ferrum_native_ops_builder/

lib.rs

//! Isolated packaging and set assembly for source-built native operators.

mod package_platform;
pub mod source_build;

use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::fs;
use std::io::{self, Write};
use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
use std::process::Command;
use std::time::Instant;

use ferrum_native_ops::{
    CudaNativeBuildUnit, NativeOperatorArtifactLock, NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock,
    NativeOperatorEvidenceFile, NativeOperatorResolveRequest, NativeOperatorResolver,
    NativeOperatorSystemLibrary, NATIVE_OPERATOR_ARTIFACT_SET_SCHEMA_VERSION,
};
use ferrum_types::{
    is_sha256_digest, NativeOperatorAbiContract, NativeOperatorBackend, NativeOperatorBinding,
    NativeOperatorBuildSummary, NativeOperatorHostAbi, NativeOperatorLinkage,
    NativeOperatorManifest, NativeOperatorProviderCatalog, FERRUM_NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_VERSION,
    NATIVE_OPERATOR_MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
};
use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Deserialize, Serialize};
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
use tempfile::{Builder as TempBuilder, NamedTempFile};
use thiserror::Error;

pub const NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION: u32 = 1;
pub const NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_SPEC_SCHEMA_VERSION: u32 = 3;
pub const NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_RECEIPT_SCHEMA_VERSION: u32 = 5;

use package_platform::*;
pub use source_build::*;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageSpec {
    pub schema_version: u32,
    pub operator: String,
    pub operator_abi_version: String,
    pub backend: NativeOperatorBackend,
    pub compute_capabilities: Vec<String>,
    pub operation_bindings: Vec<NativeOperatorBinding>,
    pub required_exports: Vec<String>,
    pub license_files: Vec<NativeOperatorLicenseInput>,
    pub cuda_toolkit: Option<String>,
    pub cuda_runtime_min: Option<String>,
    pub system_libraries: Vec<NativeOperatorSystemLibrary>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageDefinition {
    pub schema_version: u32,
    pub operator: String,
    pub operator_abi_version: String,
    pub backend: NativeOperatorBackend,
    pub compute_capabilities: Vec<String>,
    pub provider_bindings: Vec<NativeOperatorProviderBindingDefinition>,
    pub required_exports: Vec<String>,
    pub license_files: Vec<NativeOperatorLicenseInput>,
    pub cuda_toolkit: Option<String>,
    pub cuda_runtime_min: Option<String>,
    pub system_libraries: Vec<NativeOperatorSystemLibrary>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct NativeOperatorProviderBindingDefinition {
    pub operation_id: String,
    pub provider_id: String,
    pub entrypoints: Vec<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NativeOperatorLicenseInput {
    pub source_path: String,
    pub output_path: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageReceipt {
    pub schema_version: u32,
    pub operator: String,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub host_abi: Option<NativeOperatorHostAbi>,
    pub package_spec: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub g03_catalog: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub abi_contract: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub source_build_receipt: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub source_build_plan: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub source_build_inputs: Vec<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile>,
    pub source_build_logs: Vec<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile>,
    pub source_archive_sha256: String,
    pub source_archive_members: Vec<NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence>,
    pub source_archive_verification: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub descriptor_object: NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence,
    pub final_archive_members: Vec<NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence>,
    pub final_archive_verification: NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
    pub manifest_file: String,
    pub artifact_file: String,
    pub manifest_sha256: String,
    pub binary_sha256: String,
    pub g03_catalog_sha256: String,
    pub abi_contract_sha256: String,
    pub descriptor_export: String,
    pub license_files: Vec<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile>,
    pub system_libraries: Vec<NativeOperatorSystemLibrary>,
    pub package_toolchain: NativeOperatorPackageToolchain,
    pub package_environment: BTreeMap<String, String>,
    pub package_commands: Vec<NativeOperatorPackageCommand>,
    pub package_build_logs: Vec<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageToolchain {
    pub descriptor_compiler: NativeOperatorToolIdentity,
    pub descriptor_target: String,
    pub archiver: NativeOperatorToolIdentity,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub host_abi: Option<NativeOperatorHostAbi>,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "BTreeMap::is_empty")]
    pub environment: BTreeMap<String, String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageCommand {
    pub argv: Vec<String>,
    pub working_directory: String,
    pub stdout_log: String,
    pub stderr_log: String,
    pub return_code: i32,
    pub elapsed_ms: u64,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence {
    pub member: String,
    pub sha256: String,
    pub size_bytes: u64,
    pub object_identity: NativeOperatorObjectIdentity,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
    pub spec_path: PathBuf,
    pub source_root: PathBuf,
    pub license_root: PathBuf,
    pub source_build_receipt_path: PathBuf,
    pub source_build_plan_path: PathBuf,
    pub g03_catalog_path: PathBuf,
    pub abi_contract_path: PathBuf,
    pub output_dir: PathBuf,
    pub cc: PathBuf,
    pub ar: PathBuf,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct NativeOperatorPackageSpecRequest {
    pub definition_path: PathBuf,
    pub g03_catalog_path: PathBuf,
    pub output_path: PathBuf,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct NativeOperatorSetRequest {
    pub receipt_paths: Vec<PathBuf>,
    pub expected_receipt_sha256: Vec<String>,
    pub expected_g03_catalog_sha256: String,
    pub output_lock_path: PathBuf,
    pub compute_capability: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Error)]
pub enum NativeOperatorBuilderError {
    #[error("invalid native operator package request: {0}")]
    Invalid(String),
    #[error("path does not exist or is not a file: {0}")]
    MissingFile(PathBuf),
    #[error("output already exists: {0}")]
    OutputExists(PathBuf),
    #[error("failed to access {path}: {source}")]
    Io { path: PathBuf, source: io::Error },
    #[error("failed to parse JSON {path}: {source}")]
    Json {
        path: PathBuf,
        source: serde_json::Error,
    },
    #[error("native operator tool failed: tool={tool} status={status} stderr={stderr}")]
    Tool {
        tool: String,
        status: String,
        stderr: String,
    },
    #[error("native operator artifact validation failed: {0}")]
    Resolve(#[from] ferrum_native_ops::NativeOperatorResolveError),
    #[error("native operator artifact-set validation failed: {0}")]
    ArtifactSet(#[from] ferrum_native_ops::NativeOperatorArtifactSetError),
    #[error("native build artifact cache failed: {0}")]
    BuildCache(#[from] ferrum_native_ops::NativeBuildArtifactCacheError),
    #[error("native operator source build rejected: receipt={receipt_path} reason={reason}")]
    SourceBuildRejected {
        receipt_path: PathBuf,
        reason: String,
    },
}

pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, NativeOperatorBuilderError>;

pub fn materialize_native_operator_package_spec(
    request: &NativeOperatorPackageSpecRequest,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorPackageSpec> {
    require_file(&request.definition_path)?;
    require_file(&request.g03_catalog_path)?;
    if request.output_path.exists() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::OutputExists(
            request.output_path.clone(),
        ));
    }
    let definition: NativeOperatorPackageDefinition = read_json(&request.definition_path)?;
    validate_package_definition(&definition)?;
    let (catalog, catalog_sha256): (NativeOperatorProviderCatalog, String) =
        read_json_with_sha256(&request.g03_catalog_path)?;
    catalog
        .validate()
        .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
    if catalog_sha256
        != catalog
            .canonical_sha256()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "live G03 catalog is not in canonical JSON form: {}",
            request.g03_catalog_path.display()
        )));
    }
    if catalog.backend != definition.backend {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package definition backend {:?} differs from live G03 catalog backend {:?}",
            definition.backend, catalog.backend
        )));
    }

    let mut operation_bindings = Vec::with_capacity(definition.provider_bindings.len());
    for requested in &definition.provider_bindings {
        let provider = catalog
            .providers
            .iter()
            .find(|provider| {
                provider.operation_id == requested.operation_id
                    && provider.provider_id == requested.provider_id
            })
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "live G03 catalog does not contain operation/provider {}/{}",
                    requested.operation_id, requested.provider_id
                ))
            })?;
        operation_bindings.push(NativeOperatorBinding {
            operation_id: provider.operation_id.clone(),
            operation_contract_version: provider.operation_contract_version,
            provider_id: provider.provider_id.clone(),
            provider_version: provider.provider_version,
            provider_implementation_fingerprint: provider
                .provider_implementation_fingerprint
                .clone(),
            entrypoints: requested.entrypoints.clone(),
        });
    }
    operation_bindings.sort_by(|left, right| {
        left.operation_id
            .cmp(&right.operation_id)
            .then(left.provider_id.cmp(&right.provider_id))
    });

    let spec = NativeOperatorPackageSpec {
        schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_SPEC_SCHEMA_VERSION,
        operator: definition.operator,
        operator_abi_version: definition.operator_abi_version,
        backend: definition.backend,
        compute_capabilities: definition.compute_capabilities,
        operation_bindings,
        required_exports: definition.required_exports,
        license_files: definition.license_files,
        cuda_toolkit: definition.cuda_toolkit,
        cuda_runtime_min: definition.cuda_runtime_min,
        system_libraries: definition.system_libraries,
    };
    validate_package_spec(&spec)?;
    let parent = request.output_path.parent().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package spec output has no parent: {}",
            request.output_path.display()
        ))
    })?;
    fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: parent.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    write_json(&request.output_path, &spec)?;
    Ok(spec)
}

pub fn package_native_operator(
    request: &NativeOperatorPackageRequest,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorPackageReceipt> {
    require_file(&request.spec_path)?;
    require_file(&request.source_build_receipt_path)?;
    require_file(&request.source_build_plan_path)?;
    require_file(&request.g03_catalog_path)?;
    require_file(&request.abi_contract_path)?;
    if !request.cc.is_absolute() || !request.ar.is_absolute() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "package compiler and archiver paths must be absolute".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    if request.output_dir.exists() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::OutputExists(
            request.output_dir.clone(),
        ));
    }
    let (spec, spec_sha256): (NativeOperatorPackageSpec, String) =
        read_json_with_sha256(&request.spec_path)?;
    validate_package_spec(&spec)?;
    let source_root =
        request
            .source_root
            .canonicalize()
            .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
                path: request.source_root.clone(),
                source,
            })?;
    if !source_root.is_dir() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "source_root is not a directory: {}",
            source_root.display()
        )));
    }
    let license_root =
        request
            .license_root
            .canonicalize()
            .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
                path: request.license_root.clone(),
                source,
            })?;
    if !license_root.is_dir() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "license_root is not a directory: {}",
            license_root.display()
        )));
    }
    let source_build = load_source_build_for_package(
        &request.source_build_receipt_path,
        &request.source_build_plan_path,
        &spec,
        &source_root,
    )?;
    let source_host = source_host_toolchain(&source_build.receipt)?;
    let host_abi = source_host.host_abi.clone();
    let msvc = source_build::platform::is_msvc(host_abi.as_ref());
    let probe_environment = package_probe_environment(&request.cc, &request.ar, source_host)?;
    let package_toolchain = NativeOperatorPackageToolchain {
        descriptor_compiler: tool_identity(&request.cc, probe_environment.as_ref())?,
        descriptor_target: compiler_target(&request.cc)?,
        archiver: tool_identity(&request.ar, probe_environment.as_ref())?,
        host_abi: host_abi.clone(),
        environment: source_host.environment.clone(),
    };
    validate_package_host_link(&package_toolchain, &source_build.receipt)?;
    let package_environment = package_build_environment(&package_toolchain)?;
    if probe_environment
        .as_ref()
        .is_some_and(|environment| environment != &package_environment)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "MSVC tool probe environment differs from the recorded package build environment"
                .to_string(),
        ));
    }

    let (g03_catalog, g03_catalog_sha256): (NativeOperatorProviderCatalog, String) =
        read_json_with_sha256(&request.g03_catalog_path)?;
    g03_catalog
        .validate()
        .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
    if g03_catalog_sha256
        != g03_catalog
            .canonical_sha256()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "live G03 catalog is not in canonical JSON form: {}",
            request.g03_catalog_path.display()
        )));
    }
    validate_spec_against_catalog(&spec, &g03_catalog)?;
    let (abi_contract, abi_contract_sha256): (NativeOperatorAbiContract, String) =
        read_json_with_sha256(&request.abi_contract_path)?;
    abi_contract
        .validate()
        .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
    if abi_contract_sha256
        != abi_contract
            .canonical_sha256()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "native ABI contract is not in canonical JSON form: {}",
            request.abi_contract_path.display()
        )));
    }
    let identity_suffix = &sha256_bytes(spec.operator.as_bytes())[..12];
    let symbol_slug = symbol_slug(&spec.operator)?;
    let descriptor_export = format!("ferrum_native_{symbol_slug}_{identity_suffix}_descriptor_v2");
    let artifact_file = package_artifact_file(&symbol_slug, identity_suffix, msvc);
    let manifest_file = "native_operator_manifest.json".to_string();
    let receipt_file = "package.receipt.json";

    let output_parent = request
        .output_dir
        .parent()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
    fs::create_dir_all(output_parent).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: output_parent.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    let staging = TempBuilder::new()
        .prefix(".ferrum-native-package-")
        .tempdir_in(output_parent)
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: output_parent.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    let package_spec = copy_evidence_file(
        &request.spec_path,
        staging.path(),
        "provenance/package.spec.json",
    )?;
    if package_spec.sha256 != spec_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package spec changed while packaging",
            spec.operator
        )));
    }
    let g03_catalog = copy_evidence_file(
        &request.g03_catalog_path,
        staging.path(),
        "provenance/g03-provider-catalog.json",
    )?;
    if g03_catalog.sha256 != g03_catalog_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} live G03 catalog changed while packaging",
            spec.operator
        )));
    }
    let abi_contract = copy_evidence_file(
        &request.abi_contract_path,
        staging.path(),
        "provenance/native-abi-contract.json",
    )?;
    if abi_contract.sha256 != abi_contract_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} native ABI contract changed while packaging",
            spec.operator
        )));
    }
    let source_build_receipt = copy_evidence_file(
        &request.source_build_receipt_path,
        staging.path(),
        "provenance/source-build.receipt.json",
    )?;
    if source_build_receipt.sha256 != source_build.receipt_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build receipt changed while packaging",
            spec.operator
        )));
    }
    let source_build_plan = copy_evidence_file(
        &source_build.plan_path,
        staging.path(),
        "provenance/source-build.plan.json",
    )?;
    if source_build_plan.sha256 != source_build.receipt.plan_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build plan changed while packaging",
            spec.operator
        )));
    }
    let source_build_logs = copy_source_build_logs(
        &request.source_build_receipt_path,
        &source_build.receipt,
        staging.path(),
    )?;
    let source_build_inputs = copy_source_build_inputs(
        &request.source_build_receipt_path,
        &source_build.receipt,
        staging.path(),
    )?;
    let source_plan = verify_source_build_receipt_against_plan_portable(
        &source_build.receipt,
        &staging.path().join(&source_build_plan.path),
    )?;
    verify_source_build_evidence(
        &source_build.receipt,
        staging.path().join("provenance").as_path(),
        &source_plan,
    )?;
    let artifact_path = staging.path().join(&artifact_file);
    fs::copy(&source_build.archive_path, &artifact_path).map_err(|source| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: artifact_path.clone(),
            source,
        }
    })?;
    let copied_source_archive_sha256 = sha256_file(&artifact_path)?;
    if copied_source_archive_sha256 != source_build.source_archive_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source archive changed while packaging: expected={} actual={copied_source_archive_sha256}",
            spec.operator, source_build.source_archive_sha256
        )));
    }
    let source_archive_expected = source_archive_member_expectations(&source_build.receipt)?;
    let (source_archive_members, source_archive_verification) = verify_archive_members(
        &artifact_path,
        &source_build.receipt.operator,
        &source_archive_expected,
        &package_toolchain.archiver.path,
        staging.path(),
        &package_environment,
        "build-logs/source-archive-verify.log",
    )?;

