damascene_core/

vector.rs

//! Backend-agnostic SVG/vector asset IR.
//!
//! `usvg` owns SVG normalization: XML, inherited style, transforms,
//! arcs, relative commands, and basic shapes are resolved before Damascene
//! stores anything. The renderer-facing IR below is deliberately small:
//! paths plus fill/stroke style. Backends can tessellate it with lyon or
//! feed it into more specialized vector shaders later.

// Lock in full per-item documentation for this module (issue #73).
#![warn(missing_docs)]

use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt;

use crate::color::ColorSpace;
use crate::paint::rgba_f32_in;
use crate::tree::Color;

use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
use lyon_tessellation::geometry_builder::{BuffersBuilder, VertexBuffers};
use lyon_tessellation::math::point;
use lyon_tessellation::path::Path as LyonPath;
use lyon_tessellation::{
    FillOptions, FillTessellator, FillVertex, LineCap, LineJoin, StrokeOptions, StrokeTessellator,
    StrokeVertex,
};
use usvg::tiny_skia_path;

/// A parsed, backend-agnostic vector asset: an SVG `viewBox` plus styled
/// paths and a gradient side-table. Produced by [`parse_svg_asset`] or
/// composed programmatically via [`VectorAsset::from_paths`] /
/// [`PathBuilder`].
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorAsset {
    /// SVG `viewBox` as `[min_x, min_y, width, height]`. All path
    /// coordinates are absolute within this space.
    pub view_box: [f32; 4],
    /// Styled paths in document (paint) order, with transforms and basic
    /// shapes already flattened by usvg.
    pub paths: Vec<VectorPath>,
    /// Gradient table referenced by [`VectorColor::Gradient`] indices. Kept
    /// as a side-table so [`VectorColor`] stays `Copy`.
    pub gradients: Vec<VectorGradient>,
}

/// Render policy for app-supplied [`VectorAsset`]s.
///
/// `Painted` preserves authored fills, strokes, gradients, and
/// `currentColor` paint, so backends use the colour-aware vector path.
/// `Mask` treats the asset as coverage geometry and applies one caller-
/// supplied colour, which lets backends use their MSDF atlas path.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
pub enum VectorRenderMode {
    /// Render authored fills, strokes, gradients, and `currentColor` paint.
    #[default]
    Painted,
    /// Treat the asset as coverage geometry painted in one colour.
    Mask {
        /// The single colour applied to the asset's coverage.
        color: Color,
    },
}

impl VectorRenderMode {
    /// Resolve the mask colour (if any) through `palette`; `Painted` is
    /// returned unchanged.
    pub fn resolved_palette(self, palette: &crate::palette::Palette) -> Self {
        match self {
            Self::Painted => Self::Painted,
            Self::Mask { color } => Self::Mask {
                color: palette.resolve(color),
            },
        }
    }
}

impl VectorAsset {
    /// Build a [`VectorAsset`] from a list of paths and an explicit view
    /// box, without going through SVG parsing. The companion to
    /// [`PathBuilder`] for apps that compose vector content
    /// programmatically (commit-graph curves, Gantt connectors, custom
    /// chart marks). Equivalent to setting the public fields directly,
    /// but documents the construction site and keeps the gradient table
    /// empty by default.
    pub fn from_paths(view_box: [f32; 4], paths: Vec<VectorPath>) -> Self {
        Self {
            view_box,
            paths,
            gradients: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Whether any path's fill or stroke uses a gradient.
    pub fn has_gradient(&self) -> bool {
        self.paths.iter().any(|p| {
            p.fill
                .map(|f| matches!(f.color, VectorColor::Gradient(_)))
                .unwrap_or(false)
                || p.stroke
                    .map(|s| matches!(s.color, VectorColor::Gradient(_)))
                    .unwrap_or(false)
        })
    }

    /// Return this asset with every solid color resolved through
    /// `palette`. Token names are preserved by palette resolution, so
    /// subsequent palette swaps can resolve the same source asset again
    /// while the resolved RGBA still participates in atlas identity.
    pub fn resolved_palette(&self, palette: &crate::palette::Palette) -> Self {
        let mut out = self.clone();
        for path in &mut out.paths {
            if let Some(fill) = &mut path.fill {
                fill.color = resolve_vector_color(fill.color, palette);
            }
            if let Some(stroke) = &mut path.stroke {
                stroke.color = resolve_vector_color(stroke.color, palette);
            }
        }
        out
    }

    /// Stable content-hash used as a cache key in MSDF / mesh atlases.
    /// Two assets with identical view box, paths, fills, strokes, and
    /// gradients hash to the same value — backends dedupe rasterised
    /// MSDF / tessellated mesh entries on this so an app that builds
    /// the same curve shape twice (e.g. two commits sharing a merge
    /// connector geometry) shares one atlas slot.
    ///
    /// Floats hash via [`f32::to_bits`] — bitwise-equal-but-arithmetically-
    /// equal cases (`-0.0` vs `0.0`, `NaN` payloads) are treated as
    /// distinct, which matches what the atlas cache should do anyway.
    pub fn content_hash(&self) -> u64 {
        use std::hash::Hasher;
        let mut h = StableHasher::new();
        hash_view_box(&mut h, self.view_box);
        write_len(&mut h, self.paths.len());
        for path in &self.paths {
            hash_path(&mut h, path);
        }
        write_len(&mut h, self.gradients.len());
        for grad in &self.gradients {
            hash_gradient(&mut h, grad);
        }
        h.finish()
    }
}

fn resolve_vector_color(color: VectorColor, palette: &crate::palette::Palette) -> VectorColor {
    match color {
        VectorColor::Solid(c) => VectorColor::Solid(palette.resolve(c)),
        VectorColor::CurrentColor | VectorColor::Gradient(_) => color,
    }
}

/// A small fixed FNV-1a hasher for persistent-ish vector content
/// identity. `DefaultHasher` is intentionally not specified by std;
/// this keeps `VectorAsset::content_hash` deterministic across toolchain
/// runs and target architectures.
struct StableHasher {
    state: u64,
}

impl StableHasher {
    const OFFSET: u64 = 0xcbf2_9ce4_8422_2325;
    const PRIME: u64 = 0x0000_0100_0000_01b3;

    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            state: Self::OFFSET,
        }
    }
}

impl std::hash::Hasher for StableHasher {
    fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) {
        for byte in bytes {
            self.state ^= *byte as u64;
            self.state = self.state.wrapping_mul(Self::PRIME);
        }
    }

    fn finish(&self) -> u64 {
        self.state
    }
}

fn write_len(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, len: usize) {
    h.write_u64(len as u64);
}

fn hash_str(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, value: &str) {
    write_len(h, value.len());
    h.write(value.as_bytes());
}

fn hash_view_box(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, vb: [f32; 4]) {
    for v in vb {
        h.write_u32(v.to_bits());
    }
}

fn hash_path(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, path: &VectorPath) {
    write_len(h, path.segments.len());
    for seg in &path.segments {
        hash_segment(h, seg);
    }
    match path.fill {
        Some(f) => {
            h.write_u8(1);
            hash_fill(h, f);
        }
        None => h.write_u8(0),
    }
    match path.stroke {
        Some(s) => {
            h.write_u8(1);
            hash_stroke(h, s);
        }
        None => h.write_u8(0),
    }
}

