dvb_bbframe/

issy.rs

//! ISSY (Input Stream SYnchronizer) field decoding per EN 302 755 §5.1.7 /
//! Annex C Table C.1 (DVB-T2) and EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1 (DVB-S2 BUFSTAT).
//!
//! ISSY carries the Input Stream Clock Reference (ISCR) and, in its long form,
//! buffer-status / time-to-output signalling, used for jitter-free transport
//! reconstruction at the receiver. The first bit selects the form:
//!
//! ```text
//!   bit7 = 0          -> ISCR short: 15-bit ISCR    (2-byte ISSY)
//!   bit7 = 1, bit6 = 0 -> ISCR long: 22-bit ISCR    (3-byte ISSY)
//!   bit7 = 1, bit6 = 1 -> BUFS / TTO signalling      (3-byte ISSY)
//! ```

use crate::Error;

const ISSY_LONG_FORM_BIT: u8 = 0x80;
const ISCR_SHORT_PAYLOAD_MASK: u8 = 0x7F;
const ISCR_LONG_PAYLOAD_MASK: u8 = 0x3F;
const ISSY_SIGNALLING_BIT: u8 = 0x40;

const SIGNALLING_KIND_SHIFT: u32 = 20;
const SIGNALLING_KIND_MASK: u32 = 0x03;
const BUFS_UNIT_SHIFT: u32 = 18;
const BUFS_UNIT_MASK: u32 = 0x03;
const BUFS_VALUE_SHIFT: u32 = 8;
const BUFS_VALUE_MASK: u32 = 0x03FF;
const TTO_E_MSB_SHIFT: u32 = 16;
const TTO_E_MSB_MASK: u32 = 0x0F;
const TTO_E_LSB_SHIFT: u32 = 15;
const TTO_E_LSB_MASK: u32 = 0x01;
const TTO_M_SHIFT: u32 = 8;
const TTO_M_MASK: u32 = 0x7F;
const RESERVED_PAYLOAD_MASK: u32 = 0x0F_FFFF;

/// BUFS unit selector — EN 302 755 Annex C, Table C.1 (2-bit field).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize))]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum BufsUnit {
    /// 0b00 — bits.
    Bits,
    /// 0b01 — Kbits.
    Kbits,
    /// 0b10 — Mbits.
    Mbits,
    /// 0b11 — 8 Kbits.
    Kbits8,
}

impl BufsUnit {
    #[must_use]
    /// Construct from a raw `u8` (only the low 2 bits are used).
    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
        match v & BUFS_UNIT_MASK as u8 {
            0 => Self::Bits,
            1 => Self::Kbits,
            2 => Self::Mbits,
            3 => Self::Kbits8,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Return the wire byte for this unit.
    pub const fn to_u8(self) -> u8 {
        match self {
            Self::Bits => 0,
            Self::Kbits => 1,
            Self::Mbits => 2,
            Self::Kbits8 => 3,
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Human-readable unit name.
    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::Bits => "bits",
            Self::Kbits => "Kbits",
            Self::Mbits => "Mbits",
            Self::Kbits8 => "8 Kbits",
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Number of bits per BUFS unit.
    ///
    /// Per EN 302 755 Annex C Table C.1, the 2-bit unit selector names the
    /// scale (bits / Kbits / Mbits / 8Kbits). The standard does not numerically
    /// define K/M; the decimal convention (K = 1 000, M = 1 000 000, 8K = 8 000)
    /// is used, consistent with the standard's use of decimal `Mbit/s`
    /// elsewhere (see `dvb-bbframe/docs/enums/en_302_755/bufs_unit.md` §BUFS/TTO semantics).
    pub fn multiplier_bits(self) -> u64 {
        match self {
            Self::Bits => 1,
            Self::Kbits => 1_000,
            Self::Mbits => 1_000_000,
            Self::Kbits8 => 8_000,
        }
    }
}

broadcast_common::impl_spec_display!(BufsUnit);

