darkbio_wire/transport/

stream.rs

// wire-rs: encrypted protocol between Ark and host
// Copyright 2026 Dark Bio AG. All rights reserved.
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

//! The byte stream and its shutdown operation, owned together by the transport.

use super::io::check_deadline;
use super::{DEFAULT_WRITE_TIMEOUT, Read, Write};
use std::fmt;
use std::io;
use std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use tracing::debug;

/// A duplex byte stream with a shutdown operation for both directions.
///
/// Shutdown must release blocked reads, writes and flushes, including reads
/// with no deadline. Socket adapters can shut down the underlying socket.
/// The shutdown operation must return promptly, must not panic, and must not
/// acquire a lock held by a blocked I/O operation. It runs at most once.
/// Neither shutdown nor an I/O operation may call this stream's closer. Closing
/// would wait for the calling operation itself to return.
///
/// Closing refuses further adapter I/O. Admitted operations return their normal
/// results and may succeed while shutdown is in progress. A failed frame send
/// may have moved any prefix of its bytes. A successful write and flush means
/// the adapter took the bytes, not that the peer received or processed them.
/// Data already buffered by the transport may still be received after closing.
///
/// Dropping the stream closes it. Passing it to a client or server transfers
/// that responsibility to the transport owner. Closer handles do not keep the
/// reader or writer alive, and dropping a handle does not close the stream.
pub struct Stream<R: Read, W: Write> {
    io: Option<(R, W)>, // Taken when ownership passes to the transport
    closer: Closer,
    timeout: Duration, // One budget for the frame's writes and flush
}

impl<R: Read, W: Write> Stream<R, W> {
    /// Bundles the two I/O directions with their shutdown operation.
    pub fn new(reader: R, writer: W, shutdown: impl FnOnce() + Send + 'static) -> Self {
        Self {
            io: Some((reader, writer)),
            closer: Closer::new(shutdown),
            timeout: DEFAULT_WRITE_TIMEOUT,
        }
    }

    /// Sets the budget for writing and flushing one complete frame, including
    /// any delimiter needed after failed output. Progress does not restart it.
    /// The budget begins after acquiring the writer and includes frame encoding.
    /// Waiting for locks, encryption and peer replies is outside this budget.
    /// Handshake frames also share the overall handshake deadline, which can
    /// shorten this write budget.
    ///
    /// Zero refuses output immediately. A duration too large to add to an
    /// [`Instant`] panics when an outgoing frame's deadline is constructed.
    pub fn set_write_timeout(mut self, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
        self.timeout = timeout;
        self
    }

    /// A handle that can close the stream from another thread.
    pub fn closer(&self) -> Closer {
        self.closer.clone()
    }

    /// Permanently closes the stream and waits for shutdown and admitted adapter
    /// operations to finish. Concurrent close calls wait for the same completion.
    pub fn close(&self) {
        self.closer.close();
    }

    /// Transfers ownership to a transport without closing the stream.
    pub(crate) fn into_parts(mut self) -> (R, W, Closer, Duration) {
        let (reader, writer) = self.io.take().expect("stream consumed once");
        (reader, writer, self.closer.clone(), self.timeout)
    }
}

impl<R: Read, W: Write> Drop for Stream<R, W> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if self.io.is_some() {
            self.close();
        }
    }
}

impl<R: Read, W: Write> fmt::Debug for Stream<R, W> {
    /// Shows the write budget and the shutdown state, never the adapters.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("Stream")
            .field("timeout", &self.timeout)
            .field("closer", &self.closer)
            .finish_non_exhaustive()
    }
}

/// A cloneable handle that permanently closes a byte stream.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Closer(Arc<Shutdown>);

/// Shared shutdown coordination. The state lock orders I/O admission and closure.
/// Adapter operations and the shutdown callback run without this lock. The
/// condition variable wakes waiting closers as those operations finish.
struct Shutdown {
    state: Mutex<State>,
    changed: Condvar,
}

