            _ => fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Start,
        };
        let intrinsic_box_width = match &node.op {
            LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => style.width.as_ref(),
            _ => None,
        };

        let mut content_size;
        let size = match layout_op {
            LayoutOp::Box {
                width,
                height,
                min_width,
                max_width,
                min_height,
                max_height,
                padding,
                aspect_ratio,
                ..
            } => {
                let mut local =
                    constraints.apply_min_max(*min_width, *max_width, *min_height, *max_height);
                local = local.tighten(*width, *height);
                // A measured text node must retain its intrinsic height when
                // its parent supplies a loose cross-axis constraint. Applying
                // that constraint as a tight height makes tooltips and row
                // labels fill the viewport instead of sizing to their lines.
                if node.rich_text.is_some() && height.is_none() {
                    local.min_h = 0.0;
                    local.max_h = f32::INFINITY;
                }
                if let Some(ratio) = aspect_ratio.filter(|r| *r > 0.0) {
                    let mut target_w = *width;
                    let mut target_h = *height;

                    if target_w.is_some() && target_h.is_none() {
                        target_h = target_w.map(|w| w / ratio);
                    } else if target_h.is_some() && target_w.is_none() {
                        target_w = target_h.map(|h| h * ratio);
                    } else if target_w.is_none() && target_h.is_none() {
                        if local.is_width_bounded() || local.is_height_bounded() {
                            let (mut w, mut h) = if local.is_width_bounded() {
                                let w = local.max_w;
                                let h = w / ratio;
                                (w, h)
                            } else {
                                let h = local.max_h;
                                let w = h * ratio;
                                (w, h)
                            };
                            if local.is_width_bounded()
                                && local.is_height_bounded()
                                && h > local.max_h
                            {
                                h = local.max_h;
                                w = h * ratio;
                            }
                            target_w = Some(w);
                            target_h = Some(h);
                        }
                    }

                    if target_w.is_some() || target_h.is_some() {
                        local = local.tighten(target_w, target_h);
                    }
                }
                let mut base_child_constraints = local.deflate(*padding);
                if matches!(intrinsic_box_width, Some(Length::MaxContent)) {
                    base_child_constraints.min_w = 0.0;
                    base_child_constraints.max_w = f32::INFINITY;
                }
                if box_alignment != fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch {
                    base_child_constraints.min_w = 0.0;
                    base_child_constraints.min_h = 0.0;
                }
                let mut max_child = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                let mut measured_children: Vec<(WidgetId, BoxConstraints, LayoutSize)> = Vec::new();
                if !rich_text_inline_children {
                    for child_id in &flow_children {
                        let (child_width, child_height, child_max_width, child_max_height) = self
                            .graph_state
                            .node(*child_id)
                            .map(|child| match &child.op {
                                LayoutOp::Box {
                                    width,
                                    height,
                                    max_width,
                                    max_height,
                                    ..
                                } => (*width, *height, *max_width, *max_height),
                                LayoutOp::Scroll {
                                    width,
                                    height,
                                    max_width,
                                    max_height,
                                    ..
                                } => (*width, *height, *max_width, *max_height),
                                LayoutOp::Embed { width, height, .. } => {
                                    (*width, *height, None, None)
                                }
                                LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => {
                                    let resolved = resolve_box_style(
                                        style,
                                        base_child_constraints,
                                        self.active_viewport,
                                    );
                                    match resolved {
                                        LayoutOp::Box {
                                            width,
                                            height,
                                            max_width,
                                            max_height,
                                            ..
                                        } => (width, height, max_width, max_height),
                                        _ => unreachable!(),
                                    }
                                }
                                _ => (None, None, None, None),
                            })
                            .unwrap_or((None, None, None, None));
                        let mut child_constraints = base_child_constraints;
                        let child_is_align = self
                            .graph_state
                            .node(*child_id)
                            .is_some_and(|child| matches!(&child.op, LayoutOp::Align));
                        // Align intentionally fills a bounded constraint. When it
                        // is the direct child of an auto-sized, non-stretch box,
                        // measure it intrinsically so controls such as Button do
                        // not grow to the full loose width or height supplied by
                        // a flex line. Other children retain the finite maximum
                        // so text wrapping and bounded layout remain intact.
                        if box_alignment != fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch && child_is_align
                        {
                            if width.is_none() && local.min_w < local.max_w {
                                child_constraints.max_w = f32::INFINITY;
                            }
                            if height.is_none() && local.min_h < local.max_h {
                                child_constraints.max_h = f32::INFINITY;
                            }
                        }
                        if matches!(intrinsic_box_width, Some(Length::MinContent)) {
                            let intrinsic_width = self.measure_grid_intrinsic_width(
                                *child_id,
                                IntrinsicAxis::Min,
                                base_child_constraints.max_h,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                            child_constraints.min_w = intrinsic_width;
                            child_constraints.max_w = intrinsic_width;
                        }
                        let tight_width = child_constraints.min_w == child_constraints.max_w;
                        let stretch_width =
                            tight_width && child_width.is_none() && child_max_width.is_none();
                        if matches!(box_alignment, fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch)
                            && child_width.is_none()
                            && child_max_width.is_none()
                            && child_constraints.max_w.is_finite()
                        {
                            child_constraints.min_w = child_constraints.max_w;
                        } else if stretch_width {
                            child_constraints.min_w = child_constraints.max_w;
                        } else if tight_width
                            && (child_width.is_some() || child_max_width.is_some())
                        {
                            child_constraints.min_w = 0.0;
                        }
                        let tight_height = child_constraints.min_h == child_constraints.max_h;
                        let stretch_height =
                            tight_height && child_height.is_none() && child_max_height.is_none();
                        if matches!(box_alignment, fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch)
                            && child_height.is_none()
                            && child_max_height.is_none()
                            && child_constraints.max_h.is_finite()
                        {
                            child_constraints.min_h = child_constraints.max_h;
                        } else if stretch_height {
                            child_constraints.min_h = child_constraints.max_h;
                        } else if tight_height
                            && (child_height.is_some() || child_max_height.is_some())
                        {
                            child_constraints.min_h = 0.0;
                        }
                        let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                            *child_id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            false,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                        max_child.width = max_child.width.max(child_size.width);
                        max_child.height = max_child.height.max(child_size.height);
                        measured_children.push((*child_id, child_constraints, child_size));
                    }
                }
                let padded = LayoutSize::new(
                    max_child.width + padding[0] + padding[1],
                    max_child.height + padding[2] + padding[3],
                );
                if let LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } = &node.op {
                    let available = if constraints.max_h.is_finite() {
                        constraints.max_h
                    } else {
                        padded.height
                    };
                    let resolve_intrinsic_height = |length: &Option<Length>| {
                        length
                            .as_ref()
                            .filter(|length| length_requires_measurement(length))
                            .and_then(|length| {
                                resolve_measured_length(
                                    length,
                                    available,
                                    self.active_viewport,
                                    padded.height,
                                    padded.height,
                                )
                            })
                    };
                    local = local.apply_min_max(
                        None,
                        None,
                        resolve_intrinsic_height(&style.min_height),
                        resolve_intrinsic_height(&style.max_height),
                    );
                    local = local.tighten(None, resolve_intrinsic_height(&style.height));
                }
                let size = local.constrain(padded);
                if record {
                    for (child_id, child_constraints, child_size) in measured_children {
                        let inner_width = (size.width - padding[0] - padding[1]).max(0.0);
                        let inner_height = (size.height - padding[2] - padding[3]).max(0.0);
                        let offset = |available: f32, child: f32| match box_alignment {
                            fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Start
                            | fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Stretch => 0.0,
                            fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::Center => {
                                ((available - child) / 2.0).max(0.0)
                            }
                            fission_ir::op::BoxAlignment::End => (available - child).max(0.0),
                        };
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            child_id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::new(
                                origin.x + padding[0] + offset(inner_width, child_size.width),
                                origin.y + padding[2] + offset(inner_height, child_size.height),
                            ),
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                    if !abs_children.is_empty() {
                        let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                        for child_id in abs_children {
                            self.layout_node_constraints(
                                child_id,
                                abs_constraints,
                                origin,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                record,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                        }
                    }
                }
                content_size = padded;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::Flex {
                direction,
                wrap,
                padding,
                gap,
                align_items,
                justify_content,
                flex_grow,
                ..
            } => {
                let gap = gap.unwrap_or(0.0);
                let local = constraints.tighten(node.width, node.height);
                let inner = local.deflate(*padding);
                let is_row = matches!(direction, IrFlexDirection::Row);

