dear_imgui_wgpu/renderer/

mod.rs

//! Main WGPU renderer implementation
//!
//! This module contains the main WgpuRenderer struct and its implementation,
//! following the pattern from imgui_impl_wgpu.cpp
//!
//! Texture Updates Flow (ImGui 1.92+)
//! - During `Context::render()`, Dear ImGui emits a list of textures to be processed in
//!   `DrawData::textures()` (see `dear_imgui_rs::render::DrawData::textures`). Each item is an
//!   `ImTextureData*` with a `Status` field:
//!   - `WantCreate`: create a GPU texture, upload all pixels, set `TexID`, then set status `OK`.
//!   - `WantUpdates`: upload `UpdateRect` (and any queued rects) then set `OK`.
//!   - `WantDestroy`: schedule/destroy GPU texture; if unused for some frames, set `Destroyed`.
//! - This backend honors these transitions in its texture module; users can simply pass
//!   `&mut TextureData` to UI/draw calls and let the backend handle the rest.

use crate::GammaMode;
use crate::{
    FrameResources, RenderResources, RendererError, RendererResult, ShaderManager, Uniforms,
    WgpuBackendData, WgpuInitInfo, WgpuTextureManager,
};
use dear_imgui_rs::{BackendFlags, Context, render::DrawData, sys};
#[cfg(feature = "mv-log")]
use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock};
use wgpu::*;

// Debug logging helper (off by default). Enable by building this crate with
// `--features mv-log` to see multi-viewport renderer traces.
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! mvlog {
    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
        if cfg!(feature = "mv-log") { eprintln!($($arg)*); }
    }
}
/// Main WGPU renderer for Dear ImGui

///
/// This corresponds to the main renderer functionality in imgui_impl_wgpu.cpp
pub struct WgpuRenderer {
    /// Backend data
    backend_data: Option<WgpuBackendData>,
    /// Shader manager
    shader_manager: ShaderManager,
    /// Texture manager
    texture_manager: WgpuTextureManager,
    /// Default texture for fallback
    default_texture: Option<TextureView>,
    /// Gamma mode: automatic (by format), force linear (1.0), or force 2.2
    gamma_mode: GammaMode,
    /// Clear color used for secondary viewports (multi-viewport mode)
    #[cfg(any(feature = "multi-viewport-winit", feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3"))]
    viewport_clear_color: Color,
}

impl WgpuRenderer {
    /// Create a new WGPU renderer with full initialization (recommended)
    ///
    /// This is the preferred way to create a WGPU renderer as it ensures proper
    /// initialization order and is consistent with other backends.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `init_info` - WGPU initialization information (device, queue, format)
    /// * `imgui_ctx` - Dear ImGui context to configure
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use dear_imgui_rs::Context;
    /// use dear_imgui_wgpu::{WgpuRenderer, WgpuInitInfo};
    ///
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), dear_imgui_wgpu::RendererError> {
    /// # let (device, queue) = todo!("initialize a WGPU Device/Queue");
    /// # let surface_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb;
    /// # let mut imgui_context = Context::create();
    /// let init_info = WgpuInitInfo::new(device, queue, surface_format);
    /// let mut renderer = WgpuRenderer::new(init_info, &mut imgui_context)?;
    /// # Ok(()) }
    /// ```
    pub fn new(init_info: WgpuInitInfo, imgui_ctx: &mut Context) -> RendererResult<Self> {
        // Native and wasm experimental path: fully configure context, including font atlas.
        #[cfg(any(
            not(target_arch = "wasm32"),
            all(target_arch = "wasm32", feature = "wasm-font-atlas-experimental")
        ))]
        {
            let mut renderer = Self::empty();
            renderer.init_with_context(init_info, imgui_ctx)?;
            Ok(renderer)
        }

        // Default wasm path: skip font atlas manipulation for safety.
        #[cfg(all(target_arch = "wasm32", not(feature = "wasm-font-atlas-experimental")))]
        {
            Self::new_without_font_atlas(init_info, imgui_ctx)
        }
    }