    let descriptor_source = staging.path().join("descriptor.c");
    let descriptor_object_file = descriptor_object_file(msvc);
    let descriptor_object = staging.path().join(descriptor_object_file);
    fs::write(
        &descriptor_source,
        render_descriptor_source_for_host(
            &descriptor_export,
            &spec.operator,
            &spec.operator_abi_version,
            &g03_catalog_sha256,
            &abi_contract_sha256,
            msvc,
        ),
    )
    .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: descriptor_source.clone(),
        source,
    })?;
    let descriptor_compile = run_package_command(
        &package_toolchain.descriptor_compiler.path,
        descriptor_compile_args(msvc),
        staging.path(),
        "build-logs/descriptor-compile.stdout.log",
        "build-logs/descriptor-compile.stderr.log",
        &package_environment,
    )?;
    let descriptor_object_evidence =
        archive_member_evidence_file(descriptor_object_file, &descriptor_object)?;
    let mut final_archive_expected = source_archive_members.clone();
    final_archive_expected.push(descriptor_object_evidence.clone());
    final_archive_expected.sort_by(|left, right| left.member.cmp(&right.member));
    validate_archive_member_evidence(&spec.operator, &final_archive_expected)?;
    let restored_objects = if msvc {
        restore_msvc_source_members(&artifact_path, &source_archive_members, staging.path())?
    } else {
        Vec::new()
    };
    let descriptor_archive = run_package_command(
        &package_toolchain.archiver.path,
        descriptor_archive_args(&artifact_file, &source_archive_members, msvc),
        staging.path(),
        "build-logs/descriptor-archive.stdout.log",
        "build-logs/descriptor-archive.stderr.log",
        &package_environment,
    )?;
    let (final_archive_members, final_archive_verification) = verify_archive_members(
        &artifact_path,
        &spec.operator,
        &final_archive_expected,
        &package_toolchain.archiver.path,
        staging.path(),
        &package_environment,
        "build-logs/final-archive-verify.log",
    )?;
    for path in restored_objects {
        fs::remove_file(&path).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io { path, source })?;
    }
    let package_commands = vec![descriptor_compile, descriptor_archive];
    let mut package_build_logs = vec![
        source_archive_verification.clone(),
        final_archive_verification.clone(),
    ];
    package_build_logs.extend(
        package_commands
            .iter()
            .flat_map(|command| [&command.stdout_log, &command.stderr_log])
            .map(|relative| evidence_file_at(staging.path(), relative))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
    );
    package_build_logs.sort_by(|left, right| left.path.cmp(&right.path));

    let mut license_files = Vec::with_capacity(spec.license_files.len());
    let mut license_evidence = Vec::with_capacity(spec.license_files.len());
    for license in &spec.license_files {
        let source = resolve_relative_file(&license_root, &license.source_path)?;
        license_evidence.push(copy_evidence_file(
            &source,
            staging.path(),
            &license.output_path,
        )?);
        license_files.push(license.output_path.clone());
    }

    let mut exports = spec.required_exports.clone();
    exports.push(descriptor_export.clone());
    exports.sort();
    let binary_sha256 = sha256_file(&artifact_path)?;
    let manifest = NativeOperatorManifest {
        schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_MANIFEST_SCHEMA_VERSION,
        operator: spec.operator.clone(),
        operator_abi_version: spec.operator_abi_version.clone(),
        ferrum_native_abi_version: FERRUM_NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_VERSION.to_string(),
        backend: spec.backend,
        host_abi: host_abi.clone(),
        cuda_toolkit: spec.cuda_toolkit.clone(),
        cuda_runtime_min: spec.cuda_runtime_min.clone(),
        compute_capabilities: spec.compute_capabilities.clone(),
        source_package: source_build.receipt.source_package.clone(),
        inputs_sha256: source_build.receipt.inputs_sha256.clone(),
        binary_sha256: binary_sha256.clone(),
        linkage: NativeOperatorLinkage::Static,
        g03_catalog_sha256: Some(g03_catalog_sha256.clone()),
        abi_contract_sha256: Some(abi_contract_sha256.clone()),
        descriptor_export: Some(descriptor_export.clone()),
        operation_bindings: spec.operation_bindings.clone(),
        exports: exports.clone(),
        license_files,
        build_summary: source_build.build_summary.clone(),
    };
    manifest
        .validate()
        .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
    let manifest_path = staging.path().join(&manifest_file);
    write_json(&manifest_path, &manifest)?;
    let mut resolve_request = NativeOperatorResolveRequest::new(
        spec.operator.clone(),
        spec.backend,
        &manifest_path,
        &artifact_path,
    )
    .with_compute_capability(source_build.receipt.compute_capability.clone())
    .with_operator_abi_version(spec.operator_abi_version.clone())
    .with_ferrum_native_abi_version(FERRUM_NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_VERSION)
    .with_g03_catalog_sha256(g03_catalog_sha256.clone())
    .with_abi_contract_sha256(abi_contract_sha256.clone())
    .with_descriptor_export(descriptor_export.clone())
    .with_required_exports(exports)
    .with_operation_bindings(spec.operation_bindings.clone());
    if let Some(abi) = &host_abi {
        resolve_request = resolve_request.with_host_abi(abi.clone());
    }
    NativeOperatorResolver.resolve(&resolve_request)?;

    let manifest_sha256 = sha256_file(&manifest_path)?;
    let receipt = NativeOperatorPackageReceipt {
        schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_RECEIPT_SCHEMA_VERSION,
        operator: spec.operator.clone(),
        host_abi: host_abi.clone(),
        package_spec,
        g03_catalog,
        abi_contract,
        source_build_receipt,
        source_build_plan,
        source_build_inputs,
        source_build_logs,
        source_archive_sha256: source_build.source_archive_sha256.clone(),
        source_archive_members,
        source_archive_verification,
        descriptor_object: descriptor_object_evidence,
        final_archive_members,
        final_archive_verification,
        manifest_file,
        artifact_file,
        manifest_sha256,
        binary_sha256,
        g03_catalog_sha256,
        abi_contract_sha256,
        descriptor_export,
        license_files: license_evidence,
        system_libraries: package_system_libraries(&spec.system_libraries, host_abi.as_ref())?,
        package_toolchain,
        package_environment,
        package_commands,
        package_build_logs,
    };
    validate_package_receipt(&receipt)?;
    validate_package_semantic_links(
        &receipt,
        &spec,
        &source_build.receipt,
        &source_plan,
        &manifest,
    )?;
    write_json(&staging.path().join(receipt_file), &receipt)?;
    fs::remove_file(&descriptor_source).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: descriptor_source,
        source,
    })?;
    fs::remove_file(&descriptor_object).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: descriptor_object,
        source,
    })?;

    let staging_path = staging.keep();
    fs::rename(&staging_path, &request.output_dir).map_err(|source| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: request.output_dir.clone(),
            source,
        }
    })?;
    Ok(receipt)
}

struct ValidatedSourceBuildForPackage {
    receipt: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    receipt_sha256: String,
    plan_path: PathBuf,
    archive_path: PathBuf,
    source_archive_sha256: String,
    build_summary: NativeOperatorBuildSummary,
}

fn load_source_build_for_package(
    receipt_path: &Path,
    plan_path: &Path,
    spec: &NativeOperatorPackageSpec,
    source_root: &Path,
) -> Result<ValidatedSourceBuildForPackage> {
    let bytes = fs::read(receipt_path).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: receipt_path.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    let receipt_sha256 = sha256_bytes(&bytes);
    let receipt: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
        serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Json {
            path: receipt_path.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    validate_source_build_for_package(&receipt, spec)?;
    let receipt_root = receipt_path.parent().unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
    verify_source_build_receipt_against_plan(&receipt, receipt_root, plan_path, source_root)?;

    let archive_file = receipt
        .archive_file
        .as_deref()
        .expect("validated PASS receipt has archive_file");
    let receipt_root = receipt_path.parent().unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
    let archive_path = resolve_relative_file(receipt_root, archive_file)?;
    let source_archive_sha256 = sha256_file(&archive_path)?;
    let expected_archive_sha256 = receipt
        .archive_sha256
        .as_deref()
        .expect("validated PASS receipt has archive_sha256");
    if source_archive_sha256 != expected_archive_sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build archive sha256 differs from its receipt: expected={expected_archive_sha256} actual={source_archive_sha256}",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }

    let build_summary = source_build_summary(&receipt)?;

    Ok(ValidatedSourceBuildForPackage {
        receipt,
        receipt_sha256,
        plan_path: plan_path.to_path_buf(),
        archive_path,
        source_archive_sha256,
        build_summary,
    })
}

fn source_build_summary(
    receipt: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorBuildSummary> {
    let toolchain = receipt.toolchain.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} PASS source-build receipt is missing toolchain provenance",
            receipt.operator
        ))
    })?;
    let host_version = toolchain
        .miss_probe
        .as_ref()
        .map(|probe| normalize_tool_version(&probe.host_compiler_version))
        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
            normalize_tool_version(&toolchain.static_identity.host_toolchain.compiler_version)
        });
    Ok(NativeOperatorBuildSummary {
        builder_sha: receipt.builder_sha.clone(),
        elapsed_ms: receipt.elapsed_ms,
        nvcc_version: Some(
            toolchain
                .miss_probe
                .as_ref()
                .map(|probe| normalize_tool_version(&probe.nvcc_version))
                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                    format!(
                        "cuda-toolkit-static {}",
                        toolchain.static_identity.cuda_toolkit.release_version
                    )
                }),
        ),
        host_compiler: format!(
            "path={};sha256={};version={}",
            toolchain.static_identity.host_toolchain.compiler.path,
            toolchain.static_identity.host_toolchain.compiler.sha256,
            host_version
        ),
    })
}

fn validate_source_build_for_package(
    receipt: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    spec: &NativeOperatorPackageSpec,
) -> Result<()> {
    if receipt.schema_version != NATIVE_OPERATOR_SOURCE_BUILD_RECEIPT_SCHEMA_VERSION {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "source-build receipt schema_version must be {NATIVE_OPERATOR_SOURCE_BUILD_RECEIPT_SCHEMA_VERSION}"
        )));
    }
    if receipt.status != NativeOperatorSourceBuildStatus::Pass
        || receipt.plan_only
        || receipt.failure_class.is_some()
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package requires a terminal PASS source-build receipt: status={:?} plan_only={} failure_class={:?}",
            receipt.status, receipt.plan_only, receipt.failure_class
        )));
    }
    if receipt.operator != spec.operator {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "source-build operator differs from package spec: expected={} actual={}",
            spec.operator, receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if spec.compute_capabilities.as_slice() != std::slice::from_ref(&receipt.compute_capability) {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package compute_capabilities must exactly equal the source-build target [{}]",
            receipt.operator, receipt.compute_capability
        )));
    }
    for (field, digest) in [
        ("plan_sha256", receipt.plan_sha256.as_str()),
        (
            "source_package.sha256",
            receipt.source_package.sha256.as_str(),
        ),
        ("inputs_sha256", receipt.inputs_sha256.as_str()),
    ] {
        if !is_sha256_digest(digest) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} source-build receipt {field} is not a lowercase sha256 digest",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
    }
    if receipt.source_package.kind.trim().is_empty()
        || receipt.source_package.revision.trim().is_empty()
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build source_package kind and revision must be non-empty",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if !is_git_object_id(&receipt.builder_sha) {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build builder_sha must be a lowercase 40- or 64-hex git object id",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if receipt.nvcc_threads == 0 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build nvcc_threads must be greater than zero",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if receipt.architecture_argument.trim().is_empty()
        || receipt.object_cache_root.trim().is_empty()
        || receipt.effective_environment.is_empty()
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build architecture, object cache, and effective environment must be recorded",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }

    let host = source_host_toolchain(receipt)?;
    let msvc = source_build::platform::is_msvc(host.host_abi.as_ref());
    let archive_file = receipt.archive_file.as_deref().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} PASS source-build receipt is missing archive_file",
            receipt.operator
        ))
    })?;
    validate_relative_path(archive_file)?;
    if Path::new(archive_file).parent() != Some(Path::new(""))
        || Path::new(archive_file).extension() != Some(OsStr::new(if msvc { "lib" } else { "a" }))
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build archive_file must be a native static-library filename without directories",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if !receipt
        .archive_sha256
        .as_deref()
        .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} PASS source-build receipt is missing a valid archive_sha256",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }

    let toolchain = receipt.toolchain.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} PASS source-build receipt is missing toolchain provenance",
            receipt.operator
        ))
    })?;
    let static_identity = &toolchain.static_identity;
    if spec.cuda_toolkit.as_deref().is_none_or(|declared| {
        !cuda_toolkit_version_matches(declared, &static_identity.cuda_toolkit.release_version)
    }) {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package cuda_toolkit does not match source-build toolkit release {}",
            receipt.operator, static_identity.cuda_toolkit.release_version
        )));
    }
    for (name, tool) in [
        ("nvcc", &static_identity.cuda_toolkit.nvcc),
        ("host_compiler", &static_identity.host_toolchain.compiler),
        ("archiver", &static_identity.archiver),
    ] {
        if !recorded_absolute_path(&tool.path)
            || !is_sha256_digest(&tool.sha256)
            || tool.size_bytes == 0
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} source-build {name} identity is incomplete",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
    }
    if !recorded_absolute_path(&static_identity.cuda_toolkit.canonical_root)
        || static_identity
            .cuda_toolkit
            .release_version
            .trim()
            .is_empty()
        || static_identity
            .cuda_toolkit
            .release_version
            .chars()
            .any(|character| !(character.is_ascii_digit() || character == '.'))
        || !source_build::platform::path_is_within(
            &static_identity.cuda_toolkit.nvcc.path,
            &static_identity.cuda_toolkit.canonical_root,
        )
        || static_identity.cuda_toolkit.manifest.path != "toolchain/cuda-static-manifest.json"
        || !is_sha256_digest(&static_identity.cuda_toolkit.manifest.sha256)
        || static_identity.cuda_toolkit.manifest.size_bytes == 0
        || static_identity
            .host_toolchain
            .compiler_version
            .trim()
            .is_empty()
        || static_identity.host_toolchain.target.trim().is_empty()
        || static_identity.host_toolchain.target.len() > 256
        || static_identity
            .host_toolchain
            .target
            .chars()
            .any(char::is_whitespace)
        || static_identity.host_toolchain.manifest.path != "toolchain/host-static-manifest.json"
        || !is_sha256_digest(&static_identity.host_toolchain.manifest.sha256)
        || static_identity.host_toolchain.manifest.size_bytes == 0
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build cuda toolkit identity is invalid",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    match &toolchain.miss_probe {
        Some(probe)
            if !probe.nvcc_version.trim().is_empty()
                && !probe.host_compiler_version.trim().is_empty()
                && !probe.archiver_version.trim().is_empty()
                && !probe.host_target.trim().is_empty()
                && probe.host_target.len() <= 256
                && !probe.host_target.chars().any(char::is_whitespace)
                && probe.host_compiler_version
                    == static_identity.host_toolchain.compiler_version
                && probe.host_target == static_identity.host_toolchain.target
                && probe.probed_for_misses == receipt.compiled_translation_units => {}
        None if receipt.compiled_translation_units.is_empty() => {}
        _ => {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build miss-only toolchain probe does not match compiled translation units",
            receipt.operator
        )))
        }
    }