                let max_main = if is_row { inner.max_w } else { inner.max_h };
                let max_cross = if is_row { inner.max_h } else { inner.max_w };
                let min_main = if is_row { inner.min_w } else { inner.min_h };
                let min_cross = if is_row { inner.min_h } else { inner.min_w };
                let main_bounded = if is_row {
                    inner.is_width_bounded()
                } else {
                    inner.is_height_bounded()
                };
                let cross_bounded = if is_row {
                    inner.is_height_bounded()
                } else {
                    inner.is_width_bounded()
                };

                if matches!(wrap, IrFlexWrap::Wrap | IrFlexWrap::WrapReverse) {
                    let mut lines: Vec<(Vec<(WidgetId, LayoutSize, BoxConstraints)>, f32, f32)> =
                        Vec::new();
                    let mut line_children: Vec<(WidgetId, LayoutSize, BoxConstraints)> = Vec::new();
                    let mut line_main = 0.0f32;
                    let mut line_cross = 0.0f32;
                    let mut max_line_main = 0.0f32;

                    for child_id in &flow_children {
                        let has_explicit_main = self
                            .graph_state
                            .node(*child_id)
                            .is_some_and(|child| has_explicit_main_axis_size(child, is_row));
                        // Measure wrapped children at their intrinsic main-axis size.
                        // Giving every auto-sized child the full line width makes legacy
                        // Box-backed controls (buttons, switches, tags) expand to one
                        // item per line instead of wrapping like CSS flex items.
                        let mut child_constraints = if is_row {
                            BoxConstraints {
                                min_w: 0.0,
                                max_w: if main_bounded && has_explicit_main {
                                    max_main
                                } else {
                                    f32::INFINITY
                                },
                                min_h: 0.0,
                                max_h: max_cross,
                            }
                        } else {
                            BoxConstraints {
                                min_w: 0.0,
                                max_w: max_cross,
                                min_h: 0.0,
                                max_h: if main_bounded && has_explicit_main {
                                    max_main
                                } else {
                                    f32::INFINITY
                                },
                            }
                        };
                        let mut child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                            *child_id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            false,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                        let mut child_main = if is_row {
                            child_size.width
                        } else {
                            child_size.height
                        };
                        if main_bounded && child_main > max_main {
                            if is_row {
                                child_constraints.max_w = max_main;
                            } else {
                                child_constraints.max_h = max_main;
                            }
                            child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                                *child_id,
                                child_constraints,
                                LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                false,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                            child_main = if is_row {
                                child_size.width
                            } else {
                                child_size.height
                            };
                        }
                        let child_cross = if is_row {
                            child_size.height
                        } else {
                            child_size.width
                        };
                        let next_main = if line_children.is_empty() {
                            child_main
                        } else {
                            line_main + gap + child_main
                        };

                        if main_bounded && !line_children.is_empty() && next_main > max_main {
                            max_line_main = max_line_main.max(line_main);
                            lines.push((line_children, line_main, line_cross));
                            line_children = Vec::new();
                            line_main = 0.0;
                            line_cross = 0.0;
                        }

                        if !line_children.is_empty() {
                            line_main += gap;
                        }
                        line_main += child_main;
                        line_cross = line_cross.max(child_cross);
                        line_children.push((*child_id, child_size, child_constraints));
                    }

                    if !line_children.is_empty() {
                        max_line_main = max_line_main.max(line_main);
                        lines.push((line_children, line_main, line_cross));
                    }

                    let mut container_main = if main_bounded && *flex_grow > 0.0 {
                        max_main
                    } else {
                        max_line_main
                    };
                    container_main = container_main.max(min_main);
                    let total_lines_cross: f32 =
                        lines.iter().map(|(_, _, cross)| *cross).sum::<f32>()
                            + gap * lines.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
                    let container_cross = total_lines_cross.max(min_cross);
                    let size = if is_row {
                        local.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                            container_main + padding[0] + padding[1],
                            container_cross + padding[2] + padding[3],
                        ))
                    } else {
                        local.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                            container_cross + padding[0] + padding[1],
                            container_main + padding[2] + padding[3],
                        ))
                    };

                    let inner_main = if is_row {
                        size.width - padding[0] - padding[1]
                    } else {
                        size.height - padding[2] - padding[3]
                    };
                    let inner_cross = if is_row {
                        size.height - padding[2] - padding[3]
                    } else {
                        size.width - padding[0] - padding[1]
                    };

                    let mut ordered_lines = lines;
                    if matches!(wrap, IrFlexWrap::WrapReverse) {
                        ordered_lines.reverse();
                    }

                    let mut line_cursor = if matches!(wrap, IrFlexWrap::WrapReverse) {
                        (inner_cross - total_lines_cross).max(0.0)
                    } else {
                        0.0
                    };