    /// Create an empty WGPU renderer for advanced usage
    ///
    /// This creates an uninitialized renderer that must be initialized later
    /// using `init_with_context()`. Most users should use `new()` instead.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use dear_imgui_rs::Context;
    /// use dear_imgui_wgpu::{WgpuRenderer, WgpuInitInfo};
    ///
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), dear_imgui_wgpu::RendererError> {
    /// # let (device, queue) = todo!("initialize a WGPU Device/Queue");
    /// # let surface_format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8UnormSrgb;
    /// # let mut imgui_context = Context::create();
    /// let mut renderer = WgpuRenderer::empty();
    /// let init_info = WgpuInitInfo::new(device, queue, surface_format);
    /// renderer.init_with_context(init_info, &mut imgui_context)?;
    /// # Ok(()) }
    /// ```
    pub fn empty() -> Self {
        Self {
            backend_data: None,
            shader_manager: ShaderManager::new(),
            texture_manager: WgpuTextureManager::new(),
            default_texture: None,
            gamma_mode: GammaMode::Auto,
            #[cfg(any(feature = "multi-viewport-winit", feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3"))]
            viewport_clear_color: Color::BLACK,
        }
    }

    /// Initialize the renderer
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_Init in the C++ implementation
    pub fn init(&mut self, init_info: WgpuInitInfo) -> RendererResult<()> {
        // Create backend data
        let mut backend_data = WgpuBackendData::new(init_info);

        // Preflight: ensure the render target format is render-attachable and blendable.
        // The ImGui pipeline always uses alpha blending; non-blendable formats will
        // fail validation later with less actionable errors.
        let fmt = backend_data.render_target_format;
        if let Some(adapter) = backend_data.adapter.as_ref() {
            let fmt_features = adapter.get_texture_format_features(fmt);
            if !fmt_features
                .allowed_usages
                .contains(wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT)
                || !fmt_features
                    .flags
                    .contains(wgpu::TextureFormatFeatureFlags::BLENDABLE)
            {
                return Err(RendererError::InvalidRenderState(format!(
                    "Render target format {:?} is not suitable for ImGui WGPU renderer (requires RENDER_ATTACHMENT + BLENDABLE). allowed_usages={:?} flags={:?}",
                    fmt, fmt_features.allowed_usages, fmt_features.flags
                )));
            }
        }

        // Initialize render resources
        backend_data
            .render_resources
            .initialize(&backend_data.device)?;

        // Initialize shaders
        self.shader_manager.initialize(&backend_data.device)?;

        // Create default texture (1x1 white pixel)
        let default_texture =
            self.create_default_texture(&backend_data.device, &backend_data.queue)?;
        self.default_texture = Some(default_texture);

        // Create device objects (pipeline, etc.)
        self.create_device_objects(&mut backend_data)?;

        self.backend_data = Some(backend_data);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Initialize the renderer with ImGui context configuration (without font atlas for WASM)
    ///
    /// This is a variant of init_with_context that skips font atlas preparation,
    /// useful for WASM builds where font atlas memory sharing is problematic.
    pub fn new_without_font_atlas(
        init_info: WgpuInitInfo,
        imgui_ctx: &mut Context,
    ) -> RendererResult<Self> {
        let mut renderer = Self::empty();

        // First initialize the renderer
        renderer.init(init_info)?;

        // Then configure the ImGui context with backend capabilities
        renderer.configure_imgui_context(imgui_ctx);

        // Skip font atlas preparation for WASM
        // The default font will be used automatically by Dear ImGui

        Ok(renderer)
    }

    /// Initialize the renderer with ImGui context configuration
    ///
    /// This is a convenience method that combines init() and configure_imgui_context()
    /// to ensure proper initialization order, similar to the glow backend approach.
    pub fn init_with_context(
        &mut self,
        init_info: WgpuInitInfo,
        imgui_ctx: &mut Context,
    ) -> RendererResult<()> {
        // First initialize the renderer
        self.init(init_info)?;

