#![no_std]
#![allow(unused_imports)]
//!
//! Downcast trait: A module to support downcasting dyn traits using [core::any].
//! This trait is similar to [intertrait](https://crates.io/crates/intertrait), but does not require
//! to make a hashtable or any fancy linker magic. For certain cases all casting is optimized away.
//!
//! This crate uses transmute (which is generally considered unsafe rust) to pass an unknown type
//!  as a return value from a function, but the value is then transmuted back to the original type.
//!
//! Downcast traits enables callers to convert dyn objects that implement the
//! DowncastTrait trait to any trait that is supported by the struct implementing the trait.
//! The most useful usecase for this is if a class contains a list of objects that implements a
//! trait and want to call functions on a subset which implements another trait too. This is similar
//! to casting to a sub-class in an object oriented language.
//!
//! Example:
//! * A Widget trait is implemented for all widgets in a graphical user interface system.
//! * The widget trait extends the DowncastTrait.
//! * A widget may implement the Container trait if it is possible to add child widgets to the widget.
//! * A container has a list of widgets, and want to call a specific functions on all widgets that
//!   implement container.
//!
//! ```
//! #[macro_use] extern crate downcast_trait;
//! use downcast_trait::DowncastTrait;
//! use core::{any::{Any, TypeId}, mem};
//! trait Widget: DowncastTrait {}
//! trait Container: Widget {
//!     fn enumerate_widget_leaves_recursive(&self) -> Vec<&Box<dyn Widget>>;
//! }
//! struct Window {
//!     sub_widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,
//! }
//! impl Widget for Window {}
//! impl Container for Window {
//!     fn enumerate_widget_leaves_recursive(&self) -> Vec<&Box<dyn Widget>> {
//!         let mut result = Vec::<&Box<dyn Widget>>::new();
//!         self.sub_widgets.iter().for_each(|sub_widget| {
//!             if let Some(sub_container) =
//!                 downcast_trait!(dyn Container, sub_widget.as_ref().to_downcast_trait())
//!             {
//!                 result.extend(sub_container.enumerate_widget_leaves_recursive());
//!             } else {
//!                 result.push(sub_widget);
//!             }
//!         });
//!         result
//!     }
//! }
//! impl DowncastTrait for Window {
//!     downcast_trait_impl_convert_to!(dyn Container);
//! }
//! ```
use core::{
    any::{Any, TypeId},
    mem,
};

/// This trait should be implemented by any structs that or traits that should be downcastable
/// to dowcast to one or more traits. The functions required by this trait should be implemented
/// using the [downcast_trait_impl_convert_to](macro.downcast_trait_impl_convert_to.html) macro.
/// ```ignore
/// trait Widget: DowncastTrait {}
/// ```
pub trait DowncastTrait {
    /// # Safety
    /// This function is called by the [downcast_trait](macro.downcast_trait.html) macro and should
    /// not be accessed directly.
    unsafe fn convert_to_trait(&self, trait_id: TypeId) -> Option<&(dyn Any)>;
    /// # Safety
    /// This function is called by the [downcast_trait_mut](macro.downcast_trait_mut.html) macro
    /// and should not be accessed directly.
    unsafe fn convert_to_trait_mut(&mut self, trait_id: TypeId) -> Option<&mut (dyn Any)>;
    /// This macro is used to cast any implementer of this trait to a DowncastTrait
    fn to_downcast_trait(&self) -> &dyn DowncastTrait;
    /// This macro is used to cast any implementer of this trait to a mut DowncastTrait
    fn to_downcast_trait_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn DowncastTrait;
}

/// This macro can be used to cast a &dyn DowncastTrait to an implemented trait e.g:
/// ```ignore
/// if let Some(sub_container) =
///     downcast_trait!(dyn Container, sub_widget.as_ref().to_downcast_trait())
/// {
///   //Use downcasted trait
/// }
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! downcast_trait {
    ( dyn $type:path, $src:expr) => {{
        fn transmute_helper(src: &dyn DowncastTrait) -> Option<&dyn $type> {
            unsafe {
                src.convert_to_trait(TypeId::of::<dyn $type>())
                    .map(|dst| mem::transmute::<&(dyn Any), &(dyn $type)>(dst))
            }
        }
        transmute_helper($src)
    }};
}

