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use std::fmt; use std::io::{self, Cursor, ErrorKind, Read}; use std::str::FromStr; use chunked_transfer::Decoder as ChunkDecoder; use crate::error::Error; use crate::header::Header; use crate::pool::PoolReturnRead; use crate::stream::{DeadlineStream, Stream}; use crate::unit::Unit; #[cfg(feature = "json")] use serde::de::DeserializeOwned; #[cfg(feature = "charset")] use encoding::label::encoding_from_whatwg_label; #[cfg(feature = "charset")] use encoding::DecoderTrap; pub const DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE: &str = "text/plain"; pub const DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET: &str = "utf-8"; /// Response instances are created as results of firing off requests. /// /// The `Response` is used to read response headers and decide what to do with the body. /// Note that the socket connection is open and the body not read until one of /// [`into_reader()`](#method.into_reader), [`into_json()`](#method.into_json), /// [`into_json_deserialize()`](#method.into_json_deserialize) or /// [`into_string()`](#method.into_string) consumes the response. /// /// All error handling, including URL parse errors and connection errors, is done by mapping onto /// [synthetic errors](#method.synthetic). Callers must check response.synthetic_error(), /// response.is_ok(), or response.error() before relying on the contents of the reader. /// /// ``` /// let response = ureq::get("https://www.google.com").call(); /// if let Some(error) = response.synthetic_error() { /// eprintln!("{}", error); /// return; /// } /// /// // socket is still open and the response body has not been read. /// /// let text = response.into_string().unwrap(); /// /// // response is consumed, and body has been read. /// ``` pub struct Response { url: Option<String>, error: Option<Error>, status_line: String, index: ResponseStatusIndex, status: u16, headers: Vec<Header>, unit: Option<Unit>, stream: Option<Stream>, } /// index into status_line where we split: HTTP/1.1 200 OK #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)] struct ResponseStatusIndex { http_version: usize, response_code: usize, } impl fmt::Debug for Response { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!( f, "Response[status: {}, status_text: {}]", self.status(), self.status_text() ) } } impl Response { /// Construct a response with a status, status text and a string body. /// /// This is hopefully useful for unit tests. /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// let resp = ureq::Response::new(401, "Authorization Required", "Please log in"); /// /// assert_eq!(resp.status(), 401); /// ``` pub fn new(status: u16, status_text: &str, body: &str) -> Self { let r = format!("HTTP/1.1 {} {}\r\n\r\n{}\n", status, status_text, body); (r.as_ref() as &str) .parse::<Response>() .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into()) } /// The URL we ended up at. This can differ from the request url when /// we have followed redirects. pub fn get_url(&self) -> &str { self.url.as_ref().map(|s| &s[..]).unwrap_or("") } /// The entire status line like: `HTTP/1.1 200 OK` pub fn status_line(&self) -> &str { self.status_line.as_str() } /// The http version: `HTTP/1.1` pub fn http_version(&self) -> &str { &self.status_line.as_str()[0..self.index.http_version] } /// The status as a u16: `200` pub fn status(&self) -> u16 { self.status } /// The status text: `OK` pub fn status_text(&self) -> &str { &self.status_line.as_str()[self.index.response_code + 1..].trim() } /// The header corresponding header value for the give name, if any. pub fn header(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> { self.headers .iter() .find(|h| h.is_name(name)) .map(|h| h.value()) } /// A list of the header names in this response. /// Lowercased to be uniform. pub fn headers_names(&self) -> Vec<String> { self.headers .iter() .map(|h| h.name().to_lowercase()) .collect() } /// Tells if the response has the named header. pub fn has(&self, name: &str) -> bool { self.header(name).is_some() } /// All headers corresponding values for the give name, or empty vector. pub fn all(&self, name: &str) -> Vec<&str> { self.headers .iter() .filter(|h| h.is_name(name)) .map(|h| h.value()) .collect() } /// Whether the response status is: 200 <= status <= 299 pub fn ok(&self) -> bool { self.status >= 200 && self.status <= 299 } pub fn redirect(&self) -> bool { self.status >= 300 && self.status <= 399 } /// Whether the response status is: 400 <= status <= 