/// Lifecycle of a byte stream. Closing refuses new adapter operations. Closed
/// additionally guarantees that shutdown and all admitted operations have finished.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum Phase {
    /// Adapter I/O may be admitted and shutdown has not been requested.
    Open,
    /// One closer runs shutdown. Other closers wait and new I/O is refused.
    Closing,
    /// The callback and every admitted adapter call have returned.
    Closed,
}

/// Stream lifecycle and active adapter operations under one lock. The first
/// closer takes the shutdown action. Each admitted operation increments the
/// active count and decrements it on completion. Closed requires a zero count.
struct State {
    phase: Phase,
    active: usize, // Admitted adapter operations that shutdown must wait for
    action: Option<Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send>>,
}

impl Closer {
    /// Creates the shutdown coordinator before either I/O half can be used.
    pub(super) fn new(shutdown: impl FnOnce() + Send + 'static) -> Self {
        Self(Arc::new(Shutdown {
            state: Mutex::new(State {
                phase: Phase::Open,
                active: 0,
                action: Some(Box::new(shutdown)),
            }),
            changed: Condvar::new(),
        }))
    }

    /// Permanently closes the stream. Every caller waits until the shutdown
    /// callback and all admitted adapter calls have returned. This includes
    /// deadline setters, reads, writes and flushes.
    /// New I/O is refused as soon as closing begins. This does not join the
    /// threads using the transport or wait for application handlers.
    ///
    /// The callback runs once, without holding a state or I/O lock. It must return
    /// promptly and release blocked I/O, including reads with no deadline.
    /// Calling close from adapter I/O or the callback would wait on itself.
    pub fn close(&self) {
        // Wait for another closer to finish or take responsibility for shutdown
        let action = {
            let mut state = self.0.state.lock().expect("stream state not poisoned");
            loop {
                match state.phase {
                    // Stream already closed, return early
                    Phase::Closed => return,

                    // Another closer is running shutdown. Wait for it to finish.
                    Phase::Closing => {
                        state = self
                            .0
                            .changed
                            .wait(state)
                            .expect("stream state not poisoned");
                    }

                    // Stream open, mark it closing and begin teardown
                    Phase::Open => {
                        debug!("closing wire stream");
                        state.phase = Phase::Closing;
                        break state.action.take().expect("shutdown called once");
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        // The first closer runs shutdown without holding the state lock.
        action();

        // Wait until all admitted adapter operations return
        let mut state = self.0.state.lock().expect("stream state not poisoned");
        while state.active != 0 {
            state = self
                .0
                .changed
                .wait(state)
                .expect("stream state not poisoned");
        }

        // Mark the stream closed and wake any threads blocked on close
        state.phase = Phase::Closed;
        self.0.changed.notify_all();
    }

    /// Admits one adapter call atomically with the decision to start closing.
    fn enter(&self) -> Option<Activity<'_>> {
        let mut state = self.0.state.lock().expect("stream state not poisoned");
        if state.phase != Phase::Open {
            return None;
        }
        state.active += 1;
        Some(Activity(self))
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for Closer {
    /// Shows the lifecycle phase and the admitted adapter operations. A state
    /// lock held elsewhere is reported instead of waited for.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut closer = f.debug_struct("Closer");
        match self.0.state.try_lock() {
            Ok(state) => closer
                .field("phase", &state.phase)
                .field("active", &state.active),
            Err(_) => closer.field("state", &format_args!("<locked>")),
        };
        closer.finish()
    }
}

/// Tracks one admitted adapter operation until return or unwind. Dropping it
/// decrements the active count without acquiring an I/O lock.
struct Activity<'a>(&'a Closer);

impl Drop for Activity<'_> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        let mut state = self.0.0.state.lock().expect("stream state not poisoned");
        state.active -= 1;
        if state.active == 0 {
            self.0.0.changed.notify_all();
        }
    }
}

