/*
==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--

Dia-Time

Copyright (C) 2018-2022, 2024  Anonymous

There are several releases over multiple years,
they are listed as ranges, such as: "2018-2022".

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--::--
*/

//! # Time

use {
    alloc::borrow::Cow,
    core::{
        cmp::Ordering,
        fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter},
        time::Duration,
    },
    crate::{Error, Month, Result as CrateResult, Weekday, month},
};

#[cfg(feature="lib-c")]
use core::ptr;

#[cfg(any(feature="std", all(feature="std", feature="lib-c")))]
use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};

/// # Year
pub type Year = i64;

/// # Day
pub type Day = u8;

/// # Hour
pub type Hour = u8;

/// # Minute
pub type Minute = u8;

/// # Second
pub type Second = u8;

/// # Unix Second
pub type UnixSecond = i64;

/// # GMT Offset
pub type GmtOffset = i32;

mod tests;

const MAX_GMT_OFFSET: GmtOffset = 14 * 3600;
const MIN_GMT_OFFSET: GmtOffset = -12 * 3600;

const ONE_YEAR: UnixSecond = (crate::DAY * 365) as UnixSecond;
const ONE_LEAP_YEAR: UnixSecond = (crate::DAY * 366) as UnixSecond;

const SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS: UnixSecond = 12_622_780_800;
const SECONDS_OF_1970_YEARS: UnixSecond = 62_167_219_200;

/// # Time
///
/// ## Notes
///
/// - Leap years are calculated by [Gregorian calendar][wiki:gregorian-calendar].
/// - Range of days: `[1..31]`.
/// - Range of hours: `[0..23]`.
/// - Range of minutes, seconds: `[0..59]`.
/// - Range of GMT offsets: `[-12:00..+14:00]` (in seconds).
///
/// [wiki:gregorian-calendar]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar
#[derive(Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Clone)]
pub struct Time {
    year: Year,
    month: Month,
    day: Day,
    weekday: Weekday,
    hour: Hour,
    minute: Minute,
    second: Second,
    gmt_offset: Option<GmtOffset>,
}

impl Time {

    /// # Makes new instance
    pub fn make(year: Year, month: Month, day: Day, hour: Hour, minute: Minute, second: Second, gmt_offset: Option<GmtOffset>)
    -> CrateResult<Self> {
        // Month & day
        if day == 0 || match month {
            Month::January | Month::March | Month::May | Month::July | Month::August | Month::October | Month::December => day > 31,
            Month::April | Month::June | Month::September | Month::November => day > 30,
            Month::February => day > if is_leap_year(year) {
                month::END_OF_FEBRUARY_IN_LEAP_YEARS
            } else {
                month::END_OF_FEBRUARY_IN_COMMON_YEARS
            },
        } {
            return Err(err!("Invalid day: {day} of {month}", day=day, month=month));
        }

        if hour > 23 {
            return Err(err!("Invalid hour: {hour}", hour=hour));
        }
        if minute > 59 {
            return Err(err!("Invalid minute: {minute}", minute=minute));
        }
        if second > 59 {
            return Err(err!("Invalid second: {second}", second=second));
        }

        if let Some(gmt_offset) = gmt_offset.as_ref() {
            if gmt_offset < &MIN_GMT_OFFSET || gmt_offset > &MAX_GMT_OFFSET {
                return Err(err!("Invalid GMT offset: {gmt_offset}", gmt_offset=gmt_offset));
            }
        }

        let mut result = Self {
            year, month, day,
            weekday: Weekday::Monday,
            hour, minute, second,
            gmt_offset,
        };
        result.weekday = {
            let tmp = result.try_into_unix_seconds()?
                .checked_add(gmt_offset.unwrap_or(0).into()).ok_or_else(|| err!())?
                .checked_abs().ok_or_else(|| err!())?;
            Weekday::try_from_unix((tmp / i64::try_from(crate::DAY).map_err(|_| err!())? + 4) % 7)?
        };
        Ok(result)
    }

