Trait dorset::core::vari::From1.0.0 [] [src]

pub trait From<T> {
    fn from(T) -> Self;
}

Simple and safe type conversions in to Self. It is the reciprocal of Into.

This trait is useful when performing error handling as described by the book and is closely related to the ? operator.

When constructing a function that is capable of failing the return type will generally be of the form Result<T, E>.

The From trait allows for simplification of error handling by providing a means of returning a single error type that encapsulates numerous possible erroneous situations.

This trait is not limited to error handling, rather the general case for this trait would be in any type conversions to have an explicit definition of how they are performed.

Note: this trait must not fail. If the conversion can fail, use TryFrom or a dedicated method which returns an Option<T> or a Result<T, E>.

Generic Implementations

  • From<T> for U implies Into<U>for T
  • from is reflexive, which means that From<T> for T is implemented

Examples

String implements From<&str>:

let string = "hello".to_string();
let other_string = String::from("hello");

assert_eq!(string, other_string);

An example usage for error handling:

use std::io::{self, Read};
use std::num;

enum CliError {
    IoError(io::Error),
    ParseError(num::ParseIntError),
}

impl From<io::Error> for CliError {
    fn from(error: io::Error) -> Self {
        CliError::IoError(error)
    }
}

impl From<num::ParseIntError> for CliError {
    fn from(error: num::ParseIntError) -> Self {
        CliError::ParseError(error)
    }
}

fn open_and_parse_file(file_name: &str) -> Result<i32, CliError> {
    let mut file = std::fs::File::open("test")?;
    let mut contents = String::new();
    file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
    let num: i32 = contents.trim().parse()?;
    Ok(num)
}

Required Methods

Performs the conversion.

Implementations on Foreign Types

impl From<NulError> for Error
[src]

impl From<File> for Stdio
[src]

[src]

impl From<[u16; 8]> for IpAddr
[src]

[src]

impl From<String> for Box<Error + 'static + Send + Sync>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<OsString> for PathBuf
[src]

impl From<Box<CStr>> for CString
[src]

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<Error + 'a> where
    E: 'a + Error
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<CString> for Vec<u8>
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<W> From<IntoInnerError<W>> for Error
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Cow<'a, Path>
[src]

[src]

impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for Box<Error + 'static>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<PathBuf> for OsString
[src]

[src]

impl From<PathBuf> for Arc<Path>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Box<OsStr>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<[u8; 16]> for Ipv6Addr
[src]

[src]

impl From<[u8; 16]> for IpAddr
[src]

[src]

impl From<[u8; 4]> for IpAddr
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<SendError<T>> for TrySendError<T>
[src]

[src]

impl From<DefaultEnvKey> for OsString
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for PathBuf where
    T: AsRef<OsStr> + ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<Ipv4Addr> for IpAddr
[src]

[src]

impl From<Ipv6Addr> for IpAddr
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Mutex<T>
[src]

[src]

Creates a new mutex in an unlocked state ready for use. This is equivalent to Mutex::new.

impl<'a> From<PathBuf> for Cow<'a, Path>
[src]

[src]

impl From<u128> for Ipv6Addr
[src]

[src]

impl From<String> for PathBuf
[src]

impl From<RecvError> for TryRecvError
[src]

impl From<OsString> for Arc<OsStr>
[src]

impl From<Ipv6Addr> for u128
[src]

[src]

impl From<CString> for Box<CStr>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<ChildStderr> for Stdio
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, 'b> From<&'b str> for Box<Error + 'a + Send + Sync>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Arc<OsStr>
[src]

[src]

impl From<ErrorKind> for Error
[src]

Intended for use for errors not exposed to the user, where allocating onto the heap (for normal construction via Error::new) is too costly.

[src]

impl From<ChildStdin> for Stdio
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<Error + 'a + Send + Sync> where
    E: 'a + Error + Send + Sync
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<u32> for Ipv4Addr
[src]

[src]

It performs the conversion in network order (big-endian).

impl From<CString> for Arc<CStr>
[src]

impl<T> From<T> for RwLock<T>
[src]

[src]

Creates a new instance of an RwLock<T> which is unlocked. This is equivalent to RwLock::new.

impl From<String> for Box<Error + 'static>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<[u16; 8]> for Ipv6Addr
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for OsString where
    T: AsRef<OsStr> + ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<[u8; 4]> for Ipv4Addr
[src]

[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for CString
[src]

[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Box<Error + 'static>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<String> for OsString
[src]

impl From<SocketAddrV6> for SocketAddr
[src]

impl<T> From<PoisonError<T>> for TryLockError<T>
[src]

impl From<Box<Path>> for PathBuf
[src]

[src]

impl From<OsString> for Box<OsStr>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<RecvError> for RecvTimeoutError
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Arc<Path>
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, 'b> From<Cow<'b, str>> for Box<Error + 'a + Send + Sync>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<Ipv4Addr> for u32
[src]

[src]