499 pub fn client_error(&self) -> bool { self.status >= 400 && self.status <= 499 } /// Whether the response status is: 500 <= status <= 599 pub fn server_error(&self) -> bool { self.status >= 500 && self.status <= 599 } /// Whether the response status is: 400 <= status <= 599 pub fn error(&self) -> bool { self.client_error() || self.server_error() } /// Tells if this response is "synthetic". /// /// The [methods](struct.Request.html#method.call) [firing](struct.Request.html#method.send) /// [off](struct.Request.html#method.send_string) /// [requests](struct.Request.html#method.send_json) /// all return a `Response`; there is no rust style `Result`. /// /// Rather than exposing a custom error type through results, this library has opted /// for representing potential connection/TLS/etc errors as HTTP response codes. /// These invented codes are called "synthetic". /// /// The idea is that from a library user's point of view the distinction /// of whether a failure originated in the remote server (500, 502) etc, or some transient /// network failure, the code path of handling that would most often be the same. /// /// The specific mapping of error to code can be seen in the [`Error`](enum.Error.html) doc. /// /// However if the distinction is important, this method can be used to tell. Also see /// [synthetic_error()](struct.Response.html#method.synthetic_error) /// to see the actual underlying error. /// /// ``` /// // scheme that this library doesn't understand /// let resp = ureq::get("borkedscheme://www.google.com").call(); /// /// // it's an error /// assert!(resp.error()); /// /// // synthetic error code 400 /// assert_eq!(resp.status(), 400); /// /// // tell that it's synthetic. /// assert!(resp.synthetic()); /// ``` pub fn synthetic(&self) -> bool { self.error.is_some() } /// Get a reference to the actual underlying error when the response is /// ["synthetic"](struct.Response.html#method.synthetic). pub fn synthetic_error(&self) -> &Option<Error> { &self.error } /// Get the actual underlying error when the response is /// ["synthetic"](struct.Response.html#method.synthetic). /// /// This consumes the Response and it cannot be used again. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// // hold onto the error even after dropping the response /// let err = { /// // scheme that this library doesn't understand /// let resp = ureq::get("borkedscheme://www.example.com").call(); /// /// // it's a synthetic error /// assert!(resp.error() && resp.synthetic()); /// /// // resp is dropped here, but the error lives on /// resp.into_synthetic_error() /// }; /// println!("{}", err.unwrap()); /// ``` pub fn into_synthetic_error(self) -> Option<Error> { self.error } /// The content type part of the "Content-Type" header without /// the charset. /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// # #[cfg(feature = "tls")] { /// let resp = ureq::get("https://www.google.com/").call(); /// assert_eq!("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1", resp.header("content-type").unwrap()); /// assert_eq!("text/html", resp.content_type()); /// # } /// ``` pub fn content_type(&self) -> &str { self.header("content-type") .map(|header| { header .find(';') .map(|index| &header[0..index]) .unwrap_or(header) }) .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE) } /// The character set part of the "Content-Type" header.native_tls /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// # #[cfg(feature = "tls")] { /// let resp = ureq::get("https://www.google.com/").call(); /// assert_eq!("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1", resp.header("content-type").unwrap()); /// assert_eq!("ISO-8859-1", resp.charset()); /// # } /// ``` pub fn charset(&self) -> &str { charset_from_content_type(self.header("content-type")) } /// Turn this response into a `impl Read` of the body. /// /// 1. If `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`, the returned reader will unchunk it /// and any `Content-Length` header is ignored. /// 2. If `Content-Length` is set, the returned reader is limited to this byte /// length regardless of how many bytes the server sends. /// 3. If no length header, the reader is until server stream end. /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// # #[cfg(feature = "tls")] { /// use std::io::Read; /// /// let resp = /// ureq::get("https://ureq.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/hello_world.json") /// .call(); /// /// assert!