fn hash_segment(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, seg: &VectorSegment) {
    match *seg {
        VectorSegment::MoveTo(p) => {
            h.write_u8(0);
            hash_pt(h, p);
        }
        VectorSegment::LineTo(p) => {
            h.write_u8(1);
            hash_pt(h, p);
        }
        VectorSegment::QuadTo(c, p) => {
            h.write_u8(2);
            hash_pt(h, c);
            hash_pt(h, p);
        }
        VectorSegment::CubicTo(c1, c2, p) => {
            h.write_u8(3);
            hash_pt(h, c1);
            hash_pt(h, c2);
            hash_pt(h, p);
        }
        VectorSegment::Close => h.write_u8(4),
    }
}

fn hash_pt(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, p: [f32; 2]) {
    h.write_u32(p[0].to_bits());
    h.write_u32(p[1].to_bits());
}

fn hash_fill(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, f: VectorFill) {
    hash_color(h, f.color);
    h.write_u32(f.opacity.to_bits());
    h.write_u8(match f.rule {
        VectorFillRule::NonZero => 0,
        VectorFillRule::EvenOdd => 1,
    });
}

fn hash_stroke(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, s: VectorStroke) {
    hash_color(h, s.color);
    h.write_u32(s.opacity.to_bits());
    h.write_u32(s.width.to_bits());
    h.write_u8(match s.line_cap {
        VectorLineCap::Butt => 0,
        VectorLineCap::Round => 1,
        VectorLineCap::Square => 2,
    });
    h.write_u8(match s.line_join {
        VectorLineJoin::Miter => 0,
        VectorLineJoin::MiterClip => 1,
        VectorLineJoin::Round => 2,
        VectorLineJoin::Bevel => 3,
    });
    h.write_u32(s.miter_limit.to_bits());
}

fn hash_color(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, c: VectorColor) {
    match c {
        VectorColor::CurrentColor => h.write_u8(0),
        VectorColor::Solid(col) => {
            h.write_u8(1);
            h.write_u32(col.r.to_bits());
            h.write_u32(col.g.to_bits());
            h.write_u32(col.b.to_bits());
            h.write_u32(col.a.to_bits());
            // The space participates in identity — a color authored in
            // BT.2020 vs sRGB hashes distinctly even at the same numeric
            // channel values.
            std::hash::Hash::hash(&col.space, h);
            // The token name participates in identity — the same rgba
            // resolved from different tokens (e.g. a hard-coded
            // overlay vs `tokens::ACCENT`) should still be one cache
            // entry post-resolve, but the *unresolved* asset hashes
            // distinctly so palette swaps invalidate cleanly.
            match col.token {
                Some(name) => {
                    h.write_u8(1);
                    hash_str(h, name);
                }
                None => h.write_u8(0),
            }
        }
        VectorColor::Gradient(idx) => {
            h.write_u8(2);
            h.write_u32(idx);
        }
    }
}

fn hash_gradient(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, g: &VectorGradient) {
    match g {
        VectorGradient::Linear(lin) => {
            h.write_u8(0);
            hash_pt(h, lin.p1);
            hash_pt(h, lin.p2);
            hash_stops(h, &lin.stops);
            hash_spread(h, lin.spread);
            for v in lin.absolute_to_local {
                h.write_u32(v.to_bits());
            }
        }
        VectorGradient::Radial(rad) => {
            h.write_u8(1);
            hash_pt(h, rad.center);
            h.write_u32(rad.radius.to_bits());
            hash_pt(h, rad.focal);
            h.write_u32(rad.focal_radius.to_bits());
            hash_stops(h, &rad.stops);
            hash_spread(h, rad.spread);
            for v in rad.absolute_to_local {
                h.write_u32(v.to_bits());
            }
        }
    }
}

fn hash_stops(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, stops: &[VectorGradientStop]) {
    write_len(h, stops.len());
    for stop in stops {
        h.write_u32(stop.offset.to_bits());
        for c in stop.color {
            h.write_u32(c.to_bits());
        }
    }
}

fn hash_spread(h: &mut impl std::hash::Hasher, s: VectorSpreadMethod) {
    h.write_u8(match s {
        VectorSpreadMethod::Pad => 0,
        VectorSpreadMethod::Reflect => 1,
        VectorSpreadMethod::Repeat => 2,
    });
}

/// Imperative builder for a single [`VectorPath`]. Mirrors a subset of
/// the SVG path command vocabulary (`M`, `L`, `C`, `Q`, `Z`) plus
/// fill/stroke style. Returns a `VectorPath`; combine multiple via
/// [`VectorAsset::from_paths`].
///
/// ```
/// use damascene_core::vector::{
///     PathBuilder, VectorAsset, VectorColor, VectorLineCap,
/// };
/// use damascene_core::tree::Color;
///
/// let curve = PathBuilder::new()
///     .move_to(0.0, 0.0)
///     .cubic_to(20.0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0, 20.0, 60.0)
///     .stroke_solid(Color::srgb_u8(80, 200, 240), 2.0)
///     .stroke_line_cap(VectorLineCap::Round)
///     .build();
/// let asset = VectorAsset::from_paths([0.0, 0.0, 20.0, 60.0], vec![curve]);
/// // `asset.content_hash()` is stable across rebuilds with the same inputs,
/// // so backends share one atlas slot per unique geometry.
/// # let _ = asset;
/// ```
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PathBuilder {
    segments: Vec<VectorSegment>,
    fill: Option<VectorFill>,
    stroke: Option<VectorStroke>,
}

impl Default for PathBuilder {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl PathBuilder {
    /// Create an empty builder with no segments, fill, or stroke.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            segments: Vec::new(),
            fill: None,
            stroke: None,
        }
    }

    /// SVG `M x y`.
    pub fn move_to(mut self, x: f32, y: f32) -> Self {
        self.segments.push(VectorSegment::MoveTo([x, y]));
        self
    }

    /// SVG `L x y`.
    pub fn line_to(mut self, x: f32, y: f32) -> Self {
        self.segments.push(VectorSegment::LineTo([x, y]));
        self
    }

    /// SVG `Q cx cy x y`.
    pub fn quad_to(mut self, cx: f32, cy: f32, x: f32, y: f32) -> Self {
        self.segments.push(VectorSegment::QuadTo([cx, cy], [x, y]));
        self
    }

    /// SVG `C c1x c1y c2x c2y x y`.
    pub fn cubic_to(mut self, c1x: f32, c1y: f32, c2x: f32, c2y: f32, x: f32, y: f32) -> Self {
        self.segments
            .push(VectorSegment::CubicTo([c1x, c1y], [c2x, c2y], [x, y]));
        self
    }

    /// SVG `Z` — close the current subpath back to its `MoveTo`.
    pub fn close(mut self) -> Self {
        self.segments.push(VectorSegment::Close);
        self
    }

    /// Fill with a solid colour at full opacity, non-zero rule. For
    /// finer control set [`Self::fill`] directly.
    pub fn fill_solid(mut self, color: crate::tree::Color) -> Self {
        self.fill = Some(VectorFill {
            color: VectorColor::Solid(color),
            opacity: 1.0,
            rule: VectorFillRule::NonZero,
        });
        self
    }

    /// Set the fill explicitly. `None` clears it.
    pub fn fill(mut self, fill: Option<VectorFill>) -> Self {
        self.fill = fill;
        self
    }