        // Then configure the ImGui context with backend capabilities
        // This must be done BEFORE preparing the font atlas
        self.configure_imgui_context(imgui_ctx);

        // Finally prepare the font atlas
        self.prepare_font_atlas(imgui_ctx)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Set gamma mode
    pub fn set_gamma_mode(&mut self, mode: GammaMode) {
        self.gamma_mode = mode;
    }

    /// Set clear color for secondary viewports (multi-viewport mode).
    ///
    /// This color is used as the load/clear color when rendering ImGui-created
    /// platform windows via `RenderPlatformWindowsDefault`. It is independent
    /// from whatever clear color your main swapchain uses.
    #[cfg(any(feature = "multi-viewport-winit", feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3"))]
    pub fn set_viewport_clear_color(&mut self, color: Color) {
        self.viewport_clear_color = color;
    }

    /// Get current clear color for secondary viewports.
    #[cfg(any(feature = "multi-viewport-winit", feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3"))]
    pub fn viewport_clear_color(&self) -> Color {
        self.viewport_clear_color
    }

    /// Configure Dear ImGui context with WGPU backend capabilities
    pub fn configure_imgui_context(&self, imgui_context: &mut Context) {
        let should_set_name = imgui_context.io().backend_renderer_name().is_none();
        if should_set_name {
            let _ = imgui_context.set_renderer_name(Some(format!(
                "dear-imgui-wgpu {}",
                env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
            )));
        }

        let io = imgui_context.io_mut();
        let mut flags = io.backend_flags();

        // Set WGPU renderer capabilities
        // We can honor the ImDrawCmd::VtxOffset field, allowing for large meshes.
        flags.insert(BackendFlags::RENDERER_HAS_VTX_OFFSET);
        // We can honor ImGuiPlatformIO::Textures[] requests during render.
        flags.insert(BackendFlags::RENDERER_HAS_TEXTURES);

        #[cfg(any(feature = "multi-viewport-winit", feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3"))]
        {
            // We can render additional platform windows
            flags.insert(BackendFlags::RENDERER_HAS_VIEWPORTS);
        }

        io.set_backend_flags(flags);
    }

    /// Prepare font atlas for rendering
    pub fn prepare_font_atlas(&mut self, imgui_ctx: &mut Context) -> RendererResult<()> {
        if let Some(backend_data) = &self.backend_data {
            let device = backend_data.device.clone();
            let queue = backend_data.queue.clone();
            self.reload_font_texture(imgui_ctx, &device, &queue)?;
            if imgui_ctx
                .io()
                .backend_flags()
                .contains(BackendFlags::RENDERER_HAS_TEXTURES)
            {
                // New backend texture system: font textures are produced via DrawData::textures()
                // requests; do not assign a legacy TexID.
                return Ok(());
            }

            // Legacy fallback: only upload when the atlas does not already resolve to a live
            // WGPU texture. This keeps the backend idempotent without carrying a separate
            // renderer-side font texture cache now that the managed ImTextureData path is the
            // primary mode.
            let mut tex_ref = imgui_ctx.font_atlas().get_tex_ref();
            let existing_tex_id = unsafe { sys::ImTextureRef_GetTexID(&mut tex_ref) };
            let has_live_font_texture =
                existing_tex_id != 0 && self.texture_manager.contains_texture(existing_tex_id);

            if !has_live_font_texture
                && let Some(tex_id) =
                    self.try_upload_font_atlas_legacy(imgui_ctx, &device, &queue)?
                && cfg!(debug_assertions)
            {
                tracing::debug!(
                    target: "dear-imgui-wgpu",
                    "[dear-imgui-wgpu][debug] Font atlas uploaded via legacy fallback path. tex_id={}",
                    tex_id
                );
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    // create_device_objects moved to renderer/pipeline.rs