                    for (line_children, line_main, line_cross) in ordered_lines {
                        let remaining_space = (inner_main - line_main).max(0.0);
                        let mut extra_gap = 0.0;
                        let mut offset_main = 0.0;
                        match justify_content {
                            fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::Start => {}
                            fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::End => offset_main = remaining_space,
                            fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::Center => {
                                offset_main = remaining_space / 2.0
                            }
                            fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::SpaceBetween => {
                                if line_children.len() > 1 {
                                    extra_gap =
                                        remaining_space / (line_children.len() as f32 - 1.0);
                                }
                            }
                            fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::SpaceAround => {
                                if !line_children.is_empty() {
                                    extra_gap = remaining_space / line_children.len() as f32;
                                    offset_main = extra_gap / 2.0;
                                }
                            }
                            fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::SpaceEvenly => {
                                if !line_children.is_empty() {
                                    extra_gap =
                                        remaining_space / (line_children.len() as f32 + 1.0);
                                    offset_main = extra_gap;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        let mut cursor = offset_main;
                        for (child_id, child_size, mut child_constraints) in line_children {
                            let child_main = if is_row {
                                child_size.width
                            } else {
                                child_size.height
                            };
                            let child_cross = if is_row {
                                child_size.height
                            } else {
                                child_size.width
                            };
                            let has_explicit_cross = self
                                .graph_state
                                .node(child_id)
                                .is_some_and(|child| has_explicit_cross_axis_size(child, is_row));
                            if matches!(align_items, fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch)
                                && !has_explicit_cross
                            {
                                if is_row {
                                    child_constraints.min_h = line_cross;
                                    child_constraints.max_h = line_cross;
                                } else {
                                    child_constraints.min_w = line_cross;
                                    child_constraints.max_w = line_cross;
                                }
                            }
                            let cross_offset = match align_items {
                                fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Start
                                | fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch => 0.0,
                                fission_ir::op::AlignItems::End => {
                                    (line_cross - child_cross).max(0.0)
                                }
                                fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Center => {
                                    ((line_cross - child_cross) / 2.0).max(0.0)
                                }
                                fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Baseline => 0.0,
                            };
                            let child_origin = if is_row {
                                LayoutPoint::new(
                                    origin.x + padding[0] + cursor,
                                    origin.y + padding[2] + line_cursor + cross_offset,
                                )
                            } else {
                                LayoutPoint::new(
                                    origin.x + padding[0] + line_cursor + cross_offset,
                                    origin.y + padding[2] + cursor,
                                )
                            };
                            self.layout_node_constraints(
                                child_id,
                                child_constraints,
                                child_origin,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                record,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                            cursor += child_main + gap + extra_gap;
                        }

                        line_cursor += line_cross + gap;
                    }

                    if record && !abs_children.is_empty() {
                        let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                        for child_id in abs_children {
                            self.layout_node_constraints(
                                child_id,
                                abs_constraints,
                                origin,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                record,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                        }
                    }
                    content_size = size;
                    size
                } else {
                    struct FlexChildEntry {
                        id: WidgetId,
                        flex: f32,
                        size: LayoutSize,
                        constraints: BoxConstraints,
                        is_flex: bool,
                    }
                    let mut measured: Vec<FlexChildEntry> = Vec::new();
                    let mut total_flex = 0.0f32;
                    let mut nonflex_main = 0.0f32;
                    let mut max_child_cross = 0.0f32;
                    let treat_flex_as_nonflex = !main_bounded;

                    for child_id in &flow_children {
                        let child = match self.graph_state.node(*child_id) {
                            Some(child) => child,
                            None => continue,
                        };
                        let has_explicit_cross = has_explicit_cross_axis_size(child, is_row);
                        let has_explicit_main = has_explicit_main_axis_size(child, is_row);
                        let flex = child.flex_grow;
                        if flex > 0.0 && !treat_flex_as_nonflex {
                            total_flex += flex;
                            measured.push(FlexChildEntry {
                                id: *child_id,
                                flex,
                                size: LayoutSize::ZERO,
                                constraints: BoxConstraints::loose(0.0, 0.0),
                                is_flex: true,
                            });
                            continue;
                        }
                        let child_constraints = if is_row {
                            let cross =
                                if matches!(align_items, fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch)
                                    && cross_bounded
                                    && !has_explicit_cross
                                    && child.rich_text.is_none()
                                    && !matches!(
                                        child.op,
                                        LayoutOp::Box {
                                            width: None,
                                            height: None,
                                            ..
                                        }
                                    )
                                {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: 0.0,
                                        max_w: if main_bounded && has_explicit_main {
                                            max_main
                                        } else {
                                            f32::INFINITY
                                        },
                                        min_h: max_cross,
                                        max_h: max_cross,
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: 0.0,
                                        max_w: if main_bounded && has_explicit_main {
                                            max_main
                                        } else {
                                            f32::INFINITY
                                        },
                                        min_h: 0.0,
                                        max_h: max_cross,
                                    }
                                };
                            cross
                        } else {
                            let cross =
                                if matches!(align_items, fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch)
                                    && cross_bounded
                                    && !has_explicit_cross
                                    && child.rich_text.is_none()
                                    && !matches!(
                                        child.op,
                                        LayoutOp::Box {
                                            width: None,
                                            height: None,
                                            ..
                                        }
                                    )
                                {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: max_cross,
                                        max_w: max_cross,
                                        min_h: 0.0,
                                        max_h: if main_bounded && has_explicit_main {
                                            max_main
                                        } else {
                                            f32::INFINITY
                                        },
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: 0.0,
                                        max_w: max_cross,
                                        min_h: 0.0,
                                        max_h: if main_bounded && has_explicit_main {
                                            max_main
                                        } else {
                                            f32::INFINITY
                                        },
                                    }
                                };
                            cross
                        };
                        let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                            *child_id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            false,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                        let child_main = if is_row {
                            child_size.width
                        } else {
                            child_size.height
                        };
                        let child_cross = if is_row {
                            child_size.height
                        } else {
                            child_size.width
                        };
                        nonflex_main += child_main;
                        max_child_cross = max_child_cross.max(child_cross);
                        measured.push(FlexChildEntry {
                            id: *child_id,
                            flex,
                            size: child_size,
                            constraints: child_constraints,
                            is_flex: false,
                        });
                    }

                    let gap_total = gap * flow_children.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32;
                    let remaining = if main_bounded {
                        (max_main - nonflex_main - gap_total).max(0.0)
                    } else {
                        0.0
                    };

