facet_path/

lib.rs

#![warn(missing_docs)]
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
//!
//! [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/facet-rs/facet-path/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://coveralls.io/github/facet-rs/facet?branch=main)
//! [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/facet-path.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/facet-path)
//! [![documentation](https://docs.rs/facet-path/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/facet-path)
//! [![MIT/Apache-2.0 licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/facet-path.svg)](./LICENSE)
//! [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1379550208551026748?logo=discord&label=discord)](https://discord.gg/JhD7CwCJ8F)
//!
//!
//! Path tracking for navigating Facet type structures.
//!
//! This crate provides lightweight path tracking that records navigation steps through a Facet type hierarchy. When an error occurs during serialization or deserialization, the path can be used to produce helpful error messages showing exactly where in the data structure the problem occurred.
//!
//! ## Features
//!
//! - Lightweight `PathStep` enum that stores indices, not strings
//! - Reconstruct human-readable paths by replaying steps against a `Shape`
//! - Optional `pretty` feature for rich error rendering with `facet-pretty`
//!
//! ## Usage
//!
//! ```rust
//! use facet::Facet;
//! use facet_path::{Path, PathStep};
//!
//! #[derive(Facet)]
//! struct Outer {
//!     items: Vec<Inner>,
//! }
//!
//! #[derive(Facet)]
//! struct Inner {
//!     name: String,
//!     value: u32,
//! }
//!
//! // Build a path during traversal
//! let mut path = Path::new(<Outer as Facet>::SHAPE);
//! path.push(PathStep::Field(0));      // "items"
//! path.push(PathStep::Index(2));       // [2]
//! path.push(PathStep::Field(0));      // "name"
//!
//! // Format the path as a human-readable string
//! let formatted = path.format();
//! assert_eq!(formatted, "items[2].name");
//! ```
//!
//! ## Feature Flags
//!
//! - `std` (default): Enables standard library support
//! - `alloc`: Enables heap allocation without full std
//! - `pretty`: Enables rich error rendering with `facet-pretty`
//!
//!
//!
#![doc = include_str!("../readme-footer.md")]

extern crate alloc;

use alloc::string::String;
use alloc::vec::Vec;
use core::fmt::Write;

use facet_core::{Def, Field, Shape, Type, UserType};

pub mod access;
pub use access::PathAccessError;

pub mod walk;
pub use walk::{ShapeVisitor, VisitDecision, WalkStatus, walk_shape};

/// A single step in a path through a type structure.
///
/// Each step records an index that can be used to navigate
/// back through a [`Shape`] to reconstruct field names and types.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub enum PathStep {
    /// Navigate to a struct field by index
    Field(u32),
    /// Navigate to a list/array element by index
    Index(u32),
    /// Navigate to an enum variant by index
    Variant(u32),
    /// Navigate into a map key at a specific entry index.
    /// The entry index distinguishes paths for different map keys' inner frames.
    MapKey(u32),
    /// Navigate into a map value at a specific entry index.
    /// The entry index distinguishes paths for different map values' inner frames.
    MapValue(u32),
    /// Navigate into `Some` of an Option
    OptionSome,
    /// Navigate through a pointer/reference
    Deref,
    /// Navigate into a transparent inner type (e.g., `NonZero<T>` -> T)
    Inner,
    /// Navigate into a proxy type (e.g., `Inner` with `#[facet(proxy = InnerProxy)]`)
    ///
    /// This step distinguishes a proxy frame from its parent in the deferred
    /// processing path, so both can be stored without path collisions.
    Proxy,
}

/// A path through a type structure, recorded as a series of steps.
///
/// This is a lightweight representation that only stores indices.
/// The actual field names and type information can be reconstructed
/// by replaying these steps against the original [`Shape`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Path {
    /// The root [`Shape`] from which this path originates.
    pub shape: &'static Shape,

