1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
// Copyright 2012-2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

use self::Destination::*;

use syntax_pos::{COMMAND_LINE_SP, DUMMY_SP, FileMap, Span, MultiSpan, CharPos};

use {Level, CodeSuggestion, DiagnosticBuilder, SubDiagnostic, CodeMapper};
use RenderSpan::*;
use snippet::{StyledString, Style, Annotation, Line};
use styled_buffer::StyledBuffer;

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io;
use std::ops;
use std::rc::Rc;
use term;

/// Emitter trait for emitting errors.
pub trait Emitter {
    /// Emit a structured diagnostic.
    fn emit(&mut self, db: &DiagnosticBuilder);
}

impl Emitter for EmitterWriter {
    fn emit(&mut self, db: &DiagnosticBuilder) {
        let mut primary_span = db.span.clone();
        let mut children = db.children.clone();
        self.fix_multispans_in_std_macros(&mut primary_span, &mut children);
        self.emit_messages_default(&db.level, &db.message, &db.code, &primary_span, &children);
    }
}

/// maximum number of lines we will print for each error; arbitrary.
pub const MAX_HIGHLIGHT_LINES: usize = 6;

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ColorConfig {
    Auto,
    Always,
    Never,
}

impl ColorConfig {
    fn use_color(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            ColorConfig::Always => true,
            ColorConfig::Never => false,
            ColorConfig::Auto => stderr_isatty(),
        }
    }
}

pub struct EmitterWriter {
    dst: Destination,
    cm: Option<Rc<CodeMapper>>,
}

struct FileWithAnnotatedLines {
    file: Rc<FileMap>,
    lines: Vec<Line>,
}


/// Do not use this for messages that end in `\n` – use `println_maybe_styled` instead. See
/// `EmitterWriter::print_maybe_styled` for details.
macro_rules! print_maybe_styled {
    ($dst: expr, $style: expr, $($arg: tt)*) => {
        $dst.print_maybe_styled(format_args!($($arg)*), $style, false)
    }
}

macro_rules! println_maybe_styled {
    ($dst: expr, $style: expr, $($arg: tt)*) => {
        $dst.print_maybe_styled(format_args!($($arg)*), $style, true)
    }
}

impl EmitterWriter {
    pub fn stderr(color_config: ColorConfig, code_map: Option<Rc<CodeMapper>>) -> EmitterWriter {
        if color_config.use_color() {
            let dst = Destination::from_stderr();
            EmitterWriter {
                dst: dst,
                cm: code_map,
            }
        } else {
            EmitterWriter {
                dst: Raw(Box::new(io::stderr())),
                cm: code_map,
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn new(dst: Box<Write + Send>, code_map: Option<Rc<CodeMapper>>) -> EmitterWriter {
        EmitterWriter {
            dst: Raw(dst),
            cm: code_map,
        }
    }

    fn preprocess_annotations(&self, msp: &MultiSpan) -> Vec<FileWithAnnotatedLines> {
        fn add_annotation_to_file(file_vec: &mut Vec<FileWithAnnotatedLines>,
                                  file: Rc<FileMap>,
                                  line_index: usize,
                                  ann: Annotation) {

            for slot in file_vec.iter_mut() {
                // Look through each of our files for the one we're adding to
                if slot.file.name == file.name {
                    // See if we already have a line for it
                    for line_slot in &mut slot.lines {
                        if line_slot.line_index == line_index {
                            line_slot.annotations.push(ann);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    // We don't have a line yet, create one
                    slot.lines.push(Line {
                        line_index: line_index,
                        annotations: vec![ann],
                    });
                    slot.lines.sort();
                    return;
                }
            }
            // This is the first time we're seeing the file
            file_vec.push(FileWithAnnotatedLines {
                file: file,
                lines: vec![Line {
                                line_index: line_index,
                                annotations: vec![ann],
                            }],
            });
        }

        let mut output = vec![];

        if let Some(ref cm) = self.cm {
            for span_label in msp.span_labels() {
                if span_label.span == DUMMY_SP || span_label.span == COMMAND_LINE_SP {
                    continue;
                }
                let lo = cm.lookup_char_pos(span_label.span.lo);
                let mut hi = cm.lookup_char_pos(span_label.span.hi);
                let mut is_minimized = false;

