dynoxide/

lib.rs

//! # Dynoxide
//!
//! A lightweight, embeddable DynamoDB emulator backed by SQLite.
//!
//! ```rust
//! use dynoxide::Database;
//!
//! let db = Database::memory().unwrap();
//! ```

#[cfg(all(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
compile_error!(
    "Features `native-sqlite` and `encryption`/`encryption-cc` are mutually exclusive.\n\
     If you ran `cargo install`, use:\n  \
     cargo install dynoxide-rs --no-default-features --features encrypted-server\n\
     If using as a library dependency, set `default-features = false` \
     and enable only one backend."
);

#[cfg(all(feature = "encryption", feature = "encryption-cc"))]
compile_error!(
    "Features `encryption` and `encryption-cc` are mutually exclusive. \
     Use `encryption` for vendored OpenSSL or `encryption-cc` for Apple CommonCrypto."
);

#[cfg(all(feature = "encryption-cc", not(target_vendor = "apple")))]
compile_error!(
    "The `encryption-cc` feature is intended for Apple platforms only (CommonCrypto). \
     Use the `encryption` feature for vendored OpenSSL on non-Apple platforms."
);

#[cfg(not(any(
    feature = "native-sqlite",
    feature = "_has-encryption",
    feature = "wasm-sqlite"
)))]
compile_error!(
    "A storage backend feature must be enabled: `native-sqlite`, `encryption`, \
     `encryption-cc`, or `wasm-sqlite`. Default features include `native-sqlite`. \
     If you used `default-features = false`, add one of these features."
);

pub mod actions;
pub mod errors;
pub mod expressions;
#[cfg(feature = "import")]
pub mod import;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod macros;
#[cfg(feature = "mcp-server")]
pub mod mcp;
#[cfg(any(feature = "http-server", feature = "mcp-server"))]
pub(crate) mod net;
pub mod partiql;
pub mod schema;
#[cfg(feature = "http-server")]
pub mod server;
#[cfg(feature = "mcp-server")]
pub(crate) mod snapshots;
pub mod storage;
pub mod storage_backend;
pub mod streams;
pub mod ttl;
pub mod types;
pub mod validation;
// The single source of truth for DynamoDB operation names, shared by the HTTP
// server and the wasm engine API so the two lists cannot drift. Compiled only
// for the builds that consume it.
#[cfg(any(feature = "http-server", feature = "wasm-sqlite", test))]
pub(crate) mod dynamo_ops;
// Operation-level engine API for the browser playground. The generic dispatch
// is backend-agnostic and verified natively in tests, so the module compiles
// for the wasm build and under `cargo test`; a plain native build gains no
// extra public surface.
#[cfg(any(feature = "wasm-sqlite", test))]
pub mod wasm_api;
#[cfg(feature = "wasm-harness")]
pub mod wasm_harness;

#[doc(hidden)]
pub use macros::ItemInsert;

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use web_time::Instant;

pub use errors::{DynoxideError, Result};
pub use storage::{DatabaseInfo, TableInfoEntry, TableMetadata, TableStats};
pub use storage_backend::BackendError;
#[cfg(feature = "wasm-sqlite")]
pub use storage_backend::WasmBridgeBackend;
pub use types::{AttributeValue, ConversionError, Item};

/// Options for `Database::import_items()`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct ImportOptions {
    /// Whether to record stream events for imported items. Default: false.
    pub record_streams: bool,
    /// Whether to set `cached_at` to the current timestamp. Default: false.
    pub set_cached_at: bool,
}

/// Result of a bulk import operation.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ImportResult {
    /// Number of items imported.
    pub items_imported: usize,
    /// Total bytes imported (sum of item_size values).
    pub bytes_imported: usize,
}

/// Cached `TransactWriteItems` response with timestamp and request hash for
/// idempotency.
type TransactWriteTokenCache = HashMap<
    String,
    (
        Instant,
        u64,
        actions::transact_write_items::TransactWriteItemsResponse,
    ),
>;