                    for entry in measured.iter_mut().filter(|e| e.is_flex) {
                        let flex = entry.flex;
                        let has_explicit_cross = self
                            .graph_state
                            .node(entry.id)
                            .is_some_and(|child| has_explicit_cross_axis_size(child, is_row));
                        let allocated = if main_bounded && total_flex > 0.0 {
                            remaining * (flex / total_flex)
                        } else {
                            0.0
                        };
                        let child_constraints = if is_row {
                            let cross =
                                if matches!(align_items, fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch)
                                    && cross_bounded
                                    && !has_explicit_cross
                                {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: allocated,
                                        max_w: allocated,
                                        min_h: max_cross,
                                        max_h: max_cross,
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: allocated,
                                        max_w: allocated,
                                        min_h: 0.0,
                                        max_h: max_cross,
                                    }
                                };
                            cross
                        } else {
                            let cross =
                                if matches!(align_items, fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch)
                                    && cross_bounded
                                    && !has_explicit_cross
                                {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: max_cross,
                                        max_w: max_cross,
                                        min_h: allocated,
                                        max_h: allocated,
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    BoxConstraints {
                                        min_w: 0.0,
                                        max_w: max_cross,
                                        min_h: allocated,
                                        max_h: allocated,
                                    }
                                };
                            cross
                        };
                        let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                            entry.id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            false,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                        let child_cross = if is_row {
                            child_size.height
                        } else {
                            child_size.width
                        };
                        max_child_cross = max_child_cross.max(child_cross);
                        entry.size = child_size;
                        entry.constraints = child_constraints;
                    }

                    let final_children_main: f32 = measured
                        .iter()
                        .map(|entry| {
                            if is_row {
                                entry.size.width
                            } else {
                                entry.size.height
                            }
                        })
                        .sum();

                    let mut container_main = if main_bounded && *flex_grow > 0.0 {
                        max_main
                    } else {
                        final_children_main + gap_total
                    };
                    container_main = container_main.max(min_main);

                    if main_bounded && final_children_main + gap_total > max_main {
                        // SHRINK logic
                        let mut total_shrink_scaled = 0.0f32;
                        for entry in &measured {
                            let Some(child) = self.graph_state.node(entry.id) else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            let main_size = if is_row {
                                entry.size.width
                            } else {
                                entry.size.height
                            };
                            total_shrink_scaled += main_size * child.flex_shrink;
                        }

                        if total_shrink_scaled > 0.0 {
                            let overflow = (final_children_main + gap_total) - max_main;
                            for entry in &mut measured {
                                let Some(child) = self.graph_state.node(entry.id) else {
                                    continue;
                                };
                                let main_size = if is_row {
                                    entry.size.width
                                } else {
                                    entry.size.height
                                };
                                let shrink_amount = (main_size * child.flex_shrink
                                    / total_shrink_scaled)
                                    * overflow;
                                // Don't shrink below a reasonable minimum. Items with
                                // flex_shrink > 0 can shrink but not to zero - preserve at
                                // least a small fraction of their natural size.
                                let floor = if child.flex_shrink > 0.0 {
                                    // Check for explicit min/fixed dimension
                                    let explicit_min = match &child.op {
                                        LayoutOp::Box {
                                            min_width,
                                            min_height,
                                            height,
                                            width,
                                            ..
                                        } => {
                                            if is_row {
                                                min_width.or(*width).unwrap_or(0.0)
                                            } else {
                                                min_height.or(*height).unwrap_or(0.0)
                                            }
                                        }
                                        _ => 0.0,
                                    };
                                    explicit_min
                                } else {
                                    main_size // flex_shrink == 0 means don't shrink at all
                                };
                                let new_main = (main_size - shrink_amount).max(floor);

                                let mut child_constraints = entry.constraints;
                                if is_row {
                                    child_constraints.min_w = new_main;
                                    child_constraints.max_w = new_main;
                                } else {
                                    child_constraints.min_h = new_main;
                                    child_constraints.max_h = new_main;
                                }
                                let new_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                                    entry.id,
                                    child_constraints,
                                    LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                                    out,
                                    constraints_out,
                                    measure_cache,
                                    scroll_source,
                                    false,
                                    depth + 1,
                                )?;
                                entry.size = new_size;
                                entry.constraints = child_constraints;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    let container_cross = max_child_cross.max(min_cross);
                    let size = if is_row {
                        local.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                            container_main + padding[0] + padding[1],
                            container_cross + padding[2] + padding[3],
                        ))
                    } else {
                        local.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                            container_cross + padding[0] + padding[1],
                            container_main + padding[2] + padding[3],
                        ))
                    };

                    let inner_main = if is_row {
                        size.width - padding[0] - padding[1]
                    } else {
                        size.height - padding[2] - padding[3]
                    };
                    let inner_cross = if is_row {
                        size.height - padding[2] - padding[3]
                    } else {
                        size.width - padding[0] - padding[1]
                    };

                    let final_children_main: f32 = measured
                        .iter()
                        .map(|entry| {
                            if is_row {
                                entry.size.width
                            } else {
                                entry.size.height
                            }
                        })
                        .sum();

                    let remaining_space = (inner_main - final_children_main - gap_total).max(0.0);
                    let mut extra_gap = 0.0;
                    let mut offset_main = 0.0;
                    match justify_content {
                        fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::Start => {}
                        fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::End => offset_main = remaining_space,
                        fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::Center => {
                            offset_main = remaining_space / 2.0
                        }
                        fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::SpaceBetween => {
                            if measured.len() > 1 {
                                extra_gap = remaining_space / (measured.len() as f32 - 1.0);
                            }
                        }
                        fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::SpaceAround => {
                            if !measured.is_empty() {
                                extra_gap = remaining_space / measured.len() as f32;
                                offset_main = extra_gap / 2.0;
                            }
                        }
                        fission_ir::op::JustifyContent::SpaceEvenly => {
                            if !measured.is_empty() {
                                extra_gap = remaining_space / (measured.len() as f32 + 1.0);
                                offset_main = extra_gap;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    let mut cursor = offset_main;
                    for entry in measured {
                        let child_main = if is_row {
                            entry.size.width
                        } else {
                            entry.size.height
                        };
                        let child_cross = if is_row {
                            entry.size.height
                        } else {
                            entry.size.width
                        };
                        let cross_offset = match align_items {
                            fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Start
                            | fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch => 0.0,
                            fission_ir::op::AlignItems::End => (inner_cross - child_cross).max(0.0),
                            fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Center => {
                                ((inner_cross - child_cross) / 2.0).max(0.0)
                            }
                            fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Baseline => 0.0,
                        };
                        let child_origin = if is_row {
                            LayoutPoint::new(
                                origin.x + padding[0] + cursor,
                                origin.y + padding[2] + cross_offset,
                            )
                        } else {
                            LayoutPoint::new(
                                origin.x + padding[0] + cross_offset,
                                origin.y + padding[2] + cursor,
                            )
                        };