(resp.has("Content-Length")); /// let len = resp.header("Content-Length") /// .and_then(|s| s.parse::<usize>().ok()).unwrap(); /// /// let mut reader = resp.into_reader(); /// let mut bytes = vec![]; /// reader.read_to_end(&mut bytes); /// /// assert_eq!(bytes.len(), len); /// # } /// ``` pub fn into_reader(self) -> impl Read + Send { // let is_http10 = self.http_version().eq_ignore_ascii_case("HTTP/1.0"); let is_close = self .header("connection") .map(|c| c.eq_ignore_ascii_case("close")) .unwrap_or(false); let is_head = (&self.unit).as_ref().map(|u| u.is_head()).unwrap_or(false); let has_no_body = is_head || match self.status { 204 | 304 => true, _ => false, }; let is_chunked = self .header("transfer-encoding") .map(|enc| !enc.is_empty()) // whatever it says, do chunked .unwrap_or(false); let use_chunked = !is_http10 && !has_no_body && is_chunked; let limit_bytes = if is_http10 || is_close { None } else if has_no_body { // head requests never have a body Some(0) } else { self.header("content-length") .and_then(|l| l.parse::<usize>().ok()) }; let stream = self.stream.expect("No reader in response?!"); let unit = self.unit; if let Some(unit) = &unit { let result = stream.set_read_timeout(unit.req.timeout_read); if let Err(e) = result { return Box::new(ErrorReader(e)) as Box<dyn Read + Send>; } } let deadline = unit.as_ref().and_then(|u| u.deadline); let stream = DeadlineStream::new(stream, deadline); match (use_chunked, limit_bytes) { (true, _) => Box::new(PoolReturnRead::new(unit, ChunkDecoder::new(stream))), (false, Some(len)) => { Box::new(PoolReturnRead::new(unit, LimitedRead::new(stream, len))) } (false, None) => Box::new(stream), } } /// Turn this response into a String of the response body. By default uses `utf-8`, /// but can work with charset, see below. /// /// This is potentially memory inefficient for large bodies since the /// implementation first reads the reader to end into a `Vec<u8>` and then /// attempts to decode it using the charset. /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// # #[cfg(feature = "tls")] { /// let resp = /// ureq::get("https://ureq.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/hello_world.json") /// .call(); /// /// let text = resp.into_string().unwrap(); /// /// assert!(text.contains("hello")); /// # } /// ``` /// /// ## Charset support /// /// Requires feature `ureq = { version = "*", features = ["charset"] }` /// /// Attempts to respect the character encoding of the `Content-Type` header and /// falls back to `utf-8`. /// /// I.e. `Content-Length: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1` would be decoded in latin-1. /// pub fn into_string(self) -> io::Result<String> { #[cfg(feature = "charset")] { let encoding = encoding_from_whatwg_label(self.charset()) .or_else(|| encoding_from_whatwg_label(DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET)) .unwrap(); let mut buf: Vec<u8> = vec![]; self.into_reader().read_to_end(&mut buf)?; Ok(encoding.decode(&buf, DecoderTrap::Replace).unwrap()) } #[cfg(not(feature = "charset"))] { let mut buf: Vec<u8> = vec![]; self.into_reader().read_to_end(&mut buf)?; Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf).to_string()) } } /// Turn this response into a (serde) JSON value of the response body. /// /// Requires feature `ureq = { version = "*", features = ["json"] }` /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// let resp = /// ureq::get("http://ureq.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/hello_world.json") /// .call(); /// /// let json = resp.into_json().unwrap(); /// /// assert_eq!(json["hello"], "world"); /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "json")] pub fn into_json(self) -> io::Result<serde_json::Value> { use crate::stream::io_err_timeout; use std::error::Error; let reader = self.into_reader(); serde_json::from_reader(reader).map_err(|e| { // This is to unify TimedOut io::Error in the API. // We make a clone of the original error since serde_json::Error doesn't // let us get the wrapped error instance back. if let Some(ioe) = e.source().and_then(|s| s.downcast_ref::<io::Error>()) { if ioe.kind() == ErrorKind::TimedOut { return io_err_timeout(ioe.to_string()); } } io::Error::new( ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Failed to read JSON: {}", e), ) }) } /// Turn the body of this response into a type implementing the (serde) Deserialize trait. /// /// Requires feature `ureq = { version = "*", features = ["json"] }` /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// # use serde::Deserialize; /// /// #[derive(Deserialize)] /// struct Hello { /// hello: String, /// } /// /// let resp = /// ureq::get("http://ureq.