    if receipt.commands.len() < 2 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} PASS source-build receipt must contain translation-unit and archive commands",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    let (archive_command, translation_unit_commands) = receipt
        .commands
        .split_last()
        .expect("commands length checked above");
    let expected_working_directory = translation_unit_commands[0].working_directory.clone();
    if expected_working_directory.trim().is_empty()
        || !recorded_absolute_path(&expected_working_directory)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build working directory must be a recorded absolute path",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    let mut observed_compiled = Vec::new();
    let mut observed_cache_hits = Vec::new();
    let mut previous_translation_unit: Option<&str> = None;
    for command in translation_unit_commands {
        let translation_unit = command.translation_unit.as_deref().ok_or_else(|| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} source-build translation-unit command is missing its source path",
                receipt.operator
            ))
        })?;
        validate_relative_path(translation_unit)?;
        if previous_translation_unit.is_some_and(|previous| previous >= translation_unit) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} source-build translation-unit commands must be sorted and unique",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
        previous_translation_unit = Some(translation_unit);
        validate_source_build_command_common(receipt, command, &expected_working_directory)?;
        if command.object_file.as_deref().is_none_or(str::is_empty)
            || !command
                .object_cache_key
                .as_deref()
                .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
            || !command
                .object_sha256
                .as_deref()
                .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
            || command.object_size_bytes.is_none_or(|size| size == 0)
            || command.object_identity.is_none()
            || !command
                .dependency_closure_sha256
                .as_deref()
                .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
            || command
                .object_cache_entry
                .as_deref()
                .is_none_or(str::is_empty)
            || command.elapsed_ms.is_none()
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} source-build command for {translation_unit} has incomplete object evidence",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
        validate_native_object_identity(
            command
                .object_identity
                .as_ref()
                .expect("validated object identity"),
            translation_unit,
        )?;
        match command.object_cache_status {
            Some(NativeOperatorSourceObjectCacheStatus::Hit)
                if !command.compiler_executed
                    && command.return_code.is_none()
                    && command.dependency_validation
                        == Some(NativeOperatorDependencyValidation::CacheProof)
                    && command
                        .compiler_depfile
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(|path| validate_relative_path(path).is_ok())
                    && command
                        .compiler_depfile_sha256
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
                    && command
                        .depfile
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(|path| validate_relative_path(path).is_ok())
                    && command
                        .depfile_sha256
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
                    && command
                        .depfile_producer_working_directory
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(recorded_absolute_path)
                    && command
                        .depfile_producer_object_file
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(recorded_absolute_path)
                    && !command.depfile_bindings.is_empty()
                    && !command.observed_dependencies.is_empty() =>
            {
                observed_cache_hits.push(translation_unit.to_string());
            }
            Some(NativeOperatorSourceObjectCacheStatus::Published)
                if command.compiler_executed
                    && command.return_code == Some(0)
                    && command.dependency_validation
                        == Some(NativeOperatorDependencyValidation::Depfile)
                    && command
                        .compiler_depfile
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(|path| validate_relative_path(path).is_ok())
                    && command
                        .compiler_depfile_sha256
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
                    && command
                        .depfile
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(|path| validate_relative_path(path).is_ok())
                    && command
                        .depfile_sha256
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(is_sha256_digest)
                    && command
                        .depfile_producer_working_directory
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(recorded_absolute_path)
                    && command
                        .depfile_producer_object_file
                        .as_deref()
                        .is_some_and(recorded_absolute_path)
                    && !command.depfile_bindings.is_empty()
                    && !command.observed_dependencies.is_empty() =>
            {
                observed_compiled.push(translation_unit.to_string());
            }
            _ => {
                return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "{} source-build command for {translation_unit} is not terminal",
                    receipt.operator
                )));
            }
        }
    }
    let archive_working_directory = if msvc {
        if !recorded_absolute_path(&archive_command.working_directory) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "MSVC archive working directory must be absolute".into(),
            ));
        }
        // The portable plan validator independently binds this to the source
        // object directory; lib.exe receives basename inputs from that cwd.
        &archive_command.working_directory
    } else {
        &expected_working_directory
    };
    validate_source_build_command_common(receipt, archive_command, archive_working_directory)?;
    if archive_command.translation_unit.is_some()
        || archive_command.object_file.is_some()
        || archive_command.object_cache_status.is_some()
        || archive_command.object_cache_key.is_some()
        || archive_command.object_sha256.is_some()
        || archive_command.object_size_bytes.is_some()
        || archive_command.object_identity.is_some()
        || archive_command.dependency_closure_sha256.is_some()
        || archive_command.dependency_validation.is_some()
        || archive_command.compiler_depfile.is_some()
        || archive_command.compiler_depfile_sha256.is_some()
        || archive_command.depfile.is_some()
        || archive_command.depfile_sha256.is_some()
        || archive_command.depfile_producer_working_directory.is_some()
        || archive_command.depfile_producer_object_file.is_some()
        || !archive_command.depfile_bindings.is_empty()
        || !archive_command.observed_dependencies.is_empty()
        || archive_command.return_code != Some(0)
        || archive_command.elapsed_ms.is_none()
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build archive command is not terminal",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if observed_compiled != receipt.compiled_translation_units
        || observed_cache_hits != receipt.cache_hit_translation_units
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build compiled/cache-hit summaries do not match command evidence",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_source_build_command_common(
    receipt: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    command: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildCommand,
    expected_working_directory: &str,
) -> Result<()> {
    if command.working_directory != expected_working_directory || command.argv.is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build command has an unexpected working directory or empty argv",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    validate_relative_path(&command.stdout_log)?;
    validate_relative_path(&command.stderr_log)?;
    Ok(())
}

fn is_git_object_id(value: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(value.len(), 40 | 64)
        && value
            .bytes()
            .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_hexdigit() && !byte.is_ascii_uppercase())
}

fn normalize_tool_version(value: &str) -> String {
    value.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ")
}

fn copy_source_build_logs(
    receipt_path: &Path,
    receipt: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    package_root: &Path,
) -> Result<Vec<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile>> {
    let source_build_root = receipt_path.parent().unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
    let mut logs = receipt
        .commands
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|command| [&command.stdout_log, &command.stderr_log])
        .cloned()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    logs.sort();
    logs.dedup();
    if logs.is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build receipt contains no command logs",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    logs.into_iter()
        .map(|relative| {
            let source = resolve_relative_file(source_build_root, &relative)?;
            let evidence =
                copy_evidence_file(&source, package_root, &format!("provenance/{relative}"))?;
            if evidence.size_bytes == 0 {
                return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "{} source-build log is empty: {relative}",
                    receipt.operator
                )));
            }
            Ok(evidence)
        })
        .collect()
}

fn copy_source_build_inputs(
    receipt_path: &Path,
    receipt: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    package_root: &Path,
) -> Result<Vec<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile>> {
    let source_build_root = receipt_path.parent().unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
    let toolchain = receipt.toolchain.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build receipt is missing toolchain provenance",
            receipt.operator
        ))
    })?;
    let mut inputs = vec![
        toolchain.static_identity.cuda_toolkit.manifest.path.clone(),
        toolchain
            .static_identity
            .host_toolchain
            .manifest
            .path
            .clone(),
    ];
    if source_build::platform::is_msvc(toolchain.static_identity.host_toolchain.host_abi.as_ref()) {
        let archive = receipt.archive_file.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid("MSVC receipt has no source archive".into())
        })?;
        // Portable MSVC verification reopens the original archive, before the
        // package adds its descriptor to the separately published library.
        inputs.push(archive.clone());
    }
    inputs.extend(
        receipt
            .commands
            .iter()
            .filter(|command| {
                matches!(
                    command.dependency_validation,
                    Some(
                        NativeOperatorDependencyValidation::Depfile
                            | NativeOperatorDependencyValidation::CacheProof
                    )
                )
            })
            .flat_map(|command| {
                [command.compiler_depfile.clone(), command.depfile.clone()]
                    .into_iter()
                    .flatten()
            }),
    );
    inputs.sort();
    inputs.dedup();
    if inputs.is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build receipt contains no input evidence",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    inputs
        .into_iter()
        .map(|relative| {
            let source = resolve_relative_file(source_build_root, &relative)?;
            copy_evidence_file(&source, package_root, &format!("provenance/{relative}"))
        })
        .collect()
}

fn copy_evidence_file(
    source: &Path,
    package_root: &Path,
    output_relative: &str,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile> {
    require_file(source)?;
    validate_relative_path(output_relative)?;
    let destination = package_root.join(output_relative);
    if let Some(parent) = destination.parent() {
        fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: parent.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    }
    fs::copy(source, &destination).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: destination.clone(),
        source,
    })?;
    let size_bytes = fs::metadata(&destination)
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: destination.clone(),
            source,
        })?
        .len();
    if size_bytes == 0 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "native operator evidence file is empty: {}",
            source.display()
        )));
    }
    Ok(NativeOperatorEvidenceFile {
        path: output_relative.to_string(),
        sha256: sha256_file(&destination)?,
        size_bytes,
    })
}

fn evidence_file_at(package_root: &Path, relative: &str) -> Result<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile> {
    let path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, relative)?;
    let size_bytes = fs::metadata(&path)
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.clone(),
            source,
        })?
        .len();
    if size_bytes == 0 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package build log is empty: {relative}"
        )));
    }
    Ok(NativeOperatorEvidenceFile {
        path: relative.to_string(),
        sha256: sha256_file(&path)?,
        size_bytes,
    })
}

fn source_archive_member_expectations(
    receipt: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
) -> Result<Vec<NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence>> {
    let translation_unit_commands = receipt
        .commands
        .get(..receipt.commands.len().saturating_sub(1))
        .ok_or_else(|| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} source-build receipt has no archive command",
                receipt.operator
            ))
        })?;
    let expected = translation_unit_commands
        .iter()
        .map(|command| {
            let object_file = command.object_file.as_deref().ok_or_else(|| {
                NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "{} source-build command is missing object_file",
                    receipt.operator
                ))
            })?;
            let member = portable_file_name(object_file)?.to_string();
            validate_relative_path(&member)?;
            let sha256 = command.object_sha256.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
                NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "{} source-build command is missing object_sha256: {member}",
                    receipt.operator
                ))
            })?;
            let size_bytes = command
                .object_size_bytes
                .filter(|size| *size > 0)
                .ok_or_else(|| {
                    NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                        "{} source-build command is missing object_size_bytes: {member}",
                        receipt.operator
                    ))
                })?;
            let object_identity = command.object_identity.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
                NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "{} source-build command is missing object_identity: {member}",
                    receipt.operator
                ))
            })?;
            validate_native_object_identity(&object_identity, &member)?;
            Ok(NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence {
                member,
                sha256,
                size_bytes,
                object_identity,
            })
        })
        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
    validate_archive_member_evidence(&receipt.operator, &expected)?;
    Ok(expected)
}

fn verify_archive_members(
    archive_path: &Path,
    operator: &str,
    expected: &[NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence],
    archiver: &str,
    package_root: &Path,
    environment: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
    verification_log: &str,
) -> Result<(
    Vec<NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence>,
    NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
)> {
    validate_relative_path(verification_log)?;
    let (evidence, log) = inspect_archive_members(
        archive_path,
        operator,
        expected,
        archiver,
        package_root,
        environment,
    )?;
    let verification_path = package_root.join(verification_log);
    if let Some(parent) = verification_path.parent() {
        fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: parent.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    }
    fs::write(&verification_path, log).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: verification_path,
        source,
    })?;
    Ok((evidence, evidence_file_at(package_root, verification_log)?))
}

fn inspect_archive_members(
    archive_path: &Path,
    operator: &str,
    expected: &[NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence],
    archiver: &str,
    package_root: &Path,
    environment: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
) -> Result<(Vec<NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence>, String)> {
    validate_archive_member_evidence(operator, expected)?;
    if expected[0].object_identity.format == NativeOperatorObjectFormat::Coff {
        return inspect_msvc_package_members(archive_path, operator, expected);
    }
    let archive_file = archive_path
        .file_name()
        .and_then(|value| value.to_str())
        .ok_or_else(|| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "native archive has no UTF-8 file name: {}",
                archive_path.display()
            ))
        })?;
    let list_output = Command::new(archiver)
        .args(["t", archive_file])
        .current_dir(package_root)
        .env_clear()
        .envs(environment)
        .output()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: PathBuf::from(archiver),
            source,
        })?;
    if !list_output.status.success() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Tool {
            tool: archiver.to_string(),
            status: list_output.status.to_string(),
            stderr: String::from_utf8_lossy(&list_output.stderr)
                .trim()
                .chars()
                .take(2000)
                .collect(),
        });
    }
    let raw_listed = std::str::from_utf8(&list_output.stdout)
        .map_err(|_| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{operator} native archive member list is not UTF-8"
            ))
        })?
        .lines()
        .map(str::trim)
        .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
        .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let listed = raw_listed
        .iter()
        .filter(|member| !is_archive_metadata_member(member))
        .cloned()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let expected_names = expected
        .iter()
        .map(|evidence| evidence.member.clone())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    if listed != expected_names {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{operator} native archive members differ from expected evidence: expected={expected_names:?} actual={listed:?}"
        )));
    }

    let mut evidence = Vec::with_capacity(expected.len());
    let mut log = format!(
        "operator={}\narchive={archive_file}\narchive_sha256={}\nargv={} t {archive_file}\nraw_members={}\nmembers={}\n",
        operator,
        sha256_file(archive_path)?,
        archiver,
        raw_listed.join(","),
        expected_names.join(",")
    );
    for expected_member in expected {
        let member = &expected_member.member;
        let output = Command::new(archiver)
            .args(["p", archive_file, &member])
            .current_dir(package_root)
            .env_clear()
            .envs(environment)
            .output()
            .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
                path: PathBuf::from(archiver),
                source,
            })?;
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Tool {
                tool: archiver.to_string(),
                status: output.status.to_string(),
                stderr: String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
                    .trim()
                    .chars()
                    .take(2000)
                    .collect(),
            });
        }
        let actual_sha256 = sha256_bytes(&output.stdout);
        let actual_size = u64::try_from(output.stdout.len()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
        let object_identity = native_object_identity_bytes(&output.stdout, member)?;
        if actual_sha256 != expected_member.sha256
            || actual_size != expected_member.size_bytes
            || object_identity != expected_member.object_identity
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{operator} native archive member evidence mismatch: member={member} expected_sha256={} actual_sha256={actual_sha256} expected_size={} actual_size={actual_size} expected_identity={:?} actual_identity={object_identity:?}",
                expected_member.sha256,
                expected_member.size_bytes,
                expected_member.object_identity
            )));
        }
        log.push_str(&format!(
            "argv={archiver} p {archive_file} {member}\nmember={member} sha256={actual_sha256} size_bytes={actual_size} object_identity={object_identity:?}\n"
        ));
        evidence.push(NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence {
            member: member.clone(),
            sha256: actual_sha256,
            size_bytes: actual_size,
            object_identity,
        });
    }
    Ok((evidence, log))
}

fn validate_archive_member_evidence(
    operator: &str,
    members: &[NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence],
) -> Result<()> {
    if members.is_empty()
        || members
            .windows(2)
            .any(|pair| pair[0].member >= pair[1].member)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{operator} archive members must be sorted, unique, and non-empty"
        )));
    }
    let expected_identity = &members[0].object_identity;
    for member in members {
        validate_relative_path(&member.member)?;
        if Path::new(&member.member).parent() != Some(Path::new(""))
            || member.member.contains(['/', '\\', ':'])
            || !is_sha256_digest(&member.sha256)
            || member.size_bytes == 0
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{operator} archive member evidence is incomplete: {}",
                member.member
            )));
        }
        validate_native_object_identity(&member.object_identity, &member.member)?;
        if member.object_identity != *expected_identity {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{operator} archive mixes object targets: first={expected_identity:?} member={} actual={:?}",
                member.member, member.object_identity
            )));
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn archive_member_evidence_file(
    member: &str,
    path: &Path,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence> {
    validate_relative_path(member)?;
    require_file(path)?;
    let bytes = fs::read(path).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: path.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    let size_bytes = u64::try_from(bytes.len()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
    if size_bytes == 0 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "archive member object is empty: {member}"
        )));
    }
    let object_identity = if Path::new(member).extension() == Some(OsStr::new("obj")) {
        ferrum_native_ops::inspect_msvc_object(&bytes, source_build::platform::MSVC_TARGET)
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?
            .identity
    } else {
        native_object_identity_bytes(&bytes, member)?
    };
    Ok(NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence {
        member: member.to_string(),
        sha256: sha256_bytes(&bytes),
        size_bytes,
        object_identity,
    })
}