    /// # Year
    pub const fn year(&self) -> Year {
        self.year
    }

    /// # Month
    pub const fn month(&self) -> Month {
        self.month
    }

    /// # Day
    pub const fn day(&self) -> Day {
        self.day
    }

    /// # Weekday
    pub const fn weekday(&self) -> Weekday {
        self.weekday
    }

    /// # Hour
    pub const fn hour(&self) -> Hour {
        self.hour
    }

    /// # Minute
    pub const fn minute(&self) -> Minute {
        self.minute
    }

    /// # Second
    pub const fn second(&self) -> Second {
        self.second
    }

    /// # GMT offset
    pub const fn gmt_offset(&self) -> Option<GmtOffset> {
        self.gmt_offset
    }

    /// # Makes current time in UTC
    #[cfg(feature="std")]
    pub fn make_utc() -> CrateResult<Self> {
        let (unix_seconds, is_positive) = match {
            SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).map(|d| d.as_secs()).map_err(|e| e.duration().as_secs())
        } {
            Ok(unix_seconds) => (unix_seconds, true),
            Err(unix_seconds) => (unix_seconds, false),
        };
        let unix_seconds = UnixSecond::try_from(unix_seconds).map_err(|_| err!("Failed to convert {} into UnixSecond", unix_seconds))?;
        try_unix_seconds_into_time(if is_positive { unix_seconds } else { -unix_seconds }, None)
    }

    /// # Converts self into UTC time
    pub fn try_into_utc(&self) -> CrateResult<Self> {
        match self.gmt_offset {
            None => Ok(self.clone()),
            Some(0) => Ok(Self {
                gmt_offset: None,
                ..*self
            }),
            Some(gmt_offset) => {
                let today_seconds = (crate::HOUR * u64::from(self.hour) + crate::MINUTE * u64::from(self.minute) + u64::from(self.second))
                    as GmtOffset;
                let seconds = today_seconds - gmt_offset;
                let (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) = if seconds < 0 {
                    let (year, month, day) = match self.day {
                        1 => {
                            let year = match self.month {
                                Month::January => self.year.checked_sub(1)
                                    .ok_or_else(|| err!("Failed to subtract '{year}' by 1", year=self.year))?,
                                _ => self.year,
                            };
                            let month = self.month.wrapping_last();
                            let day = month::last_day_of_month(&month, is_leap_year(year));
                            (year, month, day)
                        },
                        _ => (self.year, self.month, self.day - 1),
                    };
                    let (_, hour, minute, second) = crate::duration_to_dhms(&Duration::from_secs(crate::DAY - seconds.abs() as u64));
                    (year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
                } else if seconds < crate::DAY as GmtOffset {
                    let (_, hour, minute, second) = crate::duration_to_dhms(&Duration::from_secs(seconds as u64));
                    (self.year, self.month, self.day, hour, minute, second)
                } else {
                    let (year, month, day) = if self.day == month::last_day_of_month(&self.month, is_leap_year(self.year)) {
                        let year = match self.month {
                            Month::December => self.year.checked_add(1)
                                .ok_or_else(|| err!("Failed to add 1 to '{year}'", year=self.year))?,
                            _ => self.year,
                        };
                        (year, self.month.wrapping_next(), 1)
                    } else {
                        (self.year, self.month, self.day + 1)
                    };
                    let (_, hour, minute, second) = crate::duration_to_dhms(&Duration::from_secs(seconds as u64 - crate::DAY));
                    (year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
                };
                Self::make(year, month, day, hour as Hour, minute as Minute, second as Second, None)
            },
        }
    }

    /// # Checks if this is a UTC time
    pub fn is_utc(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(&self.gmt_offset, Some(0) | None)
    }

