xh

xh is a friendly and fast tool for sending HTTP requests. It reimplements as much as possible of HTTPie's excellent design, with a focus on improved performance.

Installation

via cURL (Linux & macOS)

curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ducaale/xh/master/install.sh | sh

via Powershell (Windows)

iwr -useb https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ducaale/xh/master/install.ps1 | iex

via a package manager

* Make sure that you have Rust 1.54 or later installed

** The xh package is available in Edge and will be in v3.17+. It is built with native-tls only.

*** You will need to add the apt repository from https://apt.cli.rs/

via pre-built binaries

The release page contains prebuilt binaries for Linux, macOS and Windows.

Usage

USAGE:
    xh [OPTIONS] <[METHOD] URL> [--] [REQUEST_ITEM]...

ARGS:
    <[METHOD] URL>       The request URL, preceded by an optional HTTP method
    <REQUEST_ITEM>...    Optional key-value pairs to be included in the request

OPTIONS:
    -j, --json                           (default) Serialize data items from the command line as a JSON object
    -f, --form                           Serialize data items from the command line as form fields
    -m, --multipart                      Like --form, but force a multipart/form-data request even without files
        --raw <RAW>                      Pass raw request data without extra processing
        --pretty <STYLE>                 Controls output processing [possible values: all, colors, format, none]
    -s, --style <THEME>                  Output coloring style [possible values: auto, solarized, monokai, fruity]
        --response-charset <ENCODING>    Override the response encoding for terminal display purposes
        --response-mime <MIME_TYPE>      Override the response mime type for coloring and formatting for the terminal
    -p, --print <FORMAT>                 String specifying what the output should contain
    -h, --headers                        Print only the response headers. Shortcut for --print=h
    -b, --body                           Print only the response body. Shortcut for --print=b
    -v, --verbose                        Print the whole request as well as the response
        --all                            Show any intermediary requests/responses while following redirects with --follow
    -P, --history-print <FORMAT>         The same as --print but applies only to intermediary requests/responses
    -4, --ipv4                           Resolve hostname to ipv4 addresses only
    -6, --ipv6                           Resolve hostname to ipv6 addresses only
    -q, --quiet                          Do not print to stdout or stderr
    -S, --stream                         Always stream the response body
    -o, --output <FILE>                  Save output to FILE instead of stdout
    -d, --download                       Download the body to a file instead of printing it
    -c, --continue                       Resume an interrupted download. Requires --download and --output
        --session <FILE>                 Create, or reuse and update a session
        --session-read-only <FILE>       Create or read a session without updating it form the request/response exchange
    -A, --auth-type <AUTH_TYPE>          Specify the auth mechanism [possible values: basic, bearer, digest]
    -a, --auth <USER[:PASS] | TOKEN>     Authenticate as USER with PASS (-A basic|digest) or with TOKEN (-A bearer)
        --ignore-netrc                   Do not use credentials from .netrc
        --offline                        Construct HTTP requests without sending them anywhere
        --check-status                   (default) Exit with an error status code if the server replies with an error
    -F, --follow                         Do follow redirects
        --max-redirects <NUM>            Number of redirects to follow. Only respected if --follow is used
        --timeout <SEC>                  Connection timeout of the request
        --proxy <PROTOCOL:URL>           Use a proxy for a protocol. For example: --proxy https:http://proxy.host:8080
        --verify <VERIFY>                If "no", skip SSL verification. If a file path, use it as a CA bundle
        --cert <FILE>                    Use a client side certificate for SSL
        --cert-key <FILE>                A private key file to use with --cert
        --ssl <VERSION>                  Force a particular TLS version [possible values: auto, tls1, tls1.1, tls1.2, tls1.3]
        --native-tls                     Use the system TLS library instead of rustls (if enabled at compile time)
        --https                          Make HTTPS requests if not specified in the URL
        --http-version <VERSION>         HTTP version to use [possible values: 1.0, 1.1, 2]
    -I, --ignore-stdin                   Do not attempt to read stdin
        --curl                           Print a translation to a curl command
        --curl-long                      Use the long versions of curl's flags
        --help                           Print help information
    -V, --version                        Print version information

Each option can be reset with a --no-OPTION argument.