    /// Stroke with a solid colour and explicit width, with default
    /// line cap (`Butt`), line join (`Miter`), and miter limit (4.0).
    /// For finer control chain [`Self::stroke_line_cap`] /
    /// [`Self::stroke_line_join`] / [`Self::stroke_miter_limit`].
    pub fn stroke_solid(mut self, color: crate::tree::Color, width: f32) -> Self {
        self.stroke = Some(VectorStroke {
            color: VectorColor::Solid(color),
            opacity: 1.0,
            width,
            line_cap: VectorLineCap::Butt,
            line_join: VectorLineJoin::Miter,
            miter_limit: 4.0,
        });
        self
    }

    /// Set the stroke explicitly. `None` clears it.
    pub fn stroke(mut self, stroke: Option<VectorStroke>) -> Self {
        self.stroke = stroke;
        self
    }

    /// SVG `stroke-linecap`. No-op unless a stroke is already set.
    pub fn stroke_line_cap(mut self, cap: VectorLineCap) -> Self {
        if let Some(s) = self.stroke.as_mut() {
            s.line_cap = cap;
        }
        self
    }

    /// SVG `stroke-linejoin`. No-op unless a stroke is already set.
    pub fn stroke_line_join(mut self, join: VectorLineJoin) -> Self {
        if let Some(s) = self.stroke.as_mut() {
            s.line_join = join;
        }
        self
    }

    /// SVG `stroke-miterlimit`. No-op unless a stroke is already set.
    pub fn stroke_miter_limit(mut self, limit: f32) -> Self {
        if let Some(s) = self.stroke.as_mut() {
            s.miter_limit = limit;
        }
        self
    }

    /// SVG `stroke-opacity` in `0.0..=1.0`. No-op unless a stroke is
    /// already set.
    pub fn stroke_opacity(mut self, opacity: f32) -> Self {
        if let Some(s) = self.stroke.as_mut() {
            s.opacity = opacity;
        }
        self
    }

    /// Finish the builder into a [`VectorPath`].
    pub fn build(self) -> VectorPath {
        VectorPath {
            segments: self.segments,
            fill: self.fill,
            stroke: self.stroke,
        }
    }
}

/// One styled path: segments plus optional fill and stroke. The
/// flattened equivalent of an SVG `<path>` element, with transforms
/// already applied so coordinates are absolute viewBox space.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorPath {
    /// Path commands in order, in absolute viewBox coordinates.
    pub segments: Vec<VectorSegment>,
    /// Fill style, or `None` (SVG `fill="none"` or an unsupported paint
    /// such as a pattern).
    pub fill: Option<VectorFill>,
    /// Stroke style, or `None` when the path is not stroked.
    pub stroke: Option<VectorStroke>,
}

/// One absolute path command (SVG `M`/`L`/`Q`/`C`/`Z`). Points are
/// `[x, y]` in viewBox space.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum VectorSegment {
    /// SVG `M x y`: start a new subpath at the point.
    MoveTo([f32; 2]),
    /// SVG `L x y`: straight line to the point.
    LineTo([f32; 2]),
    /// SVG `Q cx cy x y`: quadratic Bézier (control point, endpoint).
    QuadTo([f32; 2], [f32; 2]),
    /// SVG `C c1x c1y c2x c2y x y`: cubic Bézier (two control points,
    /// endpoint).
    CubicTo([f32; 2], [f32; 2], [f32; 2]),
    /// SVG `Z`: close the current subpath back to its `MoveTo`.
    Close,
}

/// Fill style for a path (SVG `fill`, `fill-opacity`, `fill-rule`).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorFill {
    /// Fill paint (SVG `fill`).
    pub color: VectorColor,
    /// SVG `fill-opacity` in `0.0..=1.0`, multiplied into the paint's
    /// alpha at tessellation.
    pub opacity: f32,
    /// SVG `fill-rule`.
    pub rule: VectorFillRule,
}

/// Stroke style for a path (SVG `stroke` and its companion properties).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorStroke {
    /// Stroke paint (SVG `stroke`).
    pub color: VectorColor,
    /// SVG `stroke-opacity` in `0.0..=1.0`, multiplied into the paint's
    /// alpha at tessellation.
    pub opacity: f32,
    /// SVG `stroke-width` in viewBox units; scaled to the destination
    /// rect at tessellation. `currentColor` strokes are instead widened
    /// by [`VectorMeshOptions::stroke_width`].
    pub width: f32,
    /// SVG `stroke-linecap`.
    pub line_cap: VectorLineCap,
    /// SVG `stroke-linejoin`.
    pub line_join: VectorLineJoin,
    /// SVG `stroke-miterlimit` (clamped to `>= 1.0` at tessellation).
    pub miter_limit: f32,
}

/// Paint for a fill or stroke. Kept `Copy` by referencing gradients
/// through an index into the asset's side-table.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum VectorColor {
    /// SVG `currentColor`: substituted with
    /// [`VectorMeshOptions::current_color`] at tessellation.
    CurrentColor,
    /// A solid colour. Palette tokens stay unresolved until
    /// [`VectorAsset::resolved_palette`].
    Solid(Color),
    /// Index into [`VectorAsset::gradients`].
    Gradient(u32),
}

/// A linear or radial gradient resolved to absolute SVG/viewBox space. The
/// stored axis/centre coordinates live in the gradient's own coordinate
/// system; `absolute_to_local` maps a point in absolute SVG space back into
/// that system so per-vertex evaluation is one matrix-multiply away.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum VectorGradient {
    /// SVG `<linearGradient>`.
    Linear(VectorLinearGradient),
    /// SVG `<radialGradient>`.
    Radial(VectorRadialGradient),
}

/// An SVG `<linearGradient>` resolved by usvg (`objectBoundingBox` units
/// already baked into the transform).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorLinearGradient {
    /// Gradient axis start (SVG `x1`/`y1`) in the gradient's local space.
    pub p1: [f32; 2],
    /// Gradient axis end (SVG `x2`/`y2`) in the gradient's local space.
    pub p2: [f32; 2],
    /// Colour stops, sorted by non-decreasing offset.
    pub stops: Vec<VectorGradientStop>,
    /// SVG `spreadMethod`: how the gradient parameter wraps outside `0..=1`.
    pub spread: VectorSpreadMethod,
    /// Row-major 2x3 affine `[sx, kx, tx, ky, sy, ty]` mapping absolute
    /// SVG coordinates into the gradient's own coordinate system.
    pub absolute_to_local: [f32; 6],
}

/// An SVG `<radialGradient>` resolved by usvg (`objectBoundingBox` units
/// already baked into the transform).
///
/// Sampling currently treats the gradient as concentric about `center`
/// with radius `radius`; offset focal points parse but render without
/// the focal-cone projection.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorRadialGradient {
    /// Centre (SVG `cx`/`cy`) in the gradient's local space.
    pub center: [f32; 2],
    /// Radius (SVG `r`) in the gradient's local space.
    pub radius: f32,
    /// Focal point (SVG `fx`/`fy`); see the concentric-sampling note above.
    pub focal: [f32; 2],
    /// Focal radius (SVG `fr`); see the concentric-sampling note above.
    pub focal_radius: f32,
    /// Colour stops, sorted by non-decreasing offset.
    pub stops: Vec<VectorGradientStop>,
    /// SVG `spreadMethod`: how the gradient parameter wraps outside `0..=1`.
    pub spread: VectorSpreadMethod,
    /// Row-major 2x3 affine `[sx, kx, tx, ky, sy, ty]` mapping absolute
    /// SVG coordinates into the gradient's own coordinate system.
    pub absolute_to_local: [f32; 6],
}