    /// # Makes current local time
    #[cfg(all(feature="std", feature="lib-c"))]
    pub fn make_local() -> CrateResult<Self> {
        let gmt_offset = load_gmt_offset()?;

        let (unix_seconds, is_positive) = match {
            SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).map(|d| d.as_secs()).map_err(|e| e.duration().as_secs())
        } {
            Ok(unix_seconds) => (unix_seconds, true),
            Err(unix_seconds) => (unix_seconds, false),
        };
        let unix_seconds = UnixSecond::try_from(unix_seconds).map_err(|_| err!("Failed to convert {} into UnixSecond", unix_seconds))?;
        try_unix_seconds_into_time(if is_positive { unix_seconds } else { -unix_seconds }, gmt_offset)
    }

    /// # Converts self into local time
    #[cfg(feature="lib-c")]
    pub fn try_into_local(&self) -> CrateResult<Self> {
        try_unix_seconds_into_time(self.try_into_unix_seconds()?, load_gmt_offset()?)
    }

    /// # Converts self into Unix seconds
    pub fn try_into_unix_seconds(&self) -> CrateResult<UnixSecond> {
        if self.year >= 0 {
            self.try_positive_time_into_unix_seconds()
        } else {
            self.try_negative_time_into_unix_seconds()
        }
    }

    /// # Tries to convert self (positive time) into Unix seconds
    fn try_positive_time_into_unix_seconds(&self) -> CrateResult<UnixSecond> {
        if self.year < 0 {
            return Err(err!("Year is negative"));
        }

        let mut unix_seconds = match (self.year / 400).checked_mul(SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS).map(|s|
            s.checked_sub(SECONDS_OF_1970_YEARS).map(|mut s| {
                for y in 0..self.year % 400 {
                    s = match s.checked_add(if is_leap_year(y) { ONE_LEAP_YEAR } else { ONE_YEAR }) {
                        Some(s) => s,
                        None => return None,
                    };
                }
                Some(s)
            })
        ) {
            Some(Some(Some(unix_seconds))) => unix_seconds,
            _ => return Err(err!("Year '{}' is too large", self.year))?,
        };

        let mut month = Month::January;
        let is_leap_year = is_leap_year(self.year);
        loop {
            if month < self.month {
                unix_seconds = unix_seconds.checked_add(month::seconds_of_month(&month, is_leap_year))
                    .ok_or_else(|| err!("Time is too large"))?;
                month = month.wrapping_next();
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }

        unix_seconds = match unix_seconds.checked_add((crate::DAY * u64::from(self.day - 1)) as UnixSecond).map(|s|
            s.checked_add((crate::HOUR * u64::from(self.hour)) as UnixSecond).map(|s|
                s.checked_add((crate::MINUTE * u64::from(self.minute)) as UnixSecond)
                    .map(|s| s.checked_add(self.second.into()))
            )
        ) {
            Some(Some(Some(Some(unix_seconds)))) => unix_seconds,
            _ => return Err(err!("Time is too large")),
        };

        if let Some(gmt_offset) = self.gmt_offset {
            unix_seconds = unix_seconds.checked_sub(gmt_offset.into()).ok_or_else(|| err!("Time is too small"))?;
        }

        Ok(unix_seconds)
    }

    /// # Tries to convert self (negative time) into Unix seconds
    fn try_negative_time_into_unix_seconds(&self) -> CrateResult<UnixSecond> {
        if self.year >= 0 {
            return Err(err!("Year is positive"));
        }

        let mut unix_seconds = match (self.year / 400).checked_mul(SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS).map(|s|
            s.checked_sub(SECONDS_OF_1970_YEARS).map(|mut s| {
                let remaining = (self.year % 400).abs();
                match remaining {
                    0 => s.checked_add(ONE_LEAP_YEAR),
                    _ => {
                        for y in 1..remaining {
                            s = match s.checked_sub(if is_leap_year(y) { ONE_LEAP_YEAR } else { ONE_YEAR }) {
                                Some(s) => s,
                                None => return None,
                            };
                        }
                        Some(s)
                    },
                }
            })
        ) {
            Some(Some(Some(unix_seconds))) => unix_seconds,
            _ => return Err(err!("Year '{}' is too small", self.year))?,
        };