                        let mut child_constraints = entry.constraints;
                        if matches!(align_items, fission_ir::op::AlignItems::Stretch) {
                            // Only stretch children that don't have an explicit cross-axis size.
                            let child_node = self.graph_state.node(entry.id);
                            let has_explicit_cross = child_node
                                .is_some_and(|node| has_explicit_cross_axis_size(node, is_row));
                            // Text owns its measured height/width; stretching the
                            // text layout node would turn a line into the full
                            // row height and distort vertical centering.
                            let is_measured_text = child_node.is_some_and(|node| {
                                node.rich_text.is_some()
                                    || matches!(
                                        node.op,
                                        LayoutOp::Box {
                                            width: None,
                                            height: None,
                                            ..
                                        }
                                    )
                            });
                            if !has_explicit_cross && !is_measured_text {
                                if is_row {
                                    child_constraints.min_h = inner_cross;
                                    child_constraints.max_h = inner_cross;
                                } else {
                                    child_constraints.min_w = inner_cross;
                                    child_constraints.max_w = inner_cross;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            entry.id,
                            child_constraints,
                            child_origin,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                        cursor += child_main + gap + extra_gap;
                    }

                    if record && !abs_children.is_empty() {
                        let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                        for child_id in abs_children {
                            self.layout_node_constraints(
                                child_id,
                                abs_constraints,
                                origin,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                record,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                        }
                    }
                    content_size = size;
                    size
                }
            }
            LayoutOp::Grid {
                columns,
                rows,
                column_gap,
                row_gap,
                padding,
            } => {
                let gap_x = column_gap.unwrap_or(0.0);
                let gap_y = row_gap.unwrap_or(0.0);
                let inner = constraints.deflate(*padding);
                let bounded_w = inner.is_width_bounded();
                let bounded_h = inner.is_height_bounded();
                let child_count = flow_children.len();
                let available_w = bounded_w.then_some(inner.max_w);
                let available_h = bounded_h.then_some(inner.max_h);
                let mut expanded_columns = expand_tracks(columns, available_w, gap_x, child_count);
                if expanded_columns.is_empty() {
                    expanded_columns.push(GridTrack::Auto);
                }
                let mut col_count = expanded_columns.len();

                #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
                struct GridCell {
                    id: WidgetId,
                    row: usize,
                    col: usize,
                    row_span: usize,
                    col_span: usize,
                }

                let mut cell_assignments: Vec<GridCell> = Vec::new();
                let mut auto_row = 0;
                let mut auto_col = 0;
                let mut occupied = HashSet::<(usize, usize)>::new();

                for child_id in &flow_children {
                    let Some(child) = self.graph_state.node(*child_id) else {
                        continue;
                    };
                    let (row_start, row_end, col_start, col_end) = if let LayoutOp::GridItem {
                        row_start,
                        row_end,
                        col_start,
                        col_end,
                        ..
                    } = &child.op
                    {
                        (*row_start, *row_end, *col_start, *col_end)
                    } else {
                        (
                            GridPlacement::Auto,
                            GridPlacement::Auto,
                            GridPlacement::Auto,
                            GridPlacement::Auto,
                        )
                    };
                    let explicit_row = match row_start {
                        GridPlacement::Line(line) => Some(line.max(1) as usize - 1),
                        _ => None,
                    };
                    let explicit_col = match col_start {
                        GridPlacement::Line(line) => Some(line.max(1) as usize - 1),
                        _ => None,
                    };
                    let row_span = match row_end {
                        GridPlacement::Span(span) => usize::from(span).max(1),
                        GridPlacement::Line(line) => {
                            let end = line.max(1) as usize - 1;
                            end.saturating_sub(explicit_row.unwrap_or_default()).max(1)
                        }
                        GridPlacement::Auto => 1,
                    };
                    let col_span = match col_end {
                        GridPlacement::Span(span) => usize::from(span).max(1),
                        GridPlacement::Line(line) => {
                            let end = line.max(1) as usize - 1;
                            end.saturating_sub(explicit_col.unwrap_or_default()).max(1)
                        }
                        GridPlacement::Auto => 1,
                    };
                    let fits = |row: usize, col: usize, occupied: &HashSet<(usize, usize)>| {
                        (row..row + row_span).all(|row| {
                            (col..col + col_span).all(|col| !occupied.contains(&(row, col)))
                        })
                    };
                    let (row, col) = match (explicit_row, explicit_col) {
                        (Some(row), Some(col)) => (row, col),
                        (Some(row), None) => {
                            let mut col = 0;
                            while !fits(row, col, &occupied) {
                                col += 1;
                            }
                            (row, col)
                        }
                        (None, Some(col)) => {
                            let mut row = 0;
                            while !fits(row, col, &occupied) {
                                row += 1;
                            }
                            (row, col)
                        }
                        (None, None) => {
                            while (col_span <= col_count && auto_col + col_span > col_count)
                                || !fits(auto_row, auto_col, &occupied)
                            {
                                auto_col += 1;
                                if auto_col >= col_count {
                                    auto_col = 0;
                                    auto_row += 1;
                                }
                            }
                            let placement = (auto_row, auto_col);
                            if col_span >= col_count {
                                auto_col = 0;
                                auto_row += 1;
                            } else {
                                auto_col += col_span;
                                if auto_col >= col_count {
                                    auto_col = 0;
                                    auto_row += 1;
                                }
                            }
                            placement
                        }
                    };
                    for occupied_row in row..row + row_span {
                        for occupied_col in col..col + col_span {
                            occupied.insert((occupied_row, occupied_col));
                        }
                    }
                    cell_assignments.push(GridCell {
                        id: *child_id,
                        row,
                        col,
                        row_span,
                        col_span,
                    });
                }

                let required_columns = cell_assignments
                    .iter()
                    .map(|cell| cell.col + cell.col_span)
                    .max()
                    .unwrap_or(1);
                if required_columns > col_count {
                    expanded_columns.resize(required_columns, GridTrack::Auto);
                    col_count = expanded_columns.len();
                }

                let mut column_sizing = expanded_columns
                    .iter()
                    .map(|track| TrackSizing::from_track(track, available_w))
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();

                for cell in &cell_assignments {
                    let intrinsic = column_sizing[cell.col..cell.col + cell.col_span]
                        .iter()
                        .filter_map(|track| track.intrinsic)
                        .fold(None, |current, axis| match (current, axis) {
                            (Some(IntrinsicAxis::Max), _) | (_, IntrinsicAxis::Max) => {
                                Some(IntrinsicAxis::Max)
                            }
                            _ => Some(IntrinsicAxis::Min),
                        });
                    let Some(intrinsic) = intrinsic else {
                        continue;
                    };
                    let width = self.measure_grid_intrinsic_width(
                        cell.id,
                        intrinsic,
                        inner.max_h,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                    distribute_deficit(
                        &mut column_sizing,
                        cell.col,
                        cell.col_span,
                        (width - gap_x * cell.col_span.saturating_sub(1) as f32).max(0.0),
                    );
                }
                if let Some(available_w) = available_w {
                    distribute_flex(&mut column_sizing, available_w, gap_x);
                }
                let col_widths = column_sizing
                    .iter()
                    .map(|track| track.base)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();