                // If the span is multi-line, simplify down to the span of one character
                if lo.line != hi.line {
                    hi.line = lo.line;
                    hi.col = CharPos(lo.col.0 + 1);
                    is_minimized = true;
                }

                // Watch out for "empty spans". If we get a span like 6..6, we
                // want to just display a `^` at 6, so convert that to
                // 6..7. This is degenerate input, but it's best to degrade
                // gracefully -- and the parser likes to supply a span like
                // that for EOF, in particular.
                if lo.col == hi.col {
                    hi.col = CharPos(lo.col.0 + 1);
                }

                add_annotation_to_file(&mut output,
                                       lo.file,
                                       lo.line,
                                       Annotation {
                                           start_col: lo.col.0,
                                           end_col: hi.col.0,
                                           is_primary: span_label.is_primary,
                                           is_minimized: is_minimized,
                                           label: span_label.label.clone(),
                                       });
            }
        }
        output
    }

    fn render_source_line(&self,
                          buffer: &mut StyledBuffer,
                          file: Rc<FileMap>,
                          line: &Line,
                          width_offset: usize) {
        let source_string = file.get_line(line.line_index - 1)
            .unwrap_or("");

        let line_offset = buffer.num_lines();

        // First create the source line we will highlight.
        buffer.puts(line_offset, width_offset, &source_string, Style::Quotation);
        buffer.puts(line_offset,
                    0,
                    &(line.line_index.to_string()),
                    Style::LineNumber);

        draw_col_separator(buffer, line_offset, width_offset - 2);

        if line.annotations.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

        // We want to display like this:
        //
        //      vec.push(vec.pop().unwrap());
        //      ---      ^^^               _ previous borrow ends here
        //      |        |
        //      |        error occurs here
        //      previous borrow of `vec` occurs here
        //
        // But there are some weird edge cases to be aware of:
        //
        //      vec.push(vec.pop().unwrap());
        //      --------                    - previous borrow ends here
        //      ||
        //      |this makes no sense
        //      previous borrow of `vec` occurs here
        //
        // For this reason, we group the lines into "highlight lines"
        // and "annotations lines", where the highlight lines have the `~`.

        // Sort the annotations by (start, end col)
        let mut annotations = line.annotations.clone();
        annotations.sort();

        // Next, create the highlight line.
        for annotation in &annotations {
            for p in annotation.start_col..annotation.end_col {
                if annotation.is_primary {
                    buffer.putc(line_offset + 1,
                                width_offset + p,
                                '^',
                                Style::UnderlinePrimary);
                    if !annotation.is_minimized {
                        buffer.set_style(line_offset, width_offset + p, Style::UnderlinePrimary);
                    }
                } else {
                    buffer.putc(line_offset + 1,
                                width_offset + p,
                                '-',
                                Style::UnderlineSecondary);
                    if !annotation.is_minimized {
                        buffer.set_style(line_offset, width_offset + p, Style::UnderlineSecondary);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        draw_col_separator(buffer, line_offset + 1, width_offset - 2);

        // Now we are going to write labels in. To start, we'll exclude
        // the annotations with no labels.
        let (labeled_annotations, unlabeled_annotations): (Vec<_>, _) = annotations.into_iter()
            .partition(|a| a.label.is_some());