        let mut month = Month::December;
        let is_leap_year = is_leap_year(self.year);
        loop {
            if month > self.month {
                unix_seconds = unix_seconds.checked_sub(month::seconds_of_month(&month, is_leap_year))
                    .ok_or_else(|| err!("Time is too small"))?;
                month = month.wrapping_last();
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }

        unix_seconds = match unix_seconds.checked_sub(
            month::seconds_of_month(&self.month, is_leap_year) - (crate::DAY * u64::from(self.day)) as UnixSecond
        ).map(|s| {
            let today_seconds = crate::HOUR * u64::from(self.hour) + crate::MINUTE * u64::from(self.minute) + u64::from(self.second);
            s.checked_sub((crate::DAY - today_seconds) as UnixSecond)
        }) {
            Some(Some(unix_seconds)) => unix_seconds,
            _ => return Err(err!("Time is too small")),
        };

        if let Some(gmt_offset) = self.gmt_offset {
            unix_seconds = unix_seconds.checked_sub(gmt_offset.into()).ok_or_else(|| err!("Time is too small"))?;
        }

        Ok(unix_seconds)
    }

}

impl PartialEq for Time {

    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.cmp(other) == Ordering::Equal
    }

}

impl Ord for Time {

    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        let self_seconds = match self.year.checked_sub(other.year) {
            Some(0) => match self.month.to_unix() - other.month.to_unix() {
                0 => match self.day as i8 - other.day as i8 {
                    0 => 0 as GmtOffset,
                    -1 => -(crate::DAY as GmtOffset),
                    1 => crate::DAY as GmtOffset,
                    other => return if other > 0 { Ordering::Greater } else { Ordering::Less },
                },
                month_delta => {
                    let is_leap_year = is_leap_year(self.year);
                    match month_delta {
                        -1 => if month::last_day_of_month(&self.month, is_leap_year) == self.day && other.day == 1 {
                            -(crate::DAY as GmtOffset)
                        } else {
                            return Ordering::Less;
                        },
                        1 => if self.day == 1 && month::last_day_of_month(&other.month, is_leap_year) == other.day {
                            crate::DAY as GmtOffset
                        } else {
                            return Ordering::Greater;
                        },
                        other => return if other > 0 { Ordering::Greater } else { Ordering::Less },
                    }
                },
            },
            Some(1) => match (self.month, self.day, other.month, other.day) {
                (Month::January, 1, Month::December, 31) => crate::DAY as GmtOffset,
                _ => return Ordering::Greater,
            },
            Some(-1) => match (self.month, self.day, other.month, other.day) {
                (Month::December, 31, Month::January, 1) => -(crate::DAY as GmtOffset),
                _ => return Ordering::Less,
            },
            _ => return self.year.cmp(&other.year),
        };

        let self_seconds = self_seconds
            + (crate::HOUR * u64::from(self.hour) + crate::MINUTE * u64::from(self.minute) + u64::from(self.second)) as GmtOffset
            - self.gmt_offset.unwrap_or(0);
        let other_seconds =
            (crate::HOUR * u64::from(other.hour) + crate::MINUTE * u64::from(other.minute) + u64::from(other.second)) as GmtOffset
            - other.gmt_offset.unwrap_or(0);
        self_seconds.cmp(&other_seconds)
    }

}

impl TryFrom<&Time> for Duration {

    type Error = Error;

    fn try_from(time: &Time) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let unix_seconds = time.try_into_unix_seconds()?;
        u64::try_from(unix_seconds).map(|s| Duration::from_secs(s)).map_err(|_| err!(
            "Failed to convert '{unix_seconds}' into u64",
            unix_seconds=unix_seconds,
        ))
    }

}

impl TryFrom<Time> for Duration {

    type Error = Error;

    fn try_from(time: Time) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(&time)
    }