                let minimum_rows = cell_assignments
                    .iter()
                    .map(|cell| cell.row + cell.row_span)
                    .max()
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| (child_count + col_count - 1) / col_count)
                    .max(1);
                let mut expanded_rows = expand_tracks(rows, available_h, gap_y, minimum_rows);
                if expanded_rows.is_empty() {
                    expanded_rows.resize(minimum_rows, GridTrack::Auto);
                } else if expanded_rows.len() < minimum_rows {
                    expanded_rows.resize(minimum_rows, GridTrack::Auto);
                }
                let mut row_sizing = expanded_rows
                    .iter()
                    .map(|track| TrackSizing::from_track(track, available_h))
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();

                for cell in &cell_assignments {
                    if cell.row >= row_sizing.len() || cell.col >= col_widths.len() {
                        continue;
                    }
                    let col_end = (cell.col + cell.col_span).min(col_widths.len());
                    let cell_w = col_widths[cell.col..col_end].iter().sum::<f32>()
                        + gap_x * col_end.saturating_sub(cell.col + 1) as f32;
                    let cell_constraints = BoxConstraints {
                        min_w: 0.0,
                        max_w: cell_w,
                        min_h: 0.0,
                        max_h: f32::INFINITY,
                    };
                    let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        cell.id,
                        cell_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                    distribute_deficit(
                        &mut row_sizing,
                        cell.row,
                        cell.row_span,
                        (child_size.height - gap_y * cell.row_span.saturating_sub(1) as f32)
                            .max(0.0),
                    );
                }
                if let Some(available_h) = available_h {
                    distribute_flex(&mut row_sizing, available_h, gap_y);
                }
                let row_heights = row_sizing
                    .iter()
                    .map(|track| track.base)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();

                let grid_w: f32 =
                    col_widths.iter().sum::<f32>() + gap_x * (col_count.saturating_sub(1) as f32);
                let grid_h: f32 = row_heights.iter().sum::<f32>()
                    + gap_y * (row_heights.len().saturating_sub(1) as f32);
                let size = constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                    grid_w + padding[0] + padding[1],
                    grid_h + padding[2] + padding[3],
                ));

                if record {
                    let padding_origin_x = origin.x + padding[0];
                    let padding_origin_y = origin.y + padding[2];
                    for cell in &cell_assignments {
                        if cell.row >= row_heights.len() || cell.col >= col_widths.len() {
                            continue;
                        }
                        let cell_x = padding_origin_x
                            + col_widths[..cell.col].iter().sum::<f32>()
                            + gap_x * cell.col as f32;
                        let cell_y = padding_origin_y
                            + row_heights[..cell.row].iter().sum::<f32>()
                            + gap_y * cell.row as f32;
                        let col_end = (cell.col + cell.col_span).min(col_widths.len());
                        let row_end = (cell.row + cell.row_span).min(row_heights.len());
                        let cell_w = col_widths[cell.col..col_end].iter().sum::<f32>()
                            + gap_x * col_end.saturating_sub(cell.col + 1) as f32;
                        let cell_h = row_heights[cell.row..row_end].iter().sum::<f32>()
                            + gap_y * row_end.saturating_sub(cell.row + 1) as f32;
                        let child_constraints = BoxConstraints {
                            min_w: cell_w,
                            max_w: cell_w,
                            min_h: cell_h,
                            max_h: cell_h,
                        };
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            cell.id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::new(cell_x, cell_y),
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                }

