ethrex_common/

validation.rs

//! Stateless block validation utilities.
//!
//! This module provides pure validation functions that can be used without
//! storage dependencies, making them suitable for use in zkVM guest programs.

use crate::constants::{GAS_PER_BLOB, MAX_RLP_BLOCK_SIZE, POST_OSAKA_GAS_LIMIT_CAP};
use crate::errors::InvalidBlockError;
use crate::types::block_access_list::BlockAccessList;
use crate::types::requests::{EncodedRequests, Requests, compute_requests_hash};
use crate::types::{
    Block, BlockHeader, ChainConfig, EIP4844Transaction, Receipt, Transaction,
    compute_receipts_root_and_logs_bloom, validate_block_header, validate_cancun_header_fields,
    validate_prague_header_fields, validate_pre_cancun_header_fields,
};
use ethrex_crypto::{Crypto, NativeCrypto};
use ethrex_rlp::encode::RLPEncode;

/// Performs pre-execution validation of the block's header values in reference to the parent_header.
/// Verifies that blob gas fields in the header are correct in reference to the block's body.
/// If a block passes this check, execution will still fail with execute_block when a transaction runs out of gas.
///
/// # WARNING
///
/// This doesn't validate that the transactions or withdrawals root of the header matches the body
/// contents, since we assume the caller already did it. And, in any case, that wouldn't invalidate the block header.
///
/// To validate it, use [`ethrex_common::types::validate_block_body`]
pub fn validate_block_pre_execution(
    block: &Block,
    parent_header: &BlockHeader,
    chain_config: &ChainConfig,
    elasticity_multiplier: u64,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    // Verify initial header validity against parent
    validate_block_header(&block.header, parent_header, elasticity_multiplier)?;

    if chain_config.is_osaka_activated(block.header.timestamp) {
        let block_rlp_size = block.length();
        if block_rlp_size > MAX_RLP_BLOCK_SIZE as usize {
            return Err(InvalidBlockError::MaximumRlpSizeExceeded(
                MAX_RLP_BLOCK_SIZE,
                block_rlp_size as u64,
            ));
        }
    }
    if chain_config.is_prague_activated(block.header.timestamp) {
        validate_prague_header_fields(&block.header, parent_header, chain_config)?;
        verify_blob_gas_usage(block, chain_config)?;
        if chain_config.is_osaka_activated(block.header.timestamp)
            && !chain_config.is_amsterdam_activated(block.header.timestamp)
        {
            verify_transaction_max_gas_limit(block)?;
        }
    } else if chain_config.is_cancun_activated(block.header.timestamp) {
        validate_cancun_header_fields(&block.header, parent_header, chain_config)?;
        verify_blob_gas_usage(block, chain_config)?;
    } else {
        validate_pre_cancun_header_fields(&block.header)?;
    }

    // A transaction's chain id is bound into its signature (EIP-155 / the typed-tx
    // `chain_id` field), so the recovered sender is only valid for that chain. Reject any
    // transaction whose chain id does not match this chain: other clients (geth's signer)
    // reject it at block validation, so accepting one would split consensus. Legacy
    // pre-EIP-155 transactions carry no chain id (`None`) and are left untouched.
    //
    // Privileged (L2) transactions are exempt: their sender comes from an unsigned `from`
    // field, so chain id is not a signature-binding scalar for them, and on L2 it may name
    // a different source chain (cross-chain deposits). On L1 they are rejected outright as
    // an unsupported transaction type, so this exemption opens no L1 gap. The other L2-only
    // type, `FeeTokenTransaction` (0x7d), is signature-recovered and therefore stays
    // checked — on L2 it carries the L2 chain id; on L1 it is rejected as unsupported.
    for tx in &block.body.transactions {
        if matches!(tx, Transaction::PrivilegedL2Transaction(_)) {
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(tx_chain_id) = tx.chain_id()
            && tx_chain_id != chain_config.chain_id
        {
            return Err(InvalidBlockError::InvalidTransactionChainId {
                have: tx_chain_id,
                want: chain_config.chain_id,
            });
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Validates that the block gas used matches the block header.
/// For Amsterdam+ (EIP-7778), block_gas_used is PRE-REFUND and differs from
/// receipt cumulative_gas_used which is POST-REFUND.
pub fn validate_gas_used(
    block_gas_used: u64,
    block_header: &BlockHeader,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    if block_gas_used != block_header.gas_used {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::GasUsedMismatch(
            block_gas_used,
            block_header.gas_used,
        ));
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Validates both the receipts root and the header `logs_bloom` against the executed
/// receipts in a single pass.
///
/// The receipts root commits to each receipt's per-receipt bloom, but *not* to the
/// header's aggregate `logs_bloom` field — so the aggregate must be checked separately
/// or a block with a correct receipts root but an arbitrary bloom would be accepted,
/// diverging from geth/reth. Both checks need each receipt's bloom, so computing them
/// together hashes it only once (it is cycle-counted in the zkVM guest).
pub fn validate_receipts_root_and_logs_bloom(
    block_header: &BlockHeader,
    receipts: &[Receipt],
    crypto: &dyn Crypto,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    let (receipts_root, logs_bloom) = compute_receipts_root_and_logs_bloom(receipts, crypto);