/// Reader admitting each adapter call under the shutdown coordinator's lock.
pub(super) struct ReadHalf<R> {
    pub(super) inner: R,
    pub(super) closer: Closer,
}

impl<R: Read> ReadHalf<R> {
    /// Reads with the optional handshake deadline. Ordinary reads wait for data
    /// or adapter shutdown. Timeouts and interruptions retry within the deadline.
    /// A successful read reports its bytes even if it finishes late, so the framer
    /// can retain them before surfacing expiry. Closure refuses new I/O with EOF.
    pub(super) fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8], deadline: Option<Instant>) -> io::Result<usize> {
        loop {
            // Refuse an operation whose deadline has expired
            if let Some(deadline) = deadline {
                check_deadline(deadline)?;
            }
            // Keep the setter and read accounted for until both have returned.
            let result = {
                let Some(_active) = self.closer.enter() else {
                    return Ok(0);
                };
                self.inner.set_read_deadline(deadline)?;
                self.inner.read(buf)
            };
            // Retry an idle timeout or interrupted read. Other errors return.
            match result {
                Err(err)
                    if matches!(
                        err.kind(),
                        io::ErrorKind::TimedOut | io::ErrorKind::Interrupted
                    ) =>
                {
                    continue;
                }
                result => return result,
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Writer admitting each partial write and flush under the shutdown lock.
pub(super) struct WriteHalf<W> {
    pub(super) inner: W,
    pub(super) closer: Closer,
}

impl<W: Write> WriteHalf<W> {
    /// Writes all bytes and flushes them under one absolute deadline. Installs
    /// the deadline once before I/O. Each partial write and flush checks
    /// expiration and closure before calling the adapter.
    /// Interrupted writes are retried. Zero progress fails with `WriteZero`.
    /// Setter and flush errors are not retried.
    ///
    /// An admitted call may finish after closure begins. Failure
    /// can leave a written prefix. The framer checks the deadline again after
    /// this operation returns, so a late flush fails the complete frame.
    pub(super) fn write(&mut self, mut bytes: &[u8], deadline: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
        // Refuse an operation whose deadline has expired
        check_deadline(deadline)?;

        // Account for the deadline setter so shutdown waits for it too.
        {
            let _active = self
                .closer
                .enter()
                .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotConnected, "stream closed"))?;
            self.inner.set_write_deadline(deadline)?;
        }
        // Keep writing while bytes remain; flush only after the complete write
        while !bytes.is_empty() {
            // Recheck the deadline before each partial write.
            check_deadline(deadline)?;

            // Attempt to write as much data as possible
            let result = {
                let _active = self
                    .closer
                    .enter()
                    .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotConnected, "stream closed"))?;
                self.inner.write(bytes)
            };
            match result {
                Ok(0) => return Err(io::ErrorKind::WriteZero.into()),
                Ok(n) => bytes = &bytes[n..],
                Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
                Err(err) => return Err(err),
            }
        }
        // Flush is part of the same operation and gets its own admission
        check_deadline(deadline)?;

        let _active = self
            .closer
            .enter()
            .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotConnected, "stream closed"))?;
        self.inner.flush()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[cfg_attr(coverage_nightly, coverage(off))]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::transport::Client;
    use crate::transport::testing::Memory;
    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
    use std::sync::mpsc;
    use std::thread;
    use std::time::Duration;

    const PATIENCE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);

    /// Checks that the transport's owners and handles print without printable
    /// adapters, which hosts may box as trait objects.
    #[test]
    fn test_debug_capabilities() {
        use crate::transport::{Attestation, Event, Roots, Sender, Server};

        /// Requires a value to be printable.
        fn printable<T: fmt::Debug>() {}
        printable::<Stream<Box<dyn Read>, Box<dyn Write>>>();
        printable::<Closer>();
        printable::<Client<Box<dyn Read>, Box<dyn Write>>>();
        printable::<Server<Box<dyn Read>, Box<dyn Write>, Attestation>>();
        printable::<Sender<Box<dyn Write>>>();
        printable::<Event<Box<dyn Write>>>();
        printable::<Attestation>();
        printable::<Roots<'static>>();
    }