        // If there are no annotations that need text, we're done.
        if labeled_annotations.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        // Now add the text labels. We try, when possible, to stick the rightmost
        // annotation at the end of the highlight line:
        //
        //      vec.push(vec.pop().unwrap());
        //      ---      ---               - previous borrow ends here
        //
        // But sometimes that's not possible because one of the other
        // annotations overlaps it. For example, from the test
        // `span_overlap_label`, we have the following annotations
        // (written on distinct lines for clarity):
        //
        //      fn foo(x: u32) {
        //      --------------
        //             -
        //
        // In this case, we can't stick the rightmost-most label on
        // the highlight line, or we would get:
        //
        //      fn foo(x: u32) {
        //      -------- x_span
        //      |
        //      fn_span
        //
        // which is totally weird. Instead we want:
        //
        //      fn foo(x: u32) {
        //      --------------
        //      |      |
        //      |      x_span
        //      fn_span
        //
        // which is...less weird, at least. In fact, in general, if
        // the rightmost span overlaps with any other span, we should
        // use the "hang below" version, so we can at least make it
        // clear where the span *starts*.
        let mut labeled_annotations = &labeled_annotations[..];
        match labeled_annotations.split_last().unwrap() {
            (last, previous) => {
                if previous.iter()
                    .chain(&unlabeled_annotations)
                    .all(|a| !overlaps(a, last)) {
                    // append the label afterwards; we keep it in a separate
                    // string
                    let highlight_label: String = format!(" {}", last.label.as_ref().unwrap());
                    if last.is_primary {
                        buffer.append(line_offset + 1, &highlight_label, Style::LabelPrimary);
                    } else {
                        buffer.append(line_offset + 1, &highlight_label, Style::LabelSecondary);
                    }
                    labeled_annotations = previous;
                }
            }
        }

        // If that's the last annotation, we're done
        if labeled_annotations.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

        for (index, annotation) in labeled_annotations.iter().enumerate() {
            // Leave:
            // - 1 extra line
            // - One line for each thing that comes after
            let comes_after = labeled_annotations.len() - index - 1;
            let blank_lines = 3 + comes_after;

            // For each blank line, draw a `|` at our column. The
            // text ought to be long enough for this.
            for index in 2..blank_lines {
                if annotation.is_primary {
                    buffer.putc(line_offset + index,
                                width_offset + annotation.start_col,
                                '|',
                                Style::UnderlinePrimary);
                } else {
                    buffer.putc(line_offset + index,
                                width_offset + annotation.start_col,
                                '|',
                                Style::UnderlineSecondary);
                }
                draw_col_separator(buffer, line_offset + index, width_offset - 2);
            }

            if annotation.is_primary {
                buffer.puts(line_offset + blank_lines,
                            width_offset + annotation.start_col,
                            annotation.label.as_ref().unwrap(),
                            Style::LabelPrimary);
            } else {
                buffer.puts(line_offset + blank_lines,
                            width_offset + annotation.start_col,
                            annotation.label.as_ref().unwrap(),
                            Style::LabelSecondary);
            }
            draw_col_separator(buffer, line_offset + blank_lines, width_offset - 2);
        }
    }

    fn get_multispan_max_line_num(&mut self, msp: &MultiSpan) -> usize {
        let mut max = 0;
        if let Some(ref cm) = self.cm {
            for primary_span in msp.primary_spans() {
                if primary_span != &DUMMY_SP && primary_span != &COMMAND_LINE_SP {
                    let hi = cm.lookup_char_pos(primary_span.hi);
                    if hi.line > max {
                        max = hi.line;
                    }
                }
            }
            for span_label in msp.span_labels() {
                if span_label.span != DUMMY_SP && span_label.span != COMMAND_LINE_SP {
                    let hi = cm.lookup_char_pos(span_label.span.hi);
                    if hi.line > max {
                        max = hi.line;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        max
    }

    fn get_max_line_num(&mut self, span: &MultiSpan, children: &Vec<SubDiagnostic>) -> usize {
        let mut max = 0;

        let primary = self.get_multispan_max_line_num(span);
        max = if primary > max { primary } else { max };

        for sub in children {
            let sub_result = self.get_multispan_max_line_num(&sub.span);
            max = if sub_result > max { primary } else { max };
        }
        max
    }

    // This "fixes" MultiSpans that contain Spans that are pointing to locations inside of
    // <*macros>. Since these locations are often difficult to read, we move these Spans from
    // <*macros> to their corresponding use site.
    fn fix_multispan_in_std_macros(&mut self, span: &mut MultiSpan) -> bool {
        let mut spans_updated = false;

        if let Some(ref cm) = self.cm {
            let mut before_after: Vec<(Span, Span)> = vec![];
            let mut new_labels: Vec<(Span, String)> = vec![];