/// Cached `ExecuteTransaction` response with timestamp and request hash for
/// idempotency. Separate from [`TransactWriteTokenCache`] because the response
/// type differs and `ClientRequestToken` idempotency is scoped per API
/// operation in AWS: a token reused across `TransactWriteItems` and
/// `ExecuteTransaction` executes once in each, so the two caches are
/// independent by design.
type ExecuteTransactionTokenCache = HashMap<
    String,
    (
        Instant,
        u64,
        actions::execute_transaction::ExecuteTransactionResponse,
    ),
>;

/// AWS caps `ClientRequestToken` at 36 characters. Shared by the two
/// transactional idempotency paths ([`run_idempotent`]).
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
const MAX_TOKEN_LEN: usize = 36;

/// AWS scopes transactional idempotency to a 10-minute window. Entries older
/// than this are evicted on the next token-bearing call.
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
const TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECS: u64 = 600;

/// Run a transactional operation with `ClientRequestToken` idempotency, shared
/// by [`Database::transact_write_items`] and [`Database::execute_transaction`].
///
/// For a token-bearing request the cache lock is held across the whole first
/// call (check, execute, insert) so two concurrent same-token calls cannot both
/// execute: the second serialises behind the first and replays. A cache hit
/// clones the stored response, releases the lock, then rebuilds the reply via
/// `replay` (which re-derives read capacity). Lock ordering is cache-then-
/// storage: `execute` takes the storage lock second, and nothing takes storage
/// first and then a token cache, so there is no reverse path to deadlock
/// against. Any future code touching both locks must keep this order.
///
/// `hash_input` is the stable idempotency key material - the items or
/// statements only, never `ReturnConsumedCapacity` - so a same-token call
/// differing only in the capacity mode replays rather than mismatches. A failed
/// `execute` is propagated without caching, so a same-token retry re-executes.
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
fn run_idempotent<T, H, E, R>(
    cache: &Mutex<HashMap<String, (Instant, u64, T)>>,
    token: Option<&str>,
    hash_input: &H,
    execute: E,
    replay: R,
) -> Result<T>
where
    T: Clone,
    H: serde::Serialize,
    E: FnOnce() -> Result<T>,
    R: FnOnce(&T) -> T,
{
    if let Some(token) = token {
        if token.len() > MAX_TOKEN_LEN {
            return Err(DynoxideError::ValidationException(format!(
                "1 validation error detected: Value '{token}' at 'clientRequestToken' failed to satisfy constraint: Member must have length less than or equal to {MAX_TOKEN_LEN}"
            )));
        }
    }

    // No idempotency token: execute without touching the cache.
    let Some(token) = token else {
        return execute();
    };

    // Hash over the key material only, normalised for stable ordering
    // regardless of HashMap iteration order.
    let request_hash = {
        use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
        let normalised = serde_json::to_value(hash_input)
            .and_then(|v| serde_json::to_vec(&v))
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let mut hasher = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
        normalised.hash(&mut hasher);
        hasher.finish()
    };

    let mut cache = cache
        .lock()
        .map_err(|e| DynoxideError::InternalServerError(format!("Lock poisoned: {e}")))?;
    // Evict expired entries.
    cache.retain(|_, (ts, _, _)| ts.elapsed().as_secs() < TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECS);
    if let Some((_, cached_hash, resp)) = cache.get(token) {
        if *cached_hash != request_hash {
            return Err(DynoxideError::IdempotentParameterMismatchException(
                "An error occurred (IdempotentParameterMismatchException)".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        // Clone the cached response, release the lock, then rebuild the reply.
        let cached = resp.clone();
        drop(cache);
        return Ok(replay(&cached));
    }
    // Cache miss: execute and record the result while still holding the lock,
    // so a concurrent same-token call waits and then replays rather than
    // executing the transaction a second time.
    let resp = execute()?;
    cache.insert(
        token.to_string(),
        (Instant::now(), request_hash, resp.clone()),
    );
    Ok(resp)
}

/// The native storage backend: the rusqlite-backed [`storage::Storage`].
///
/// `Database`'s type parameter defaults to this, so existing native callers
/// keep writing `Database` and get the synchronous rusqlite-backed engine.
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
pub type RusqliteBackend = storage::Storage;