                if record && !abs_children.is_empty() {
                    let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                    for child_id in abs_children {
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            child_id,
                            abs_constraints,
                            origin,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                }
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::GridItem { .. } => {
                let mut child_size = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                if let Some(child_id) = node.children_ids.first() {
                    child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        constraints,
                        origin,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                content_size = child_size;
                constraints.constrain(child_size)
            }
            LayoutOp::Responsive { query, cases } => {
                let query_width = match query {
                    fission_ir::op::ResponsiveQuery::Viewport => self.active_viewport.width,
                    fission_ir::op::ResponsiveQuery::Container => {
                        if constraints.is_width_bounded() {
                            constraints.max_w
                        } else {
                            self.active_viewport.width
                        }
                    }
                };
                let selected_index = cases
                    .iter()
                    .enumerate()
                    .find_map(|(index, condition)| condition.matches(query_width).then_some(index))
                    .unwrap_or(cases.len());
                let child_size = node
                    .children_ids
                    .get(selected_index)
                    .map(|child_id| {
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            *child_id,
                            constraints,
                            origin,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )
                    })
                    .transpose()?
                    .unwrap_or(LayoutSize::ZERO);
                content_size = child_size;
                constraints.constrain(child_size)
            }
            LayoutOp::Scroll {
                direction,
                width,
                height,
                min_width,
                max_width,
                min_height,
                max_height,
                padding,
                ..
            } => {
                let mut local =
                    constraints.apply_min_max(*min_width, *max_width, *min_height, *max_height);
                local = local.tighten(*width, *height);
                let is_horizontal = matches!(direction, FlexDirection::Row);
                let mut child_constraints = local.deflate(*padding);
                if is_horizontal {
                    child_constraints.min_w = 0.0;
                    child_constraints.max_w = f32::INFINITY;
                } else {
                    child_constraints.min_h = 0.0;
                    child_constraints.max_h = f32::INFINITY;
                }
                let mut child_size = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                if let Some(child_id) = flow_children.first() {
                    child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                let size = local.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                    child_size.width + padding[0] + padding[1],
                    child_size.height + padding[2] + padding[3],
                ));
                if record {
                    if let Some(child_id) = flow_children.first() {
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            *child_id,
                            child_constraints,
                            LayoutPoint::new(origin.x + padding[0], origin.y + padding[2]),
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                    if !abs_children.is_empty() {
                        let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                        for child_id in abs_children {
                            self.layout_node_constraints(
                                child_id,
                                abs_constraints,
                                origin,
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                record,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                        }
                    }
                }
                content_size = child_size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::Align => {
                let child_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(constraints.max_w, constraints.max_h);
                let mut child_size = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                if let Some(child_id) = flow_children.first() {
                    child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                let size = if constraints.is_width_bounded() || constraints.is_height_bounded() {
                    constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                        if constraints.is_width_bounded() {
                            constraints.max_w
                        } else {
                            child_size.width
                        },
                        if constraints.is_height_bounded() {
                            constraints.max_h
                        } else {
                            child_size.height
                        },
                    ))
                } else {
                    child_size
                };
                if let Some(child_id) = flow_children.first() {
                    let dx = ((size.width - child_size.width) / 2.0).max(0.0);
                    let dy = ((size.height - child_size.height) / 2.0).max(0.0);
                    self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::new(origin.x + dx, origin.y + dy),
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                if record && !abs_children.is_empty() {
                    let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                    for child_id in abs_children {
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            child_id,
                            abs_constraints,
                            origin,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                }
                content_size = child_size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::ZStack => {
                let mut max_child = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                for child_id in &flow_children {
                    let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        BoxConstraints::loose(constraints.max_w, constraints.max_h),
                        LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                    max_child.width = max_child.width.max(child_size.width);
                    max_child.height = max_child.height.max(child_size.height);
                }
                let size = if constraints.is_width_bounded() || constraints.is_height_bounded() {
                    constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(
                        if constraints.is_width_bounded() {
                            constraints.max_w
                        } else {
                            max_child.width
                        },
                        if constraints.is_height_bounded() {
                            constraints.max_h
                        } else {
                            max_child.height
                        },
                    ))
                } else {
                    max_child
                };
                for child_id in &flow_children {
                    let child_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                    let child_origin = LayoutPoint::new(origin.x, origin.y);
                    self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        child_origin,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                if record && !abs_children.is_empty() {
                    let abs_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                    for child_id in abs_children {
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            child_id,
                            abs_constraints,
                            origin,
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                }
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::Positioned {
                top,
                left,
                bottom,
                right,
                width,
                height,
            } => {
                let target_w = finite_or(constraints.max_w, finite_or(constraints.min_w, 0.0));
                let target_h = finite_or(constraints.max_h, finite_or(constraints.min_h, 0.0));
                let size = constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(target_w, target_h));
                let mut child_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                if let (Some(l), Some(r)) = (left, right) {
                    let w = (size.width - l - r).max(0.0);
                    child_constraints = child_constraints.tighten(Some(w), None);
                }
                if let (Some(t), Some(b)) = (top, bottom) {
                    let h = (size.height - t - b).max(0.0);
                    child_constraints = child_constraints.tighten(None, Some(h));
                }
                child_constraints = child_constraints.tighten(*width, *height);
                if let Some(child_id) = node.children_ids.first() {
                    let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                    let x = left.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        right
                            .map(|r| (size.width - r - child_size.width).max(0.0))
                            .unwrap_or(0.0)
                    });
                    let y = top.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        bottom
                            .map(|b| (size.height - b - child_size.height).max(0.0))
                            .unwrap_or(0.0)
                    });
                    self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::new(origin.x + x, origin.y + y),
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::PositionedLengths {
                top,
                left,
                bottom,
                right,
                width,
                height,
            } => {
                let target_w = finite_or(constraints.max_w, finite_or(constraints.min_w, 0.0));
                let target_h = finite_or(constraints.max_h, finite_or(constraints.min_h, 0.0));
                let size = constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(target_w, target_h));
                let resolve_horizontal = |length: &Option<Length>| {
                    length
                        .as_ref()
                        .and_then(|length| resolve_length(length, size.width, self.active_viewport))
                };
                let resolve_vertical = |length: &Option<Length>| {
                    length.as_ref().and_then(|length| {
                        resolve_length(length, size.height, self.active_viewport)
                    })
                };
                let left = resolve_horizontal(left);
                let top = resolve_vertical(top);
                let right = resolve_horizontal(right);
                let bottom = resolve_vertical(bottom);
                let width = resolve_horizontal(width);
                let height = resolve_vertical(height);
                let mut child_constraints = BoxConstraints::loose(size.width, size.height);
                if let (Some(left), Some(right)) = (left, right) {
                    child_constraints =
                        child_constraints.tighten(Some((size.width - left - right).max(0.0)), None);
                }
                if let (Some(top), Some(bottom)) = (top, bottom) {
                    child_constraints = child_constraints
                        .tighten(None, Some((size.height - top - bottom).max(0.0)));
                }
                child_constraints = child_constraints.tighten(width, height);
                if let Some(child_id) = node.children_ids.first() {
                    let child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::ZERO,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                    let x = left.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        right
                            .map(|right| (size.width - right - child_size.width).max(0.0))
                            .unwrap_or(0.0)
                    });
                    let y = top.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        bottom
                            .map(|bottom| (size.height - bottom - child_size.height).max(0.0))
                            .unwrap_or(0.0)
                    });
                    self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        child_constraints,
                        LayoutPoint::new(origin.x + x, origin.y + y),
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::Embed { width, height, .. } => {
                let local = constraints.tighten(*width, *height);
                let w = if local.is_width_bounded() {
                    local.max_w
                } else {
                    local.min_w
                };
                let h = if local.is_height_bounded() {
                    local.max_h
                } else {
                    local.min_h
                };
                let size = local.constrain(LayoutSize::new(w, h));
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::AbsoluteFill => {
                let target_w = finite_or(constraints.max_w, finite_or(constraints.min_w, 0.0));
                let target_h = finite_or(constraints.max_h, finite_or(constraints.min_h, 0.0));
                let size = constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(target_w, target_h));
                for child_id in self.graph_state.children_of(node_id) {
                    self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        BoxConstraints::tight(size),
                        origin,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::Spotlight { .. } => {
                let target_w = finite_or(constraints.max_w, finite_or(constraints.min_w, 0.0));
                let target_h = finite_or(constraints.max_h, finite_or(constraints.min_h, 0.0));
                let size = constraints.constrain(LayoutSize::new(target_w, target_h));
                for child_id in self.graph_state.children_of(node_id) {
                    self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        BoxConstraints::tight(LayoutSize::ZERO),
                        origin,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                content_size = size;
                size
            }
            LayoutOp::Transform { .. } | LayoutOp::Clip { .. } => {
                let mut child_size = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                if let Some(child_id) = node.children_ids.first() {
                    child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        constraints,
                        origin,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        record,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                content_size = child_size;
                constraints.constrain(child_size)
            }
            LayoutOp::Flyout { anchor, content: _ } => {
                let loose = BoxConstraints::loose(
                    if constraints.is_width_bounded() {
                        constraints.max_w
                    } else {
                        f32::INFINITY
                    },
                    if constraints.is_height_bounded() {
                        constraints.max_h
                    } else {
                        f32::INFINITY
                    },
                );
                let mut child_size = LayoutSize::ZERO;
                for child_id in self.graph_state.children_of(node_id) {
                    child_size = self.layout_node_constraints(
                        *child_id,
                        loose,
                        origin,
                        out,
                        constraints_out,
                        measure_cache,
                        scroll_source,
                        false,
                        depth + 1,
                    )?;
                }
                if record {
                    let anchor_rect = out.get(anchor).map(|g| g.rect);
                    let place_x = anchor_rect.map(|r| r.x()).unwrap_or(origin.x);
                    let place_y = anchor_rect.map(|r| r.y() + r.height()).unwrap_or(origin.y);
                    for child_id in self.graph_state.children_of(node_id) {
                        self.layout_node_constraints(
                            *child_id,
                            loose,
                            LayoutPoint::new(place_x, place_y),
                            out,
                            constraints_out,
                            measure_cache,
                            scroll_source,
                            record,
                            depth + 1,
                        )?;
                    }
                }
                content_size = child_size;
                child_size
            }
            LayoutOp::StyledBox { .. } => unreachable!("styled boxes are resolved before layout"),
        };