    if receipts_root != block_header.receipts_root {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::ReceiptsRootMismatch);
    }
    if logs_bloom != block_header.logs_bloom {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::LogsBloomMismatch);
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Validates that the requests hash matches the block header (Prague+).
pub fn validate_requests_hash(
    header: &BlockHeader,
    chain_config: &ChainConfig,
    requests: &[Requests],
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    if !chain_config.is_prague_activated(header.timestamp) {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let encoded_requests: Vec<EncodedRequests> = requests.iter().map(|r| r.encode()).collect();
    let computed_requests_hash = compute_requests_hash(&encoded_requests);
    let valid = header
        .requests_hash
        .map(|requests_hash| requests_hash == computed_requests_hash)
        .unwrap_or(false);

    if !valid {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::RequestsHashMismatch);
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Helper to validate that all indices in an iterator are within bounds.
fn validate_bal_indices(
    indices: impl Iterator<Item = u32>,
    max_valid_index: u32,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    for index in indices {
        if index > max_valid_index {
            return Err(InvalidBlockError::BlockAccessListIndexOutOfBounds {
                index,
                max: max_valid_index,
            });
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Validates that all indices in the header BAL are within valid bounds (Amsterdam+).
/// This is a subset of the full hash check — used in the parallel execution path
/// where we have the header BAL but do not build a new BAL during execution.
/// Per EIP-7928: valid indices are 0 (pre-exec) through len(transactions)+1 (post-exec).
pub fn validate_header_bal_indices(
    bal: &crate::types::block_access_list::BlockAccessList,
    transaction_count: usize,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    let max_valid_index = u32::try_from(transaction_count + 1).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);

    for account in bal.accounts() {
        validate_bal_indices(
            account
                .storage_changes
                .iter()
                .flat_map(|slot| slot.slot_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index)),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;
        validate_bal_indices(
            account.balance_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;
        validate_bal_indices(
            account.nonce_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;
        validate_bal_indices(
            account.code_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Validates that no code change in the BAL is larger than `max_code_size`, the fork's
/// maximum deployed bytecode size.
///
/// Code can only be deployed within that limit, so a larger code change cannot appear in
/// the BAL of a valid block. This is structural, like [`validate_header_bal_indices`], so
/// it runs before the BAL is used to seed execution rather than after.
pub fn validate_bal_code_sizes(
    bal: &BlockAccessList,
    max_code_size: u64,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    for account in bal.accounts() {
        for change in &account.code_changes {
            let size = change.new_code.len();
            if u64::try_from(size).map_or(true, |size| size > max_code_size) {
                return Err(InvalidBlockError::BlockAccessListCodeTooLarge {
                    address: account.address,
                    size,
                    max: max_code_size,
                });
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Validates that the block access list hash matches the block header (Amsterdam+).
/// Also validates that all BlockAccessIndex values are within valid bounds per EIP-7928,
/// and that the BAL size does not exceed the gas-derived limit.
pub fn validate_block_access_list_hash(
    header: &BlockHeader,
    chain_config: &ChainConfig,
    computed_bal: &crate::types::block_access_list::BlockAccessList,
    transaction_count: usize,
    crypto: &dyn Crypto,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    use crate::constants::BAL_ITEM_COST;

    // BAL validation only applies to Amsterdam+ forks
    if !chain_config.is_amsterdam_activated(header.timestamp) {
        return Ok(());
    }

    // Per EIP-7928: "Invalidate block if access list...contains indices exceeding len(transactions) + 1"
    // Index semantics: 0=pre-exec, 1..n=tx indices, n+1=post-exec (withdrawals)
    let max_valid_index = u32::try_from(transaction_count + 1).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);

    // Validate all indices and compute item count in a single pass over the BAL.
    let mut bal_items: u64 = 0;
    for account in computed_bal.accounts() {
        bal_items += 1; // address
        bal_items += account.storage_reads.len() as u64;
        bal_items += account.storage_changes.len() as u64;

        // Check storage_changes indices
        validate_bal_indices(
            account
                .storage_changes
                .iter()
                .flat_map(|slot| slot.slot_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index)),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;

        // Check balance_changes indices
        validate_bal_indices(
            account.balance_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;

        // Check nonce_changes indices
        validate_bal_indices(
            account.nonce_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;

        // Check code_changes indices
        validate_bal_indices(
            account.code_changes.iter().map(|c| c.block_access_index),
            max_valid_index,
        )?;
    }