/// The native, synchronous `Database`.
///
/// Alias for the default [`Database`] monomorphisation over
/// [`RusqliteBackend`]. It exposes the historical synchronous public API
/// unchanged: each method drives an async handler future to completion with
/// `block_on`. Because the native backend's futures never suspend, that
/// `block_on` never parks the thread.
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
pub type NativeDatabase = Database<RusqliteBackend>;

/// The wasm, asynchronous `Database` over the wasm SQLite backend.
///
/// Alias for [`Database`] monomorphised over [`WasmBridgeBackend`]. Unlike
/// [`NativeDatabase`], its methods are `async fn` and never call `block_on`:
/// the wasm backend awaits real SQLite-bridge promises, and the wasm main thread
/// must not block.
#[cfg(feature = "wasm-sqlite")]
pub type WasmDatabase = Database<WasmBridgeBackend>;

/// Build-visible preview marker for the wasm-sqlite backend.
///
/// `true` when built with `--features wasm-sqlite`, `false` otherwise. The wasm
/// backend covers CRUD, query, scan, and GSI/LSI, but it is not run against the
/// dynamodb-conformance suite that covers the native build. Consumers can read
/// this constant to tell whether the artifact they hold is the conformance-
/// tested native build or the wasm preview.
#[cfg(feature = "wasm-sqlite")]
pub const WASM_PREVIEW: bool = true;
/// Build-visible preview marker for the wasm-sqlite backend. See the
/// `wasm-sqlite` variant for details.
#[cfg(not(feature = "wasm-sqlite"))]
pub const WASM_PREVIEW: bool = false;

/// The main entry point for the DynamoDB emulator.
///
/// Generic over the storage backend `S`, monomorphised (no `dyn`). The type
/// parameter defaults to [`RusqliteBackend`], so `Database` means the native
/// engine and the public synchronous API is preserved via [`NativeDatabase`].
///
/// Wraps a storage layer and provides DynamoDB-compatible operations.
/// Thread-safe via `Arc<Mutex<>>`, so clone freely across threads.
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
pub struct Database<S = RusqliteBackend> {
    inner: Arc<Mutex<S>>,
    idempotency_tokens: Arc<Mutex<TransactWriteTokenCache>>,
    execute_transaction_tokens: Arc<Mutex<ExecuteTransactionTokenCache>>,
}

/// Serialises backend access on the backend-neutral build. On wasm this is an
/// async mutex: the bridge calls genuinely suspend, so a std mutex held across
/// them would deadlock concurrent callers on the single-threaded runtime,
/// whereas an async mutex queues them. Off wasm (the degenerate no-backend
/// shell, which can never construct a `Database`) a std mutex stands in.
#[cfg(all(
    not(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption")),
    feature = "wasm-sqlite"
))]
use async_lock::Mutex as BackendMutex;
#[cfg(all(
    not(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption")),
    not(feature = "wasm-sqlite")
))]
use std::sync::Mutex as BackendMutex;

/// The main entry point for the DynamoDB emulator (backend-neutral build).
///
/// On a build with no native backend (for example the `wasm-sqlite` build)
/// there is no native default, so the backend must be named explicitly - for
/// example `Database<WasmBridgeBackend>`, aliased as `WasmDatabase`.
///
/// Wraps a storage layer and provides DynamoDB-compatible operations. Backend
/// access is serialised by [`BackendMutex`] (an async mutex on wasm); clone
/// freely, only the `Arc`s are copied.
#[cfg(not(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption")))]
pub struct Database<S> {
    inner: Arc<BackendMutex<S>>,
    idempotency_tokens: Arc<Mutex<TransactWriteTokenCache>>,
    execute_transaction_tokens: Arc<Mutex<ExecuteTransactionTokenCache>>,
}

// Hand-written so cloning never requires `S: Clone`; only the `Arc`s clone.
impl<S> Clone for Database<S> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: Arc::clone(&self.inner),
            idempotency_tokens: Arc::clone(&self.idempotency_tokens),
            execute_transaction_tokens: Arc::clone(&self.execute_transaction_tokens),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption"))]
impl Database<RusqliteBackend> {
    /// Open a persistent database at the given path.
    pub fn new(path: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        let storage = storage::Storage::new(path)?;
        Ok(Self {
            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(storage)),
            idempotency_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            execute_transaction_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
        })
    }