/// A gradient stop. The colour is stored in linear premultiplied-friendly
/// floats (sRGB → linear, with the per-stop opacity baked into the alpha)
/// so vertex interpolation matches what the shader expects.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorGradientStop {
    /// Stop position along the gradient in `0.0..=1.0` (SVG stop
    /// `offset`), non-decreasing across the stop list.
    pub offset: f32,
    /// Canonical linear sRGB, baked at parse time. Assets are cached and
    /// space-independent; conversion into the negotiated working space
    /// happens at tessellation (see [`VectorMeshOptions::working_color_space`]).
    pub color: [f32; 4],
}

/// SVG gradient `spreadMethod`: how the gradient parameter behaves
/// outside `0..=1`.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum VectorSpreadMethod {
    /// SVG `pad` (the default): clamp to the edge stops.
    Pad,
    /// SVG `reflect`: mirror back and forth.
    Reflect,
    /// SVG `repeat`: wrap around.
    Repeat,
}

/// SVG `fill-rule`: how self-intersecting paths determine interior
/// coverage.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum VectorFillRule {
    /// SVG `nonzero` (the default): winding-number rule.
    NonZero,
    /// SVG `evenodd`: crossing-parity rule.
    EvenOdd,
}

/// SVG `stroke-linecap`: the shape drawn at the ends of open subpaths.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum VectorLineCap {
    /// SVG `butt` (the default): flat edge exactly at the endpoint.
    Butt,
    /// SVG `round`: semicircular cap.
    Round,
    /// SVG `square`: square cap extending half the stroke width.
    Square,
}

/// SVG `stroke-linejoin`: the shape drawn where path segments meet.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum VectorLineJoin {
    /// SVG `miter` (the default): sharp corner, subject to the miter limit.
    Miter,
    /// SVG `miter-clip`: miter clipped at the limit instead of falling
    /// back to bevel.
    MiterClip,
    /// SVG `round`: circular-arc corner.
    Round,
    /// SVG `bevel`: flat corner.
    Bevel,
}

/// Shader-side material treatment for icon meshes, selected per theme
/// via [`crate::theme::Theme::with_icon_material`].
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum IconMaterial {
    /// Direct premultiplied color. This is the baseline material and
    /// should match ordinary flat SVG rendering.
    #[default]
    Flat,
    /// A proof material that uses local vector coordinates to add a
    /// subtle top-left highlight and lower shadow. This exists to prove
    /// the shared mesh carries enough data for shader-controlled icon
    /// treatments.
    Relief,
    /// A glossy icon material with local-coordinate glints and a soft
    /// inner shade. Pairs with translucent/glass surfaces.
    Glass,
}

/// One tessellated vertex of a [`VectorMesh`]. `#[repr(C)]` and `Pod`
/// so backends can upload vertex buffers directly.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Pod, Zeroable)]
pub struct VectorMeshVertex {
    /// Logical-pixel position after fitting the vector asset into its
    /// destination rect.
    pub pos: [f32; 2],
    /// SVG/viewBox-space coordinate. Theme shaders can use this for
    /// gradients, highlights, bevels, and other icon-local effects.
    pub local: [f32; 2],
    /// Vertex RGBA in the mesh's working color space (see
    /// [`VectorMeshOptions::working_color_space`]), with fill/stroke
    /// opacity baked into alpha.
    pub color: [f32; 4],
    /// Reserved for material shaders: x = path index, y = primitive
    /// kind (0 fill, 1 stroke), z/w reserved.
    pub meta: [f32; 4],
}

/// A tessellated vector asset as a flat, non-indexed triangle list.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorMesh {
    /// Triangle-list vertices: every three consecutive vertices form one
    /// triangle (indices are pre-expanded).
    pub vertices: Vec<VectorMeshVertex>,
}

/// The span appended to a shared vertex vector by
/// [`append_vector_asset_mesh`] — a draw range for non-indexed rendering.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorMeshRun {
    /// Index of the run's first vertex in the destination vector.
    pub first: u32,
    /// Number of vertices in the run (a multiple of 3; 0 for a
    /// degenerate destination rect).
    pub count: u32,
}

/// Parameters for tessellating a [`VectorAsset`] into a [`VectorMesh`].
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct VectorMeshOptions {
    /// Destination rectangle in logical pixels; the asset's view box is
    /// scaled (per-axis, so possibly non-uniformly) to fill it.
    pub rect: crate::tree::Rect,
    /// Colour substituted for SVG `currentColor` fills and strokes.
    pub current_color: Color,
    /// Stroke width in viewBox units applied to `currentColor` strokes,
    /// overriding their authored width; other strokes keep their own.
    pub stroke_width: f32,
    /// Curve-flattening tolerance for the lyon tessellators, in
    /// destination logical pixels (lower is smoother;
    /// [`VectorMeshOptions::icon`] uses `0.05`).
    pub tolerance: f32,
    /// Working color space vertex colors are packed in — solid fills,
    /// `currentColor`, and sampled gradient stops all cross the
    /// working-space boundary here (`rgba_f32_in` semantics). Backends
    /// pass their painter's negotiated space.
    pub working_color_space: ColorSpace,
}

impl VectorMeshOptions {
    /// Options preset for UI icons: the given rect, `currentColor`,
    /// stroke width, and working space, with the icon-tuned tolerance of
    /// `0.05` logical pixels.
    pub fn icon(
        rect: crate::tree::Rect,
        current_color: Color,
        stroke_width: f32,
        working_color_space: ColorSpace,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            rect,
            current_color,
            stroke_width,
            tolerance: 0.05,
            working_color_space,
        }
    }
}

/// Error returned by [`parse_svg_asset`]: the SVG failed to parse, or it
/// produced no renderable paths.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct VectorParseError {
    message: String,
}

impl VectorParseError {
    fn new(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self {
            message: message.into(),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for VectorParseError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&self.message)
    }
}

impl Error for VectorParseError {}

/// Parse an SVG string into a [`VectorAsset`], preserving authored
/// fills, strokes, and gradients.
///
/// usvg performs the normalization: XML, style inheritance, transforms,
/// arcs, and basic shapes are resolved, and groups are flattened to
/// paths. Unsupported paint (patterns) and non-path content (text,
/// images, filters) are silently dropped. Errors if the SVG fails to
/// parse or yields no renderable paths.
pub fn parse_svg_asset(svg: &str) -> Result<VectorAsset, VectorParseError> {
    parse_svg_asset_with_color_mode(svg, false)
}

/// Tessellate `asset` into a standalone triangle-list [`VectorMesh`].
/// Convenience over [`append_vector_asset_mesh`] for callers that do not
/// batch several assets into one shared vertex vector.
pub fn tessellate_vector_asset(asset: &VectorAsset, options: VectorMeshOptions) -> VectorMesh {
    let mut mesh = VectorMesh::default();
    append_vector_asset_mesh(asset, options, &mut mesh.vertices);
    mesh
}