}

impl TryFrom<&Duration> for Time {

    type Error = Error;

    fn try_from(duration: &Duration) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        try_duration_into_time(duration, None)
    }

}

impl TryFrom<Duration> for Time {

    type Error = Error;

    fn try_from(duration: Duration) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(&duration)
    }

}

#[cfg(feature="std")]
impl TryFrom<&SystemTime> for Time {

    type Error = Error;

    fn try_from(system_time: &SystemTime) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        match system_time.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH) {
            Ok(duration) => Self::try_from(duration),
            Err(err) => Err(err!(
                "Failed calculating duration of {system_time:?} since UNIX Epoch: {err}",
                system_time=system_time, err=err,
            )),
        }
    }

}

#[cfg(feature="std")]
impl TryFrom<SystemTime> for Time {

    type Error = Error;

    fn try_from(system_time: SystemTime) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        Self::try_from(&system_time)
    }

}

impl Debug for Time {

    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
        let month = match self.month {
            Month::January => 1,
            Month::February => 2,
            Month::March => 3,
            Month::April => 4,
            Month::May => 5,
            Month::June => 6,
            Month::July => 7,
            Month::August => 8,
            Month::September => 9,
            Month::October => 10,
            Month::November => 11,
            Month::December => 12,
        };
        let gmt_offset = match self.gmt_offset {
            Some(gmt_offset) if gmt_offset != 0 => {
                let hour = gmt_offset / crate::HOUR as GmtOffset;
                let minute = ((gmt_offset - (hour * crate::HOUR as GmtOffset)) / crate::MINUTE as GmtOffset).abs();
                Cow::Owned(format!(
                    "[{sign}{hour:02}:{minute:02}]",
                    sign=if gmt_offset >= 0 { concat!('+') } else { concat!() }, hour=hour, minute=minute,
                ))
            },
            _ => Cow::Borrowed("UTC"),
        };
        write!(
            f,
            "{year:04}-{month:02}-{day:02} {hour:02}:{minute:02}:{second:02} {gmt_offset}",
            year=self.year, month=month, day=self.day, hour=self.hour, minute=self.minute, second=self.second, gmt_offset=gmt_offset,
        )
    }

}

/// # Loads GMT offset
#[cfg(feature="lib-c")]
fn load_gmt_offset() -> CrateResult<Option<GmtOffset>> {
    match unsafe {
        libc::time(ptr::null_mut())
    } {
        -1 => Err(err!("libc::time() returned -1")),
        time => {
            let mut tm = libc::tm {
                tm_year: 0, tm_mon: 0, tm_mday: 0,
                tm_hour: 0, tm_min: 0, tm_sec: 0,
                tm_wday: 0, tm_yday: 0, tm_isdst: 0, tm_gmtoff: 0,
                #[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd"))]
                tm_zone: ptr::null_mut(),
                #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd")))]
                tm_zone: ptr::null(),
            };
            if unsafe {
                // NOTE: calling localtime_r(&0, ...) will return wrong GMT offset!
                libc::localtime_r(&time, &mut tm).is_null()
            } {
                return Err(err!("libc::localtime_r() returned null"));
            }
            match tm.tm_gmtoff {
                0 => Ok(None),
                _ => Ok(Some(GmtOffset::try_from(tm.tm_gmtoff).map_err(|_| err!("Invalid Unix GMT offset: {}", tm.tm_gmtoff))?)),
            }
        },
    }
}