    /// Open or create an encrypted database at the given path.
    ///
    /// The key must be a 64-character hex string representing a 32-byte key.
    /// Example: `"000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f"`
    ///
    /// The key is passed to SQLCipher via `PRAGMA key`. The database file is
    /// encrypted at rest using AES-256-CBC.
    ///
    /// # Security
    ///
    /// This function borrows the key as `&str` and cannot zeroize the caller's
    /// copy. The caller is responsible for zeroizing owned key material after
    /// this call returns (e.g., by using `zeroize::Zeroizing<String>`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - The key format is invalid (not 64 hex characters)
    /// - The database exists but was created without encryption
    /// - The database exists but the key is wrong
    #[cfg(feature = "_has-encryption")]
    pub fn new_encrypted(path: &str, key: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        if key.len() != 64 || !key.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_hexdigit()) {
            return Err(DynoxideError::ValidationException(
                "Encryption key must be a 64-character hex string (32 bytes)".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let storage = storage::Storage::new_encrypted(path, key)?;
        Ok(Self {
            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(storage)),
            idempotency_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            execute_transaction_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
        })
    }

    /// Open an in-memory database (for tests and ephemeral use).
    pub fn memory() -> Result<Self> {
        let storage = storage::Storage::memory()?;
        Ok(Self {
            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(storage)),
            idempotency_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            execute_transaction_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
        })
    }

    /// Execute a closure with exclusive access to the storage layer.
    pub(crate) fn with_storage<F, T>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&storage::Storage) -> Result<T>,
    {
        let guard = self
            .inner
            .lock()
            .map_err(|e| DynoxideError::InternalServerError(format!("Lock poisoned: {e}")))?;
        f(&guard)
    }

    /// Execute a closure with mutable exclusive access to the storage layer.
    pub(crate) fn with_storage_mut<F, T>(&self, f: F) -> Result<T>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut storage::Storage) -> Result<T>,
    {
        let mut guard = self
            .inner
            .lock()
            .map_err(|e| DynoxideError::InternalServerError(format!("Lock poisoned: {e}")))?;
        f(&mut guard)
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Table operations
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Create a new DynamoDB table.
    pub fn create_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::create_table::CreateTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::create_table::CreateTableResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::create_table::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Delete a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn delete_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::delete_table::DeleteTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::delete_table::DeleteTableResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::delete_table::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Describe a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn describe_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::describe_table::DescribeTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::describe_table::DescribeTableResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::describe_table::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Update a DynamoDB table (add/remove GSIs).
    pub fn update_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::update_table::UpdateTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::update_table::UpdateTableResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::update_table::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// List DynamoDB tables.
    pub fn list_tables(
        &self,
        request: actions::list_tables::ListTablesRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::list_tables::ListTablesResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::list_tables::execute(s, request)))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Tags
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Add tags to a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn tag_resource(
        &self,
        request: actions::tag_resource::TagResourceRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::tag_resource::TagResourceResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::tag_resource::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Remove tags from a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn untag_resource(
        &self,
        request: actions::untag_resource::UntagResourceRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::untag_resource::UntagResourceResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::untag_resource::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// List tags for a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn list_tags_of_resource(
        &self,
        request: actions::list_tags_of_resource::ListTagsOfResourceRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::list_tags_of_resource::ListTagsOfResourceResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| {
            pollster::block_on(actions::list_tags_of_resource::execute(s, request))
        })
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Item operations
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Put an item into a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn put_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::put_item::PutItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::put_item::PutItemResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::put_item::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Get an item from a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn get_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::get_item::GetItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::get_item::GetItemResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::get_item::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Delete an item from a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn delete_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::delete_item::DeleteItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::delete_item::DeleteItemResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::delete_item::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Update an item in a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn update_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::update_item::UpdateItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::update_item::UpdateItemResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::update_item::execute(s, request)))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Batch operations
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Batch get items from one or more DynamoDB tables.
    pub fn batch_get_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::batch_get_item::BatchGetItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::batch_get_item::BatchGetItemResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::batch_get_item::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Batch write items to one or more DynamoDB tables.
    pub fn batch_write_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::batch_write_item::BatchWriteItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::batch_write_item::BatchWriteItemResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::batch_write_item::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Import items in bulk, bypassing per-item size validation.
    ///
    /// All items are inserted in a single transaction. If any item fails,
    /// the entire import is rolled back. Items with duplicate keys within
    /// the batch are resolved by last-write-wins (later items in the vec
    /// overwrite earlier items with the same primary key).
    ///
    /// GSI entries are maintained: items with GSI key attributes are
    /// inserted into the appropriate GSI tables. Items missing GSI key
    /// attributes are silently omitted from the GSI (sparse GSI behavior,
    /// matching DynamoDB semantics).
    ///
    /// Stream records are NOT generated by default. Use
    /// `ImportOptions { record_streams: true, .. }` if stream recording is needed.
    pub fn import_items(
        &self,
        table_name: &str,
        items: Vec<Item>,
        options: ImportOptions,
    ) -> Result<ImportResult> {
        self.with_storage(|s| {
            pollster::block_on(actions::import_items::execute(
                s, table_name, items, &options,
            ))
        })
    }