    // A memory reader can deliver ready bytes after its own deadline, but the
    // transport must reject an expired attempt before consuming those bytes.
    #[test]
    fn test_memory_reader_keeps_transport_deadline() {
        let (host, ark) = crate::memory::duplex(4);
        let (_ark_read, mut ark_write) = ark.into_halves();
        std::io::Write::write_all(&mut ark_write, b"abc").unwrap();
        let (reader, _writer, closer, _) = host.into_parts();
        let mut reader = ReadHalf {
            inner: reader,
            closer,
        };
        let mut bytes = [0; 3];
        assert_eq!(
            reader
                .read(&mut bytes, Some(Instant::now()))
                .unwrap_err()
                .kind(),
            io::ErrorKind::TimedOut
        );
        assert_eq!(bytes, [0; 3]);
        assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut bytes, None).unwrap(), 3);
        assert_eq!(&bytes, b"abc");
    }

    /// Adapter holding an admitted call until shutdown has been requested,
    /// then returning the result selected by the test.
    struct Adapter {
        entered: mpsc::Sender<()>,
        released: mpsc::Receiver<()>,
        fails: bool,
        deadline: Option<Instant>,
    }

    impl Adapter {
        /// Waits for the test's release without exceeding this adapter call's deadline.
        fn wait(&self, deadline: Option<Instant>) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.entered.send(()).unwrap();
            match deadline {
                Some(deadline) => self
                    .released
                    .recv_timeout(deadline.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now())),
                None => self
                    .released
                    .recv()
                    .map_err(|_| mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected),
            }
            .map_err(|_| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut))?;
            if self.fails {
                Err(io::Error::other("adapter failure"))
            } else {
                Ok(())
            }
        }
    }

    impl Read for Adapter {
        fn set_read_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Option<Instant>) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.deadline = deadline;
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl io::Read for Adapter {
        fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.wait(self.deadline)?;
            buf[0] = 0x5a;
            Ok(1)
        }
    }

    impl Write for Adapter {
        fn set_write_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.deadline = Some(deadline);
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl io::Write for Adapter {
        fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.wait(Some(self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed")))?;
            Ok(buf.len())
        }

        fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.wait(Some(self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed")))
        }
    }

    /// Runs an adapter call across shutdown and checks that its result survives.
    fn during_shutdown(
        fails: bool,
        operation: impl FnOnce(Adapter, Closer) -> io::Result<()> + Send + 'static,
    ) {
        let (entered, entries) = mpsc::channel();
        let (release, released) = mpsc::channel();
        let closer = Closer::new(move || release.send(()).unwrap());
        let io = thread::spawn({
            let closer = closer.clone();
            move || {
                operation(
                    Adapter {
                        entered,
                        released,
                        fails,
                        deadline: None,
                    },
                    closer,
                )
            }
        });
        entries.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
        closer.close();
        let result = io.join().unwrap();
        if fails {
            let err = result.unwrap_err();
            assert_eq!(err.kind(), io::ErrorKind::Other);
            assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "adapter failure");
        } else {
            result.unwrap();
        }
    }

    // Tests that shutdown preserves admitted read and final flush results,
    // including original errors. An admitted write can accept its bytes after
    // closing starts, but the full operation then refuses the subsequent flush.
    #[test]
    fn test_admitted_io_preserves_results_during_shutdown() {
        for fails in [false, true] {
            during_shutdown(fails, |inner, closer| {
                let mut buf = [0];
                assert_eq!(ReadHalf { inner, closer }.read(&mut buf, None)?, 1);
                assert_eq!(buf, [0x5a]);
                Ok(())
            });
            during_shutdown(fails, move |inner, closer| {
                let result =
                    WriteHalf { inner, closer }.write(&[1, 2, 3], Instant::now() + PATIENCE);
                if fails {
                    result
                } else {
                    assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), io::ErrorKind::NotConnected);
                    Ok(())
                }
            });
            during_shutdown(fails, |inner, closer| {
                WriteHalf { inner, closer }.write(&[], Instant::now() + PATIENCE)
            });
        }
    }