    // EIP-7928 size cap: bal_items <= gas_limit / GAS_BLOCK_ACCESS_LIST_ITEM
    let max_items = header.gas_limit / BAL_ITEM_COST;
    if bal_items > max_items {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::BlockAccessListSizeExceeded {
            items: bal_items,
            max_items,
        });
    }

    let computed_hash = computed_bal.compute_hash(crypto);
    let valid = header
        .block_access_list_hash
        .map(|expected_hash| expected_hash == computed_hash)
        .unwrap_or(false);

    if !valid {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::BlockAccessListHashMismatch);
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Validates that the block access list does not exceed the maximum allowed size (Amsterdam+).
/// Per EIP-7928: bal_items <= block_gas_limit // GAS_BLOCK_ACCESS_LIST_ITEM
///
/// Prefer using [`validate_block_access_list_hash`] when both hash and size validation are needed,
/// as it performs both checks in a single pass over the BAL.
pub fn validate_block_access_list_size(
    header: &BlockHeader,
    chain_config: &ChainConfig,
    computed_bal: &crate::types::block_access_list::BlockAccessList,
) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    use crate::constants::BAL_ITEM_COST;

    if !chain_config.is_amsterdam_activated(header.timestamp) {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let bal_items = computed_bal.item_count();
    let max_items = header.gas_limit / BAL_ITEM_COST;

    if bal_items > max_items {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::BlockAccessListSizeExceeded {
            items: bal_items,
            max_items,
        });
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Perform validations over the block's blob gas usage.
/// Must be called only if the block has cancun activated.
pub fn verify_blob_gas_usage(block: &Block, config: &ChainConfig) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    let mut blob_gas_used = 0_u32;
    let mut blobs_in_block = 0_u32;
    let max_blob_number_per_block = config
        .get_fork_blob_schedule(block.header.timestamp)
        .map(|schedule| schedule.max)
        .ok_or(InvalidBlockError::InvalidBlockFork)?;
    let max_blob_gas_per_block = max_blob_number_per_block * GAS_PER_BLOB;

    for transaction in block.body.transactions.iter() {
        match transaction {
            crate::types::Transaction::EIP4844Transaction(tx) => {
                blob_gas_used += get_total_blob_gas(tx);
                blobs_in_block += tx.blob_versioned_hashes.len() as u32;
            }
            crate::types::Transaction::FrameTransaction(tx) => {
                blob_gas_used += GAS_PER_BLOB * tx.blob_versioned_hashes.len() as u32;
                blobs_in_block += tx.blob_versioned_hashes.len() as u32;
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    if blob_gas_used > max_blob_gas_per_block {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::ExceededMaxBlobGasPerBlock);
    }
    if blobs_in_block > max_blob_number_per_block {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::ExceededMaxBlobNumberPerBlock);
    }
    if block
        .header
        .blob_gas_used
        .is_some_and(|header_blob_gas_used| header_blob_gas_used != blob_gas_used as u64)
    {
        return Err(InvalidBlockError::BlobGasUsedMismatch);
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Perform validations over the block's gas usage.
/// Must be called only if the block has osaka activated
/// as specified in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7825
fn verify_transaction_max_gas_limit(block: &Block) -> Result<(), InvalidBlockError> {
    for transaction in block.body.transactions.iter() {
        if transaction.gas_limit() > POST_OSAKA_GAS_LIMIT_CAP {
            return Err(InvalidBlockError::InvalidTransaction(format!(
                "Transaction gas limit exceeds maximum. Transaction hash: {}, transaction gas limit: {}",
                transaction.hash(&NativeCrypto),
                transaction.gas_limit()
            )));
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Calculates the blob gas required by a transaction.
pub fn get_total_blob_gas(tx: &EIP4844Transaction) -> u32 {
    GAS_PER_BLOB * tx.blob_versioned_hashes.len() as u32
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::H256;
    use crate::types::{Block, BlockBody, BlockHeader, ChainConfig, Transaction};

    /// Minimal cancun-active ChainConfig: only cancun_time set (= 0), default
    /// blob schedule (max = 6 blobs per block).
    fn cancun_config() -> ChainConfig {
        ChainConfig {
            cancun_time: Some(0),
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    /// Build a minimal Block with the given transactions and blob_gas_used header
    /// value. timestamp = 1 so cancun_time = 0 is active.
    fn make_block(transactions: Vec<Transaction>, blob_gas_used: u64) -> Block {
        Block {
            header: BlockHeader {
                timestamp: 1,
                gas_limit: 30_000_000,
                blob_gas_used: Some(blob_gas_used),
                excess_blob_gas: Some(0),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            body: BlockBody {
                transactions,
                ommers: vec![],
                withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
            },
        }
    }

    // --- EIP-4844 blob gas accounting (regression guard) ---

    #[test]
    fn eip4844_blob_gas_counts_correctly() {
        let config = cancun_config();
        let tx = Transaction::EIP4844Transaction(EIP4844Transaction {
            blob_versioned_hashes: vec![H256::zero(), H256::zero()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
        let block = make_block(vec![tx], 2 * GAS_PER_BLOB as u64);
        assert!(verify_blob_gas_usage(&block, &config).is_ok());
    }

    #[test]
    fn eip4844_blob_gas_mismatch_fails() {
        let config = cancun_config();
        let tx = Transaction::EIP4844Transaction(EIP4844Transaction {
            blob_versioned_hashes: vec![H256::zero(), H256::zero()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
        // Header claims 0 but actual is 2 * GAS_PER_BLOB
        let block = make_block(vec![tx], 0);
        assert!(matches!(
            verify_blob_gas_usage(&block, &config),
            Err(InvalidBlockError::BlobGasUsedMismatch)
        ));
    }
}