    /// Import items in bulk, skipping GSI DELETE-before-INSERT.
    ///
    /// Same as `import_items` but assumes the database is fresh (no
    /// pre-existing rows), so GSI cleanup deletes are skipped entirely.
    /// This eliminates the dominant bottleneck for large imports.
    #[cfg(feature = "import")]
    pub(crate) fn import_items_fresh(
        &self,
        table_name: &str,
        items: Vec<Item>,
        options: ImportOptions,
    ) -> Result<ImportResult> {
        self.with_storage(|s| {
            pollster::block_on(actions::import_items::execute_skip_gsi_deletes(
                s, table_name, items, &options,
            ))
        })
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Bulk loading
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Set aggressive SQLite PRAGMAs for bulk loading.
    ///
    /// Only safe when data loss on crash is acceptable (e.g., fresh import).
    /// Call `disable_bulk_loading()` after the import to restore normal settings.
    pub fn enable_bulk_loading(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.enable_bulk_loading())
    }

    /// Restore normal SQLite PRAGMAs after bulk loading.
    pub fn disable_bulk_loading(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.disable_bulk_loading())
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Query & Scan
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Query a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn query(
        &self,
        request: actions::query::QueryRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::query::QueryResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::query::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Scan a DynamoDB table.
    pub fn scan(&self, request: actions::scan::ScanRequest) -> Result<actions::scan::ScanResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::scan::execute(s, request)))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Transactions
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Execute a transactional write (up to 100 actions, all-or-nothing).
    ///
    /// Honours `ClientRequestToken` idempotency via [`run_idempotent`]: a
    /// same-token, same-items call within the expiry window replays the stored
    /// result (reported as transactional read capacity) without re-applying the
    /// writes.
    pub fn transact_write_items(
        &self,
        request: actions::transact_write_items::TransactWriteItemsRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::transact_write_items::TransactWriteItemsResponse> {
        run_idempotent(
            &self.idempotency_tokens,
            request.client_request_token.as_deref(),
            &request.transact_items,
            || {
                self.with_storage(|s| {
                    pollster::block_on(actions::transact_write_items::execute(s, request.clone()))
                })
            },
            |cached| {
                // The replay recomputes a transactional read cost against the
                // item sizes (4KB read granularity, diverging from the first
                // call's 1KB-granular write above 1KB) and carries over the
                // cached item collection metrics.
                actions::transact_write_items::replay_response(
                    &request.transact_items,
                    &request.return_consumed_capacity,
                    cached.item_collection_metrics.clone(),
                )
            },
        )
    }