fn is_archive_metadata_member(member: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        member,
        "/" | "//" | "__.SYMDEF" | "__.SYMDEF SORTED" | "__.SYMDEF_64" | "__.SYMDEF_64 SORTED"
    )
}

fn validate_recorded_tool_binary(
    operator: &str,
    name: &str,
    tool: &NativeOperatorToolIdentity,
) -> Result<()> {
    let path = Path::new(&tool.path);
    require_file(path)?;
    let canonical = path
        .canonicalize()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    let actual_path = canonical.display().to_string();
    let actual_sha256 = sha256_file(&canonical)?;
    if actual_path != tool.path || actual_sha256 != tool.sha256 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{operator} recorded {name} binary changed before artifact-set assembly"
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn package_probe_environment(
    compiler: &Path,
    archiver: &Path,
    source_host: &NativeOperatorHostToolchainIdentity,
) -> Result<Option<BTreeMap<String, String>>> {
    if !source_build::platform::is_msvc(source_host.host_abi.as_ref()) {
        return Ok(None);
    }
    // Resolve the same selected tool paths used by tool_identity and the final
    // package commands, before either version probe starts. The environment is
    // rebuilt solely from the source receipt's validated MSVC/SDK selection.
    let canonical_tools = [compiler, archiver]
        .into_iter()
        .map(|path| {
            path.canonicalize()
                .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
                    path: path.to_path_buf(),
                    source,
                })
                .and_then(|path| {
                    path.into_os_string().into_string().map_err(|_| {
                        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                            "MSVC package tool path is not UTF-8".to_string(),
                        )
                    })
                })
        })
        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
    source_build::platform::msvc_environment_for_package_tools(
        [&canonical_tools[0], &canonical_tools[1]],
        &source_host.environment,
    )
    .map(Some)
}

fn package_build_environment(
    toolchain: &NativeOperatorPackageToolchain,
) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, String>> {
    source_build::platform::validate_host_contract(
        toolchain.host_abi.as_ref(),
        &toolchain.descriptor_target,
        &toolchain.descriptor_compiler.path,
        &toolchain.environment,
    )?;
    if source_build::platform::is_msvc(toolchain.host_abi.as_ref()) {
        return source_build::platform::msvc_environment_for_package_tools(
            [
                &toolchain.descriptor_compiler.path,
                &toolchain.archiver.path,
            ],
            &toolchain.environment,
        );
    }
    let mut path_entries = [
        toolchain.descriptor_compiler.path.as_str(),
        toolchain.archiver.path.as_str(),
    ]
    .iter()
    .filter_map(|path| Path::new(path).parent())
    .map(Path::to_path_buf)
    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    path_entries.extend([PathBuf::from("/bin"), PathBuf::from("/usr/bin")]);
    path_entries.sort();
    path_entries.dedup();
    if path_entries.iter().any(|path| path.as_os_str().is_empty()) {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "package tool paths must have parent directories".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    let path = std::env::join_paths(&path_entries)
        .map_err(|error| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "package tool PATH cannot be represented: {error}"
            ))
        })?
        .into_string()
        .map_err(|_| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid("package tool PATH is not valid UTF-8".to_string())
        })?;
    Ok(BTreeMap::from([
        ("LANG".to_string(), "C".to_string()),
        ("LC_ALL".to_string(), "C".to_string()),
        ("PATH".to_string(), path),
        ("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH".to_string(), "0".to_string()),
        ("TMPDIR".to_string(), "/tmp".to_string()),
        ("TZ".to_string(), "UTC".to_string()),
        ("ZERO_AR_DATE".to_string(), "1".to_string()),
    ]))
}

fn run_package_command(
    program: &str,
    args: Vec<String>,
    working_directory: &Path,
    stdout_log: &str,
    stderr_log: &str,
    environment: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorPackageCommand> {
    validate_relative_path(stdout_log)?;
    validate_relative_path(stderr_log)?;
    for relative in [stdout_log, stderr_log] {
        let parent = working_directory
            .join(relative)
            .parent()
            .expect("validated log path has parent")
            .to_path_buf();
        fs::create_dir_all(&parent).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: parent,
            source,
        })?;
    }
    let argv = std::iter::once(program.to_string())
        .chain(args.iter().cloned())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let started = Instant::now();
    let output = Command::new(program)
        .args(&args)
        .current_dir(working_directory)
        .env_clear()
        .envs(environment)
        .output()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: PathBuf::from(program),
            source,
        })?;
    let elapsed_ms = u64::try_from(started.elapsed().as_millis()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
    let write_log = |relative: &str, stream: &str, bytes: &[u8]| -> Result<()> {
        let path = working_directory.join(relative);
        let mut content = format!(
            "stream={stream}\nworking_directory=.\nargv={}\n",
            argv.join(" ")
        )
        .into_bytes();
        content.extend_from_slice(bytes);
        if !content.ends_with(b"\n") {
            content.push(b'\n');
        }
        fs::write(&path, content).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io { path, source })
    };
    write_log(stdout_log, "stdout", &output.stdout)?;
    write_log(stderr_log, "stderr", &output.stderr)?;
    let return_code = output.status.code().unwrap_or(-1);
    if !output.status.success() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Tool {
            tool: program.to_string(),
            status: output.status.to_string(),
            stderr: String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
                .trim()
                .chars()
                .take(2000)
                .collect(),
        });
    }
    Ok(NativeOperatorPackageCommand {
        argv,
        working_directory: ".".to_string(),
        stdout_log: stdout_log.to_string(),
        stderr_log: stderr_log.to_string(),
        return_code,
        elapsed_ms,
    })
}

pub fn assemble_native_operator_set(
    request: &NativeOperatorSetRequest,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock> {
    if request.receipt_paths.is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "artifact set requires at least one package receipt".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    if request.expected_receipt_sha256.len() != request.receipt_paths.len()
        || request
            .expected_receipt_sha256
            .iter()
            .any(|digest| !is_sha256_digest(digest))
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "artifact set requires one external receipt sha256 pin per package".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    if !is_sha256_digest(&request.expected_g03_catalog_sha256) {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "artifact set requires an external g03 catalog sha256 pin".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    if request.output_lock_path.exists() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::OutputExists(
            request.output_lock_path.clone(),
        ));
    }
    if !request.compute_capability.starts_with("sm_") {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "compute_capability must use sm_xx form".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    let root = request
        .output_lock_path
        .parent()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
    fs::create_dir_all(root).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: root.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    let canonical_root = root
        .canonicalize()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: root.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;

    let mut artifacts = Vec::with_capacity(request.receipt_paths.len());
    for (receipt_path, expected_receipt_sha256) in request
        .receipt_paths
        .iter()
        .zip(&request.expected_receipt_sha256)
    {
        require_file(receipt_path)?;
        let actual_receipt_sha256 = sha256_file(receipt_path)?;
        if &actual_receipt_sha256 != expected_receipt_sha256 {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "package receipt differs from its external sha256 pin: path={} expected={expected_receipt_sha256} actual={actual_receipt_sha256}",
                receipt_path.display()
            )));
        }
        let receipt: NativeOperatorPackageReceipt = read_json(receipt_path)?;
        validate_package_receipt(&receipt)?;
        if receipt.g03_catalog_sha256 != request.expected_g03_catalog_sha256 {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "package {} catalog differs from the external artifact-set pin: expected={} actual={}",
                receipt.operator,
                request.expected_g03_catalog_sha256,
                receipt.g03_catalog_sha256
            )));
        }
        let package_root = receipt_path.parent().unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
        let package_receipt = resolve_file_evidence(receipt_path, &canonical_root)?;
        let manifest_path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.manifest_file)?;
        let manifest_evidence = resolve_file_evidence(&manifest_path, &canonical_root)?;
        let artifact_path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.artifact_file)?;
        let package_spec =
            resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, &receipt.package_spec)?;
        let g03_catalog =
            resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, &receipt.g03_catalog)?;
        let abi_contract =
            resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, &receipt.abi_contract)?;
        let source_build_receipt =
            resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, &receipt.source_build_receipt)?;
        let source_build_plan =
            resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, &receipt.source_build_plan)?;
        let source_build_inputs = receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter()
            .map(|evidence| resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, evidence))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let source_build_logs = receipt
            .source_build_logs
            .iter()
            .map(|evidence| resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, evidence))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let package_build_logs = receipt
            .package_build_logs
            .iter()
            .map(|evidence| resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, evidence))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let license_files = receipt
            .license_files
            .iter()
            .map(|evidence| resolve_package_evidence(package_root, &canonical_root, evidence))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
        let package_spec_path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.package_spec.path)?;
        let g03_catalog_path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.g03_catalog.path)?;
        let abi_contract_path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.abi_contract.path)?;
        let source_build_receipt_path =
            resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.source_build_receipt.path)?;
        let source_build_plan_path =
            resolve_relative_file(package_root, &receipt.source_build_plan.path)?;
        let packaged_spec: NativeOperatorPackageSpec = read_json(&package_spec_path)?;
        let packaged_g03_catalog: NativeOperatorProviderCatalog = read_json(&g03_catalog_path)?;
        let packaged_abi_contract: NativeOperatorAbiContract = read_json(&abi_contract_path)?;
        let packaged_source_build: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_build_receipt_path)?;
        validate_package_spec(&packaged_spec)?;
        packaged_g03_catalog
            .validate()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
        packaged_abi_contract
            .validate()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
        validate_spec_against_catalog(&packaged_spec, &packaged_g03_catalog)?;
        if packaged_g03_catalog
            .canonical_sha256()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?
            != receipt.g03_catalog_sha256
            || packaged_abi_contract
                .canonical_sha256()
                .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?
                != receipt.abi_contract_sha256
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} packaged catalog/ABI semantic hashes differ from their receipt pins",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
        validate_source_build_for_package(&packaged_source_build, &packaged_spec)?;
        let packaged_source_plan = verify_source_build_receipt_against_plan_portable(
            &packaged_source_build,
            &source_build_plan_path,
        )?;
        verify_source_build_evidence(
            &packaged_source_build,
            source_build_receipt_path
                .parent()
                .unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new(".")),
            &packaged_source_plan,
        )?;
        if manifest_evidence.sha256 != receipt.manifest_sha256 {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} manifest sha256 differs from its package receipt",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
        if sha256_file(&artifact_path)? != receipt.binary_sha256 {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} artifact sha256 differs from its package receipt",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
        validate_recorded_tool_binary(
            &receipt.operator,
            "archiver",
            &receipt.package_toolchain.archiver,
        )?;
        let package_environment = package_build_environment(&receipt.package_toolchain)?;
        inspect_archive_members(
            &artifact_path,
            &receipt.operator,
            &receipt.final_archive_members,
            &receipt.package_toolchain.archiver.path,
            package_root,
            &package_environment,
        )?;
        let manifest: NativeOperatorManifest = read_json(&manifest_path)?;
        manifest
            .validate()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
        validate_package_semantic_links(
            &receipt,
            &packaged_spec,
            &packaged_source_build,
            &packaged_source_plan,
            &manifest,
        )?;
        let mut resolve_request = NativeOperatorResolveRequest::new(
            manifest.operator.clone(),
            manifest.backend,
            &manifest_path,
            &artifact_path,
        )
        .with_compute_capability(request.compute_capability.clone())
        .with_operator_abi_version(manifest.operator_abi_version.clone())
        .with_ferrum_native_abi_version(manifest.ferrum_native_abi_version.clone())
        .with_g03_catalog_sha256(receipt.g03_catalog_sha256.clone())
        .with_abi_contract_sha256(receipt.abi_contract_sha256.clone())
        .with_descriptor_export(receipt.descriptor_export.clone())
        .with_required_exports(manifest.exports.clone())
        .with_operation_bindings(manifest.operation_bindings.clone());
        if let Some(abi) = &receipt.host_abi {
            resolve_request = resolve_request.with_host_abi(abi.clone());
        }
        NativeOperatorResolver.resolve(&resolve_request)?;

        artifacts.push(NativeOperatorArtifactLock {
            operator: manifest.operator,
            backend: manifest.backend,
            host_abi: receipt.host_abi,
            manifest_path: relative_path(&canonical_root, &manifest_path)?,
            manifest: manifest_evidence,
            artifact_path: relative_path(&canonical_root, &artifact_path)?,
            operator_abi_version: manifest.operator_abi_version,
            ferrum_native_abi_version: manifest.ferrum_native_abi_version,
            source_package_sha256: manifest.source_package.sha256,
            inputs_sha256: manifest.inputs_sha256,
            package_spec,
            g03_catalog,
            abi_contract,
            source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan,
            source_build_inputs,
            source_build_logs,
            source_archive_sha256: receipt.source_archive_sha256,
            package_receipt,
            package_build_logs,
            license_files,
            binary_sha256: receipt.binary_sha256,
            abi_contract_sha256: receipt.abi_contract_sha256,
            descriptor_export: receipt.descriptor_export,
            required_exports: manifest.exports,
            operation_bindings: manifest.operation_bindings,
            system_libraries: receipt.system_libraries,
        });
    }
    artifacts.sort_by(|left, right| left.operator.cmp(&right.operator));
    let host_abi = artifacts[0].host_abi.clone();
    if artifacts
        .iter()
        .any(|artifact| artifact.host_abi != host_abi)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "artifact set cannot mix native host ABI/CRT contracts".into(),
        ));
    }
    if artifacts
        .windows(2)
        .any(|pair| pair[0].operator == pair[1].operator)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "artifact set contains duplicate operators".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    let lock = NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock {
        schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_ARTIFACT_SET_SCHEMA_VERSION,
        g03_catalog_sha256: request.expected_g03_catalog_sha256.clone(),
        artifacts,
    };

    let mut temporary =
        NamedTempFile::new_in(root).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: root.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    serde_json::to_writer_pretty(&mut temporary, &lock).map_err(|source| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Json {
            path: temporary.path().to_path_buf(),
            source,
        }
    })?;
    temporary
        .write_all(b"\n")
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: temporary.path().to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    temporary
        .flush()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: temporary.path().to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    if let Some(host) = host_abi {
        NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock::load_and_resolve_for_target(
            temporary.path(),
            Some(&request.compute_capability),
            &host.target,
        )?;
    } else {
        NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock::load_and_resolve(
            temporary.path(),
            Some(&request.compute_capability),
        )?;
    }
    temporary
        .persist(&request.output_lock_path)
        .map_err(|error| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: request.output_lock_path.clone(),
            source: error.error,
        })?;
    Ok(lock)
}