    // Tests that handing a stream to a client transfers shutdown responsibility
    // without closing it. Dropping either owner invokes shutdown exactly once,
    // and repeated closes do nothing.
    #[test]
    fn test_ownership_and_repeated_close() {
        let calls = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
        let stream = Stream::new(Memory::new(io::empty()), Memory::new(io::sink()), {
            let calls = calls.clone();
            move || {
                calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            }
        });
        let closer = stream.closer();
        let client = Client::new(stream);
        assert_eq!(
            calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            0,
            "handoff must keep the stream open"
        );
        drop(client);
        assert_eq!(calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
        closer.close();
        drop(closer.clone());
        assert_eq!(calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);

        let stream = Stream::new(Memory::new(io::empty()), Memory::new(io::sink()), {
            let calls = calls.clone();
            move || {
                calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            }
        });
        drop(stream);
        assert_eq!(
            calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            2,
            "unclaimed streams also close on drop"
        );
    }

    // Tests that concurrent close calls and owner drop all wait for shutdown.
    // Hold the callback until every caller has started, then check that none
    // returns before the callback is released.
    #[test]
    fn test_every_closer_waits_for_the_shutdown_callback() {
        let (entered, callback) = mpsc::channel();
        let (release, released) = mpsc::channel();
        let stream = Stream::new(
            Memory::new(io::empty()),
            Memory::new(io::sink()),
            move || {
                entered.send(()).unwrap();
                released.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
            },
        );
        let closer = stream.closer();
        let (finished, finishes) = mpsc::channel();
        let first = thread::spawn({
            let closer = closer.clone();
            let finished = finished.clone();
            move || {
                closer.close();
                finished.send(()).unwrap();
            }
        });
        callback.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();

        let (started, starts) = mpsc::channel();
        let second = thread::spawn({
            let closer = closer.clone();
            let started = started.clone();
            let finished = finished.clone();
            move || {
                started.send(()).unwrap();
                closer.close();
                finished.send(()).unwrap();
            }
        });
        let owner = thread::spawn(move || {
            started.send(()).unwrap();
            drop(stream);
            finished.send(()).unwrap();
        });
        starts.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
        starts.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
        assert!(finishes.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(50)).is_err());
        release.send(()).unwrap();
        finishes.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
        finishes.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
        finishes.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
        first.join().unwrap();
        second.join().unwrap();
        owner.join().unwrap();
    }

    /// Adapter operation held in flight while the test requests shutdown.
    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
    enum BlockAt {
        /// Hold a raw read until the test releases it.
        Read,
        /// Hold a raw write until the test releases it.
        Write,
        /// Hold a flush until the test releases it.
        Flush,
    }

    /// Holds one adapter operation until the test releases it. This keeps I/O in
    /// progress long enough to observe shutdown.
    struct Gate {
        at: BlockAt,
        entered: mpsc::Sender<()>,
        released: Mutex<bool>,
        changed: Condvar,
        calls: AtomicUsize,
    }

    impl Gate {
        /// Holds the selected operation until released or its supplied deadline expires.
        fn call(&self, at: BlockAt, deadline: Option<Instant>) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            if at == self.at {
                self.entered.send(()).unwrap();
                let released = self.released.lock().unwrap();
                let released = match deadline {
                    Some(deadline) => {
                        self.changed
                            .wait_timeout_while(
                                released,
                                deadline.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now()),
                                |released| !*released,
                            )
                            .unwrap()
                            .0
                    }
                    None => self
                        .changed
                        .wait_while(released, |released| !*released)
                        .unwrap(),
                };
                if !*released {
                    return Err(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut.into());
                }
            }
            Ok(())
        }

        /// Allows the admitted operation to finish.
        fn release(&self) {
            *self.released.lock().unwrap() = true;
            self.changed.notify_all();
        }
    }