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/hello_world.json") /// .call(); /// /// let json = resp.into_json_deserialize::<Hello>().unwrap(); /// /// assert_eq!(json.hello, "world"); /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "json")] pub fn into_json_deserialize<T: DeserializeOwned>(self) -> io::Result<T> { let reader = self.into_reader(); serde_json::from_reader(reader).map_err(|e| { io::Error::new( ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Failed to read JSON: {}", e), ) }) } /// Create a response from a Read trait impl. /// /// This is hopefully useful for unit tests. /// /// Example: /// /// ``` /// use std::io::Cursor; /// /// let text = "HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required\r\n\r\nPlease log in\n"; /// let read = Cursor::new(text.to_string().into_bytes()); /// let resp = ureq::Response::from_read(read); /// /// assert_eq!(resp.status(), 401); /// ``` pub fn from_read(reader: impl Read) -> Self { Self::do_from_read(reader).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into()) } fn do_from_read(mut reader: impl Read) -> Result<Response, Error> { // // HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n let status_line = read_next_line(&mut reader)?; let (index, status) = parse_status_line(status_line.as_str())?; let mut headers: Vec<Header> = Vec::new(); loop { let line = read_next_line(&mut reader)?; if line.is_empty() { break; } if let Ok(header) = line.as_str().parse::<Header>() { headers.push(header); } } Ok(Response { url: None, error: None, status_line, index, status, headers, unit: None, stream: None, }) } #[cfg(test)] pub fn to_write_vec(&self) -> Vec<u8> { self.stream.as_ref().unwrap().to_write_vec() } } /// parse a line like: HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n fn parse_status_line(line: &str) -> Result<(ResponseStatusIndex, u16), Error> { // let mut split = line.splitn(3, ' '); let http_version = split.next().ok_or_else(|| Error::BadStatus)?; if http_version.len() < 5 { return Err(Error::BadStatus); } let index1 = http_version.len(); let status = split.next().ok_or_else(|| Error::BadStatus)?; if status.len() < 2 { return Err(Error::BadStatus); } let index2 = index1 + status.len(); let status = status.parse::<u16>().map_err(|_| Error::BadStatus)?; Ok(( ResponseStatusIndex { http_version: index1, response_code: index2, }, status, )) } impl FromStr for Response { type Err = Error; /// Parse a response from a string. /// /// Example: /// ``` /// let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ /// X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\r\n\ /// Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\ /// \r\n\ /// Hello World!!!"; /// let resp = s.parse::<ureq::Response>().unwrap(); /// assert!(resp.has("X-Forwarded-For")); /// let body = resp.into_string().unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(body, "Hello World!!!"); /// ``` fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> { let bytes = s.as_bytes().to_owned(); let mut cursor = Cursor::new(bytes); let mut resp = Self::do_from_read(&mut cursor)?; set_stream(&mut resp, "".into(), None, Stream::Cursor(cursor)); Ok(resp) } } impl Into<Response> for Error { fn into(self) -> Response { let status = self.status(); let status_text = self.status_text().to_string(); let body_text = self.body_text(); let mut resp = Response::new(status, &status_text, &body_text); resp.error = Some(self); resp } } /// "Give away" Unit and Stream to the response. /// /// *Internal API* pub(crate) fn set_stream(resp: &mut Response, url: String, unit: Option<Unit>, stream: Stream) { resp.url = Some(url); resp.unit = unit; resp.stream = Some(stream); } fn read_next_line<R: Read>(reader: &mut R) -> io::Result<String> { let mut buf = Vec::new(); let mut prev_byte_was_cr = false; let mut one = [0_u8]; loop { let amt = reader.read(&mut one[..])?; if amt == 0 { return Err(io::Error::new( ErrorKind::ConnectionAborted, "Unexpected EOF", )); } let byte = one[0]; if byte == b'\n' && prev_byte_was_cr { buf.pop(); // removing the '\r' return String::from_utf8(buf) .