/// This macro can be used to cast a &dyn mut DowncastTrait to an implemented trait e.g:
/// ```ignore
/// if let Some(sub_container) =
///     downcast_trait_mut!(dyn Container, sub_widget.as_ref().to_downcast_trait())
/// {
///   //Use downcasted trait
/// }
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! downcast_trait_mut {
    ( dyn $type:path, $src:expr) => {{
        fn transmute_helper(src: &mut dyn DowncastTrait) -> Option<&mut dyn $type> {
            unsafe {
                src.convert_to_trait_mut(TypeId::of::<dyn $type>())
                    .map(|dst| mem::transmute::<&mut (dyn Any), &mut (dyn $type)>(dst))
            }
        }
        transmute_helper($src)
    }};
}
/// This macro can be used by a struct impl, to implement the functions required by the downcas traitt
/// to dowcast to one or more traits.
/// ```ignore
/// impl DowncastTrait for Window {
///     downcast_trait_impl_convert_to!(dyn Container, dyn Scrollable, dyn Clickable);
/// }
/// ```

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! downcast_trait_impl_convert_to
{
    ($(dyn $type:path),+) => {
        unsafe fn convert_to_trait(& self, trait_id: TypeId) -> Option<& (dyn Any)> {
            if false
            {
               None
            }
            $(
            else if trait_id == TypeId::of::<dyn $type>()
            {
                Some(mem::transmute::<& (dyn $type), & dyn Any>(
                    self as & (dyn $type)
                ))
            }
            )*
            else
            {
                None
            }
        }

        unsafe fn convert_to_trait_mut(& mut self, trait_id: TypeId) -> Option<& mut (dyn Any)> {
            if false
            {
               None
            }
            $(
            else if trait_id == TypeId::of::<dyn $type>()
            {
                Some(mem::transmute::<& mut (dyn $type), & mut dyn Any>(
                    self as & mut (dyn $type)
                ))
            }
            )*
            else
            {
                None
            }
        }

        fn to_downcast_trait(& self) -> & dyn DowncastTrait
        {
            self
        }

        fn to_downcast_trait_mut(& mut self) -> & mut dyn DowncastTrait
        {
            self
        }
    };
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    trait Downcasted {
        fn get_number(&self) -> u32;
    }
    trait Downcasted2 {
        fn get_number(&self) -> u32;
    }
    struct Downcastable {
        val: u32,
    }
    impl Downcasted for Downcastable {
        fn get_number(&self) -> u32 {
            self.val + 123
        }
    }
    impl Downcasted2 for Downcastable {
        fn get_number(&self) -> u32 {
            self.val + 456
        }
    }
    impl DowncastTrait for Downcastable {
        downcast_trait_impl_convert_to!(dyn Downcasted, dyn Downcasted2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn exploration() {
        let mut tst = Downcastable { val: 0 };
        let ts: &mut dyn DowncastTrait = tst.to_downcast_trait_mut();
        let downcasted_maybe = downcast_trait!(dyn Downcasted, ts);
        if let Some(downcasted) = downcasted_maybe {
            assert_eq!(downcasted.get_number(), 123);
        }
        let downcasted_maybe2 = downcast_trait!(dyn Downcasted2, ts);
        if let Some(downcasted2) = downcasted_maybe2 {
            assert_eq!(downcasted2.get_number(), 456);
        }

        let mut downcasted_maybemut = downcast_trait_mut!(dyn Downcasted2, ts);
        match &mut downcasted_maybemut {
            Some(downcasted_mut) => {
                assert_eq!(downcasted_mut.get_number(), 456);
            }
            None => assert!(false),
        }
    }
}