    /// Create a default 1x1 white texture
    fn create_default_texture(
        &self,
        device: &Device,
        queue: &Queue,
    ) -> RendererResult<TextureView> {
        let texture = device.create_texture(&TextureDescriptor {
            label: Some("Dear ImGui Default Texture"),
            size: Extent3d {
                width: 1,
                height: 1,
                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
            },
            mip_level_count: 1,
            sample_count: 1,
            dimension: TextureDimension::D2,
            format: TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
            usage: TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
            view_formats: &[],
        });

        // Upload white pixel
        queue.write_texture(
            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
                texture: &texture,
                mip_level: 0,
                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
            },
            &[255u8, 255u8, 255u8, 255u8], // RGBA white
            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
                offset: 0,
                bytes_per_row: Some(4),
                rows_per_image: Some(1),
            },
            Extent3d {
                width: 1,
                height: 1,
                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
            },
        );

        Ok(texture.create_view(&TextureViewDescriptor::default()))
    }

    /// Load font texture from Dear ImGui context
    ///
    /// With the new texture management system in Dear ImGui 1.92+, font textures are
    /// automatically managed through ImDrawData->Textures[] during rendering.
    /// However, we need to ensure the font atlas is built and ready before the first render.
    // reload_font_texture moved to renderer/font_atlas.rs

    /// Legacy/fallback path: upload font atlas texture immediately and assign TexID.
    /// Returns Some(tex_id) on success, None if texdata is unavailable.
    // try_upload_font_atlas_legacy moved to renderer/font_atlas.rs

    /// Get the texture manager
    pub fn texture_manager(&self) -> &WgpuTextureManager {
        &self.texture_manager
    }

    /// Get the texture manager mutably
    pub fn texture_manager_mut(&mut self) -> &mut WgpuTextureManager {
        &mut self.texture_manager
    }

    /// Check if the renderer is initialized
    pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
        self.backend_data.is_some()
    }

    /// Update a single texture manually
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_UpdateTexture in the C++ implementation.
    /// Use this when you need precise control over texture update timing.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// Returns a `TextureUpdateResult` that contains any status/ID updates that need
    /// to be applied to the texture data. This follows Rust's principle of explicit
    /// state management.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// # use dear_imgui_wgpu::*;
    /// # fn example() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    /// # // Assume `renderer` has already been created and initialized elsewhere.
    /// # let mut renderer: WgpuRenderer = todo!();
    /// # let mut texture_data = dear_imgui_rs::TextureData::new();
    /// let result = renderer.update_texture(&texture_data)?;
    /// result.apply_to(&mut texture_data);
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn update_texture(
        &mut self,
        texture_data: &dear_imgui_rs::TextureData,
    ) -> RendererResult<crate::TextureUpdateResult> {
        if let Some(backend_data) = &mut self.backend_data {
            let result = self.texture_manager.update_single_texture(
                texture_data,
                &backend_data.device,
                &backend_data.queue,
            )?;

            // Invalidate any cached bind groups for this texture id so that subsequent
            // draws will see the updated texture view.
            match result {
                crate::TextureUpdateResult::Created { texture_id } => {
                    backend_data
                        .render_resources
                        .remove_image_bind_group(texture_id.id());
                }
                crate::TextureUpdateResult::Updated | crate::TextureUpdateResult::Destroyed => {
                    let id = texture_data.tex_id().id();
                    if id != 0 {
                        backend_data.render_resources.remove_image_bind_group(id);
                    }
                }
                crate::TextureUpdateResult::Failed | crate::TextureUpdateResult::NoAction => {}
            }

            Ok(result)
        } else {
            Err(RendererError::InvalidRenderState(
                "Renderer not initialized".to_string(),
            ))
        }
    }