/// # Tries to convert a value of Unix seconds into time
pub fn try_unix_seconds_into_time(unix_seconds: UnixSecond, gmt_offset: Option<GmtOffset>) -> CrateResult<Time> {
    let unix_seconds = match gmt_offset {
        Some(gmt_offset) => unix_seconds.checked_add(gmt_offset.into()).ok_or_else(|| err!(
            "Failed adding GMT offset '{gmt_offset}' to Unix seconds '{unix_seconds}'", gmt_offset=gmt_offset, unix_seconds=unix_seconds,
        ))?,
        None => unix_seconds,
    };

    fn try_positive(all_seconds: UnixSecond, gmt_offset: Option<GmtOffset>) -> CrateResult<Time> {
        let mut year = all_seconds / SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS * 400;
        let mut all_seconds = all_seconds % SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS;
        loop {
            let one_year = if is_leap_year(year) { ONE_LEAP_YEAR } else { ONE_YEAR };
            match all_seconds.checked_sub(one_year) {
                Some(new_secs) if new_secs >= 0 => {
                    year += 1;
                    all_seconds = new_secs;
                },
                _ => break,
            };
        }

        let (month, day, hour, minute, second) = month_day_hour_minute_second(is_leap_year(year), all_seconds);
        Time::make(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, gmt_offset)
    }

    fn try_negative(all_seconds: UnixSecond, gmt_offset: Option<GmtOffset>) -> CrateResult<Time> {
        let mut year = (all_seconds / SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS * 400).checked_sub(1).ok_or_else(|| err!("Failed to calculating year"))?;
        let mut all_seconds = all_seconds % SECONDS_OF_400_YEARS;
        loop {
            let one_year = if is_leap_year(year) { ONE_LEAP_YEAR } else { ONE_YEAR };
            match all_seconds.checked_add(one_year) {
                Some(new_secs) if new_secs <= 0 => {
                    year -= 1;
                    all_seconds = new_secs;
                },
                _ => break,
            };
        }

        let is_leap_year = is_leap_year(year);
        all_seconds += if is_leap_year { ONE_LEAP_YEAR } else { ONE_YEAR };
        let (month, day, hour, minute, second) = month_day_hour_minute_second(is_leap_year, all_seconds);
        Time::make(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, gmt_offset)
    }

    fn month_day_hour_minute_second(is_leap_year: bool, mut all_seconds: UnixSecond) -> (Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second) {
        let mut month = Month::January;
        loop {
            match all_seconds.checked_sub(month::seconds_of_month(&month, is_leap_year)) {
                Some(new_secs) if new_secs >= 0 => {
                    month = month.wrapping_next();
                    all_seconds = new_secs;
                },
                _ => break,
            };
        }

        let day = ((all_seconds / crate::DAY as UnixSecond) + 1) as Day;
        let all_seconds = all_seconds % crate::DAY as UnixSecond;

        let hour = (all_seconds / crate::HOUR as UnixSecond) as Hour;
        let all_seconds = all_seconds % crate::HOUR as UnixSecond;

        let minute = (all_seconds / crate::MINUTE as UnixSecond) as Minute;
        let second = (all_seconds % crate::MINUTE as UnixSecond) as Second;

        (month, day, hour, minute, second)
    }

    let all_seconds = unix_seconds.checked_add(SECONDS_OF_1970_YEARS)
        .ok_or_else(|| err!("Failed transforming Unix seconds: {}", unix_seconds))?;
    if all_seconds >= 0 {
        try_positive(all_seconds, gmt_offset)
    } else {
        try_negative(all_seconds, gmt_offset)
    }
}

/// # Tries to convert a duration into time
fn try_duration_into_time(duration: &Duration, gmt_offset: Option<GmtOffset>) -> CrateResult<Time> {
    let unix_seconds = duration.as_secs();
    let unix_seconds = UnixSecond::try_from(unix_seconds)
        .map_err(|_| err!("Failed to convert {} into UnixSecond", unix_seconds))?;
    try_unix_seconds_into_time(unix_seconds, gmt_offset)
}

/// # Tries to convert a duration into local time
#[cfg(feature="lib-c")]
pub fn try_duration_into_local_time(duration: &Duration) -> CrateResult<Time> {
    try_duration_into_time(duration, load_gmt_offset()?)
}

/// # Checks if a year is leap
fn is_leap_year(year: Year) -> bool {
    match year % 4 {
        0 => match year % 100 {
            0 => year % 400 == 0,
            _ => true,
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}