/// Tessellate `asset` and append its triangle-list vertices to `out`,
/// returning the appended span as a [`VectorMeshRun`].
///
/// Fills and strokes are flattened with lyon at `options.tolerance`,
/// scaled from the asset's view box into `options.rect`, and coloured
/// in `options.working_color_space` (solid fills, `currentColor`, and
/// gradient samples alike). Returns an empty run when the destination
/// rect has zero or negative area.
pub fn append_vector_asset_mesh(
    asset: &VectorAsset,
    options: VectorMeshOptions,
    out: &mut Vec<VectorMeshVertex>,
) -> VectorMeshRun {
    let first = out.len() as u32;
    if options.rect.w <= 0.0 || options.rect.h <= 0.0 {
        return VectorMeshRun { first, count: 0 };
    }

    let [vx, vy, vw, vh] = asset.view_box;
    // SVG: a viewBox with a zero (or negative) dimension disables
    // rendering of the element entirely. Dividing by the real extent
    // otherwise keeps sub-unit view boxes (legal SVG, e.g. 0.5 units
    // wide) scaling correctly instead of silently rendering at the
    // wrong size through a `max(1.0)` guard.
    if vw <= 0.0 || vh <= 0.0 {
        return VectorMeshRun { first, count: 0 };
    }
    let sx = options.rect.w / vw;
    let sy = options.rect.h / vh;
    let stroke_scale = (sx + sy) * 0.5;

    for (path_index, vector_path) in asset.paths.iter().enumerate() {
        let path = build_lyon_path(vector_path, options.rect, [vx, vy], [sx, sy]);
        if let Some(fill) = vector_path.fill {
            let sampler = ColorSampler::build(
                fill.color,
                fill.opacity,
                options.current_color,
                &asset.gradients,
                options.working_color_space,
            );
            let mut geometry: VertexBuffers<VectorMeshVertex, u16> = VertexBuffers::new();
            let fill_options =
                FillOptions::tolerance(options.tolerance).with_fill_rule(match fill.rule {
                    VectorFillRule::NonZero => lyon_tessellation::FillRule::NonZero,
                    VectorFillRule::EvenOdd => lyon_tessellation::FillRule::EvenOdd,
                });
            let _ = FillTessellator::new().tessellate_path(
                &path,
                &fill_options,
                &mut BuffersBuilder::new(&mut geometry, |v: FillVertex<'_>| {
                    make_mesh_vertex_sampled(
                        v.position(),
                        options.rect,
                        [vx, vy],
                        [sx, sy],
                        &sampler,
                        path_index,
                        VectorPrimitiveKind::Fill,
                    )
                }),
            );
            append_indexed(&geometry, out);
        }

        if let Some(stroke) = vector_path.stroke {
            let sampler = ColorSampler::build(
                stroke.color,
                stroke.opacity,
                options.current_color,
                &asset.gradients,
                options.working_color_space,
            );
            let width = if matches!(stroke.color, VectorColor::CurrentColor) {
                options.stroke_width * stroke_scale
            } else {
                stroke.width * stroke_scale
            }
            .max(0.5);
            let mut geometry: VertexBuffers<VectorMeshVertex, u16> = VertexBuffers::new();
            let stroke_options = StrokeOptions::tolerance(options.tolerance)
                .with_line_width(width)
                .with_line_cap(match stroke.line_cap {
                    VectorLineCap::Butt => LineCap::Butt,
                    VectorLineCap::Round => LineCap::Round,
                    VectorLineCap::Square => LineCap::Square,
                })
                .with_line_join(match stroke.line_join {
                    VectorLineJoin::Miter => LineJoin::Miter,
                    VectorLineJoin::MiterClip => LineJoin::MiterClip,
                    VectorLineJoin::Round => LineJoin::Round,
                    VectorLineJoin::Bevel => LineJoin::Bevel,
                })
                .with_miter_limit(stroke.miter_limit.max(1.0));
            let _ = StrokeTessellator::new().tessellate_path(
                &path,
                &stroke_options,
                &mut BuffersBuilder::new(&mut geometry, |v: StrokeVertex<'_, '_>| {
                    make_mesh_vertex_sampled(
                        v.position(),
                        options.rect,
                        [vx, vy],
                        [sx, sy],
                        &sampler,
                        path_index,
                        VectorPrimitiveKind::Stroke,
                    )
                }),
            );
            append_indexed(&geometry, out);
        }
    }

    VectorMeshRun {
        first,
        count: out.len() as u32 - first,
    }
}

pub(crate) fn parse_current_color_svg_asset(svg: &str) -> Result<VectorAsset, VectorParseError> {
    parse_svg_asset_with_color_mode(svg, true)
}

fn parse_svg_asset_with_color_mode(
    svg: &str,
    force_current_color: bool,
) -> Result<VectorAsset, VectorParseError> {
    let tree = usvg::Tree::from_str(svg, &usvg::Options::default())
        .map_err(|e| VectorParseError::new(format!("invalid SVG: {e}")))?;
    let size = tree.size();
    let mut asset = VectorAsset {
        view_box: [0.0, 0.0, size.width(), size.height()],
        paths: Vec::new(),
        gradients: Vec::new(),
    };
    collect_group(
        tree.root(),
        force_current_color,
        &mut asset.paths,
        &mut asset.gradients,
    );
    if asset.paths.is_empty() {
        return Err(VectorParseError::new("SVG produced no renderable paths"));
    }
    Ok(asset)
}

fn collect_group(
    group: &usvg::Group,
    force_current_color: bool,
    out: &mut Vec<VectorPath>,
    gradients: &mut Vec<VectorGradient>,
) {
    for node in group.children() {
        match node {
            usvg::Node::Group(group) => collect_group(group, force_current_color, out, gradients),
            usvg::Node::Path(path) if path.is_visible() => {
                if let Some(vector_path) = convert_path(path, force_current_color, gradients) {
                    out.push(vector_path);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}

fn convert_path(
    path: &usvg::Path,
    force_current_color: bool,
    gradients: &mut Vec<VectorGradient>,
) -> Option<VectorPath> {
    let transform = path.abs_transform();
    let mut segments = Vec::new();
    for segment in path.data().segments() {
        match segment {
            tiny_skia_path::PathSegment::MoveTo(p) => {
                segments.push(VectorSegment::MoveTo(map_point(transform, p)));
            }
            tiny_skia_path::PathSegment::LineTo(p) => {
                segments.push(VectorSegment::LineTo(map_point(transform, p)));
            }
            tiny_skia_path::PathSegment::QuadTo(p0, p1) => {
                segments.push(VectorSegment::QuadTo(
                    map_point(transform, p0),
                    map_point(transform, p1),
                ));
            }
            tiny_skia_path::PathSegment::CubicTo(p0, p1, p2) => {
                segments.push(VectorSegment::CubicTo(
                    map_point(transform, p0),
                    map_point(transform, p1),
                    map_point(transform, p2),
                ));
            }
            tiny_skia_path::PathSegment::Close => segments.push(VectorSegment::Close),
        }
    }
    if segments.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }

    Some(VectorPath {
        segments,
        fill: path
            .fill()
            .and_then(|fill| convert_fill(fill, transform, force_current_color, gradients)),
        stroke: path
            .stroke()
            .and_then(|stroke| convert_stroke(stroke, transform, force_current_color, gradients)),
    })
}

fn convert_fill(
    fill: &usvg::Fill,
    abs_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
    force_current_color: bool,
    gradients: &mut Vec<VectorGradient>,
) -> Option<VectorFill> {
    Some(VectorFill {
        color: convert_paint(fill.paint(), abs_transform, force_current_color, gradients)?,
        opacity: fill.opacity().get(),
        rule: match fill.rule() {
            usvg::FillRule::NonZero => VectorFillRule::NonZero,
            usvg::FillRule::EvenOdd => VectorFillRule::EvenOdd,
        },
    })
}