    /// Adapter half sharing a gate with the test driver.
    struct GatedAdapter {
        gate: Arc<Gate>,
        deadline: Option<Instant>,
    }

    impl Read for GatedAdapter {
        fn set_read_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Option<Instant>) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.deadline = deadline;
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl io::Read for GatedAdapter {
        fn read(&mut self, _: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.gate.call(BlockAt::Read, self.deadline)?;
            Ok(0)
        }
    }

    impl Write for GatedAdapter {
        fn set_write_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.deadline = Some(deadline);
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl io::Write for GatedAdapter {
        fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.gate.call(
                BlockAt::Write,
                Some(self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed")),
            )?;
            Ok(bytes.len())
        }

        fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.gate.call(
                BlockAt::Flush,
                Some(self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed")),
            )
        }
    }

    // Tests that close waits for an admitted read, write or flush even after
    // the shutdown callback returns. A gate holds each operation independently;
    // subsequent I/O must never reach the closed adapter.
    #[test]
    fn test_every_closer_waits_for_active_io_and_refuses_new_io() {
        for at in [BlockAt::Read, BlockAt::Write, BlockAt::Flush] {
            let (entered, entries) = mpsc::channel();
            let gate = Arc::new(Gate {
                at,
                entered,
                released: Mutex::new(false),
                changed: Condvar::new(),
                calls: AtomicUsize::new(0),
            });
            let (requested, requests) = mpsc::channel();
            let stream = Stream::new(
                GatedAdapter {
                    gate: gate.clone(),
                    deadline: None,
                },
                GatedAdapter {
                    gate: gate.clone(),
                    deadline: None,
                },
                move || {
                    requested.send(()).unwrap();
                },
            );
            let (reader, writer, closer, _) = stream.into_parts();
            let io_closer = closer.clone();
            let io = thread::spawn(move || {
                let mut reader = ReadHalf {
                    inner: reader,
                    closer: io_closer.clone(),
                };
                let mut writer = WriteHalf {
                    inner: writer,
                    closer: io_closer,
                };
                let deadline = Instant::now() + PATIENCE;
                match at {
                    BlockAt::Read => assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut [0], None).unwrap(), 0),
                    BlockAt::Write => assert_eq!(
                        writer.write(&[1], deadline).unwrap_err().kind(),
                        io::ErrorKind::NotConnected
                    ),
                    BlockAt::Flush => writer.write(&[], deadline).unwrap(),
                }
                (reader, writer)
            });
            entries.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
            let (finished, finishes) = mpsc::channel();
            let closing = thread::spawn({
                let closer = closer.clone();
                move || {
                    closer.close();
                    finished.send(()).unwrap();
                }
            });
            requests.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
            assert!(finishes.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(20)).is_err());

            gate.release();
            finishes.recv_timeout(PATIENCE).unwrap();
            closing.join().unwrap();
            let (mut reader, mut writer) = io.join().unwrap();
            let calls = gate.calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
            assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut [0], None).unwrap(), 0);
            assert!(matches!(
                writer.write(&[1], Instant::now() + PATIENCE),
                Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotConnected
            ));
            assert_eq!(gate.calls.load(Ordering::SeqCst), calls);
            closer.close();
            assert!(requests.try_recv().is_err(), "shutdown called twice");
        }
    }

    /// Accepts one byte per write and can hold flush until its supplied deadline.
    /// Recorded deadlines reveal whether partial progress restarts the budget.
    struct BudgetWriter {
        bytes: Vec<u8>,
        deadlines: Vec<Instant>,
        stall_flush: bool,
        deadline: Option<Instant>,
        settings: usize,
    }

    impl Write for BudgetWriter {
        fn set_write_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.deadline = Some(deadline);
            self.settings += 1;
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl io::Write for BudgetWriter {
        fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            let deadline = self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed");
            check_deadline(deadline)?;
            self.deadlines.push(deadline);
            self.bytes.push(bytes[0]);
            Ok(1)
        }

        fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
            let deadline = self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed");
            self.deadlines.push(deadline);
            if self.stall_flush {
                thread::sleep(deadline.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now()));
                return Err(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut.into());
            }
            check_deadline(deadline)
        }
    }