It performs the conversion in network order (big-endian).

impl From<PathBuf> for Box<Path>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Box<Path>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for Arc<CStr>
[src]

[src]

impl<I> From<(I, u16)> for SocketAddr where
    I: Into<IpAddr>, 
[src]

[src]

impl From<Box<OsStr>> for OsString
[src]

[src]

impl From<SocketAddrV4> for SocketAddr
[src]

impl From<ChildStdout> for Stdio
[src]

[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for Box<CStr>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<i8> for AtomicI8
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Option<T>
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for u64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for usize
[src]

[src]

impl From<i32> for i64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for u128
[src]

[src]

impl From<i32> for AtomicI32
[src]

impl From<u16> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for u32
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for u64
[src]

[src]

impl From<i64> for AtomicI64
[src]

impl From<Infallible> for TryFromIntError
[src]

impl From<i8> for i32
[src]

[src]

impl From<i32> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for u16
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for i32
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<T> for UnsafeCell<T>
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<Unique<T>> for NonNull<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<i16> for AtomicI16
[src]

impl From<i8> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for i64
[src]

[src]

impl From<i64> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl From<i16> for i32
[src]

[src]

impl From<i8> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl From<isize> for AtomicIsize
[src]

impl From<u64> for AtomicU64
[src]

impl From<i16> for f32
[src]

[src]

impl From<i8> for isize
[src]

[src]

impl From<i16> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl From<f32> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for u32
[src]

[src]

impl From<u32> for u128
[src]

[src]

impl From<u32> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u64> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl From<i8> for i64
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for NonZero<*const T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u32> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for Unique<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u32> for u64
[src]

[src]

impl From<i8> for f32
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Cell<T>
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<*mut T> for AtomicPtr<T>
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for AtomicU16
[src]

impl From<u8> for f32
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for i16
[src]

[src]

impl From<u64> for u128
[src]

[src]

impl From<i16> for i64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for char
[src]

Maps a byte in 0x00...0xFF to a char whose code point has the same value, in U+0000 to U+00FF.

Unicode is designed such that this effectively decodes bytes with the character encoding that IANA calls ISO-8859-1. This encoding is compatible with ASCII.

Note that this is different from ISO/IEC 8859-1 a.k.a. ISO 8859-1 (with one less hyphen), which leaves some "blanks", byte values that are not assigned to any character. ISO-8859-1 (the IANA one) assigns them to the C0 and C1 control codes.

Note that this is also different from Windows-1252 a.k.a. code page 1252, which is a superset ISO/IEC 8859-1 that assigns some (not all!) blanks to punctuation and various Latin characters.

To confuse things further, on the Web ascii, iso-8859-1, and windows-1252 are all aliases for a superset of Windows-1252 that fills the remaining blanks with corresponding C0 and C1 control codes.

[src]

impl From<usize> for AtomicUsize
[src]

impl From<i32> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl From<i8> for i16
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for AtomicU8
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut T> for Unique<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for i32
[src]

[src]

impl From<u32> for i64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for u128
[src]

[src]

impl From<i16> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<NonNull<T>> for Unique<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut T> for NonZero<*const T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for i64
[src]

[src]

impl From<char> for u32
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for NonNull<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u16> for f32
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut T> for NonZero<*mut T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u32> for AtomicU32
[src]

impl From<u16> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut T> for NonNull<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for f64
[src]

[src]

impl From<u8> for i128
[src]

[src]

impl From<bool> for AtomicBool
[src]

impl From<Box<str>> for Box<[u8]>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Cow<'a, [T]> where
    T: Clone
[src]

[src]

impl From<Box<str>> for String
[src]

[src]

impl From<String> for Arc<str>
[src]

[src]

impl From<String> for Vec<u8>
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for BinaryHeap<T> where
    T: Ord
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut [T]> for Vec<T> where
    T: Clone
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Box<str>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Box<[T]>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Arc<[T]>
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Arc<T> where
    T: ?Sized
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<Cow<'a, [T]>> for Vec<T> where
    [T]: ToOwned,
    <[T] as ToOwned>::Owned == Vec<T>, 
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Arc<str>
[src]

[src]

impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for String
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for VecDeque<T>
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Box<[T]> where
    T: Copy
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl From<String> for Box<str>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<'a> From<String> for Cow<'a, str>
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Box<T>
[src]

Important traits for Box<W>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for String
[src]

[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Vec<u8>
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<T> From<VecDeque<T>> for Vec<T>
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<T> From<T> for Arc<T>
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Arc<[T]> where
    T: Clone
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<BinaryHeap<T>> for Vec<T>
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Cow<'a, str>
[src]

[src]

impl<T> From<Box<[T]>> for Vec<T>
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

impl<'a, T> From<Vec<T>> for Cow<'a, [T]> where
    T: Clone
[src]

[src]

impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Vec<T> where
    T: Clone
[src]

Important traits for Vec<u8>
[src]

Implementors