Crate thirtyfour

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Thirtyfour is a Selenium / WebDriver library for Rust, for automated website UI testing.

It supports the W3C WebDriver v1 spec. Tested with Chrome and Firefox although any W3C-compatible WebDriver should work.

§Getting Started

Check out The Book 📚!

§Features

  • All W3C WebDriver and WebElement methods supported
  • Async / await support (tokio only)
  • Create new browser session directly via WebDriver (e.g. chromedriver)
  • Create new browser session via Selenium Standalone or Grid
  • Find elements (via all common selectors e.g. Id, Class, CSS, Tag, XPath)
  • Send keys to elements, including key-combinations
  • Execute Javascript
  • Action Chains
  • Get and set cookies
  • Switch to frame/window/element/alert
  • Shadow DOM support
  • Alert support
  • Capture / Save screenshot of browser or individual element as PNG
  • Some Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) support
  • Advanced query interface including explicit waits and various predicates
  • Component Wrappers (similar to Page Object Model)

§Feature Flags

  • rustls-tls: (Default) Use rustls to provide TLS support (via reqwest).
  • native-tls: Use native TLS (via reqwest).
  • component: (Default) Enable the Component derive macro (via thirtyfour-macros).

§Example

The following example assumes you have chromedriver running locally, and a compatible version of Chrome installed.

use thirtyfour::prelude::*;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> WebDriverResult<()> {
    let caps = DesiredCapabilities::chrome();
    let driver = WebDriver::new("http://localhost:9515", caps).await?;

    // Navigate to https://wikipedia.org.
    driver.goto("https://wikipedia.org").await?;
    let elem_form = driver.find(By::Id("search-form")).await?;

    // Find element from element.
    let elem_text = elem_form.find(By::Id("searchInput")).await?;

    // Type in the search terms.
    elem_text.send_keys("selenium").await?;

    // Click the search button.
    let elem_button = elem_form.find(By::Css("button[type='submit']")).await?;
    elem_button.click().await?;

    // Look for header to implicitly wait for the page to load.
    driver.find(By::ClassName("firstHeading")).await?;
    assert_eq!(driver.title().await?, "Selenium - Wikipedia");

    // Always explicitly close the browser.
    driver.quit().await?;

    Ok(())
}

§The browser will not close automatically

Rust does not have async destructors, which means there is no reliable way to execute an async HTTP request on Drop and wait for it to complete. This means you are in charge of closing the browser at the end of your code, via a call to WebDriver::quit as in the above example.

If you do not call WebDriver::quit then the browser will stay open until it is either explicitly closed later outside your code, or the session times out.

§Advanced element queries and explicit waits

You can use WebDriver::query to perform more advanced queries including polling and filtering. Custom filter functions are also supported.

Also the WebElement::wait_until method provides additional support for explicit waits using a variety of built-in predicates. You can also provide your own custom predicate if desired.

See the query documentation for more details and examples.

§Components

Components allow you to wrap a web component using smart element resolvers that can automatically re-query stale elements, and much more.

ⓘ
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Component)]
pub struct CheckboxComponent {
    base: WebElement,
    #[by(tag = "label", first)]
    label: ElementResolver<WebElement>,
    #[by(css = "input[type='checkbox']")]
    input: ElementResolver<WebElement>,
}

impl CheckBoxComponent {
    pub async fn label_text(&self) -> WebDriverResult<String> {
        let elem = self.label.resolve().await?;
        elem.text().await
    }

    pub async fn is_ticked(&self) -> WebDriverResult<bool> {
        let elem = self.input.resolve().await?;
        let prop = elem.prop("checked").await?;
        Ok(prop.unwrap_or_default() == "true")
    }

    pub async fn tick(&self) -> WebDriverResult<()> {
        if !self.is_ticked().await? {
            let elem = self.input.resolve().await?;
            elem.click().await?;
            assert!(self.is_ticked().await?);
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

See the components documentation for more details.

Re-exports§

Modules§

  • action_chain
    Action chains allow for more complex user interactions with the keyboard and mouse.
  • alert
    Alert handling.
  • common
    Common wrappers used by both async and sync implementations.
  • components
    Components and component wrappers.
  • error
    Error wrappers.
  • extensions
    Extensions for specific browsers.
  • prelude
    Allow importing the common types via use thirtyfour::prelude::*.
  • session
    Everything related to driving the underlying WebDriver session.
  • support
    Miscellaneous support functions for thirtyfour tests.

Macros§

  • resolve
    resolve!(x) expands to x.resolve().await?
  • resolve_present
    resolve_present!(x) expands to x.resolve_present().await?

Structs§

  • SwitchTo
    Struct for switching between frames/windows/alerts.
  • WebDriver
    The WebDriver struct encapsulates an async Selenium WebDriver browser session.
  • WebElement
    The WebElement struct encapsulates a single element on a page.