/// Decoded BUFS/TTO signalling — EN 302 755 Annex C, Table C.1.
///
/// The `11` prefix in the first ISSY byte selects one of two alternatives:
/// BUFS (buffer status) or TTO (time-to-output), indicated by bits `[5:4]`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize))]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum SignallingKind {
    /// BUFS — maximum size of the requested receiver buffer.
    ///
    /// Fields: `(bufs, units)` where `bufs` is the 10-bit buffer status
    /// and `units` is the 2-bit unit selector.
    Bufs {
        /// 10-bit buffer status value.
        bufs: u16,
        /// 2-bit unit selector (Table C.1).
        units: BufsUnit,
    },
    /// TTO — time-to-output (mantissa + exponent form).
    ///
    /// The output time is `TTO = (tto_m + tto_l / 256) * 2^tto_e`
    /// where `tto_l` is zero when ISCRshort is in use.
    Tto {
        /// 5-bit exponent `TTO_E`.
        tto_e: u8,
        /// 7-bit mantissa `TTO_M`.
        tto_m: u8,
        /// 8-bit low-fraction `TTO_L` (zero when ISCRshort is in use).
        tto_l: u8,
    },
    /// BUFSTAT — actual receiver-buffer fill status (DVB-S2 only).
    ///
    /// EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1: selected by bits `[5:4] = 0b10` (the
    /// ISSY code range `0xE_XXXX`). Same field layout as [`Self::Bufs`] — a
    /// 2-bit `units` selector and a 10-bit value (the number of filled bits,
    /// scaled by `units`). **Not used in DVB-T2**, where EN 302 755 Annex C
    /// reserves this code range ("shall not be transmitted in DVB-T2") and
    /// replaces it with [`Self::Tto`]; decoding it as BUFSTAT here is correct
    /// for DVB-S2 streams and harmless for T2 (the range is not transmitted).
    BufStat {
        /// 10-bit buffer-status value (filled bits, scaled by `units`).
        bufstat: u16,
        /// 2-bit unit selector (EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1; note S2 marks
        /// `0b11` reserved whereas T2's [`BufsUnit::Kbits8`] uses it).
        units: BufsUnit,
    },
    /// Reserved signalling type (bits `[5:4]` = `0b11`).
    ///
    /// Holds the low 20 bits of the signalling payload; the 2-bit kind
    /// selector is not retained. This is a decode-only view — the wire bytes
    /// live in `Bbheader::issy_in_header` and are serialized verbatim, so the
    /// dropped selector does not affect round-trip fidelity.
    Reserved(u32),
}