fn validate_package_definition(definition: &NativeOperatorPackageDefinition) -> Result<()> {
    if definition.schema_version != NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package definition schema_version must be {NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION}"
        )));
    }
    let common = NativeOperatorPackageSpec {
        schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_SPEC_SCHEMA_VERSION,
        operator: definition.operator.clone(),
        operator_abi_version: definition.operator_abi_version.clone(),
        backend: definition.backend,
        compute_capabilities: definition.compute_capabilities.clone(),
        operation_bindings: Vec::new(),
        required_exports: definition.required_exports.clone(),
        license_files: definition.license_files.clone(),
        cuda_toolkit: definition.cuda_toolkit.clone(),
        cuda_runtime_min: definition.cuda_runtime_min.clone(),
        system_libraries: definition.system_libraries.clone(),
    };
    validate_package_spec(&common)?;
    let mut previous: Option<(&str, &str)> = None;
    for binding in &definition.provider_bindings {
        if !valid_contract_identifier(&binding.operation_id, "operation.")
            || !valid_contract_identifier(&binding.provider_id, "provider.")
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "package definition operation/provider identities are invalid".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let key = (binding.operation_id.as_str(), binding.provider_id.as_str());
        if previous.is_some_and(|prior| prior >= key) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "package definition provider_bindings must be sorted and unique".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        previous = Some(key);
        require_sorted_unique_non_empty("provider binding entrypoints", &binding.entrypoints)?;
        if binding
            .entrypoints
            .iter()
            .any(|entrypoint| !definition.required_exports.contains(entrypoint))
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "package definition provider entrypoint is absent from required_exports"
                    .to_string(),
            ));
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_spec_against_catalog(
    spec: &NativeOperatorPackageSpec,
    catalog: &NativeOperatorProviderCatalog,
) -> Result<()> {
    if spec.backend != catalog.backend {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package spec backend {:?} differs from live G03 catalog backend {:?}",
            spec.backend, catalog.backend
        )));
    }
    for binding in &spec.operation_bindings {
        let Some(provider) = catalog.providers.iter().find(|provider| {
            provider.operation_id == binding.operation_id
                && provider.provider_id == binding.provider_id
        }) else {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "package spec binding {}/{} is absent from the live G03 catalog",
                binding.operation_id, binding.provider_id
            )));
        };
        if provider.operation_contract_version != binding.operation_contract_version
            || provider.provider_version != binding.provider_version
            || provider.provider_implementation_fingerprint
                != binding.provider_implementation_fingerprint
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "package spec binding {}/{} differs from the live G03 catalog identity",
                binding.operation_id, binding.provider_id
            )));
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_package_spec(spec: &NativeOperatorPackageSpec) -> Result<()> {
    if spec.schema_version != NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_SPEC_SCHEMA_VERSION {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package spec schema_version must be {NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_SPEC_SCHEMA_VERSION}"
        )));
    }
    if spec.backend != NativeOperatorBackend::Cuda {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "source-build packager currently accepts CUDA artifacts only".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    if spec
        .cuda_toolkit
        .as_deref()
        .is_none_or(|version| parse_cuda_version(version).is_none())
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "CUDA package spec must declare a numeric major.minor[.patch] cuda_toolkit".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    symbol_slug(&spec.operator)?;
    if spec.operator_abi_version.trim().is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "operator_abi_version must be non-empty".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    require_sorted_unique_non_empty("compute_capabilities", &spec.compute_capabilities)?;
    if spec
        .compute_capabilities
        .iter()
        .any(|capability| !capability.starts_with("sm_"))
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "compute_capabilities must use sm_xx form".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    require_sorted_unique_non_empty("required_exports", &spec.required_exports)?;
    let mut previous_binding: Option<(&str, &str)> = None;
    for binding in &spec.operation_bindings {
        if !valid_contract_identifier(&binding.operation_id, "operation.")
            || !valid_contract_identifier(&binding.provider_id, "provider.")
            || binding.operation_contract_version.major == 0
            || binding.provider_version.major == 0
            || !is_sha256_digest(&binding.provider_implementation_fingerprint)
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "package spec operation binding identity or version is invalid".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let key = (binding.operation_id.as_str(), binding.provider_id.as_str());
        if previous_binding.is_some_and(|previous| previous >= key) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "package spec operation_bindings must be sorted and unique".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        previous_binding = Some(key);
        require_sorted_unique_non_empty("operation binding entrypoints", &binding.entrypoints)?;
        if binding
            .entrypoints
            .iter()
            .any(|entrypoint| !spec.required_exports.contains(entrypoint))
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "package spec operation binding entrypoint is absent from required_exports"
                    .to_string(),
            ));
        }
    }
    if let Some(unit) = CudaNativeBuildUnit::from_artifact_operator(&spec.operator) {
        for required in unit.required_exports() {
            if !spec
                .required_exports
                .iter()
                .any(|export| export == required)
            {
                return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                    "{} package spec is missing build-unit export {required}",
                    unit.as_str()
                )));
            }
        }
    }
    if spec.license_files.is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "license_files must be non-empty".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    let mut previous_license: Option<&str> = None;
    for license in &spec.license_files {
        validate_relative_path(&license.source_path)?;
        validate_relative_path(&license.output_path)?;
        if previous_license.is_some_and(|previous| previous >= license.output_path.as_str()) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
                "license_files must be sorted and unique by output_path".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        previous_license = Some(&license.output_path);
    }
    if spec
        .system_libraries
        .windows(2)
        .any(|pair| pair[0] >= pair[1])
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "system_libraries must be sorted and unique".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn valid_contract_identifier(value: &str, prefix: &str) -> bool {
    value.starts_with(prefix)
        && value.len() > prefix.len()
        && value.len() <= 160
        && value.bytes().all(|byte| {
            byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'.' | b'_' | b'-' | b':' | b'/')
        })
}

fn cuda_toolkit_version_matches(declared: &str, actual: &str) -> bool {
    let Some(declared) = parse_cuda_version(declared) else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(actual) = parse_cuda_version(actual) else {
        return false;
    };
    declared.len() <= actual.len() && declared.iter().zip(actual.iter()).all(|(a, b)| a == b)
}

fn parse_cuda_version(value: &str) -> Option<Vec<u32>> {
    let parts = value
        .split('.')
        .map(str::parse::<u32>)
        .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
        .ok()?;
    matches!(parts.len(), 2 | 3)
        .then_some(parts)
        .filter(|parts| parts.iter().all(|part| *part <= 999))
}

fn validate_package_receipt(receipt: &NativeOperatorPackageReceipt) -> Result<()> {
    let msvc = source_build::platform::is_msvc(receipt.host_abi.as_ref());
    if receipt.host_abi != receipt.package_toolchain.host_abi {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "package receipt and compiler host ABI differ".into(),
        ));
    }
    if let Some(abi) = &receipt.host_abi {
        abi.validate()
            .map_err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid)?;
    }
    if receipt.schema_version != NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_RECEIPT_SCHEMA_VERSION {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt schema_version must be {}",
            receipt.operator, NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_RECEIPT_SCHEMA_VERSION
        )));
    }
    if receipt.operator.trim().is_empty() || receipt.descriptor_export.trim().is_empty() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "package receipt operator and descriptor_export must be non-empty".to_string(),
        ));
    }
    validate_relative_path(&receipt.manifest_file)?;
    validate_relative_path(&receipt.artifact_file)?;
    validate_evidence_record("package_spec", &receipt.package_spec)?;
    validate_evidence_record("g03_catalog", &receipt.g03_catalog)?;
    validate_evidence_record("abi_contract", &receipt.abi_contract)?;
    validate_evidence_record("source_build_receipt", &receipt.source_build_receipt)?;
    validate_evidence_record("source_build_plan", &receipt.source_build_plan)?;
    if receipt.source_build_inputs.is_empty()
        || receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .windows(2)
            .any(|pair| pair[0].path >= pair[1].path)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt source_build_inputs must be sorted, unique, and non-empty",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    for evidence in &receipt.source_build_inputs {
        validate_evidence_record("source_build_input", evidence)?;
    }
    if receipt.source_build_logs.is_empty()
        || receipt
            .source_build_logs
            .windows(2)
            .any(|pair| pair[0].path >= pair[1].path)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt source_build_logs must be sorted, unique, and non-empty",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    for evidence in &receipt.source_build_logs {
        validate_evidence_record("source_build_log", evidence)?;
    }
    validate_evidence_record(
        "source_archive_verification",
        &receipt.source_archive_verification,
    )?;
    validate_archive_member_evidence(&receipt.operator, &receipt.source_archive_members)?;
    validate_archive_member_evidence(
        &receipt.operator,
        std::slice::from_ref(&receipt.descriptor_object),
    )?;
    if receipt.descriptor_object.member != descriptor_object_file(msvc) {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package descriptor object does not match its host ABI",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    let mut expected_final_members = receipt.source_archive_members.clone();
    expected_final_members.push(receipt.descriptor_object.clone());
    expected_final_members.sort_by(|left, right| left.member.cmp(&right.member));
    if receipt.final_archive_members != expected_final_members {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} final archive members must exactly equal source members plus the descriptor object",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    validate_archive_member_evidence(&receipt.operator, &receipt.final_archive_members)?;
    validate_package_member_host(&receipt.final_archive_members, receipt.host_abi.as_ref())?;
    validate_evidence_record(
        "final_archive_verification",
        &receipt.final_archive_verification,
    )?;
    if receipt.license_files.is_empty()
        || receipt
            .license_files
            .windows(2)
            .any(|pair| pair[0].path >= pair[1].path)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt license_files must be sorted, unique, and non-empty",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    for evidence in &receipt.license_files {
        validate_evidence_record("license_file", evidence)?;
    }
    for (field, digest) in [
        ("source_archive_sha256", &receipt.source_archive_sha256),
        ("manifest_sha256", &receipt.manifest_sha256),
        ("binary_sha256", &receipt.binary_sha256),
        ("g03_catalog_sha256", &receipt.g03_catalog_sha256),
        ("abi_contract_sha256", &receipt.abi_contract_sha256),
    ] {
        if !is_sha256_digest(digest) {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} package receipt {field} is not a sha256 digest",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
    }
    if receipt.g03_catalog.sha256 != receipt.g03_catalog_sha256
        || receipt.abi_contract.sha256 != receipt.abi_contract_sha256
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt catalog/ABI evidence differs from its semantic hash pins",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if receipt
        .system_libraries
        .windows(2)
        .any(|pair| pair[0] >= pair[1])
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt system_libraries must be sorted and unique",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    for (name, tool) in [
        (
            "descriptor_compiler",
            &receipt.package_toolchain.descriptor_compiler,
        ),
        ("archiver", &receipt.package_toolchain.archiver),
    ] {
        if !recorded_absolute_path(&tool.path)
            || tool.version.trim().is_empty()
            || !is_sha256_digest(&tool.sha256)
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} package receipt {name} identity is incomplete",
                receipt.operator
            )));
        }
    }
    if receipt
        .package_toolchain
        .descriptor_target
        .trim()
        .is_empty()
        || receipt.package_toolchain.descriptor_target.len() > 256
        || receipt
            .package_toolchain
            .descriptor_target
            .chars()
            .any(char::is_whitespace)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package descriptor target identity is invalid",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    let expected_environment = package_build_environment(&receipt.package_toolchain)?;
    if package_system_libraries(&receipt.system_libraries, receipt.host_abi.as_ref())?
        != receipt.system_libraries
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "package system libraries differ from the host ABI/CRT contract".into(),
        ));
    }
    if receipt.package_environment != expected_environment {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package environment differs from deterministic policy",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    let expected_commands = [
        (
            std::iter::once(receipt.package_toolchain.descriptor_compiler.path.clone())
                .chain(descriptor_compile_args(msvc))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "build-logs/descriptor-compile.stdout.log",
            "build-logs/descriptor-compile.stderr.log",
        ),
        (
            std::iter::once(receipt.package_toolchain.archiver.path.clone())
                .chain(descriptor_archive_args(
                    &receipt.artifact_file,
                    &receipt.source_archive_members,
                    msvc,
                ))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "build-logs/descriptor-archive.stdout.log",
            "build-logs/descriptor-archive.stderr.log",
        ),
    ];
    if receipt.package_commands.len() != expected_commands.len() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt must contain exactly {} package commands",
            receipt.operator,
            expected_commands.len()
        )));
    }
    for (command, (expected_argv, expected_stdout, expected_stderr)) in
        receipt.package_commands.iter().zip(expected_commands)
    {
        validate_relative_path(&command.stdout_log)?;
        validate_relative_path(&command.stderr_log)?;
        if command.argv != expected_argv
            || command.working_directory != "."
            || command.stdout_log != expected_stdout
            || command.stderr_log != expected_stderr
            || command.return_code != 0
        {
            return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
                "{} package command differs from deterministic policy: {:?}",
                receipt.operator, command.argv
            )));
        }
    }
    if receipt.package_build_logs.is_empty()
        || receipt
            .package_build_logs
            .windows(2)
            .any(|pair| pair[0].path >= pair[1].path)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package_build_logs must be sorted, unique, and non-empty",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    for evidence in &receipt.package_build_logs {
        validate_evidence_record("package_build_log", evidence)?;
    }
    let mut expected_log_paths = vec![
        receipt.source_archive_verification.path.clone(),
        receipt.final_archive_verification.path.clone(),
    ];
    expected_log_paths.extend(
        receipt
            .package_commands
            .iter()
            .flat_map(|command| [command.stdout_log.clone(), command.stderr_log.clone()]),
    );
    expected_log_paths.sort();
    let actual_log_paths = receipt
        .package_build_logs
        .iter()
        .map(|evidence| evidence.path.clone())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    if actual_log_paths != expected_log_paths
        || !receipt
            .package_build_logs
            .contains(&receipt.source_archive_verification)
        || !receipt
            .package_build_logs
            .contains(&receipt.final_archive_verification)
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package build-log evidence does not match recorded commands",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_package_semantic_links(
    receipt: &NativeOperatorPackageReceipt,
    spec: &NativeOperatorPackageSpec,
    source_build: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    source_plan: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildPlan,
    manifest: &NativeOperatorManifest,
) -> Result<()> {
    validate_package_spec(spec)?;
    validate_source_build_for_package(source_build, spec)?;
    let source_host = source_host_toolchain(source_build)?;
    if receipt.host_abi != source_host.host_abi || manifest.host_abi != receipt.host_abi {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "source receipt, package and manifest host ABI differ".into(),
        ));
    }
    validate_package_host_link(&receipt.package_toolchain, source_build)?;
    let msvc = source_build::platform::is_msvc(receipt.host_abi.as_ref());

    if receipt.operator != spec.operator
        || source_plan.operator != spec.operator
        || source_plan.source_package != source_build.source_package
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package spec, source receipt, and source plan identities differ",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    if receipt.package_spec.path != "provenance/package.spec.json"
        || receipt.g03_catalog.path != "provenance/g03-provider-catalog.json"
        || receipt.abi_contract.path != "provenance/native-abi-contract.json"
        || receipt.source_build_receipt.path != "provenance/source-build.receipt.json"
        || receipt.source_build_plan.path != "provenance/source-build.plan.json"
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package provenance paths differ from the deterministic layout",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }

    let expected_source_log_paths = source_build
        .commands
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|command| [&command.stdout_log, &command.stderr_log])
        .map(|relative| format!("provenance/{relative}"))
        .collect::<std::collections::BTreeSet<_>>()
        .into_iter()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let actual_source_log_paths = receipt
        .source_build_logs
        .iter()
        .map(|evidence| evidence.path.clone())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    if actual_source_log_paths != expected_source_log_paths {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} packaged source-build logs do not exactly match its command graph",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    validate_source_build_input_paths(source_build, &receipt.source_build_inputs)?;

    if receipt.source_archive_sha256 != source_build.archive_sha256.as_deref().unwrap_or_default() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package source archive pin differs from the source-build receipt",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    let expected_source_members = source_archive_member_expectations(source_build)?;
    if receipt.source_archive_members != expected_source_members {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package source archive members differ from source-build object evidence",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }

    let identity_suffix = &sha256_bytes(spec.operator.as_bytes())[..12];
    let symbol_slug = symbol_slug(&spec.operator)?;
    let expected_descriptor =
        format!("ferrum_native_{symbol_slug}_{identity_suffix}_descriptor_v2");
    let expected_artifact = package_artifact_file(&symbol_slug, identity_suffix, msvc);
    let mut expected_exports = spec.required_exports.clone();
    expected_exports.push(expected_descriptor.clone());
    expected_exports.sort();
    let expected_license_paths = spec
        .license_files
        .iter()
        .map(|license| license.output_path.clone())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let actual_license_paths = receipt
        .license_files
        .iter()
        .map(|evidence| evidence.path.clone())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