    /// Execute a transactional read (up to 100 gets).
    pub fn transact_get_items(
        &self,
        request: actions::transact_get_items::TransactGetItemsRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::transact_get_items::TransactGetItemsResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::transact_get_items::execute(s, request)))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Streams
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// List DynamoDB Streams.
    pub fn list_streams(
        &self,
        request: actions::list_streams::ListStreamsRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::list_streams::ListStreamsResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::list_streams::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Describe a DynamoDB Stream.
    pub fn describe_stream(
        &self,
        request: actions::describe_stream::DescribeStreamRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::describe_stream::DescribeStreamResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::describe_stream::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Get a shard iterator.
    pub fn get_shard_iterator(
        &self,
        request: actions::get_shard_iterator::GetShardIteratorRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::get_shard_iterator::GetShardIteratorResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::get_shard_iterator::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Get stream records.
    pub fn get_records(
        &self,
        request: actions::get_records::GetRecordsRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::get_records::GetRecordsResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::get_records::execute(s, request)))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // TTL
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Update time to live configuration.
    pub fn update_time_to_live(
        &self,
        request: actions::update_time_to_live::UpdateTimeToLiveRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::update_time_to_live::UpdateTimeToLiveResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::update_time_to_live::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Describe time to live configuration.
    pub fn describe_time_to_live(
        &self,
        request: actions::describe_time_to_live::DescribeTimeToLiveRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::describe_time_to_live::DescribeTimeToLiveResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| {
            pollster::block_on(actions::describe_time_to_live::execute(s, request))
        })
    }

    /// Run a TTL sweep, deleting expired items from all TTL-enabled tables.
    /// Returns the number of items deleted.
    pub fn sweep_ttl(&self) -> Result<usize> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(ttl::sweep_expired_items(s)))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // PartiQL
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Execute a single PartiQL statement.
    pub fn execute_statement(
        &self,
        request: actions::execute_statement::ExecuteStatementRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::execute_statement::ExecuteStatementResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| pollster::block_on(actions::execute_statement::execute(s, request)))
    }

    /// Execute PartiQL statements transactionally (all-or-nothing).
    ///
    /// Honours `ClientRequestToken` idempotency via [`run_idempotent`], the same
    /// way as [`transact_write_items`](Self::transact_write_items): a same-token,
    /// same-statements call within the expiry window replays the stored result
    /// without re-applying the statements. The cache is separate from the
    /// `TransactWriteItems` one (see [`ExecuteTransactionTokenCache`]).
    pub fn execute_transaction(
        &self,
        request: actions::execute_transaction::ExecuteTransactionRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::execute_transaction::ExecuteTransactionResponse> {
        run_idempotent(
            &self.execute_transaction_tokens,
            request.client_request_token.as_deref(),
            &request.transact_statements,
            || {
                self.with_storage(|s| {
                    pollster::block_on(actions::execute_transaction::execute(s, request.clone()))
                })
            },
            |cached| {
                // The replay reports transactional read capacity and carries
                // over the cached first-call responses.
                actions::execute_transaction::replay_response(
                    &request.transact_statements,
                    &request.return_consumed_capacity,
                    cached.responses.clone(),
                )
            },
        )
    }

    /// Execute a batch of PartiQL statements.
    pub fn batch_execute_statement(
        &self,
        request: actions::batch_execute_statement::BatchExecuteStatementRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::batch_execute_statement::BatchExecuteStatementResponse> {
        self.with_storage(|s| {
            pollster::block_on(actions::batch_execute_statement::execute(s, request))
        })
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Cache tracking
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Update the `cached_at` timestamp for a single item.
    ///
    /// Used by cache layers to track when items were last fetched from a
    /// remote source. The timestamp is a Unix epoch in seconds (f64).
    pub fn touch_cached_at(
        &self,
        table_name: &str,
        pk: &str,
        sk: &str,
        timestamp: f64,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.touch_cached_at(table_name, pk, sk, timestamp))
    }

    /// Get items ordered by `cached_at` (oldest first) for LRU eviction.
    ///
    /// Returns `(pk, sk, item_size)` tuples. Items with NULL `cached_at`
    /// are excluded (they were never cached from a remote source).
    pub fn get_lru_items(
        &self,
        table_name: &str,
        limit: usize,
    ) -> Result<Vec<(String, String, i64)>> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.get_lru_items(table_name, limit))
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Introspection
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Get the database file path, or `None` for in-memory databases.
    pub fn db_path(&self) -> Result<Option<String>> {
        self.with_storage(|s| Ok(s.db_path()))
    }

    /// Get the total database size in bytes.
    pub fn db_size_bytes(&self) -> Result<u64> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.db_size_bytes())
    }

    /// Count the number of DynamoDB tables.
    pub fn table_count(&self) -> Result<usize> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.table_count())
    }