Run xh help for more detailed information.

Request Items

xh uses HTTPie's request-item syntax to set headers, request body, query string, etc.

• =/:= for setting the request body's JSON or form fields (= for strings and := for other JSON types).
• == for adding query strings.
• @ for including files in multipart requests e.g picture@hello.jpg or picture@hello.jpg;type=image/jpeg;filename=goodbye.jpg.
• : for adding or removing headers e.g connection:keep-alive or connection:.
• ; for including headers with empty values e.g header-without-value;.
• =@/:=@ for setting the request body's JSON or form fields from a file (=@ for strings and :=@ for other JSON types).

The request body can also be read from standard input, or from a file using @filename.

To construct a complex JSON object, a JSON path can be used as a key e.g app[container][0][id]=090-5. For more information on this syntax, refer to https://httpie.io/docs/cli/nested-json.

Shorthand form for URLs

Similar to HTTPie, specifying the scheme portion of the request URL is optional, and a leading colon works as shorthand for localhost. :8000 is equivalent to localhost:8000, and :/path is equivalent to localhost/path.

URLs can have a leading :// which allows quickly converting a URL into a valid xh or HTTPie command. For example http://httpbin.org/json becomes http ://httpbin.org/json.

xh http://localhost:3000/users # resolves to http://localhost:3000/users
xh localhost:3000/users        # resolves to http://localhost:3000/users
xh :3000/users                 # resolves to http://localhost:3000/users
xh :/users                     # resolves to http://localhost:80/users
xh example.com                 # resolves to http://example.com
xh ://example.com              # resolves to http://example.com

Making HTTPS requests by default

xh will default to HTTPS scheme if the binary name is one of xhs, https, or xhttps. If you have installed xh via a package manager, both xh and xhs should be available by default. Otherwise, you need to create one like this:

cd /path/to/xh && ln -s ./xh ./xhs
xh httpbin.org/get  # resolves to http://httpbin.org/get
xhs httpbin.org/get # resolves to https://httpbin.org/get

Strict compatibility mode

If xh is invoked as http or https (by renaming the binary), or if the XH_HTTPIE_COMPAT_MODE environment variable is set, it will run in HTTPie compatibility mode. The only current difference is that --check-status is not enabled by default.

Examples

# Send a GET request
xh httpbin.org/json

# Send a POST request with body {"name": "ahmed", "age": 24}
xh httpbin.org/post name=ahmed age:=24

# Send a GET request with querystring id=5&sort=true
xh get httpbin.org/json id==5 sort==true

# Send a GET request and include a header named x-api-key with value 12345
xh get httpbin.org/json x-api-key:12345

# Send a POST request with body read from stdin.
echo "[1, 2, 3]" | xh post httpbin.org/post

# Send a PUT request and pipe the result to less
xh put httpbin.org/put id:=49 age:=25 | less

# Download and save to res.json
xh -d httpbin.org/json -o res.json

# Make a request with a custom user agent
xh httpbin.org/get user-agent:foobar

How xh compares to HTTPie

Advantages

• Improved startup speed.
• Available as a single statically linked binary that's easy to install and carry around.
• HTTP/2 support.
• Builtin translation to curl commands with the --curl flag.
• Short, cheatsheet-style output from --help. (For longer output, pass help.)

Disadvantages

• Not all of HTTPie's features are implemented. (#4)
• Header names are not case-sensitive.
• No plugin system.
• General immaturity. HTTPie is old and well-tested.
• Worse documentation.

Other differences

• --check-status is enabled unless xh is being used in strict compatibility mode.
• rustls is used by default instead of the system's TLS library. (If enabled at compile time, the --native-tls flag can be used.)
• JSON keys are not sorted.
• Formatted output is always UTF-8.

Similar or related Projects

• curlie - frontend to cURL that adds the ease of use of httpie
• httpie-go - httpie-like HTTP client written in Go
• curl2httpie - convert command arguments between cURL and HTTPie