    if receipt.descriptor_export != expected_descriptor
        || receipt.manifest_file != "native_operator_manifest.json"
        || receipt.artifact_file != expected_artifact
        || receipt.system_libraries
            != package_system_libraries(&spec.system_libraries, receipt.host_abi.as_ref())?
        || actual_license_paths != expected_license_paths
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} package receipt differs from its deterministic spec projection",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }

    let expected_build_summary = source_build_summary(source_build)?;
    if manifest.operator != spec.operator
        || manifest.operator_abi_version != spec.operator_abi_version
        || manifest.ferrum_native_abi_version != FERRUM_NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_VERSION
        || manifest.backend != spec.backend
        || manifest.cuda_toolkit != spec.cuda_toolkit
        || manifest.cuda_runtime_min != spec.cuda_runtime_min
        || manifest.compute_capabilities != spec.compute_capabilities
        || manifest.source_package != source_build.source_package
        || manifest.inputs_sha256 != source_build.inputs_sha256
        || manifest.binary_sha256 != receipt.binary_sha256
        || manifest.linkage != NativeOperatorLinkage::Static
        || manifest.g03_catalog_sha256.as_deref() != Some(&receipt.g03_catalog_sha256)
        || manifest.abi_contract_sha256.as_deref() != Some(&receipt.abi_contract_sha256)
        || manifest.descriptor_export.as_deref() != Some(expected_descriptor.as_str())
        || manifest.operation_bindings != spec.operation_bindings
        || manifest.exports != expected_exports
        || manifest.license_files != expected_license_paths
        || manifest.build_summary != expected_build_summary
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} manifest is not the exact semantic projection of its package and source evidence",
            receipt.operator
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_source_build_input_paths(
    source_build: &NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt,
    inputs: &[NativeOperatorEvidenceFile],
) -> Result<()> {
    let toolchain = source_build.toolchain.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} source-build receipt is missing toolchain provenance",
            source_build.operator
        ))
    })?;
    let mut expected = vec![
        format!(
            "provenance/{}",
            toolchain.static_identity.cuda_toolkit.manifest.path
        ),
        format!(
            "provenance/{}",
            toolchain.static_identity.host_toolchain.manifest.path
        ),
    ];
    if source_build::platform::is_msvc(toolchain.static_identity.host_toolchain.host_abi.as_ref()) {
        let archive = source_build.archive_file.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid("MSVC receipt has no source archive".into())
        })?;
        expected.push(format!("provenance/{archive}"));
    }
    expected.extend(
        source_build
            .commands
            .iter()
            .filter(|command| {
                matches!(
                    command.dependency_validation,
                    Some(
                        NativeOperatorDependencyValidation::Depfile
                            | NativeOperatorDependencyValidation::CacheProof
                    )
                )
            })
            .flat_map(|command| {
                [command.compiler_depfile.as_ref(), command.depfile.as_ref()]
                    .into_iter()
                    .flatten()
            })
            .map(|relative| format!("provenance/{relative}")),
    );
    expected.sort();
    expected.dedup();
    let actual = inputs
        .iter()
        .map(|evidence| &evidence.path)
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    if actual != expected.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{} packaged source-build inputs do not exactly match toolkit/depfile/archive evidence",
            source_build.operator
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_evidence_record(field: &str, evidence: &NativeOperatorEvidenceFile) -> Result<()> {
    validate_relative_path(&evidence.path)?;
    if !is_sha256_digest(&evidence.sha256) || evidence.size_bytes == 0 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{field} must record a non-empty file and lowercase sha256"
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn resolve_package_evidence(
    package_root: &Path,
    artifact_set_root: &Path,
    evidence: &NativeOperatorEvidenceFile,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile> {
    validate_evidence_record("package evidence", evidence)?;
    let path = resolve_relative_file(package_root, &evidence.path)?;
    let actual_size = fs::metadata(&path)
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.clone(),
            source,
        })?
        .len();
    let actual_sha256 = sha256_file(&path)?;
    if actual_sha256 != evidence.sha256 || actual_size != evidence.size_bytes {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "package evidence differs from its receipt: {}",
            evidence.path
        )));
    }
    Ok(NativeOperatorEvidenceFile {
        path: relative_path(artifact_set_root, &path)?,
        sha256: actual_sha256,
        size_bytes: actual_size,
    })
}

fn resolve_file_evidence(
    path: &Path,
    artifact_set_root: &Path,
) -> Result<NativeOperatorEvidenceFile> {
    require_file(path)?;
    let canonical = path
        .canonicalize()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    let size_bytes = fs::metadata(&canonical)
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: canonical.clone(),
            source,
        })?
        .len();
    if size_bytes == 0 {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "native operator evidence file is empty: {}",
            canonical.display()
        )));
    }
    Ok(NativeOperatorEvidenceFile {
        path: relative_path(artifact_set_root, &canonical)?,
        sha256: sha256_file(&canonical)?,
        size_bytes,
    })
}

fn render_descriptor_source(
    descriptor_export: &str,
    operator: &str,
    operator_abi_version: &str,
    g03_catalog_sha256: &str,
    abi_contract_sha256: &str,
) -> String {
    format!(
        "#include <stdint.h>\n\
         typedef struct {{\n\
           uint32_t struct_size;\n\
           uint32_t ferrum_native_abi_version;\n\
           const char *operator_name;\n\
           const char *operator_abi_version;\n\
           const char *g03_catalog_sha256;\n\
           const char *abi_contract_sha256;\n\
         }} FerrumNativeOperatorDescriptorV2;\n\
         static const FerrumNativeOperatorDescriptorV2 descriptor = {{\n\
           sizeof(FerrumNativeOperatorDescriptorV2),\n\
           {FERRUM_NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_VERSION},\n\
           \"{}\",\n\
           \"{}\",\n\
           \"{g03_catalog_sha256}\",\n\
           \"{abi_contract_sha256}\"\n\
         }};\n\
         __attribute__((visibility(\"default\")))\n\
         const FerrumNativeOperatorDescriptorV2 *{descriptor_export}(void) {{\n\
           return &descriptor;\n\
         }}\n",
        c_string(operator),
        c_string(operator_abi_version),
    )
}

fn c_string(value: &str) -> String {
    value
        .replace('\\', "\\\\")
        .replace('"', "\\\"")
        .replace('\n', "\\n")
        .replace('\r', "\\r")
}

fn symbol_slug(operator: &str) -> Result<String> {
    if operator.is_empty()
        || !operator
            .bytes()
            .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'.' | b'_' | b'-'))
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(
            "operator must use ASCII alphanumeric, dot, underscore, or hyphen characters"
                .to_string(),
        ));
    }
    Ok(operator
        .chars()
        .map(|character| {
            if character.is_ascii_alphanumeric() {
                character
            } else {
                '_'
            }
        })
        .collect())
}

fn require_sorted_unique_non_empty(field: &str, values: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
    if values.is_empty()
        || values.iter().any(|value| value.trim().is_empty())
        || values.windows(2).any(|pair| pair[0] >= pair[1])
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "{field} must be sorted, unique, and non-empty"
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn validate_relative_path(path: &str) -> Result<()> {
    let path = Path::new(path);
    if path.as_os_str().is_empty()
        || path.is_absolute()
        || path
            .components()
            .any(|component| !matches!(component, Component::Normal(_)))
    {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "path must be a non-empty normalized relative path: {}",
            path.display()
        )));
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn resolve_relative_file(root: &Path, relative: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
    validate_relative_path(relative)?;
    let path = root.join(relative);
    let canonical = path
        .canonicalize()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.clone(),
            source,
        })?;
    let canonical_root = root
        .canonicalize()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: root.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    if !canonical.starts_with(&canonical_root) || !canonical.is_file() {
        return Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "relative file escapes its root or is not a file: {relative}"
        )));
    }
    Ok(canonical)
}

fn relative_path(root: &Path, path: &Path) -> Result<String> {
    let canonical = path
        .canonicalize()
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    let relative = canonical.strip_prefix(root).map_err(|_| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "artifact-set input {} is outside {}",
            canonical.display(),
            root.display()
        ))
    })?;
    let value = relative.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/");
    validate_relative_path(&value)?;
    Ok(value)
}

fn require_file(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    if path.is_file() {
        Ok(())
    } else {
        Err(NativeOperatorBuilderError::MissingFile(path.to_path_buf()))
    }
}

fn read_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(path: &Path) -> Result<T> {
    let bytes = fs::read(path).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: path.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Json {
        path: path.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })
}

fn read_json_with_sha256<T: DeserializeOwned>(path: &Path) -> Result<(T, String)> {
    let bytes = fs::read(path).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: path.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    let value =
        serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Json {
            path: path.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    Ok((value, sha256_bytes(&bytes)))
}

fn write_json(path: &Path, value: &impl Serialize) -> Result<()> {
    let mut bytes =
        serde_json::to_vec_pretty(value).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Json {
            path: path.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    bytes.push(b'\n');
    let parent = path.parent().ok_or_else(|| {
        NativeOperatorBuilderError::Invalid(format!(
            "JSON output has no parent directory: {}",
            path.display()
        ))
    })?;
    let mut temporary =
        NamedTempFile::new_in(parent).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: parent.to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    temporary
        .as_file_mut()
        .write_all(&bytes)
        .and_then(|()| temporary.as_file_mut().flush())
        .and_then(|()| temporary.as_file().sync_all())
        .map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: temporary.path().to_path_buf(),
            source,
        })?;
    temporary
        .persist(path)
        .map_err(|error| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
            path: path.to_path_buf(),
            source: error.error,
        })?;
    Ok(())
}

fn sha256_file(path: &Path) -> Result<String> {
    let bytes = fs::read(path).map_err(|source| NativeOperatorBuilderError::Io {
        path: path.to_path_buf(),
        source,
    })?;
    Ok(sha256_bytes(&bytes))
}

fn sha256_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    format!("{:x}", Sha256::digest(bytes))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod canonical_input_tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn checked_in_native_package_definitions_and_abi_are_canonical() {
        let repository_root = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("../..");
        let abi_path = repository_root.join("native-operators/abi/ferrum-native-abi-v2.json");
        let (abi, abi_sha256): (NativeOperatorAbiContract, String) =
            read_json_with_sha256(&abi_path).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            abi_sha256,
            abi.canonical_sha256().unwrap(),
            "checked-out ABI bytes must satisfy the package SHA256 contract"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            fs::read(&abi_path).unwrap(),
            abi.canonical_json_bytes().unwrap()
        );

        for name in [
            "marlin",
            "vllm-marlin",
            "vllm-moe-marlin",
            "vllm-paged-attention-v2",
        ] {
            let definition_path = repository_root.join(format!(
                "native-operators/cuda/package-definitions/{name}.json"
            ));
            let definition: NativeOperatorPackageDefinition = read_json(&definition_path).unwrap();
            validate_package_definition(&definition).unwrap();
            let mut canonical = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(&definition).unwrap();
            canonical.push(b'\n');
            assert_eq!(fs::read(&definition_path).unwrap(), canonical);

            let source_definition: NativeOperatorSourceDefinition =
                read_json(&repository_root.join(format!(
                    "native-operators/cuda/source-definitions/{name}.json"
                )))
                .unwrap();
            let source_plan: NativeOperatorSourceBuildPlan = read_json(&repository_root.join(
                format!("native-operators/cuda/source-locks/{name}.plan.json"),
            ))
            .unwrap();
            assert_eq!(definition.operator, source_definition.operator);
            assert_eq!(definition.operator, source_plan.operator);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(all(test, unix))]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use ferrum_native_ops::NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock;
    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;

    fn digest(character: char) -> String {
        std::iter::repeat(character).take(64).collect()
    }

    fn write_executable_script(path: &Path, contents: &str) {
        fs::write(path, contents).unwrap();
        let mut permissions = fs::metadata(path).unwrap().permissions();
        permissions.set_mode(0o755);
        fs::set_permissions(path, permissions).unwrap();
    }

    fn run_source_build_fixture(
        root: &Path,
        source_root: &Path,
        operator: &str,
        name: &str,
        exports: &[&str],
    ) -> (PathBuf, PathBuf, PathBuf) {
        let source = exports
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(index, export)| format!("int {export}(void) {{ return {index}; }}\n"))
            .collect::<String>();
        fs::write(source_root.join("fixture.cu"), source).unwrap();
        let definition = NativeOperatorSourceDefinition {
            schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_SOURCE_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION,
            operator: operator.to_string(),
            source_package_kind: "fixture-source".to_string(),
            source_package_revision: "fixture".to_string(),
            upstream_sources: vec![NativeOperatorUpstreamSource {
                repository: "https://example.invalid/native-op.git".to_string(),
                revision: "fixture".to_string(),
                license: "Apache-2.0".to_string(),
            }],
            translation_units: vec!["fixture.cu".to_string()],
            headers: Vec::new(),
            dependency_closures: vec![NativeOperatorTranslationUnitDependencies {
                translation_unit: "fixture.cu".to_string(),
                headers: Vec::new(),
            }],
            include_dirs: Vec::new(),
            defines: Vec::new(),
            nvcc_policy: NativeOperatorNvccPolicy {
                cpp_standard: NativeOperatorCppStandard::Cpp17,
                optimization: NativeOperatorOptimization::O3,
                use_fast_math: false,
                relaxed_constexpr: false,
                extended_lambda: false,
                host_position_independent_code: true,
                host_default_visibility: false,
            },
            architecture: NativeOperatorCudaArchitecture::DeviceComputeCapability,
            archive_file: format!("lib{name}.a"),
        };
        let definition_path = root.join(format!("{name}.source-definition.json"));
        let plan_path = root.join(format!("{name}.source-build.plan.json"));
        write_json(&definition_path, &definition).unwrap();
        lock_native_operator_source_definition(&definition_path, source_root, &plan_path).unwrap();

        let fake_cuda_root = root.join(format!("fake-cuda-{name}"));
        for directory in ["bin/crt", "include", "nvvm/bin", "nvvm/libdevice"] {
            fs::create_dir_all(fake_cuda_root.join(directory)).unwrap();
        }
        for (relative, contents) in [
            ("bin/bin2c", "fake bin2c\n"),
            ("bin/crt/link.stub", "fake link stub\n"),
            ("bin/cudafe++", "fake cudafe\n"),
            ("bin/ptxas", "fake ptxas\n"),
            ("bin/fatbinary", "fake fatbinary\n"),
            ("bin/nvlink", "fake nvlink\n"),
            ("include/cuda.h", "#define CUDA_VERSION 12040\n"),
            ("nvvm/bin/cicc", "fake cicc\n"),
            ("nvvm/libdevice/libdevice.10.bc", "fake libdevice\n"),
        ] {
            fs::write(fake_cuda_root.join(relative), contents).unwrap();
        }
        let fake_nvcc = fake_cuda_root.join("bin/nvcc");
        fs::write(
            &fake_nvcc,
            "#!/bin/sh\n\
             if [ \"$1\" = \"--version\" ]; then echo 'fake nvcc 12.4'; exit 0; fi\n\
             src=''\n\
             out=''\n\
             depfile=''\n\
             dep_target=''\n\
             while [ \"$#\" -gt 0 ]; do\n\
               case \"$1\" in\n\
                 -c) src=\"$2\"; shift 2 ;;\n\
                 -o) out=\"$2\"; shift 2 ;;\n\
                 -MF) depfile=\"$2\"; shift 2 ;;\n\
                 -MT) dep_target=\"$2\"; shift 2 ;;\n\
                 *) shift ;;\n\
               esac\n\
             done\n\
             exec /usr/bin/cc -x c -MMD -MF \"$depfile\" -MT \"$dep_target\" -c \"$src\" -o \"$out\"\n",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let mut permissions = fs::metadata(&fake_nvcc).unwrap().permissions();
        permissions.set_mode(0o755);
        fs::set_permissions(&fake_nvcc, permissions).unwrap();