    /// Called every frame to prepare for rendering
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_NewFrame in the C++ implementation
    pub fn new_frame(&mut self) -> RendererResult<()> {
        let needs_recreation = if let Some(backend_data) = &self.backend_data {
            backend_data.pipeline_state.is_none()
        } else {
            false
        };

        if needs_recreation {
            // Extract the backend data temporarily to avoid borrow checker issues
            let mut backend_data = self.backend_data.take().unwrap();
            self.create_device_objects(&mut backend_data)?;
            self.backend_data = Some(backend_data);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Render Dear ImGui draw data
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_RenderDrawData in the C++ implementation
    pub fn render_draw_data(
        &mut self,
        draw_data: &DrawData,
        render_pass: &mut RenderPass,
    ) -> RendererResult<()> {
        // Early out if nothing to draw (avoid binding/drawing without buffers)
        let mut total_vtx_count = 0usize;
        let mut total_idx_count = 0usize;
        for dl in draw_data.draw_lists() {
            total_vtx_count += dl.vtx_buffer().len();
            total_idx_count += dl.idx_buffer().len();
        }
        if total_vtx_count == 0 || total_idx_count == 0 {
            return Ok(());
        }

        let backend_data = self.backend_data.as_mut().ok_or_else(|| {
            RendererError::InvalidRenderState("Renderer not initialized".to_string())
        })?;

        // Avoid rendering when minimized
        let fb_width = (draw_data.display_size[0] * draw_data.framebuffer_scale[0]) as i32;
        let fb_height = (draw_data.display_size[1] * draw_data.framebuffer_scale[1]) as i32;
        if fb_width <= 0 || fb_height <= 0 || !draw_data.valid() {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.texture_manager.handle_texture_updates(
            draw_data,
            &backend_data.device,
            &backend_data.queue,
            &mut backend_data.render_resources,
        );

        // Advance to next frame
        backend_data.next_frame();

        // Prepare frame resources
        Self::prepare_frame_resources_static(draw_data, backend_data)?;

        // Compute gamma based on renderer mode
        let gamma = match self.gamma_mode {
            GammaMode::Auto => Uniforms::gamma_for_format(backend_data.render_target_format),
            GammaMode::Linear => 1.0,
            GammaMode::Gamma22 => 2.2,
        };

        // Setup render state
        Self::setup_render_state_static(draw_data, render_pass, backend_data, gamma)?;
        // Override viewport to the provided framebuffer size to avoid partial viewport issues
        render_pass.set_viewport(0.0, 0.0, fb_width as f32, fb_height as f32, 0.0, 1.0);

        // Setup render state structure (for callbacks and custom texture bindings)
        // Note: We need to be careful with lifetimes here, so we'll set it just before rendering
        // and clear it immediately after
        unsafe {
            // Use _Nil variant as our bindings export it
            let platform_io = dear_imgui_rs::sys::igGetPlatformIO_Nil();

            // Create a temporary render state structure
            let mut render_state = crate::WgpuRenderState::new(&backend_data.device, render_pass);

            // Set the render state pointer
            (*platform_io).Renderer_RenderState =
                &mut render_state as *mut _ as *mut std::ffi::c_void;

            // Render draw lists with the render state exposed
            let result = Self::render_draw_lists_static(
                &mut self.texture_manager,
                &self.default_texture,
                draw_data,
                render_pass,
                backend_data,
                gamma,
            );

            // Clear the render state pointer
            (*platform_io).Renderer_RenderState = std::ptr::null_mut();

            if let Err(e) = result {
                eprintln!("[wgpu-mv] render_draw_lists_static error: {:?}", e);
                return Err(e);
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn render_draw_data_with_fb_size(
        &mut self,
        draw_data: &DrawData,
        render_pass: &mut RenderPass,
        fb_width: u32,
        fb_height: u32,
    ) -> RendererResult<()> {
        // Public helper used by the main window: advance frame resources as usual.
        self.render_draw_data_with_fb_size_ex(draw_data, render_pass, fb_width, fb_height, true)
    }