fn convert_stroke(
    stroke: &usvg::Stroke,
    abs_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
    force_current_color: bool,
    gradients: &mut Vec<VectorGradient>,
) -> Option<VectorStroke> {
    Some(VectorStroke {
        color: convert_paint(
            stroke.paint(),
            abs_transform,
            force_current_color,
            gradients,
        )?,
        opacity: stroke.opacity().get(),
        width: stroke.width().get(),
        line_cap: match stroke.linecap() {
            usvg::LineCap::Butt => VectorLineCap::Butt,
            usvg::LineCap::Round => VectorLineCap::Round,
            usvg::LineCap::Square => VectorLineCap::Square,
        },
        line_join: match stroke.linejoin() {
            usvg::LineJoin::Miter => VectorLineJoin::Miter,
            usvg::LineJoin::MiterClip => VectorLineJoin::MiterClip,
            usvg::LineJoin::Round => VectorLineJoin::Round,
            usvg::LineJoin::Bevel => VectorLineJoin::Bevel,
        },
        miter_limit: stroke.miterlimit().get(),
    })
}

fn convert_paint(
    paint: &usvg::Paint,
    abs_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
    force_current_color: bool,
    gradients: &mut Vec<VectorGradient>,
) -> Option<VectorColor> {
    if force_current_color {
        return Some(VectorColor::CurrentColor);
    }
    match paint {
        usvg::Paint::Color(c) => Some(VectorColor::Solid(Color::srgb_u8a(
            c.red, c.green, c.blue, 255,
        ))),
        usvg::Paint::LinearGradient(lg) => {
            let g = convert_linear_gradient(lg, abs_transform)?;
            let idx = gradients.len() as u32;
            gradients.push(VectorGradient::Linear(g));
            Some(VectorColor::Gradient(idx))
        }
        usvg::Paint::RadialGradient(rg) => {
            let g = convert_radial_gradient(rg, abs_transform)?;
            let idx = gradients.len() as u32;
            gradients.push(VectorGradient::Radial(g));
            Some(VectorColor::Gradient(idx))
        }
        usvg::Paint::Pattern(_) => None,
    }
}

fn convert_linear_gradient(
    lg: &usvg::LinearGradient,
    abs_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
) -> Option<VectorLinearGradient> {
    let stops = convert_stops(lg.stops());
    if stops.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }
    let absolute_to_local = build_absolute_to_local(abs_transform, lg.transform())?;
    Some(VectorLinearGradient {
        p1: [lg.x1(), lg.y1()],
        p2: [lg.x2(), lg.y2()],
        stops,
        spread: convert_spread(lg.spread_method()),
        absolute_to_local,
    })
}

fn convert_radial_gradient(
    rg: &usvg::RadialGradient,
    abs_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
) -> Option<VectorRadialGradient> {
    let stops = convert_stops(rg.stops());
    if stops.is_empty() {
        return None;
    }
    let absolute_to_local = build_absolute_to_local(abs_transform, rg.transform())?;
    Some(VectorRadialGradient {
        center: [rg.cx(), rg.cy()],
        radius: rg.r().get(),
        focal: [rg.fx(), rg.fy()],
        focal_radius: rg.fr().get(),
        stops,
        spread: convert_spread(rg.spread_method()),
        absolute_to_local,
    })
}

fn convert_stops(stops: &[usvg::Stop]) -> Vec<VectorGradientStop> {
    let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(stops.len());
    let mut last_offset = 0.0_f32;
    for stop in stops {
        // SVG requires monotonically non-decreasing offsets; nudge so a
        // straight binary search over `out` always works.
        let offset = stop.offset().get().max(last_offset);
        last_offset = offset;
        // Canonicalize to linear sRGB explicitly (not the working-space
        // default): parsed assets are cached across frames, so the bake
        // must not depend on any negotiated space.
        let mut rgba = rgba_f32_in(
            Color::srgb_u8a(stop.color().red, stop.color().green, stop.color().blue, 255),
            ColorSpace::SRGB_LINEAR,
        );
        rgba[3] *= stop.opacity().get();
        out.push(VectorGradientStop {
            offset,
            color: rgba,
        });
    }
    out
}

fn convert_spread(method: usvg::SpreadMethod) -> VectorSpreadMethod {
    match method {
        usvg::SpreadMethod::Pad => VectorSpreadMethod::Pad,
        usvg::SpreadMethod::Reflect => VectorSpreadMethod::Reflect,
        usvg::SpreadMethod::Repeat => VectorSpreadMethod::Repeat,
    }
}

/// Build the inverse transform that maps an absolute SVG coordinate (post
/// `path.abs_transform()`) into the gradient's own coordinate system.
///
/// `gradient_transform` from usvg already takes a gradient-local point into
/// the path's *local* user space (with bbox-units pre-baked). Composing
/// with `abs_transform` lifts that into absolute space; inverting gives us
/// the back-mapping the per-vertex sampler needs.
fn build_absolute_to_local(
    abs_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
    gradient_transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform,
) -> Option<[f32; 6]> {
    let local_to_absolute = abs_transform.pre_concat(gradient_transform);
    let inv = local_to_absolute.invert()?;
    Some([inv.sx, inv.kx, inv.tx, inv.ky, inv.sy, inv.ty])
}

fn map_point(transform: tiny_skia_path::Transform, mut point: tiny_skia_path::Point) -> [f32; 2] {
    transform.map_point(&mut point);
    [point.x, point.y]
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
enum VectorPrimitiveKind {
    Fill,
    Stroke,
}

fn build_lyon_path(
    path: &VectorPath,
    rect: crate::tree::Rect,
    view_origin: [f32; 2],
    scale: [f32; 2],
) -> LyonPath {
    let mut builder = LyonPath::builder();
    let mut open = false;
    for segment in &path.segments {
        match *segment {
            VectorSegment::MoveTo(p) => {
                if open {
                    builder.end(false);
                }
                builder.begin(map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, p));
                open = true;
            }
            VectorSegment::LineTo(p) => {
                builder.line_to(map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, p));
            }
            VectorSegment::QuadTo(c, p) => {
                builder.quadratic_bezier_to(
                    map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, c),
                    map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, p),
                );
            }
            VectorSegment::CubicTo(c0, c1, p) => {
                builder.cubic_bezier_to(
                    map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, c0),
                    map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, c1),
                    map_mesh_point(rect, view_origin, scale, p),
                );
            }
            VectorSegment::Close => {
                if open {
                    builder.close();
                    open = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if open {
        builder.end(false);
    }
    builder.build()
}

fn map_mesh_point(
    rect: crate::tree::Rect,
    view_origin: [f32; 2],
    scale: [f32; 2],
    p: [f32; 2],
) -> lyon_tessellation::math::Point {
    point(
        rect.x + (p[0] - view_origin[0]) * scale[0],
        rect.y + (p[1] - view_origin[1]) * scale[1],
    )
}

fn make_mesh_vertex_sampled(
    p: lyon_tessellation::math::Point,
    rect: crate::tree::Rect,
    view_origin: [f32; 2],
    scale: [f32; 2],
    sampler: &ColorSampler<'_>,
    path_index: usize,
    kind: VectorPrimitiveKind,
) -> VectorMeshVertex {
    let local = [
        view_origin[0] + (p.x - rect.x) / scale[0].max(f32::EPSILON),
        view_origin[1] + (p.y - rect.y) / scale[1].max(f32::EPSILON),
    ];
    VectorMeshVertex {
        pos: [p.x, p.y],
        local,
        color: sampler.sample(local),
        meta: [
            path_index as f32,
            match kind {
                VectorPrimitiveKind::Fill => 0.0,
                VectorPrimitiveKind::Stroke => 1.0,
            },
            0.0,
            0.0,
        ],
    }
}