        let fake_host_root = root.join(format!("fake-host-{name}"));
        fs::create_dir_all(fake_host_root.join("bin")).unwrap();
        fs::create_dir_all(fake_host_root.join("include")).unwrap();
        fs::write(
            fake_host_root.join("include/stddef.h"),
            "#define FAKE_HOST 1\n",
        )
        .unwrap();
        for program in ["as", "cc1", "cc1plus", "collect2", "ld"] {
            fs::write(
                fake_host_root.join("bin").join(program),
                format!("fake host tool {program}\n"),
            )
            .unwrap();
        }
        let fake_ccbin = fake_host_root.join("bin/c++");
        write_executable_script(
            &fake_ccbin,
            &format!(
                "#!/bin/sh\n\
                 case \"$1\" in\n\
                   --version) echo 'fake host compiler 1.0'; exit 0 ;;\n\
                   -dumpmachine) echo 'x86_64-ferrum-linux-gnu'; exit 0 ;;\n\
                   -E) echo '#include <...> search starts here:' >&2; echo ' {}' >&2; echo 'End of search list.' >&2; exit 0 ;;\n\
                   -###) echo 'fake cc1plus -O2 -x c++' >&2; exit 0 ;;\n\
                   -print-prog-name=*) name=${{1#*=}}; echo '{}/bin/'\"$name\"; exit 0 ;;\n\
                 esac\n\
                 exit 2\n",
                fake_host_root.join("include").display(),
                fake_host_root.display(),
            ),
        );

        let output_dir = root.join("source-builds").join(name);
        run_native_operator_source_build(&NativeOperatorSourceBuildRequest {
            plan_path: plan_path.clone(),
            source_root: source_root.to_path_buf(),
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
            builder_sha: "7".repeat(40),
            nvcc_path: fake_nvcc,
            cuda_toolkit_root: fake_cuda_root,
            ccbin_path: fake_ccbin,
            ar_path: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
            nvcc_threads: 2,
            object_cache_dir: root.join("object-cache"),
            plan_only: false,
        })
        .unwrap();
        (
            output_dir.join("source-build.receipt.json"),
            plan_path,
            output_dir.join(format!("lib{name}.a")),
        )
    }

    fn package_spec(
        operator: &str,
        operation_id: &str,
        provider_id: &str,
        exports: &[&str],
    ) -> NativeOperatorPackageSpec {
        NativeOperatorPackageSpec {
            schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_SPEC_SCHEMA_VERSION,
            operator: operator.to_string(),
            operator_abi_version: "1".to_string(),
            backend: NativeOperatorBackend::Cuda,
            compute_capabilities: vec!["sm_89".to_string()],
            operation_bindings: vec![NativeOperatorBinding {
                operation_id: operation_id.to_string(),
                operation_contract_version: ferrum_types::NativeOperatorContractVersion::new(1, 0),
                provider_id: provider_id.to_string(),
                provider_version: ferrum_types::NativeOperatorContractVersion::new(1, 0),
                provider_implementation_fingerprint: digest('c'),
                entrypoints: exports.iter().map(|value| (*value).to_string()).collect(),
            }],
            required_exports: exports.iter().map(|value| (*value).to_string()).collect(),
            license_files: vec![NativeOperatorLicenseInput {
                source_path: "LICENSE".to_string(),
                output_path: "licenses/LICENSE".to_string(),
            }],
            cuda_toolkit: Some("12.4".to_string()),
            cuda_runtime_min: Some("12.4".to_string()),
            system_libraries: vec![
                NativeOperatorSystemLibrary::CudaRuntime,
                NativeOperatorSystemLibrary::StdCxx,
            ],
        }
    }

    fn fixture_files(root: &Path) -> (PathBuf, PathBuf, PathBuf) {
        let source_root = root.join("source");
        fs::create_dir_all(&source_root).unwrap();
        fs::write(source_root.join("LICENSE"), "fixture license\n").unwrap();
        let catalog_path = root.join("operation-catalog.json");
        let abi_path = root.join("native-abi.json");
        let version = ferrum_types::NativeOperatorContractVersion::new(1, 0);
        write_json(
            &catalog_path,
            &NativeOperatorProviderCatalog {
                schema_version: ferrum_types::NATIVE_OPERATOR_PROVIDER_CATALOG_SCHEMA_VERSION,
                backend: NativeOperatorBackend::Cuda,
                providers: vec![
                    ferrum_types::NativeOperatorProviderCatalogRow {
                        operation_id: "operation.dense_linear".to_string(),
                        operation_contract_version: version,
                        operation_fingerprint: digest('d'),
                        provider_id: "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin".to_string(),
                        provider_version: version,
                        provider_implementation_fingerprint: digest('c'),
                    },
                    ferrum_types::NativeOperatorProviderCatalogRow {
                        operation_id: "operation.quantized_linear".to_string(),
                        operation_contract_version: version,
                        operation_fingerprint: digest('e'),
                        provider_id: "provider.cuda.quantized_linear.gptq_marlin".to_string(),
                        provider_version: version,
                        provider_implementation_fingerprint: digest('c'),
                    },
                ],
            },
        )
        .unwrap();
        write_json(
            &abi_path,
            &NativeOperatorAbiContract {
                schema_version: ferrum_types::NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_CONTRACT_SCHEMA_VERSION,
                ferrum_native_abi_version: FERRUM_NATIVE_OPERATOR_ABI_VERSION.to_string(),
                descriptor_struct: "FerrumNativeOperatorDescriptorV2".to_string(),
                descriptor_symbol_policy: "operator_namespaced".to_string(),
                descriptor_fields: vec![
                    abi_field("struct_size", "uint32_t"),
                    abi_field("ferrum_native_abi_version", "uint32_t"),
                    abi_field("operator_name", "const char *"),
                    abi_field("operator_abi_version", "const char *"),
                    abi_field("g03_catalog_sha256", "const char *"),
                    abi_field("abi_contract_sha256", "const char *"),
                ],
            },
        )
        .unwrap();
        (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path)
    }

    fn abi_field(name: &str, c_type: &str) -> ferrum_types::NativeOperatorAbiField {
        ferrum_types::NativeOperatorAbiField {
            name: name.to_string(),
            c_type: c_type.to_string(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn materializes_package_bindings_from_the_live_catalog_and_allows_unbound_leaves() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (_, catalog_path, _) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let definition_path = root.path().join("definition.json");
        let output_path = root.path().join("package-spec.json");
        let mut definition = NativeOperatorPackageDefinition {
            schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION,
            operator: CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator().to_string(),
            operator_abi_version: "1".to_string(),
            backend: NativeOperatorBackend::Cuda,
            compute_capabilities: vec!["sm_89".to_string()],
            provider_bindings: vec![NativeOperatorProviderBindingDefinition {
                operation_id: "operation.dense_linear".to_string(),
                provider_id: "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin".to_string(),
                entrypoints: vec!["marlin_cuda".to_string()],
            }],
            required_exports: CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin
                .required_exports()
                .iter()
                .map(|value| (*value).to_string())
                .collect(),
            license_files: vec![NativeOperatorLicenseInput {
                source_path: "LICENSE".to_string(),
                output_path: "licenses/LICENSE".to_string(),
            }],
            cuda_toolkit: Some("12.4".to_string()),
            cuda_runtime_min: Some("12.4".to_string()),
            system_libraries: vec![
                NativeOperatorSystemLibrary::CudaRuntime,
                NativeOperatorSystemLibrary::StdCxx,
            ],
        };
        write_json(&definition_path, &definition).unwrap();
        let spec = materialize_native_operator_package_spec(&NativeOperatorPackageSpecRequest {
            definition_path: definition_path.clone(),
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path.clone(),
            output_path: output_path.clone(),
        })
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(spec.operation_bindings.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(
            spec.operation_bindings[0].provider_implementation_fingerprint,
            digest('c')
        );
        assert!(output_path.is_file());

        definition.provider_bindings.clear();
        let unbound_definition = root.path().join("unbound-definition.json");
        let unbound_output = root.path().join("unbound-package-spec.json");
        write_json(&unbound_definition, &definition).unwrap();
        let unbound = materialize_native_operator_package_spec(&NativeOperatorPackageSpecRequest {
            definition_path: unbound_definition,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            output_path: unbound_output,
        })
        .unwrap();
        assert!(unbound.operation_bindings.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn package_spec_materialization_rejects_a_provider_absent_from_the_live_catalog() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (_, catalog_path, _) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let definition_path = root.path().join("definition.json");
        let output_path = root.path().join("package-spec.json");
        write_json(
            &definition_path,
            &NativeOperatorPackageDefinition {
                schema_version: NATIVE_OPERATOR_PACKAGE_DEFINITION_SCHEMA_VERSION,
                operator: CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator().to_string(),
                operator_abi_version: "1".to_string(),
                backend: NativeOperatorBackend::Cuda,
                compute_capabilities: vec!["sm_89".to_string()],
                provider_bindings: vec![NativeOperatorProviderBindingDefinition {
                    operation_id: "operation.dense_linear".to_string(),
                    provider_id: "provider.cuda.missing".to_string(),
                    entrypoints: vec!["marlin_cuda".to_string()],
                }],
                required_exports: CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin
                    .required_exports()
                    .iter()
                    .map(|value| (*value).to_string())
                    .collect(),
                license_files: vec![NativeOperatorLicenseInput {
                    source_path: "LICENSE".to_string(),
                    output_path: "licenses/LICENSE".to_string(),
                }],
                cuda_toolkit: Some("12.4".to_string()),
                cuda_runtime_min: Some("12.4".to_string()),
                system_libraries: vec![
                    NativeOperatorSystemLibrary::CudaRuntime,
                    NativeOperatorSystemLibrary::StdCxx,
                ],
            },
        )
        .unwrap();

        let error = materialize_native_operator_package_spec(&NativeOperatorPackageSpecRequest {
            definition_path,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            output_path: output_path.clone(),
        })
        .unwrap_err();
        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("live G03 catalog does not contain"));
        assert!(!output_path.exists());
    }

    fn package_fixture(
        root: &Path,
        operator: &str,
        operation_id: &str,
        provider_id: &str,
        exports: &[&str],
        output_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<(PathBuf, NativeOperatorPackageReceipt)> {
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root);
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) =
            run_source_build_fixture(root, &source_root, operator, output_name, exports);
        let spec = package_spec(operator, operation_id, provider_id, exports);
        let spec_path = root.join(format!("{output_name}.package.json"));
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec)?;
        let output_dir = root.join("packages").join(output_name);
        let receipt = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })?;
        Ok((output_dir, receipt))
    }

    #[test]
    fn packages_archive_with_namespaced_descriptor_and_verified_manifest() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let exports = ["marlin_cuda", "marlin_cuda_moe"];
        let (output_dir, receipt) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            &exports,
            "marlin",
        )
        .unwrap();

        assert!(output_dir.join("package.receipt.json").is_file());
        assert!(output_dir.join("licenses/LICENSE").is_file());
        assert!(!output_dir.join("descriptor.c").exists());
        assert!(!output_dir.join("descriptor.o").exists());
        let manifest: NativeOperatorManifest =
            read_json(&output_dir.join(&receipt.manifest_file)).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            manifest.descriptor_export.as_deref(),
            Some(receipt.descriptor_export.as_str())
        );
        assert!(manifest
            .exports
            .iter()
            .any(|export| export == &receipt.descriptor_export));
        assert!(manifest
            .exports
            .iter()
            .any(|export| export == "marlin_cuda"));
        assert_eq!(
            sha256_file(&output_dir.join(&receipt.artifact_file)).unwrap(),
            receipt.binary_sha256
        );
        assert!(is_sha256_digest(&manifest.source_package.sha256));
        assert!(is_sha256_digest(&manifest.inputs_sha256));
        assert_eq!(manifest.build_summary.builder_sha, "7".repeat(40));
        assert_eq!(
            manifest.build_summary.nvcc_version.as_deref(),
            Some("fake nvcc 12.4")
        );
        assert!(is_sha256_digest(&receipt.source_build_receipt.sha256));
        assert!(is_sha256_digest(&receipt.source_build_plan.sha256));
        assert_eq!(receipt.source_build_inputs.len(), 4);
        let source_build: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&output_dir.join(&receipt.source_build_receipt.path)).unwrap();
        let source_archive_path = format!(
            "provenance/{}",
            source_build.archive_file.as_deref().unwrap()
        );
        assert!(!receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter()
            .any(|evidence| evidence.path == source_archive_path));
        assert!(receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter()
            .any(|evidence| evidence.path.ends_with("cuda-static-manifest.json")));
        assert!(receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter()
            .any(|evidence| evidence.path.ends_with("host-static-manifest.json")));
        assert!(receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter()
            .any(|evidence| evidence.path.ends_with(".compiler.raw.d")));
        assert!(receipt.source_build_inputs.iter().any(|evidence| {
            evidence.path.ends_with(".d") && !evidence.path.ends_with(".compiler.raw.d")
        }));
        assert!(!receipt.source_build_logs.is_empty());
        assert!(is_sha256_digest(&receipt.source_archive_sha256));
        assert_eq!(receipt.source_archive_members.len(), 1);
        assert!(receipt
            .package_build_logs
            .contains(&receipt.source_archive_verification));
        assert_eq!(receipt.package_commands.len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_archive_members_with_mixed_object_abis() {
        let members = vec![
            NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence {
                member: "00000000_alpha.o".to_string(),
                sha256: digest('a'),
                size_bytes: 1,
                object_identity: NativeOperatorObjectIdentity {
                    format: NativeOperatorObjectFormat::Elf,
                    class_bits: 64,
                    endianness: NativeOperatorObjectEndianness::Little,
                    machine: 62,
                },
            },
            NativeOperatorArchiveMemberEvidence {
                member: "descriptor.o".to_string(),
                sha256: digest('b'),
                size_bytes: 1,
                object_identity: NativeOperatorObjectIdentity {
                    format: NativeOperatorObjectFormat::Elf,
                    class_bits: 64,
                    endianness: NativeOperatorObjectEndianness::Little,
                    machine: 183,
                },
            },
        ];

        let error = validate_archive_member_evidence("mixed-abi", &members).unwrap_err();

        assert!(error.to_string().contains("archive mixes object targets"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn package_spec_rejects_legacy_self_reported_build_provenance() {
        let mut value = serde_json::to_value(package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports(),
        ))
        .unwrap();
        value
            .as_object_mut()
            .unwrap()
            .insert("inputs_sha256".to_string(), serde_json::json!(digest('9')));

        assert!(serde_json::from_value::<NativeOperatorPackageSpec>(value).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn accepts_source_build_receipt_after_checkout_relocation() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "relocated",
            exports,
        );
        let original_source_build_root = source_build_receipt.parent().unwrap();
        let relocated_source_build_root = root.path().join("relocated-source-build-evidence");
        fs::rename(original_source_build_root, &relocated_source_build_root).unwrap();
        let source_build_receipt = relocated_source_build_root.join("source-build.receipt.json");
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/marlin");

        let receipt = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap();

        assert!(is_sha256_digest(&receipt.source_build_receipt.sha256));
        assert!(output_dir.join("package.receipt.json").is_file());
    }