    /// Internal variant that optionally skips advancing the frame index.
    ///
    /// When `advance_frame` is `false`, we reuse the current frame resources.
    fn render_draw_data_with_fb_size_ex(
        &mut self,
        draw_data: &DrawData,
        render_pass: &mut RenderPass,
        fb_width: u32,
        fb_height: u32,
        advance_frame: bool,
    ) -> RendererResult<()> {
        // Log only when the override framebuffer size doesn't match the draw data scale.
        // This helps diagnose HiDPI/viewport scaling issues without spamming per-frame traces.
        #[cfg(feature = "mv-log")]
        {
            static LAST_MISMATCH: OnceLock<Mutex<Option<(u32, u32, u32, u32, bool)>>> =
                OnceLock::new();
            let last = LAST_MISMATCH.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(None));
            let expected_w = (draw_data.display_size()[0] * draw_data.framebuffer_scale()[0])
                .round()
                .max(0.0) as u32;
            let expected_h = (draw_data.display_size()[1] * draw_data.framebuffer_scale()[1])
                .round()
                .max(0.0) as u32;
            if expected_w != fb_width || expected_h != fb_height {
                let key = (expected_w, expected_h, fb_width, fb_height, advance_frame);
                let mut guard = last.lock().unwrap();
                if *guard != Some(key) {
                    mvlog!(
                        "[wgpu-mv] fb mismatch expected=({}, {}) override=({}, {}) disp=({:.1},{:.1}) fb_scale=({:.2},{:.2}) main={}",
                        expected_w,
                        expected_h,
                        fb_width,
                        fb_height,
                        draw_data.display_size()[0],
                        draw_data.display_size()[1],
                        draw_data.framebuffer_scale()[0],
                        draw_data.framebuffer_scale()[1],
                        advance_frame
                    );
                    *guard = Some(key);
                }
            }
        }
        let total_vtx_count: usize = draw_data.draw_lists().map(|dl| dl.vtx_buffer().len()).sum();
        let total_idx_count: usize = draw_data.draw_lists().map(|dl| dl.idx_buffer().len()).sum();
        if total_vtx_count == 0 || total_idx_count == 0 {
            return Ok(());
        }
        let backend_data = self.backend_data.as_mut().ok_or_else(|| {
            RendererError::InvalidRenderState("Renderer not initialized".to_string())
        })?;

        // Skip if invalid/minimized
        if fb_width == 0 || fb_height == 0 || !draw_data.valid() {
            return Ok(());
        }

        self.texture_manager.handle_texture_updates(
            draw_data,
            &backend_data.device,
            &backend_data.queue,
            &mut backend_data.render_resources,
        );

        if advance_frame {
            backend_data.next_frame();
        }
        Self::prepare_frame_resources_static(draw_data, backend_data)?;

        let gamma = match self.gamma_mode {
            GammaMode::Auto => Uniforms::gamma_for_format(backend_data.render_target_format),
            GammaMode::Linear => 1.0,
            GammaMode::Gamma22 => 2.2,
        };

        Self::setup_render_state_static(draw_data, render_pass, backend_data, gamma)?;

        unsafe {
            let platform_io = dear_imgui_rs::sys::igGetPlatformIO_Nil();
            let mut render_state = crate::WgpuRenderState::new(&backend_data.device, render_pass);
            (*platform_io).Renderer_RenderState =
                &mut render_state as *mut _ as *mut std::ffi::c_void;

            // Reuse core routine but clamp scissor by overriding framebuffer bounds.
            // Extract common bind group handles up front to avoid borrowing conflicts with render_resources.
            let device = backend_data.device.clone();
            let (common_layout, uniform_buffer, default_common_bg) = {
                let ub = backend_data
                    .render_resources
                    .uniform_buffer()
                    .ok_or_else(|| {
                        RendererError::InvalidRenderState(
                            "Uniform buffer not initialized".to_string(),
                        )
                    })?;
                (
                    ub.bind_group_layout().clone(),
                    ub.buffer().clone(),
                    ub.bind_group().clone(),
                )
            };
            let mut current_sampler_id: Option<u64> = None;