    // Tests that partial writes and a blocked flush share one absolute deadline,
    // a timeout leaves the stream reusable, and a zero budget never calls I/O.
    #[test]
    fn test_output_deadline_and_reuse() {
        let timeout = Duration::from_millis(40);
        let stream = Stream::new(
            Memory::new(io::empty()),
            BudgetWriter {
                bytes: Vec::new(),
                deadlines: Vec::new(),
                stall_flush: true,
                deadline: None,
                settings: 0,
            },
            || {},
        )
        .set_write_timeout(timeout);
        let (_, inner, closer, configured) = stream.into_parts();
        assert_eq!(configured, timeout);
        let mut writer = WriteHalf { inner, closer };
        let deadline = Instant::now() + configured;
        assert_eq!(
            writer.write(b"abc", deadline).unwrap_err().kind(),
            io::ErrorKind::TimedOut
        );
        assert_eq!(writer.inner.deadlines, vec![deadline; 4]);
        assert_eq!(writer.inner.settings, 1);

        writer.inner.stall_flush = false;
        let deadline = Instant::now() + PATIENCE;
        writer.write(b"d", deadline).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(writer.inner.bytes, b"abcd");
        assert_eq!(writer.inner.settings, 2);

        let calls = writer.inner.deadlines.len();
        let deadline = Instant::now();
        assert!(matches!(
            writer.write(b"e", deadline),
            Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::TimedOut
        ));
        assert_eq!(writer.inner.deadlines.len(), calls);
        assert_eq!(writer.inner.settings, 2);
        writer.closer.close();
    }

    // Tests the complete write operation with interruption and partial progress:
    // retries retain the unsent suffix, zero progress fails without flushing,
    // and an interrupted flush is returned directly rather than retried.
    #[test]
    fn test_partial_write_retries_and_failures() {
        /// Scripts adapter results and records offered and accepted byte sequences.
        struct Script {
            results: std::collections::VecDeque<io::Result<usize>>,
            offered: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
            accepted: Vec<u8>,
            interrupted_flush: bool,
            flushes: usize,
            settings: usize,
            deadline: Option<Instant>,
        }

        impl Write for Script {
            fn set_write_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
                self.settings += 1;
                self.deadline = Some(deadline);
                Ok(())
            }
        }

        impl io::Write for Script {
            fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
                check_deadline(self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed"))?;
                self.offered.push(bytes.to_vec());
                let result = self.results.pop_front().expect("unexpected write");
                if let Ok(size) = &result {
                    self.accepted.extend_from_slice(&bytes[..*size]);
                }
                result
            }

            fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
                check_deadline(self.deadline.expect("write deadline installed"))?;
                self.flushes += 1;
                assert_eq!(self.flushes, 1, "flush retried");
                if self.interrupted_flush {
                    Err(io::ErrorKind::Interrupted.into())
                } else {
                    Ok(())
                }
            }
        }

        for (stalls, interrupted_flush) in [(false, false), (true, false), (false, true)] {
            let mut writer = WriteHalf {
                inner: Script {
                    results: [
                        Err(io::ErrorKind::Interrupted.into()),
                        Ok(1),
                        Ok(usize::from(!stalls)),
                    ]
                    .into(),
                    offered: Vec::new(),
                    accepted: Vec::new(),
                    interrupted_flush,
                    flushes: 0,
                    settings: 0,
                    deadline: None,
                },
                closer: Closer::new(|| {}),
            };
            let result = writer.write(b"ab", Instant::now() + PATIENCE);
            if stalls {
                assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), io::ErrorKind::WriteZero);
            } else if interrupted_flush {
                assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind(), io::ErrorKind::Interrupted);
            } else {
                result.unwrap();
            }
            assert_eq!(
                writer.inner.offered,
                [b"ab".to_vec(), b"ab".to_vec(), b"b".to_vec()]
            );
            assert_eq!(
                writer.inner.accepted,
                if stalls { &b"a"[..] } else { &b"ab"[..] }
            );
            assert_eq!(writer.inner.flushes, usize::from(!stalls));
            assert_eq!(writer.inner.settings, 1);
            writer.closer.close();
        }
    }