    /// Get per-table statistics: name, item count, and approximate size in bytes.
    pub fn table_stats(&self) -> Result<Vec<TableStats>> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.table_stats())
    }

    /// Get metadata for a specific table (key schema, GSIs, TTL config, etc.).
    pub fn get_table_metadata(&self, table_name: &str) -> Result<Option<storage::TableMetadata>> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.get_table_metadata(table_name))
    }

    /// Get combined database info atomically in a single lock acquisition.
    ///
    /// Returns path, size, table count, and per-table stats + metadata.
    /// Avoids the consistency issues of calling individual methods separately.
    pub fn database_info(&self) -> Result<DatabaseInfo> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.database_info())
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Snapshot operations
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Run VACUUM to compact the database file in place.
    pub fn vacuum(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.vacuum())
    }

    /// Create a snapshot of the database by copying it to the given path.
    ///
    /// Uses SQLite's `VACUUM INTO` which works for both in-memory and
    /// file-backed databases. The snapshot is a standalone SQLite file.
    pub fn vacuum_into(&self, path: &str) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.vacuum_into(path))
    }

    /// Restore the database from a snapshot file.
    ///
    /// Uses SQLite's backup API to replace the current database contents
    /// with the snapshot. Works for both in-memory and file-backed databases.
    /// The backup is atomic — either all pages are copied or none are.
    pub fn restore_from(&self, path: &str) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage_mut(|s| s.restore_from(path))
    }

    /// Backup the current database to a new in-memory SQLite connection.
    ///
    /// Returns an owned `Connection` holding a complete copy. Used for
    /// in-memory snapshot storage — no filesystem side-effects.
    #[cfg(feature = "mcp-server")]
    pub(crate) fn backup_to_memory(&self) -> Result<rusqlite::Connection> {
        self.with_storage(|s| s.backup_to_memory())
    }

    /// Restore the database from an in-memory SQLite connection.
    ///
    /// Replaces current contents with the source connection's data.
    #[cfg(feature = "mcp-server")]
    pub(crate) fn restore_from_connection(&self, source: &rusqlite::Connection) -> Result<()> {
        self.with_storage_mut(|s| s.restore_from_connection(source))
    }
}

/// The wasm, asynchronous facade over the wasm SQLite backend.
///
/// Mirrors the native facade method-for-method, but each call is `async` and
/// awaits the shared action handler directly - there is no `block_on`, because
/// the wasm backend's bridge calls genuinely suspend.
///
/// Calls on one instance are serialised: each holds an async mutex over the
/// single SQLite connection for the whole handler, so a transaction's
/// begin..commit cannot interleave with another call, and concurrent callers
/// (for example two awaited operations on one `WasmDatabase`) queue rather
/// than deadlock. Because the mutex is async, queuing suspends instead of
/// blocking the single-threaded runtime; because there is only ever one
/// writer at a time, `BEGIN IMMEDIATE` cannot return `SQLITE_BUSY`.
#[cfg(feature = "wasm-sqlite")]
impl Database<WasmBridgeBackend> {
    /// Open (or create) a SQLite database persisted to OPFS under `name`,
    /// degrading to an ephemeral in-memory session where OPFS is unavailable.
    pub async fn open(name: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        Self::open_with(name, false).await
    }

    /// Open as [`open`](Self::open), but force an ephemeral in-memory session
    /// when `ephemeral` is true.
    pub async fn open_with(name: &str, ephemeral: bool) -> Result<Self> {
        let backend = WasmBridgeBackend::open_with(name, ephemeral)
            .await
            .map_err(DynoxideError::from)?;
        Ok(Self {
            inner: Arc::new(BackendMutex::new(backend)),
            idempotency_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            execute_transaction_tokens: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
        })
    }

    /// The active persistence mode: `"opfs"`, `"memory"`, or `"unknown"`.
    pub async fn persistence_mode(&self) -> String {
        self.backend().await.persistence_mode().to_string()
    }

    /// Close the underlying SQLite connection. The operation-level engine
    /// calls this before re-opening, so the previous connection is released
    /// rather than leaked when a new database replaces it.
    pub async fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
        self.backend()
            .await
            .close()
            .await
            .map_err(DynoxideError::from)
    }