            let mut global_idx_offset: u32 = 0;
            let mut global_vtx_offset: i32 = 0;
            let clip_off = draw_data.display_pos();
            let clip_scale = draw_data.framebuffer_scale();
            let fbw = fb_width as f32;
            let fbh = fb_height as f32;

            for draw_list in draw_data.draw_lists() {
                let vtx_buffer = draw_list.vtx_buffer();
                let idx_buffer = draw_list.idx_buffer();
                for cmd in draw_list.commands() {
                    match cmd {
                        dear_imgui_rs::render::DrawCmd::Elements {
                            count,
                            cmd_params,
                            raw_cmd,
                        } => {
                            // Texture bind group resolution mirrors render_draw_lists_static
                            // Resolve effective ImTextureID using raw_cmd (modern texture path)
                            let mut cmd_copy = *raw_cmd;
                            let tex_id =
                                dear_imgui_rs::sys::ImDrawCmd_GetTexID(&mut cmd_copy) as u64;

                            // Switch common bind group (sampler) if this texture uses a custom sampler.
                            let desired_sampler_id = if tex_id == 0 {
                                None
                            } else {
                                self.texture_manager.custom_sampler_id_for_texture(tex_id)
                            };
                            if desired_sampler_id != current_sampler_id {
                                if let Some(sampler_id) = desired_sampler_id {
                                    if let Some(bg0) = self
                                        .texture_manager
                                        .get_or_create_common_bind_group_for_sampler(
                                            &device,
                                            &common_layout,
                                            &uniform_buffer,
                                            sampler_id,
                                        )
                                    {
                                        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &bg0, &[]);
                                    } else {
                                        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &default_common_bg, &[]);
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &default_common_bg, &[]);
                                }
                                current_sampler_id = desired_sampler_id;
                            }

                            let texture_bind_group = if tex_id == 0 {
                                if let Some(default_tex) = &self.default_texture {
                                    backend_data
                                        .render_resources
                                        .get_or_create_image_bind_group(
                                            &backend_data.device,
                                            0,
                                            default_tex,
                                        )?
                                        .clone()
                                } else {
                                    return Err(RendererError::InvalidRenderState(
                                        "Default texture not available".to_string(),
                                    ));
                                }
                            } else if let Some(wgpu_texture) =
                                self.texture_manager.get_texture(tex_id)
                            {
                                backend_data
                                    .render_resources
                                    .get_or_create_image_bind_group(
                                        &backend_data.device,
                                        tex_id,
                                        &wgpu_texture.texture_view,
                                    )?
                                    .clone()
                            } else if let Some(default_tex) = &self.default_texture {
                                backend_data
                                    .render_resources
                                    .get_or_create_image_bind_group(
                                        &backend_data.device,
                                        0,
                                        default_tex,
                                    )?
                                    .clone()
                            } else {
                                return Err(RendererError::InvalidRenderState(
                                    "Texture not found and no default texture".to_string(),
                                ));
                            };
                            render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &texture_bind_group, &[]);