/// Per-vertex colour resolver. Solid/`currentColor` paths bake to a single
/// constant; gradient paths defer to per-vertex evaluation against the
/// vertex's SVG-space `local` coordinate. All variants resolve into the
/// mesh's working color space.
enum ColorSampler<'a> {
    Solid([f32; 4]),
    Gradient {
        gradient: &'a VectorGradient,
        opacity: f32,
        working: ColorSpace,
    },
}

impl<'a> ColorSampler<'a> {
    fn build(
        color: VectorColor,
        opacity: f32,
        current_color: Color,
        gradients: &'a [VectorGradient],
        working: ColorSpace,
    ) -> Self {
        let opacity = opacity.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
        match color {
            VectorColor::CurrentColor => {
                let mut c = rgba_f32_in(current_color, working);
                c[3] *= opacity;
                Self::Solid(c)
            }
            VectorColor::Solid(c) => {
                let mut rgba = rgba_f32_in(c, working);
                rgba[3] *= opacity;
                Self::Solid(rgba)
            }
            VectorColor::Gradient(idx) => match gradients.get(idx as usize) {
                Some(gradient) => Self::Gradient {
                    gradient,
                    opacity,
                    working,
                },
                // Index out of range — should not happen for parsed assets;
                // keep the path renderable as transparent rather than crashing.
                None => Self::Solid([0.0; 4]),
            },
        }
    }

    fn sample(&self, abs_local: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 4] {
        match self {
            Self::Solid(c) => *c,
            Self::Gradient {
                gradient,
                opacity,
                working,
            } => {
                // Stops are canonical linear sRGB (parse-time); convert the
                // lerped sample into the working space. Both spaces are
                // linear, so converting after the lerp equals converting
                // each stop first.
                let [r, g, b, a] = sample_gradient(gradient, abs_local);
                let mut c = rgba_f32_in(Color::srgb_linear(r, g, b, a), *working);
                c[3] *= *opacity;
                c
            }
        }
    }
}

fn sample_gradient(gradient: &VectorGradient, abs_local: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 4] {
    match gradient {
        VectorGradient::Linear(g) => {
            let local = apply_affine(&g.absolute_to_local, abs_local);
            let dx = g.p2[0] - g.p1[0];
            let dy = g.p2[1] - g.p1[1];
            let len2 = (dx * dx + dy * dy).max(f32::EPSILON);
            let t = ((local[0] - g.p1[0]) * dx + (local[1] - g.p1[1]) * dy) / len2;
            sample_stops(&g.stops, apply_spread(t, g.spread))
        }
        VectorGradient::Radial(g) => {
            // Damascene v0: treat radial gradients as concentric about `center`
            // with radius `radius`. This matches the common authoring case
            // (focal == centre, focal_radius == 0); offset focal points are
            // accepted but rendered without the cone-projection nuance.
            let local = apply_affine(&g.absolute_to_local, abs_local);
            let dx = local[0] - g.center[0];
            let dy = local[1] - g.center[1];
            let radius = g.radius.max(f32::EPSILON);
            let t = (dx * dx + dy * dy).sqrt() / radius;
            sample_stops(&g.stops, apply_spread(t, g.spread))
        }
    }
}

fn apply_affine(m: &[f32; 6], p: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 2] {
    [
        p[0] * m[0] + p[1] * m[1] + m[2],
        p[0] * m[3] + p[1] * m[4] + m[5],
    ]
}

fn apply_spread(t: f32, spread: VectorSpreadMethod) -> f32 {
    match spread {
        VectorSpreadMethod::Pad => t.clamp(0.0, 1.0),
        VectorSpreadMethod::Reflect => {
            let m = t.rem_euclid(2.0);
            if m > 1.0 { 2.0 - m } else { m }
        }
        VectorSpreadMethod::Repeat => t.rem_euclid(1.0),
    }
}

fn sample_stops(stops: &[VectorGradientStop], t: f32) -> [f32; 4] {
    if stops.is_empty() {
        return [0.0; 4];
    }
    if t <= stops[0].offset {
        return stops[0].color;
    }
    let last = stops.len() - 1;
    if t >= stops[last].offset {
        return stops[last].color;
    }
    for i in 1..stops.len() {
        if t <= stops[i].offset {
            let prev = &stops[i - 1];
            let next = &stops[i];
            let span = (next.offset - prev.offset).max(f32::EPSILON);
            let frac = ((t - prev.offset) / span).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            return [
                prev.color[0] + (next.color[0] - prev.color[0]) * frac,
                prev.color[1] + (next.color[1] - prev.color[1]) * frac,
                prev.color[2] + (next.color[2] - prev.color[2]) * frac,
                prev.color[3] + (next.color[3] - prev.color[3]) * frac,
            ];
        }
    }
    stops[last].color
}

fn append_indexed(
    geometry: &VertexBuffers<VectorMeshVertex, u16>,
    out: &mut Vec<VectorMeshVertex>,
) {
    for index in &geometry.indices {
        if let Some(vertex) = geometry.vertices.get(*index as usize) {
            out.push(*vertex);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::icons::{all_icon_names, icon_vector_asset};

    #[test]
    fn parses_basic_svg_shapes_into_paths() {
        let asset = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"/></svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(asset.view_box, [0.0, 0.0, 24.0, 24.0]);
        assert_eq!(asset.paths.len(), 1);
        assert!(asset.paths[0].stroke.is_some());
        assert!(asset.paths[0].segments.len() > 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn sub_unit_view_box_scales_to_fill_the_destination_rect() {
        // A 0.5×0.5 viewBox is legal SVG; the old `vw.max(1.0)`
        // div-by-zero guard silently rendered it at half size.
        let asset = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 0.5 0.5"><rect width="0.5" height="0.5" fill="#f00"/></svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
            &asset,
            VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0),
                Color::srgb_u8(0, 0, 0),
                2.0,
                ColorSpace::SRGB_LINEAR,
            ),
        );
        let max_x = mesh
            .vertices
            .iter()
            .map(|v| v.pos[0])
            .fold(f32::MIN, f32::max);
        let max_y = mesh
            .vertices
            .iter()
            .map(|v| v.pos[1])
            .fold(f32::MIN, f32::max);
        assert!(
            (max_x - 100.0).abs() < 0.5 && (max_y - 100.0).abs() < 0.5,
            "0.5-unit square should fill the 100px rect, got extent ({max_x}, {max_y})"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn zero_dimension_view_box_renders_nothing() {
        // SVG: `viewBox` with a zero width or height disables rendering
        // of the element.
        let asset = VectorAsset::from_paths([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 24.0], Vec::new());
        let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
            &asset,
            VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 16.0, 16.0),
                Color::srgb_u8(0, 0, 0),
                2.0,
                ColorSpace::SRGB_LINEAR,
            ),
        );
        assert!(mesh.vertices.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn tessellates_every_builtin_icon() {
        for name in all_icon_names() {
            let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
                icon_vector_asset(*name),
                VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                    crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 16.0, 16.0),
                    Color::srgb_u8(15, 23, 42),
                    2.0,
                    ColorSpace::SRGB_LINEAR,
                ),
            );
            assert!(
                !mesh.vertices.is_empty(),
                "{} produced no tessellated vertices",
                name.name()
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_linear_gradient_paint() {
        let asset = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
                <defs>
                    <linearGradient id="g" x1="0" y1="0" x2="100" y2="0" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
                        <stop offset="0" stop-color="#ff0000"/>
                        <stop offset="1" stop-color="#0000ff"/>
                    </linearGradient>
                </defs>
                <rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(#g)"/>
            </svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(asset.gradients.len(), 1);
        assert!(matches!(
            asset.paths[0].fill.unwrap().color,
            VectorColor::Gradient(_)
        ));
        match &asset.gradients[0] {
            VectorGradient::Linear(g) => {
                assert_eq!(g.stops.len(), 2);
                assert_eq!(g.spread, VectorSpreadMethod::Pad);
                assert_eq!(g.p1, [0.0, 0.0]);
                assert_eq!(g.p2, [100.0, 0.0]);
            }
            other => panic!("expected linear gradient, got {other:?}"),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn bakes_gradient_into_per_vertex_colors() {
        let asset = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
                <defs>
                    <linearGradient id="g" x1="0" y1="0" x2="100" y2="0" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
                        <stop offset="0" stop-color="#ff0000"/>
                        <stop offset="1" stop-color="#0000ff"/>
                    </linearGradient>
                </defs>
                <rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(#g)"/>
            </svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
            &asset,
            VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 200.0),
                Color::srgb_u8(0, 0, 0),
                2.0,
                ColorSpace::SRGB_LINEAR,
            ),
        );
        assert!(!mesh.vertices.is_empty());