    /// The sequence of [`PathStep`]s representing navigation through the type structure.
    pub steps: Vec<PathStep>,
}

impl PartialEq for Path {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        // Compare shapes by pointer address (they're static references)
        core::ptr::eq(self.shape, other.shape) && self.steps == other.steps
    }
}

impl Eq for Path {}

impl PartialOrd for Path {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl Ord for Path {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
        // Compare shapes by pointer address first, then by steps
        let shape_cmp =
            (self.shape as *const Shape as usize).cmp(&(other.shape as *const Shape as usize));
        if shape_cmp != core::cmp::Ordering::Equal {
            return shape_cmp;
        }
        self.steps.cmp(&other.steps)
    }
}

impl core::hash::Hash for Path {
    fn hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        // Hash the shape pointer address
        (self.shape as *const Shape as usize).hash(state);
        self.steps.hash(state);
    }
}

impl Path {
    /// Create a new empty path.
    pub const fn new(shape: &'static Shape) -> Self {
        Self {
            shape,
            steps: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Create a path with pre-allocated capacity.
    pub fn with_capacity(shape: &'static Shape, capacity: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            shape,
            steps: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
        }
    }

    /// Push a step onto the path.
    pub fn push(&mut self, step: PathStep) {
        self.steps.push(step);
    }

    /// Pop the last step from the path.
    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<PathStep> {
        self.steps.pop()
    }

    /// Get the steps in this path.
    pub fn steps(&self) -> &[PathStep] {
        &self.steps
    }

    /// Get the length of this path.
    pub const fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.steps.len()
    }

    /// Check if this path is empty.
    pub const fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.steps.is_empty()
    }

    /// Format this path as a human-readable string using the stored root shape.
    ///
    /// Returns a path like `outer.inner.items[3].name`.
    pub fn format(&self) -> String {
        self.format_with_shape(self.shape)
    }

    /// Format this path as a human-readable string by walking the given shape.
    ///
    /// Returns a path like `outer.inner.items[3].name`.
    pub fn format_with_shape(&self, shape: &'static Shape) -> String {
        let mut result = String::new();
        let mut current_shape = shape;
        let mut current_variant_idx: Option<usize> = None;

        for step in &self.steps {
            match step {
                PathStep::Field(idx) => {
                    let idx = *idx as usize;
                    if let Some(field_name) =
                        get_field_name_with_variant(current_shape, idx, current_variant_idx)
                    {
                        if !result.is_empty() {
                            result.push('.');
                        }
                        result.push_str(field_name);
                    }
                    if let Some(field_shape) =
                        get_field_shape_with_variant(current_shape, idx, current_variant_idx)
                    {
                        current_shape = field_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Index(idx) => {
                    write!(result, "[{}]", idx).unwrap();
                    if let Some(elem_shape) = get_element_shape(current_shape) {
                        current_shape = elem_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Variant(idx) => {
                    let idx = *idx as usize;
                    if let Some(variant_name) = get_variant_name(current_shape, idx) {
                        result.push_str("::");
                        result.push_str(variant_name);
                    }
                    // Don't advance current_shape — the next Field step will
                    // use the variant index to look up fields within the enum.
                    current_variant_idx = Some(idx);
                }
                PathStep::MapKey(idx) => {
                    write!(result, "[key#{}]", idx).unwrap();
                    if let Some(key_shape) = get_map_key_shape(current_shape) {
                        current_shape = key_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::MapValue(idx) => {
                    write!(result, "[value#{}]", idx).unwrap();
                    if let Some(value_shape) = get_map_value_shape(current_shape) {
                        current_shape = value_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::OptionSome => {
                    result.push_str("::Some");
                    if let Some(inner_shape) = get_option_inner_shape(current_shape) {
                        current_shape = inner_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Deref => {
                    if let Some(inner_shape) = get_pointer_inner_shape(current_shape) {
                        current_shape = inner_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Inner => {
                    if let Some(inner_shape) = get_inner_shape(current_shape) {
                        current_shape = inner_shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Proxy => {
                    if let Some(proxy_def) = current_shape.effective_proxy(None) {
                        current_shape = proxy_def.shape;
                    }
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
            }
        }

        if result.is_empty() {
            result.push_str("<root>");
        }

        result
    }

    /// Resolve the field at the end of this path, if the path ends at a struct field.
    ///
    /// This navigates through the given shape following each step in the path,
    /// and returns the [`Field`] if the final step is a `PathStep::Field`.
    ///
    /// This is useful for accessing field metadata like attributes when handling
    /// errors that occur at a specific field location.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// - `Some(&Field)` if the path ends at a struct field
    /// - `None` if the path is empty, doesn't end at a field, or navigation fails
    pub fn resolve_leaf_field(&self, shape: &'static Shape) -> Option<&'static Field> {
        if self.steps.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }

        let mut current_shape = shape;
        let mut current_variant_idx: Option<usize> = None;