        if let Some(runs) = &node.rich_text {
            if let Some(measurer) = &self.measurer {
                let (mut text_constraints, text_padding) = match layout_op {
                    LayoutOp::Box {
                        width,
                        height,
                        min_width,
                        max_width,
                        min_height,
                        max_height,
                        padding,
                        ..
                    } => (
                        constraints
                            .apply_min_max(*min_width, *max_width, *min_height, *max_height)
                            .tighten(*width, *height),
                        *padding,
                    ),
                    _ => (constraints, [0.0; 4]),
                };
                let text_inner_constraints = text_constraints.deflate(text_padding);
                let intrinsic_width = match &node.op {
                    LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } => style.width.as_ref(),
                    _ => None,
                };
                let avail_w = match intrinsic_width {
                    Some(Length::MaxContent) => None,
                    Some(Length::MinContent) => Some(
                        runs.iter()
                            .flat_map(|run| {
                                run.text.split_whitespace().map(move |word| {
                                    measurer.measure(word, run.style.font_size, None).0
                                        + run.style.letter_spacing
                                            * word.chars().count().saturating_sub(1) as f32
                                })
                            })
                            .fold(0.0, f32::max),
                    ),
                    _ => text_inner_constraints
                        .is_width_bounded()
                        .then_some(text_inner_constraints.max_w),
                };
                let rich_layout = measurer.layout_rich_text(runs, avail_w);
                let text_content = LayoutSize::new(
                    rich_layout.width + text_padding[0] + text_padding[1],
                    rich_layout.height + text_padding[2] + text_padding[3],
                );
                if let LayoutOp::StyledBox { style, .. } = &node.op {
                    let available = if constraints.max_h.is_finite() {
                        constraints.max_h
                    } else {
                        text_content.height
                    };
                    let resolve_intrinsic_height = |length: &Option<Length>| {
                        length
                            .as_ref()
                            .filter(|length| length_requires_measurement(length))
                            .and_then(|length| {
                                resolve_measured_length(
                                    length,
                                    available,
                                    self.active_viewport,
                                    text_content.height,
                                    text_content.height,
                                )
                            })
                    };
                    text_constraints = text_constraints.apply_min_max(
                        None,
                        None,
                        resolve_intrinsic_height(&style.min_height),
                        resolve_intrinsic_height(&style.max_height),
                    );
                    text_constraints =
                        text_constraints.tighten(None, resolve_intrinsic_height(&style.height));
                }
                let measured = text_constraints.constrain(text_content);
                if rich_text_inline_children
                    && rich_layout.inline_boxes.len() == flow_children.len()
                {
                    let result =
                        self.record_geometry(node_id, origin, measured, text_content, out, record);
                    if record {
                        let mut inline_boxes = rich_layout.inline_boxes;
                        inline_boxes.sort_by_key(|inline_box| inline_box.id);
                        for (child_id, inline_box) in flow_children.iter().zip(inline_boxes.iter())
                        {
                            self.layout_node_constraints(
                                *child_id,
                                BoxConstraints::tight(LayoutSize::new(
                                    inline_box.width,
                                    inline_box.height,
                                )),
                                LayoutPoint::new(
                                    origin.x + text_padding[0] + inline_box.x,
                                    origin.y + text_padding[2] + inline_box.y,
                                ),
                                out,
                                constraints_out,
                                measure_cache,
                                scroll_source,
                                record,
                                depth + 1,
                            )?;
                        }
                    }
                    if !record {
                        measure_cache.insert(MeasureCacheKey::new(node_id, constraints), result);
                    }
                    return Ok(result);
                }
                if node.children_ids.is_empty() {
                    let result =
                        self.record_geometry(node_id, origin, measured, text_content, out, record);
                    if !record {
                        measure_cache.insert(MeasureCacheKey::new(node_id, constraints), result);
                    }
                    return Ok(result);
                }
                content_size.width = content_size.width.max(text_content.width);
                content_size.height = content_size.height.max(text_content.height);
            }
        }

        let result = self.record_geometry(node_id, origin, size, content_size, out, record);
        if !record {
            measure_cache.insert(MeasureCacheKey::new(node_id, constraints), result);
        }
        Ok(result)
    }

    fn record_geometry(
        &self,
        node_id: WidgetId,
        origin: LayoutPoint,
        size: LayoutSize,
        content_size: LayoutSize,
        out: &mut HashMap<WidgetId, LayoutNodeGeometry>,
        record: bool,
    ) -> LayoutSize {
        let mut rect_origin = origin;
        let mut rect_size = size;
        let mut rect_content = content_size;
        let mut had_non_finite = false;

        if !rect_origin.x.is_finite() {
            rect_origin.x = 0.0;
            had_non_finite = true;
        }
        if !rect_origin.y.is_finite() {
            rect_origin.y = 0.0;
            had_non_finite = true;
        }
        if !rect_size.width.is_finite() {
            rect_size.width = 0.0;
            had_non_finite = true;
        }
        if !rect_size.height.is_finite() {
            rect_size.height = 0.0;
            had_non_finite = true;
        }
        if !rect_content.width.is_finite() {
            rect_content.width = 0.0;
            had_non_finite = true;
        }
        if !rect_content.height.is_finite() {
            rect_content.height = 0.0;
            had_non_finite = true;
        }

        if had_non_finite {
            diag::emit(
                diag::DiagCategory::Invariants,
                diag::DiagLevel::Error,
                diag::DiagEventKind::InvariantViolation {
                    kind: "non_finite_layout".into(),
                    node: Some(node_id.as_u128()),
                    details: format!(
                        "origin=({:.2},{:.2}) size=({:.2},{:.2}) content=({:.2},{:.2})",
                        origin.x,
                        origin.y,
                        size.width,
                        size.height,
                        content_size.width,
                        content_size.height
                    ),
                    dump_ref: None,
                },
            );
        }

        if record {
            let rect = LayoutRect::new(
                rect_origin.x,
                rect_origin.y,
                rect_size.width,
                rect_size.height,
            );
            out.insert(
                node_id,
                LayoutNodeGeometry {
                    rect,
                    content_size: rect_content,
                },
            );
        }
        rect_size
    }
}