    /// Lock the single backend for the span of one handler call. The guard is
    /// held across the whole call so the operation (including any transaction)
    /// is atomic; the async mutex queues concurrent callers rather than
    /// deadlocking, and never poisons.
    ///
    /// `pub(crate)` so the operation-level [`wasm_api`](crate::wasm_api) engine
    /// can hold the lock across a whole `execute` dispatch, matching the
    /// per-handler atomicity of the wrappers below.
    pub(crate) async fn backend(&self) -> async_lock::MutexGuard<'_, WasmBridgeBackend> {
        self.inner.lock().await
    }

    /// Create a new DynamoDB table.
    pub async fn create_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::create_table::CreateTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::create_table::CreateTableResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::create_table::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Delete a DynamoDB table.
    pub async fn delete_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::delete_table::DeleteTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::delete_table::DeleteTableResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::delete_table::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Describe a DynamoDB table.
    pub async fn describe_table(
        &self,
        request: actions::describe_table::DescribeTableRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::describe_table::DescribeTableResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::describe_table::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// List DynamoDB tables.
    pub async fn list_tables(
        &self,
        request: actions::list_tables::ListTablesRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::list_tables::ListTablesResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::list_tables::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Put an item into a DynamoDB table.
    pub async fn put_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::put_item::PutItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::put_item::PutItemResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::put_item::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Get an item from a DynamoDB table.
    pub async fn get_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::get_item::GetItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::get_item::GetItemResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::get_item::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Delete an item from a DynamoDB table.
    pub async fn delete_item(
        &self,
        request: actions::delete_item::DeleteItemRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::delete_item::DeleteItemResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::delete_item::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Query a DynamoDB table or secondary index.
    pub async fn query(
        &self,
        request: actions::query::QueryRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::query::QueryResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::query::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }

    /// Scan a DynamoDB table or secondary index.
    pub async fn scan(
        &self,
        request: actions::scan::ScanRequest,
    ) -> Result<actions::scan::ScanResponse> {
        let backend = self.backend().await;
        actions::scan::execute(&*backend, request).await
    }
}

#[cfg(all(test, any(feature = "native-sqlite", feature = "_has-encryption")))]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_database_memory() {
        let db = Database::memory().unwrap();
        // Should be able to clone (Arc)
        let _db2 = db.clone();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_database_with_storage() {
        let db = Database::memory().unwrap();
        let tables = db.with_storage(|s| s.list_table_names()).unwrap();
        assert!(tables.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_database_thread_safe() {
        let db = Database::memory().unwrap();
        let db2 = db.clone();

        let handle =
            std::thread::spawn(move || db2.with_storage(|s| s.list_table_names()).unwrap());

        let tables = handle.join().unwrap();
        assert!(tables.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_native_database_alias_round_trips() {
        // The `NativeDatabase` alias is the default `Database<RusqliteBackend>`
        // and must drive the async handlers through the synchronous facade
        // transparently: a put/get round-trip behaves exactly as before.
        let db: NativeDatabase = Database::memory().unwrap();

        db.create_table(actions::create_table::CreateTableRequest {
            table_name: "tbl".to_string(),
            key_schema: vec![types::KeySchemaElement {
                attribute_name: "pk".to_string(),
                key_type: types::KeyType::HASH,
            }],
            attribute_definitions: vec![types::AttributeDefinition {
                attribute_name: "pk".to_string(),
                attribute_type: types::ScalarAttributeType::S,
            }],
            ..Default::default()
        })
        .unwrap();

        let mut item = HashMap::new();
        item.insert("pk".to_string(), AttributeValue::S("a".to_string()));
        db.put_item(actions::put_item::PutItemRequest {
            table_name: "tbl".to_string(),
            item,
            ..Default::default()
        })
        .unwrap();

        let mut key = HashMap::new();
        key.insert("pk".to_string(), AttributeValue::S("a".to_string()));
        let got = db
            .get_item(actions::get_item::GetItemRequest {
                table_name: "tbl".to_string(),
                key,
                ..Default::default()
            })
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            got.item.unwrap().get("pk"),
            Some(&AttributeValue::S("a".to_string()))
        );
    }
}