        // Navigate through all steps except the last one
        for step in &self.steps[..self.steps.len() - 1] {
            match step {
                PathStep::Field(idx) => {
                    let idx = *idx as usize;
                    current_shape =
                        get_field_shape_with_variant(current_shape, idx, current_variant_idx)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Index(_) => {
                    current_shape = get_element_shape(current_shape)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Variant(idx) => {
                    // Remember the variant for the next field lookup
                    current_variant_idx = Some(*idx as usize);
                }
                PathStep::MapKey(_) => {
                    current_shape = get_map_key_shape(current_shape)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::MapValue(_) => {
                    current_shape = get_map_value_shape(current_shape)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::OptionSome => {
                    current_shape = get_option_inner_shape(current_shape)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Deref => {
                    current_shape = get_pointer_inner_shape(current_shape)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Inner => {
                    current_shape = get_inner_shape(current_shape)?;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
                PathStep::Proxy => {
                    let proxy_def = current_shape.effective_proxy(None)?;
                    current_shape = proxy_def.shape;
                    current_variant_idx = None;
                }
            }
        }

        // Check if the last step is a field
        if let Some(PathStep::Field(idx)) = self.steps.last() {
            let idx = *idx as usize;
            return get_field_with_variant(current_shape, idx, current_variant_idx);
        }

        None
    }
}

impl core::fmt::Display for Path {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&self.format())
    }
}

/// Get the field at the given index, handling both structs and enum variants.
fn get_field_with_variant(
    shape: &Shape,
    idx: usize,
    variant_idx: Option<usize>,
) -> Option<&'static Field> {
    match shape.ty {
        Type::User(UserType::Struct(sd)) => sd.fields.get(idx),
        Type::User(UserType::Enum(ed)) => {
            let variant_idx = variant_idx?;
            let variant = ed.variants.get(variant_idx)?;
            variant.data.fields.get(idx)
        }
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the shape of a field at the given index, handling both structs and enum variants.
fn get_field_shape_with_variant(
    shape: &Shape,
    idx: usize,
    variant_idx: Option<usize>,
) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    get_field_with_variant(shape, idx, variant_idx).map(|f| f.shape())
}

/// Get the name of a field at the given index, handling both structs and enum variants.
fn get_field_name_with_variant(
    shape: &Shape,
    idx: usize,
    variant_idx: Option<usize>,
) -> Option<&'static str> {
    get_field_with_variant(shape, idx, variant_idx).map(|f| f.name)
}

/// Get the element shape for a list/array.
const fn get_element_shape(shape: &Shape) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    match shape.def {
        Def::List(ld) => Some(ld.t()),
        Def::Array(ad) => Some(ad.t()),
        Def::Slice(sd) => Some(sd.t()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the name of a variant at the given index.
fn get_variant_name(shape: &Shape, idx: usize) -> Option<&'static str> {
    match shape.ty {
        Type::User(UserType::Enum(ed)) => ed.variants.get(idx).map(|v| v.name),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the key shape for a map.
const fn get_map_key_shape(shape: &Shape) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    match shape.def {
        Def::Map(md) => Some(md.k()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the value shape for a map.
const fn get_map_value_shape(shape: &Shape) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    match shape.def {
        Def::Map(md) => Some(md.v()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the inner shape for an Option.
const fn get_option_inner_shape(shape: &Shape) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    match shape.def {
        Def::Option(od) => Some(od.t()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the inner shape for a pointer.
const fn get_pointer_inner_shape(shape: &Shape) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    match shape.def {
        Def::Pointer(pd) => pd.pointee(),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Get the inner shape for a transparent type (e.g., `NonZero<T>`).
const fn get_inner_shape(shape: &Shape) -> Option<&'static Shape> {
    shape.inner
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_path_step_size() {
        // PathStep should be 8 bytes (discriminant + u32, aligned)
        assert_eq!(core::mem::size_of::<PathStep>(), 8);
    }
}