impl SignallingKind {
    #[must_use]
    /// Decoded BUFS buffer size in bits, or `None` if this is not a BUFS variant.
    ///
    /// `bufs_bits = bufs × units.multiplier_bits()`
    ///
    /// See EN 302 755 Annex C Table C.1 + §BUFS/TTO semantics
    /// (`dvb-bbframe/docs/enums/en_302_755/bufs_unit.md`).
    ///
    /// # Note on encoders
    ///
    /// Only decode accessors are provided. No `set_*` or `from_*` encoders are
    /// added because the physical-value → mantissa/exponent TTO encoding is
    /// lossy and the wire round-trip is already guaranteed by the existing
    /// raw-field serialization in `Bbheader`. Use the raw-field constructors
    /// (`SignallingKind::Bufs { … }` / `SignallingKind::Tto { … }`) for
    /// encoding.
    pub fn bufs_bits(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        match self {
            Self::Bufs { bufs, units } => Some(*bufs as u64 * units.multiplier_bits()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Decoded BUFS buffer size in bytes (integer floor), or `None`.
    ///
    /// `bufs_bytes = bufs_bits() / 8`. Integer division is used: BUFS is a
    /// maximum-size bound per the standard, so a floor is appropriate.
    ///
    /// See EN 302 755 Annex C Table C.1 + §BUFS/TTO semantics
    /// (`dvb-bbframe/docs/enums/en_302_755/bufs_unit.md`).
    pub fn bufs_bytes(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.bufs_bits().map(|b| b / 8)
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Decoded BUFSTAT fill status in bits, or `None` if this is not a BUFSTAT
    /// variant (DVB-S2 only — EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1).
    ///
    /// `bufstat_bits = bufstat × units.multiplier_bits()`
    pub fn bufstat_bits(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        match self {
            Self::BufStat { bufstat, units } => Some(*bufstat as u64 * units.multiplier_bits()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Decoded BUFSTAT fill status in bytes (integer floor), or `None`.
    pub fn bufstat_bytes(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.bufstat_bits().map(|b| b / 8)
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Decoded time-to-output in units of T/256, or `None` if this is not a
    /// TTO variant.
    ///
    /// `tto_t_over_256 = ((TTO_M × 256) + TTO_L) × 2^TTO_E`
    ///
    /// This is `TTO × 256` in units of the elementary period **T** (see EN 302
    /// 755 §9.5 / Table 65). The `TTO_L / 256` fractional term is preserved
    /// exactly without floating point; consumers divide by 256.0 to obtain
    /// `TTO` in units of T.
    ///
    /// Per EN 302 755 Annex C Table C.1 + §8.3.3
    /// (`dvb-bbframe/docs/enums/en_302_755/bufs_unit.md`).
    pub fn tto_t_over_256(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        match self {
            Self::Tto {
                tto_e,
                tto_m,
                tto_l,
            } => Some((u64::from(*tto_m) * 256 + u64::from(*tto_l)) << tto_e),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    /// Human-readable spec display name for the signalling kind.
    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::Bufs { .. } => "BUFS",
            Self::Tto { .. } => "TTO",
            Self::BufStat { .. } => "BUFSTAT",
            Self::Reserved(_) => "reserved",
        }
    }
}

broadcast_common::impl_spec_display!(SignallingKind);

/// Decoded ISSY value (EN 302 755 §5.1.7, Annex C).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize))]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Issy {
    /// ISCR short form — 15-bit Input Stream Clock Reference (2-byte ISSY).
    IscrShort(u16),
    /// ISCR long form — 22-bit Input Stream Clock Reference (3-byte ISSY).
    IscrLong(u32),
    /// Long-form BUFS/TTO signalling (3-byte ISSY, `11` prefix).
    ///
    /// The 22-bit payload is decoded into [`SignallingKind`]; see
    /// Annex C for the sub-coding.
    Signalling(SignallingKind),
}

impl Issy {
    #[must_use]
    /// Human-readable spec display name for the ISSY form.
    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::IscrShort(_) => "ISCR short",
            Self::IscrLong(_) => "ISCR long",
            Self::Signalling(_) => "signalling",
        }
    }
}

broadcast_common::impl_spec_display!(Issy);

/// Decode a 2-byte (short) ISSY field.
///
/// Returns `Ok(Issy::IscrShort)` when the short-form bit (`[7]` of byte 0) is
/// `0`; `Err` otherwise (a `1` prefix means a long-form field, which is 3 bytes
/// and must be decoded with [`decode_issy_long`]).
pub fn decode_issy_short(bytes: [u8; 2]) -> crate::Result<Issy> {
    if bytes[0] & ISSY_LONG_FORM_BIT != 0 {
        return Err(Error::InvalidIssyForm {
            reason: "bit [7] is 1 (long form); use decode_issy_long for 3-byte ISSY",
        });
    }
    let iscr = ((bytes[0] as u16 & ISCR_SHORT_PAYLOAD_MASK as u16) << 8) | bytes[1] as u16;
    Ok(Issy::IscrShort(iscr))
}