                            // Compute clip rect in framebuffer space
                            let mut clip_min_x =
                                (cmd_params.clip_rect[0] - clip_off[0]) * clip_scale[0];
                            let mut clip_min_y =
                                (cmd_params.clip_rect[1] - clip_off[1]) * clip_scale[1];
                            let mut clip_max_x =
                                (cmd_params.clip_rect[2] - clip_off[0]) * clip_scale[0];
                            let mut clip_max_y =
                                (cmd_params.clip_rect[3] - clip_off[1]) * clip_scale[1];
                            // Clamp to override framebuffer bounds
                            clip_min_x = clip_min_x.max(0.0);
                            clip_min_y = clip_min_y.max(0.0);
                            clip_max_x = clip_max_x.min(fbw);
                            clip_max_y = clip_max_y.min(fbh);
                            if clip_max_x <= clip_min_x || clip_max_y <= clip_min_y {
                                continue;
                            }
                            render_pass.set_scissor_rect(
                                clip_min_x as u32,
                                clip_min_y as u32,
                                (clip_max_x - clip_min_x) as u32,
                                (clip_max_y - clip_min_y) as u32,
                            );
                            let Ok(count_u32) = u32::try_from(count) else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            let Ok(idx_offset_u32) = u32::try_from(cmd_params.idx_offset) else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            let Some(start_index) = idx_offset_u32.checked_add(global_idx_offset)
                            else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            let Some(end_index) = start_index.checked_add(count_u32) else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            let Ok(vtx_offset_i32) = i32::try_from(cmd_params.vtx_offset) else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            let Some(vertex_offset) = vtx_offset_i32.checked_add(global_vtx_offset)
                            else {
                                continue;
                            };
                            render_pass.draw_indexed(start_index..end_index, vertex_offset, 0..1);
                        }
                        dear_imgui_rs::render::DrawCmd::ResetRenderState => {
                            Self::setup_render_state_static(
                                draw_data,
                                render_pass,
                                backend_data,
                                gamma,
                            )?;
                            current_sampler_id = None;
                        }
                        dear_imgui_rs::render::DrawCmd::RawCallback { .. } => {
                            // Unsupported raw callbacks; skip.
                        }
                    }
                }

                let idx_len_u32 = u32::try_from(idx_buffer.len())
                    .map_err(|_| RendererError::Generic("index buffer too large".to_string()))?;
                global_idx_offset =
                    global_idx_offset.checked_add(idx_len_u32).ok_or_else(|| {
                        RendererError::Generic("index buffer offset overflow".to_string())
                    })?;

                let vtx_len_i32 = i32::try_from(vtx_buffer.len())
                    .map_err(|_| RendererError::Generic("vertex buffer too large".to_string()))?;
                global_vtx_offset =
                    global_vtx_offset.checked_add(vtx_len_i32).ok_or_else(|| {
                        RendererError::Generic("vertex buffer offset overflow".to_string())
                    })?;
            }

            (*platform_io).Renderer_RenderState = std::ptr::null_mut();
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Prepare frame resources (buffers)
    // prepare_frame_resources_static moved to renderer/draw.rs

    /// Setup render state
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_SetupRenderState in the C++ implementation
    // setup_render_state_static moved to renderer/draw.rs

    /// Render all draw lists
    // render_draw_lists_static moved to renderer/draw.rs

    /// Invalidate device objects
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_InvalidateDeviceObjects in the C++ implementation
    pub fn invalidate_device_objects(&mut self) -> RendererResult<()> {
        if let Some(ref mut backend_data) = self.backend_data {
            backend_data.pipeline_state = None;
            backend_data.render_resources = RenderResources::new();

            // Clear frame resources
            for frame_resources in &mut backend_data.frame_resources {
                *frame_resources = FrameResources::new();
            }
        }

        // Clear texture manager
        self.texture_manager.clear();
        self.default_texture = None;

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Shutdown the renderer
    ///
    /// This corresponds to ImGui_ImplWGPU_Shutdown in the C++ implementation
    pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
        self.invalidate_device_objects().ok();
        self.backend_data = None;
    }
}

// Submodules for renderer features
mod draw;
mod external_textures;
mod font_atlas;
#[cfg(feature = "multi-viewport-winit")]
pub mod multi_viewport;
#[cfg(feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3")]
pub mod multi_viewport_sdl3;
mod pipeline;
#[cfg(feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3")]
mod sdl3_raw_window_handle;

impl Default for WgpuRenderer {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::empty()
    }
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "multi-viewport-winit", feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3"))]
impl Drop for WgpuRenderer {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Make any installed multi-viewport callbacks become a no-op if the
        // renderer is dropped without an explicit disable/shutdown call.
        #[cfg(feature = "multi-viewport-winit")]
        {
            multi_viewport::clear_for_drop(self as *mut WgpuRenderer);
        }
        #[cfg(feature = "multi-viewport-sdl3")]
        {
            multi_viewport_sdl3::clear_for_drop(self as *mut WgpuRenderer);
        }
    }
}