        // Vertices on the left side of the rect should be reddish; on the
        // right side, bluish. (Linear gradients evaluate in linear-RGB
        // space, so red dominates in [0]/[2].)
        let mut min_x_vert = mesh.vertices[0];
        let mut max_x_vert = mesh.vertices[0];
        for v in &mesh.vertices {
            if v.local[0] < min_x_vert.local[0] {
                min_x_vert = *v;
            }
            if v.local[0] > max_x_vert.local[0] {
                max_x_vert = *v;
            }
        }
        assert!(
            min_x_vert.color[0] > min_x_vert.color[2],
            "left edge should be redder: {:?}",
            min_x_vert.color
        );
        assert!(
            max_x_vert.color[2] > max_x_vert.color[0],
            "right edge should be bluer: {:?}",
            max_x_vert.color
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn has_gradient_distinguishes_flat_from_gradient_assets() {
        let flat = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4" fill="#fff"/></svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(!flat.has_gradient());

        let gradient = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
                <defs><linearGradient id="g" x1="0" y1="0" x2="100" y2="0" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
                    <stop offset="0" stop-color="#ff0000"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#0000ff"/>
                </linearGradient></defs>
                <rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(#g)"/>
            </svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(gradient.has_gradient());
    }

    #[test]
    fn parses_pipewire_volume_icon_with_all_gradients() {
        // Sanity-check end-to-end on a real-world authored SVG: five
        // linear/radial gradients plus an unsupported drop-shadow filter
        // (which is silently dropped, not an error).
        let svg = r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" width="1024" height="1024">
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="arcGradient" x1="210" y1="720" x2="805" y2="260" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#0667ff"/>
      <stop offset="0.52" stop-color="#139cff"/>
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#11e4dc"/>
    </linearGradient>
    <linearGradient id="dotGradient" x1="585" y1="780" x2="805" y2="455" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#065eff"/>
      <stop offset="0.55" stop-color="#0d9fff"/>
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#10e5dc"/>
    </linearGradient>
    <radialGradient id="knobFace" cx="42%" cy="36%" r="72%">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#12366c"/>
      <stop offset="0.42" stop-color="#0b2554"/>
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#071736"/>
    </radialGradient>
    <linearGradient id="knobRim" x1="320" y1="310" x2="735" y2="740" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#214f9b"/>
      <stop offset="0.48" stop-color="#17386f"/>
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#285aa7"/>
    </linearGradient>
    <linearGradient id="needleGradient" x1="565" y1="425" x2="670" y2="320" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#0872ff"/>
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#168aff"/>
    </linearGradient>
  </defs>
  <path d="M 296 720 A 300 300 0 1 1 794 409" fill="none" stroke="url(#arcGradient)" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round"/>
  <circle cx="512" cy="512" r="210" fill="url(#knobRim)"/>
  <circle cx="512" cy="512" r="192" fill="url(#knobFace)"/>
  <line x1="569" y1="433" x2="663" y2="339" stroke="url(#needleGradient)" stroke-width="30" stroke-linecap="round"/>
  <circle cx="612" cy="787" r="13" fill="url(#dotGradient)"/>
  <circle cx="664" cy="764" r="14" fill="url(#dotGradient)"/>
</svg>"##;
        let asset = parse_svg_asset(svg).unwrap();
        // 1 arc stroke + 2 knob fills + 1 needle stroke + 2 dot fills = 6 paths.
        assert_eq!(asset.paths.len(), 6);
        // At least one gradient per distinct paint server (5). usvg may
        // duplicate when the same gradient is referenced by multiple
        // paths after bbox resolution; we don't pin the exact count
        // because that's a usvg-internal detail.
        assert!(asset.gradients.len() >= 5);

        let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
            &asset,
            VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 256.0, 256.0),
                Color::srgb_u8(0, 0, 0),
                2.0,
                ColorSpace::SRGB_LINEAR,
            ),
        );
        assert!(!mesh.vertices.is_empty());
        // Some vertices must carry non-zero colour — if gradients silently
        // dropped to transparent, every channel would be 0.
        let any_lit = mesh
            .vertices
            .iter()
            .any(|v| v.color[0] + v.color[1] + v.color[2] > 0.01);
        assert!(any_lit, "no lit vertices — gradients did not render");
    }

    /// Regression for #77: tess vertex colors must land in the mesh's
    /// working color space — solid fills, `currentColor`, and gradient
    /// samples alike. In Display-P3-linear, sRGB red keeps a non-zero
    /// green component; the old default-space packing left it at 0.
    #[test]
    fn vertex_colors_convert_into_the_working_space() {
        let p3 = ColorSpace::DISPLAY_P3_LINEAR;
        let red = Color::srgb_u8(255, 0, 0);
        let expected = rgba_f32_in(red, p3);
        assert!(expected[1] > 0.01, "P3 red must have green > 0");

        // Solid authored fill.
        let solid = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><rect width="100" height="100" fill="#ff0000"/></svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
            &solid,
            VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0),
                Color::srgb_u8(0, 0, 0),
                2.0,
                p3,
            ),
        );
        for v in &mesh.vertices {
            for (got, want) in v.color.iter().zip(&expected) {
                assert!(
                    (got - want).abs() < 1e-5,
                    "solid fill should pack P3-converted red, got {:?} want {expected:?}",
                    v.color
                );
            }
        }

        // Gradient with identical red endpoints: the lerp is constant, so
        // every sampled vertex must also be the P3-converted red.
        let grad = parse_svg_asset(
            r##"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
                <defs>
                    <linearGradient id="g" x1="0" y1="0" x2="100" y2="0" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
                        <stop offset="0" stop-color="#ff0000"/>
                        <stop offset="1" stop-color="#ff0000"/>
                    </linearGradient>
                </defs>
                <rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(#g)"/>
            </svg>"##,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let mesh = tessellate_vector_asset(
            &grad,
            VectorMeshOptions::icon(
                crate::tree::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0),
                Color::srgb_u8(0, 0, 0),
                2.0,
                p3,
            ),
        );
        assert!(!mesh.vertices.is_empty());
        for v in &mesh.vertices {
            for (got, want) in v.color.iter().zip(&expected) {
                assert!(
                    (got - want).abs() < 1e-4,
                    "gradient sample should be P3-converted red, got {:?} want {expected:?}",
                    v.color
                );
            }
        }
    }
}