/// Decode a 3-byte (long) ISSY field.
///
/// Byte 0 bit `[7]` must be `1` (long form). Byte 0 bit `[6]` then selects: `0` → 22-bit
/// ISCR long; `1` → BUFS/TTO signalling. Returns `Err` if bit `[7]` is `0` (that is
/// a short-form field — use [`decode_issy_short`]).
pub fn decode_issy_long(bytes: [u8; 3]) -> crate::Result<Issy> {
    if bytes[0] & ISSY_LONG_FORM_BIT == 0 {
        return Err(Error::InvalidIssyForm {
            reason: "bit [7] is 0 (short form); use decode_issy_short for 2-byte ISSY",
        });
    }
    let payload = ((bytes[0] as u32 & ISCR_LONG_PAYLOAD_MASK as u32) << 16)
        | (bytes[1] as u32) << 8
        | bytes[2] as u32;
    if bytes[0] & ISSY_SIGNALLING_BIT == 0 {
        Ok(Issy::IscrLong(payload))
    } else {
        Ok(Issy::Signalling(decode_signalling(payload)))
    }
}

/// Decode the 22-bit `11`-prefix payload per EN 302 755 Annex C Table C.1
/// (DVB-T2) and EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1 (DVB-S2).
///
/// Bits `[21:20]` select the signalling type:
/// - `0b00` → BUFS: bits `[19:18]` = unit, bits `[17:8]` = 10-bit BUFS, `[7:0]` reserved
/// - `0b01` → TTO (DVB-T2): bits `[19:16]` = 4 MSBs of TTO_E, byte 1 bit `[7]` = LSB
///   of TTO_E, byte 1 bits `[6:0]` = TTO_M, byte 2 = TTO_L (or reserved for ISCRshort)
/// - `0b10` → BUFSTAT (DVB-S2): bits `[19:18]` = unit, bits `[17:8]` = 10-bit BUFSTAT
///   (reserved / not transmitted in DVB-T2 — replaced by TTO)
/// - `0b11` → reserved
fn decode_signalling(payload: u32) -> SignallingKind {
    let kind = (payload >> SIGNALLING_KIND_SHIFT) & SIGNALLING_KIND_MASK;
    match kind {
        0 => {
            let units = BufsUnit::from_u8(((payload >> BUFS_UNIT_SHIFT) & BUFS_UNIT_MASK) as u8);
            let bufs = ((payload >> BUFS_VALUE_SHIFT) & BUFS_VALUE_MASK) as u16;
            SignallingKind::Bufs { bufs, units }
        }
        1 => {
            let tto_e = (((payload >> TTO_E_MSB_SHIFT) & TTO_E_MSB_MASK) << 1
                | ((payload >> TTO_E_LSB_SHIFT) & TTO_E_LSB_MASK)) as u8;
            let tto_m = ((payload >> TTO_M_SHIFT) & TTO_M_MASK) as u8;
            let tto_l = (payload & 0xFF) as u8;
            SignallingKind::Tto {
                tto_e,
                tto_m,
                tto_l,
            }
        }
        2 => {
            // BUFSTAT (DVB-S2, EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1) — same layout as BUFS.
            let units = BufsUnit::from_u8(((payload >> BUFS_UNIT_SHIFT) & BUFS_UNIT_MASK) as u8);
            let bufstat = ((payload >> BUFS_VALUE_SHIFT) & BUFS_VALUE_MASK) as u16;
            SignallingKind::BufStat { bufstat, units }
        }
        _ => {
            let remainder = payload & RESERVED_PAYLOAD_MASK;
            SignallingKind::Reserved(remainder)
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn iscr_short_decodes_15_bits() {
        assert_eq!(decode_issy_short([0x7A, 0xBC]), Ok(Issy::IscrShort(0x7ABC)));
        assert_eq!(decode_issy_short([0x00, 0x01]), Ok(Issy::IscrShort(1)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn short_rejects_long_prefix() {
        assert!(decode_issy_short([0x80, 0x00]).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn iscr_long_decodes_22_bits() {
        assert_eq!(
            decode_issy_long([0xBF, 0xFF, 0xFF]),
            Ok(Issy::IscrLong(0x3FFFFF))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            decode_issy_long([0x80, 0x12, 0x34]),
            Ok(Issy::IscrLong(0x1234))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn signalling_decodes_with_11_prefix() {
        assert_eq!(
            decode_issy_long([0xC0, 0x12, 0x34]),
            Ok(Issy::Signalling(decode_signalling(0x1234)))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn long_rejects_short_prefix() {
        assert!(decode_issy_long([0x00, 0x00, 0x00]).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn signalling_bufs_decode() {
        // bytes [0xCB, 0xFF, 0x00]: byte0 has the '11' ISSY prefix in bits[7:6];
        // the 22-bit payload = ((0xCB & 0x3F) << 16) | (0xFF << 8) | 0x00 = 0x0B_FF_00