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Header is not in ASCII")); } prev_byte_was_cr = byte == b'\r'; buf.push(byte); } } /// Limits a `Read` to a content size (as set by a "Content-Length" header). struct LimitedRead<R> { reader: R, limit: usize, position: usize, } impl<R: Read> LimitedRead<R> { fn new(reader: R, limit: usize) -> Self { LimitedRead { reader, limit, position: 0, } } } impl<R: Read> Read for LimitedRead<R> { fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> { let left = self.limit - self.position; if left == 0 { return Ok(0); } let from = if left < buf.len() { &mut buf[0..left] } else { buf }; match self.reader.read(from) { // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#page-33 // If the sender closes the connection or // the recipient times out before the indicated number of octets are // received, the recipient MUST consider the message to be // incomplete and close the connection. Ok(0) => Err(io::Error::new( ErrorKind::InvalidData, "response body closed before all bytes were read", )), Ok(amount) => { self.position += amount; Ok(amount) } Err(e) => Err(e), } } } #[test] fn short_read() { use std::io::Cursor; let mut lr = LimitedRead::new(Cursor::new(vec![b'a'; 3]), 10); let mut buf = vec![0; 1000]; let result = lr.read_to_end(&mut buf); assert!(result.is_err()); } impl<R: Read> From<LimitedRead<R>> for Stream where Stream: From<R>, { fn from(limited_read: LimitedRead<R>) -> Stream { limited_read.reader.into() } } /// Extract the charset from a "Content-Type" header. /// /// "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso8859-1" -> "iso8859-1" /// /// *Internal API* pub(crate) fn charset_from_content_type(header: Option<&str>) -> &str { header .and_then(|header| { header.find(';').and_then(|semi| { (&header[semi + 1..]) .find('=') .map(|equal| (&header[semi + equal + 2..]).trim()) }) }) .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET) } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn content_type_without_charset() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Content-Type: application/json\r\n\ \r\n\ OK"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); assert_eq!("application/json", resp.content_type()); } #[test] fn content_type_with_charset() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Content-Type: application/json; charset=iso-8859-4\r\n\ \r\n\ OK"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); assert_eq!("application/json", resp.content_type()); } #[test] fn content_type_default() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nOK"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); assert_eq!("text/plain", resp.content_type()); } #[test] fn charset() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Content-Type: application/json; charset=iso-8859-4\r\n\ \r\n\ OK"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); assert_eq!("iso-8859-4", resp.charset()); } #[test] fn charset_default() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Content-Type: application/json\r\n\ \r\n\ OK"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); assert_eq!("utf-8", resp.charset()); } #[test] fn chunked_transfer() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ Transfer-Encoding: Chunked\r\n\ \r\n\ 3\r\n\ hel\r\n\ b\r\n\ lo world!!!\r\n\ 0\r\n\ \r\n"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); assert_eq!("hello world!!!", resp.into_string().unwrap()); } #[test] #[cfg(feature = "json")] fn parse_simple_json() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ \r\n\ {\"hello\":\"world\"}"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); let v = resp.into_json().unwrap(); let compare = "{\"hello\":\"world\"}" .parse::<serde_json::Value>() .unwrap(); assert_eq!(v, compare); } #[test] #[cfg(feature = "json")] fn parse_deserialize_json() { use serde::Deserialize; #[derive(Deserialize)] struct Hello { hello: String, } let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\ \r\n\ {\"hello\":\"world\"}"; let resp = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap(); let v = resp.into_json_deserialize::<Hello>().unwrap(); assert_eq!(v.hello, "world"); } #[test] fn parse_borked_header() { let s = "HTTP/1.1 BORKED\r\n".to_string(); let resp: Response = s.parse::<Response>().unwrap_err().into(); assert_eq!(resp.http_version(), "HTTP/1.1"); assert_eq!(resp.status(), 500); assert_eq!(resp.status_text(), "Bad Status"); assert_eq!(resp.content_type(), "text/plain"); let v = resp.into_string().unwrap(); assert_eq!(v, "Bad Status\n"); } } // ErrorReader returns an error for every read. // The error is as close to a clone of the underlying // io::Error as we can get. struct ErrorReader(io::Error); impl Read for ErrorReader { fn read(&mut self, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> { Err(io::Error::new(self.0.kind(), self.0.to_string())) } }