    #[test]
    fn accepts_descriptor_target_alias_when_object_abi_matches() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "target-mismatch",
            exports,
        );
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("target-mismatch.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/target-mismatch");
        let mismatched_cc = root.path().join("mismatched-cc");
        write_executable_script(
            &mismatched_cc,
            "#!/bin/sh\n\
             if [ \"$1\" = \"-dumpmachine\" ]; then echo 'forged-unknown-target'; exit 0; fi\n\
             exec /usr/bin/cc \"$@\"\n",
        );

        let receipt = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: mismatched_cc,
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            receipt.package_toolchain.descriptor_target,
            "forged-unknown-target"
        );
        assert!(output_dir.exists());
        assert!(receipt
            .final_archive_members
            .iter()
            .all(|member| member.object_identity == receipt.descriptor_object.object_identity));
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_package_that_overclaims_source_build_compute_capabilities() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, _, _) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, _, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "overclaimed-sm",
            exports,
        );
        let source_build: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_build_receipt).unwrap();
        let mut spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        spec.compute_capabilities.push("sm_90".to_string());

        let error = validate_source_build_for_package(&source_build, &spec).unwrap_err();

        assert!(error.to_string().contains("must exactly equal"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_package_toolkit_version_that_differs_from_source_build() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, _, _) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, _, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "wrong-toolkit",
            exports,
        );
        let source_build: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_build_receipt).unwrap();
        let mut spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        spec.cuda_toolkit = Some("12.6".to_string());

        let error = validate_source_build_for_package(&source_build, &spec).unwrap_err();

        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("package cuda_toolkit does not match source-build toolkit release 12.4.0"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_non_pass_source_build_without_publishing_output() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "marlin-plan",
            exports,
        );
        let mut source_build: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_build_receipt).unwrap();
        source_build.status = NativeOperatorSourceBuildStatus::Plan;
        source_build.plan_only = true;
        write_json(&source_build_receipt, &source_build).unwrap();
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/marlin");

        let error = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error.to_string().contains("terminal PASS"));
        assert!(!output_dir.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_source_build_for_another_operator_without_publishing_output() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::VllmMarlin.artifact_operator(),
            "wrong-operator",
            exports,
        );
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/marlin");

        let error = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error.to_string().contains("operator differs"));
        assert!(!output_dir.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_archive_tampered_after_source_build_without_publishing_output() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, archive) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "tampered",
            exports,
        );
        fs::write(&archive, b"tampered after source build\n").unwrap();
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/marlin");

        let error = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error.to_string().contains("archive sha256 differs"));
        assert!(!output_dir.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_archiver_success_without_a_final_descriptor_member() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "false-archiver-success",
            exports,
        );
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("false-archiver-success.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/false-archiver-success");
        let false_success_ar = root.path().join("false-success-ar");
        write_executable_script(
            &false_success_ar,
            "#!/bin/sh\n\
             if [ \"$1\" = \"rcs\" ] && [ \"$3\" = \"descriptor.o\" ]; then exit 0; fi\n\
             exec /usr/bin/ar \"$@\"\n",
        );

        let error = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: false_success_ar,
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("native archive members differ from expected evidence"));
        assert!(!output_dir.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_source_archive_member_hash_mismatch_with_updated_archive_pin() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, archive) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "forged-member",
            exports,
        );
        let mut source_build: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_build_receipt).unwrap();
        let object_path = PathBuf::from(
            source_build.commands[0]
                .object_file
                .as_deref()
                .expect("fixture object path"),
        );
        let replacement_source = root.path().join("replacement.c");
        fs::write(
            &replacement_source,
            "int marlin_cuda(void) { return 91; }\nint marlin_cuda_moe(void) { return 92; }\n",
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(Command::new("/usr/bin/cc")
            .args(["-c"])
            .arg(&replacement_source)
            .arg("-o")
            .arg(&object_path)
            .status()
            .unwrap()
            .success());
        fs::remove_file(&archive).unwrap();
        assert!(Command::new("/usr/bin/ar")
            .arg("rcs")
            .arg(&archive)
            .arg(&object_path)
            .status()
            .unwrap()
            .success());
        source_build.archive_sha256 = Some(sha256_file(&archive).unwrap());
        write_json(&source_build_receipt, &source_build).unwrap();

        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/marlin");

        let error = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("native archive member evidence mismatch"));
        assert!(!output_dir.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn rejects_archive_missing_a_build_unit_export_without_publishing_output() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "marlin-incomplete",
            &["marlin_cuda"],
        );
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            &["marlin_cuda", "marlin_cuda_moe"],
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let output_dir = root.path().join("packages/marlin");

        let error = package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
            spec_path,
            source_root: source_root.clone(),
            license_root: source_root,
            source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt,
            source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan,
            g03_catalog_path: catalog_path,
            abi_contract_path: abi_path,
            output_dir: output_dir.clone(),
            cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
            ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(matches!(
            error,
            NativeOperatorBuilderError::Resolve(
                ferrum_native_ops::NativeOperatorResolveError::ArtifactMissingExports { .. }
            )
        ));
        assert!(!output_dir.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn identical_inputs_produce_identical_archive_and_manifest_hashes() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let (source_root, catalog_path, abi_path) = fixture_files(root.path());
        let exports = ["marlin_cuda", "marlin_cuda_moe"];
        let (source_build_receipt, source_build_plan, _) = run_source_build_fixture(
            root.path(),
            &source_root,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "marlin-deterministic",
            &exports,
        );
        let spec = package_spec(
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            &exports,
        );
        let spec_path = root.path().join("marlin.package.json");
        write_json(&spec_path, &spec).unwrap();
        let package = |name: &str| {
            package_native_operator(&NativeOperatorPackageRequest {
                spec_path: spec_path.clone(),
                source_root: source_root.clone(),
                license_root: source_root.clone(),
                source_build_receipt_path: source_build_receipt.clone(),
                source_build_plan_path: source_build_plan.clone(),
                g03_catalog_path: catalog_path.clone(),
                abi_contract_path: abi_path.clone(),
                output_dir: root.path().join("packages").join(name),
                cc: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/cc"),
                ar: PathBuf::from("/usr/bin/ar"),
            })
            .unwrap()
        };

        let first = package("first");
        let second = package("second");

        assert_eq!(first.binary_sha256, second.binary_sha256);
        assert_eq!(first.manifest_sha256, second.manifest_sha256);
        assert_eq!(first.descriptor_export, second.descriptor_export);
    }

    #[test]
    fn artifact_set_rejects_semantically_forged_source_receipt_with_updated_file_pin() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (package_dir, _) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
            "semantic-forgery",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let package_receipt_path = package_dir.join("package.receipt.json");
        let external_receipt_sha256 = sha256_file(&package_receipt_path).unwrap();
        let mut package_receipt: NativeOperatorPackageReceipt =
            read_json(&package_receipt_path).unwrap();
        let source_receipt_path = package_dir.join(&package_receipt.source_build_receipt.path);
        let mut source_receipt: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_receipt_path).unwrap();
        source_receipt.builder_sha = "8".repeat(40);
        write_json(&source_receipt_path, &source_receipt).unwrap();
        package_receipt.source_build_receipt.sha256 = sha256_file(&source_receipt_path).unwrap();
        package_receipt.source_build_receipt.size_bytes =
            fs::metadata(&source_receipt_path).unwrap().len();
        write_json(&package_receipt_path, &package_receipt).unwrap();
        let forged_receipt_sha256 = sha256_file(&package_receipt_path).unwrap();
        let anchor_lock_path = root.path().join("packages/anchor-reject.lock.json");
        let anchor_error = assemble_native_operator_set(&NativeOperatorSetRequest {
            receipt_paths: vec![package_receipt_path.clone()],
            expected_receipt_sha256: vec![external_receipt_sha256],
            expected_g03_catalog_sha256: package_receipt.g03_catalog_sha256.clone(),
            output_lock_path: anchor_lock_path.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
        })
        .unwrap_err();
        assert!(anchor_error
            .to_string()
            .contains("differs from its external sha256 pin"));
        assert!(!anchor_lock_path.exists());
        let lock_path = root.path().join("packages/native-operators.lock.json");

        let error = assemble_native_operator_set(&NativeOperatorSetRequest {
            receipt_paths: vec![package_receipt_path],
            expected_receipt_sha256: vec![forged_receipt_sha256],
            expected_g03_catalog_sha256: package_receipt.g03_catalog_sha256.clone(),
            output_lock_path: lock_path.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("manifest is not the exact semantic projection"));
        assert!(!lock_path.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn artifact_set_rejects_tampered_toolkit_manifest_with_updated_outer_pin() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (package_dir, mut receipt) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
            "tampered-toolkit",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let evidence = receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter_mut()
            .find(|evidence| evidence.path.ends_with("cuda-static-manifest.json"))
            .expect("package carries the cuda toolkit manifest");
        let manifest_path = package_dir.join(&evidence.path);
        let mut bytes = fs::read(&manifest_path).unwrap();
        bytes.extend_from_slice(b" \n");
        fs::write(&manifest_path, &bytes).unwrap();
        evidence.sha256 = sha256_bytes(&bytes);
        evidence.size_bytes = bytes.len().try_into().unwrap();
        let receipt_path = package_dir.join("package.receipt.json");
        write_json(&receipt_path, &receipt).unwrap();
        let lock_path = root.path().join("packages/tampered-toolkit.lock.json");

        let error = assemble_native_operator_set(&NativeOperatorSetRequest {
            receipt_paths: vec![receipt_path.clone()],
            expected_receipt_sha256: vec![sha256_file(&receipt_path).unwrap()],
            expected_g03_catalog_sha256: receipt.g03_catalog_sha256,
            output_lock_path: lock_path.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error.to_string().contains("source-build evidence mismatch"));
        assert!(!lock_path.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn artifact_set_reparses_depfile_after_coherent_outer_rehash() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (package_dir, mut receipt) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
            "tampered-depfile",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let source_receipt_path = package_dir.join(&receipt.source_build_receipt.path);
        let mut source_receipt: NativeOperatorSourceBuildReceipt =
            read_json(&source_receipt_path).unwrap();
        let command = &mut source_receipt.commands[0];
        let depfile_relative = command
            .depfile
            .as_deref()
            .expect("compiled command carries a depfile")
            .to_string();
        let depfile_path = source_receipt_path
            .parent()
            .unwrap()
            .join(&depfile_relative);
        let producer_object = command
            .depfile_producer_object_file
            .as_deref()
            .expect("compiled command records the depfile producer object");
        let forged = format!("{producer_object}: fixture.cu forged.h\n");
        fs::write(&depfile_path, forged.as_bytes()).unwrap();
        command.depfile_sha256 = Some(sha256_bytes(forged.as_bytes()));
        write_json(&source_receipt_path, &source_receipt).unwrap();

        receipt.source_build_receipt.sha256 = sha256_file(&source_receipt_path).unwrap();
        receipt.source_build_receipt.size_bytes = fs::metadata(&source_receipt_path).unwrap().len();
        let packaged_depfile = format!("provenance/{depfile_relative}");
        let depfile_evidence = receipt
            .source_build_inputs
            .iter_mut()
            .find(|evidence| evidence.path == packaged_depfile)
            .expect("package carries the portable depfile");
        depfile_evidence.sha256 = sha256_file(&depfile_path).unwrap();
        depfile_evidence.size_bytes = fs::metadata(&depfile_path).unwrap().len();

        let receipt_path = package_dir.join("package.receipt.json");
        write_json(&receipt_path, &receipt).unwrap();
        let lock_path = root.path().join("packages/tampered-depfile.lock.json");
        let error = assemble_native_operator_set(&NativeOperatorSetRequest {
            receipt_paths: vec![receipt_path.clone()],
            expected_receipt_sha256: vec![sha256_file(&receipt_path).unwrap()],
            expected_g03_catalog_sha256: receipt.g03_catalog_sha256,
            output_lock_path: lock_path.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("portable depfile bytes differ from their canonical typed bindings"));
        assert!(!lock_path.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn artifact_set_rejects_replaced_final_member_with_updated_outer_pins() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (package_dir, _) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            exports,
            "final-member-forgery",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let package_receipt_path = package_dir.join("package.receipt.json");
        let mut package_receipt: NativeOperatorPackageReceipt =
            read_json(&package_receipt_path).unwrap();
        let member_name = package_receipt.source_archive_members[0].member.clone();
        let replacement_source = root.path().join("replacement-final-member.c");
        let replacement_object = root.path().join(&member_name);
        fs::write(
            &replacement_source,
            "int marlin_cuda(void) { return 101; }\n\
             int marlin_cuda_moe(void) { return 102; }\n",
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(Command::new("/usr/bin/cc")
            .args(["-c"])
            .arg(&replacement_source)
            .arg("-o")
            .arg(&replacement_object)
            .status()
            .unwrap()
            .success());
        let artifact_path = package_dir.join(&package_receipt.artifact_file);
        assert!(Command::new("/usr/bin/ar")
            .arg("rcs")
            .arg(&artifact_path)
            .arg(&replacement_object)
            .status()
            .unwrap()
            .success());
        let forged_binary_sha256 = sha256_file(&artifact_path).unwrap();
        let manifest_path = package_dir.join(&package_receipt.manifest_file);
        let mut manifest: NativeOperatorManifest = read_json(&manifest_path).unwrap();
        manifest.binary_sha256 = forged_binary_sha256.clone();
        write_json(&manifest_path, &manifest).unwrap();
        package_receipt.binary_sha256 = forged_binary_sha256;
        package_receipt.manifest_sha256 = sha256_file(&manifest_path).unwrap();
        write_json(&package_receipt_path, &package_receipt).unwrap();
        let forged_receipt_sha256 = sha256_file(&package_receipt_path).unwrap();
        let lock_path = root.path().join("packages/native-operators.lock.json");

        let error = assemble_native_operator_set(&NativeOperatorSetRequest {
            receipt_paths: vec![package_receipt_path],
            expected_receipt_sha256: vec![forged_receipt_sha256],
            expected_g03_catalog_sha256: package_receipt.g03_catalog_sha256.clone(),
            output_lock_path: lock_path.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
        })
        .unwrap_err();

        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("native archive member evidence mismatch"));
        assert!(!lock_path.exists());
    }

    #[test]
    fn assembles_multiple_verified_packages_into_one_resolvable_lock() {
        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let marlin_exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.required_exports();
        let (alpha_dir, alpha_receipt) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.dense_linear",
            "provider.cuda.dense_linear.f16.marlin",
            marlin_exports,
            "alpha",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let vllm_marlin_exports = CudaNativeBuildUnit::VllmMarlin.required_exports();
        let (beta_dir, beta_receipt) = package_fixture(
            root.path(),
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::VllmMarlin.artifact_operator(),
            "operation.quantized_linear",
            "provider.cuda.quantized_linear.gptq_marlin",
            vllm_marlin_exports,
            "beta",
        )
        .unwrap();
        let lock_path = root.path().join("packages/native-operators.lock.json");
        let alpha_receipt_path = alpha_dir.join("package.receipt.json");
        let beta_receipt_path = beta_dir.join("package.receipt.json");

        let lock = assemble_native_operator_set(&NativeOperatorSetRequest {
            receipt_paths: vec![alpha_receipt_path.clone(), beta_receipt_path.clone()],
            expected_receipt_sha256: vec![
                sha256_file(&alpha_receipt_path).unwrap(),
                sha256_file(&beta_receipt_path).unwrap(),
            ],
            expected_g03_catalog_sha256: alpha_receipt.g03_catalog_sha256.clone(),
            output_lock_path: lock_path.clone(),
            compute_capability: "sm_89".to_string(),
        })
        .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            alpha_receipt.g03_catalog_sha256,
            beta_receipt.g03_catalog_sha256
        );
        assert_eq!(lock.artifacts.len(), 2);
        let resolved =
            NativeOperatorArtifactSetLock::load_and_resolve(&lock_path, Some("sm_89")).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(resolved.artifacts.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(
            resolved.artifacts[0].resolved.manifest.operator,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::Marlin.artifact_operator()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            resolved.artifacts[1].resolved.manifest.operator,
            CudaNativeBuildUnit::VllmMarlin.artifact_operator()
        );
    }
}