        // = 0000_1011_1111_1111_0000_0000, so:
        //   bits[21:20] = 00 => BUFS form
        //   bits[19:18] = 10 => unit (Mbit)
        //   bits[17:8]  = 11_1111_1111 = 0x3FF => BUFS = 1023
        //   bits[7:0]   = reserved
        let result = decode_issy_long([0xCB, 0xFF, 0x00]).unwrap();
        match result {
            Issy::Signalling(SignallingKind::Bufs { bufs, units }) => {
                assert_eq!(bufs, 0x3FF);
                assert_eq!(units, BufsUnit::Mbits);
            }
            other => panic!("expected BUFS, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn signalling_tto_decode() {
        // '11' prefix, bits[21:20]=0b01 (TTO)
        // bits[19:16]=0b0101 (4 MSBs of TTO_E = 5)
        // byte1 bit7 = LSB of TTO_E (1 => TTO_E = 0b1011 = 11)
        // byte1 bits[6:0] = TTO_M = 0x7F = 127
        // byte2 = TTO_L = 0x80
        // byte0: 0b11_01_0101 = 0xD5
        // byte1: 0b1_1111111 = 0xFF
        // byte2: 0x80
        // payload = ((0xD5 & 0x3F) << 16) | (0xFF << 8) | 0x80
        // = (0x15 << 16) | 0xFF00 | 0x80
        // = 0x15_FF_80
        // bits[21:20] = 01 => TTO
        // bits[19:16] = 0101 => TTO_E MSBs = 5
        // bit 15 = 1 => TTO_E LSB = 1 => TTO_E = 0b1011 = 11
        // bits[14:8] = 1111111 => TTO_M = 127
        // bits[7:0] = 10000000 => TTO_L = 128
        let result = decode_issy_long([0xD5, 0xFF, 0x80]).unwrap();
        match result {
            Issy::Signalling(SignallingKind::Tto {
                tto_e,
                tto_m,
                tto_l,
            }) => {
                assert_eq!(tto_e, 11);
                assert_eq!(tto_m, 127);
                assert_eq!(tto_l, 128);
            }
            other => panic!("expected TTO, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn signalling_bufstat_decode() {
        // BUFSTAT (DVB-S2, EN 302 307-1 Annex D Table D.1): '11' prefix,
        // bits[21:20]=0b10 (BUFSTAT), bits[19:18]=0b10 (Mbits unit),
        // bits[17:8]=11_1111_1111=0x3FF (BUFSTAT=1023).
        // byte0: 0b11_10_10_11 = 0xEB; payload = (0xEB & 0x3F)<<16 | 0xFF<<8 = 0x2BFF00.
        let result = decode_issy_long([0xEB, 0xFF, 0x00]).unwrap();
        match result {
            Issy::Signalling(SignallingKind::BufStat { bufstat, units }) => {
                assert_eq!(bufstat, 0x3FF);
                assert_eq!(units, BufsUnit::Mbits);
            }
            other => panic!("expected BufStat, got {other:?}"),
        }
        // BUFSTAT accessors
        let bs = SignallingKind::BufStat {
            bufstat: 2,
            units: BufsUnit::Mbits,
        };
        assert_eq!(bs.bufstat_bits(), Some(2_000_000));
        assert_eq!(bs.bufstat_bytes(), Some(250_000));
        // non-BUFSTAT variants return None
        assert_eq!(SignallingKind::Reserved(0).bufstat_bits(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn signalling_reserved_decode() {
        // '11' prefix, bits[21:20]=0b11 (reserved — the only remaining reserved kind
        // now that 0b10 is decoded as BUFSTAT).
        // byte0: 0b11_11_0000 = 0xF0; payload = ((0xF0 & 0x3F) << 16) = 0x300000
        // kind = (0x300000 >> 20) & 0x03 = 3 => reserved; remainder = 0x300000 & 0x0FFFFF = 0
        let result = decode_issy_long([0xF0, 0x00, 0x00]).unwrap();
        match result {
            Issy::Signalling(SignallingKind::Reserved(remainder)) => {
                assert_eq!(remainder, 0x00000);
            }
            other => panic!("expected Reserved, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn bufs_unit_round_trip() {
        for b in 0..=3u8 {
            assert_eq!(BufsUnit::from_u8(b).to_u8(), b);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn bufs_unit_name() {
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Bits.name(), "bits");
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Kbits.name(), "Kbits");
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Mbits.name(), "Mbits");
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Kbits8.name(), "8 Kbits");
    }