    // Tests that a failed deadline setter prevents byte I/O and preserves its
    // error, including Interrupted and TimedOut. Only retryable errors from an
    // actual read may start another attempt.
    #[test]
    fn test_deadline_setter_failure_prevents_io() {
        /// Rejects deadline installation and panics if byte I/O is attempted.
        struct Refused {
            settings: usize,
            kind: io::ErrorKind,
        }

        impl Refused {
            /// Fails once so an incorrect retry fails the test promptly.
            fn reject(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
                self.settings += 1;
                assert_eq!(self.settings, 1, "deadline setter failure retried");
                Err(io::Error::new(self.kind, "deadline refused"))
            }
        }

        impl Read for Refused {
            fn set_read_deadline(&mut self, _: Option<Instant>) -> io::Result<()> {
                self.reject()
            }
        }

        impl io::Read for Refused {
            fn read(&mut self, _: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
                panic!("read after deadline setter failed")
            }
        }

        impl Write for Refused {
            fn set_write_deadline(&mut self, _: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
                self.reject()
            }
        }

        impl io::Write for Refused {
            fn write(&mut self, _: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
                panic!("write after deadline setter failed")
            }

            fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
                panic!("flush after deadline setter failed")
            }
        }

        for kind in [io::ErrorKind::Interrupted, io::ErrorKind::TimedOut] {
            let closer = Closer::new(|| {});
            let mut reader = ReadHalf {
                inner: Refused { settings: 0, kind },
                closer: closer.clone(),
            };
            let err = reader.read(&mut [0], None).unwrap_err();
            assert_eq!(err.kind(), kind);
            assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "deadline refused");
            let mut writer = WriteHalf {
                inner: Refused { settings: 0, kind },
                closer: closer.clone(),
            };
            assert!(matches!(
                writer.write(&[1], Instant::now() + PATIENCE),
                Err(err) if err.kind() == kind && err.to_string() == "deadline refused"
            ));

            closer.close();
            assert_eq!(reader.read(&mut [0], None).unwrap(), 0);
            assert!(matches!(
                writer.write(&[1], Instant::now() + PATIENCE),
                Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotConnected
            ));
            assert_eq!(reader.inner.settings, 1);
            assert_eq!(writer.inner.settings, 1);
        }
    }

    // Tests that a partial write returning after its deadline leaves its
    // accepted byte intact but fails the complete operation. Depending on the
    // input length, either the remaining write or flush is refused before I/O.
    #[test]
    fn test_late_write_preserves_progress() {
        /// Accepts one byte but delays returning until its installed deadline.
        #[derive(Default)]
        struct LateWriter {
            deadline: Option<Instant>,
            bytes: Vec<u8>,
        }

        impl Write for LateWriter {
            fn set_write_deadline(&mut self, deadline: Instant) -> io::Result<()> {
                self.deadline = Some(deadline);
                Ok(())
            }
        }

        impl io::Write for LateWriter {
            fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
                self.bytes.push(bytes[0]);
                thread::sleep(
                    self.deadline
                        .expect("write deadline installed")
                        .saturating_duration_since(Instant::now()),
                );
                Ok(1)
            }

            fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
                panic!("flush admitted after deadline expired")
            }
        }

        for bytes in [&b"a"[..], &b"ab"[..]] {
            let mut writer = WriteHalf {
                inner: LateWriter::default(),
                closer: Closer::new(|| {}),
            };
            let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(40);
            assert_eq!(
                writer.write(bytes, deadline).unwrap_err().kind(),
                io::ErrorKind::TimedOut
            );
            assert_eq!(writer.inner.bytes, b"a");
            writer.closer.close();
        }
    }
}