    #[test]
    fn multiplier_bits() {
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Bits.multiplier_bits(), 1);
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Kbits.multiplier_bits(), 1_000);
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Mbits.multiplier_bits(), 1_000_000);
        assert_eq!(BufsUnit::Kbits8.multiplier_bits(), 8_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn bufs_bits_and_bytes() {
        // BUFS = 2 Mbits → 2 * 1_000_000 = 2_000_000 bits → 250_000 bytes
        let b = SignallingKind::Bufs {
            bufs: 2,
            units: BufsUnit::Mbits,
        };
        assert_eq!(b.bufs_bits(), Some(2_000_000));
        assert_eq!(b.bufs_bytes(), Some(250_000));

        // BUFS = 1 bit
        let b = SignallingKind::Bufs {
            bufs: 1,
            units: BufsUnit::Bits,
        };
        assert_eq!(b.bufs_bits(), Some(1));
        assert_eq!(b.bufs_bytes(), Some(0)); // 1/8 = 0 (integer floor)

        // BUFS = 3 × 8Kbits → 3 * 8000 = 24_000 bits → 3_000 bytes
        let b = SignallingKind::Bufs {
            bufs: 3,
            units: BufsUnit::Kbits8,
        };
        assert_eq!(b.bufs_bits(), Some(24_000));
        assert_eq!(b.bufs_bytes(), Some(3_000));

        // TTO variant returns None
        let t = SignallingKind::Tto {
            tto_e: 0,
            tto_m: 0,
            tto_l: 0,
        };
        assert_eq!(t.bufs_bits(), None);
        assert_eq!(t.bufs_bytes(), None);

        // Reserved variant returns None
        assert_eq!(SignallingKind::Reserved(0).bufs_bits(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn tto_t_over_256() {
        // TTO_E=0, TTO_M=1, TTO_L=0 → ((1*256 + 0) << 0) = 256 (= 1·T in T/256 units)
        let t = SignallingKind::Tto {
            tto_e: 0,
            tto_m: 1,
            tto_l: 0,
        };
        assert_eq!(t.tto_t_over_256(), Some(256));

        // TTO_E=1, TTO_M=0, TTO_L=128 → ((0*256 + 128) << 1) = 256 (= (128/256)*T*2 = 1·T → 256 in T/256 units)
        let t = SignallingKind::Tto {
            tto_e: 1,
            tto_m: 0,
            tto_l: 128,
        };
        assert_eq!(t.tto_t_over_256(), Some(256));

        // TTO_E=5, TTO_M=3, TTO_L=64 → ((3*256 + 64) << 5) = (768 + 64) * 32 = 832 * 32 = 26_624
        let t = SignallingKind::Tto {
            tto_e: 5,
            tto_m: 3,
            tto_l: 64,
        };
        assert_eq!(t.tto_t_over_256(), Some(26_624));

        // Bufs variant returns None
        let b = SignallingKind::Bufs {
            bufs: 1,
            units: BufsUnit::Bits,
        };
        assert_eq!(b.tto_t_over_256(), None);

        // Reserved variant returns None
        assert_eq!(SignallingKind::Reserved(0).tto_t_over_256(), None);
    }
}