            // First, find all the spans in <*macros> and point instead at their use site
            for sp in span.primary_spans() {
                if (*sp == COMMAND_LINE_SP) || (*sp == DUMMY_SP) {
                    continue;
                }
                if cm.span_to_filename(sp.clone()).contains("macros>") {
                    let v = cm.macro_backtrace(sp.clone());
                    if let Some(use_site) = v.last() {
                        before_after.push((sp.clone(), use_site.call_site.clone()));
                    }
                }
                for trace in cm.macro_backtrace(sp.clone()).iter().rev() {
                    // Only show macro locations that are local
                    // and display them like a span_note
                    if let Some(def_site) = trace.def_site_span {
                        if (def_site == COMMAND_LINE_SP) || (def_site == DUMMY_SP) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        // Check to make sure we're not in any <*macros>
                        if !cm.span_to_filename(def_site).contains("macros>") &&
                           !trace.macro_decl_name.starts_with("#[") {
                            new_labels.push((trace.call_site,
                                             "in this macro invocation".to_string()));
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            for (label_span, label_text) in new_labels {
                span.push_span_label(label_span, label_text);
            }
            for sp_label in span.span_labels() {
                if (sp_label.span == COMMAND_LINE_SP) || (sp_label.span == DUMMY_SP) {
                    continue;
                }
                if cm.span_to_filename(sp_label.span.clone()).contains("macros>") {
                    let v = cm.macro_backtrace(sp_label.span.clone());
                    if let Some(use_site) = v.last() {
                        before_after.push((sp_label.span.clone(), use_site.call_site.clone()));
                    }
                }
            }
            // After we have them, make sure we replace these 'bad' def sites with their use sites
            for (before, after) in before_after {
                span.replace(before, after);
                spans_updated = true;
            }
        }

        spans_updated
    }

    // This does a small "fix" for multispans by looking to see if it can find any that
    // point directly at <*macros>. Since these are often difficult to read, this
    // will change the span to point at the use site.
    fn fix_multispans_in_std_macros(&mut self,
                                    span: &mut MultiSpan,
                                    children: &mut Vec<SubDiagnostic>) {
        let mut spans_updated = self.fix_multispan_in_std_macros(span);
        for child in children.iter_mut() {
            spans_updated |= self.fix_multispan_in_std_macros(&mut child.span);
        }
        if spans_updated {
            children.push(SubDiagnostic {
                level: Level::Note,
                message: "this error originates in a macro outside of the current crate"
                    .to_string(),
                span: MultiSpan::new(),
                render_span: None,
            });
        }
    }

    fn emit_message_default(&mut self,
                            msp: &MultiSpan,
                            msg: &str,
                            code: &Option<String>,
                            level: &Level,
                            max_line_num_len: usize,
                            is_secondary: bool)
                            -> io::Result<()> {
        let mut buffer = StyledBuffer::new();

        if msp.primary_spans().is_empty() && msp.span_labels().is_empty() && is_secondary {
            // This is a secondary message with no span info
            for _ in 0..max_line_num_len {
                buffer.prepend(0, " ", Style::NoStyle);
            }
            draw_note_separator(&mut buffer, 0, max_line_num_len + 1);
            buffer.append(0, &level.to_string(), Style::HeaderMsg);
            buffer.append(0, ": ", Style::NoStyle);
            buffer.append(0, msg, Style::NoStyle);
        } else {
            buffer.append(0, &level.to_string(), Style::Level(level.clone()));
            match code {
                &Some(ref code) => {
                    buffer.append(0, "[", Style::Level(level.clone()));
                    buffer.append(0, &code, Style::Level(level.clone()));
                    buffer.append(0, "]", Style::Level(level.clone()));
                }
                _ => {}
            }
            buffer.append(0, ": ", Style::HeaderMsg);
            buffer.append(0, msg, Style::HeaderMsg);
        }

        // Preprocess all the annotations so that they are grouped by file and by line number
        // This helps us quickly iterate over the whole message (including secondary file spans)
        let mut annotated_files = self.preprocess_annotations(msp);

        // Make sure our primary file comes first
        let primary_lo = if let (Some(ref cm), Some(ref primary_span)) =
            (self.cm.as_ref(), msp.primary_span().as_ref()) {
            if primary_span != &&DUMMY_SP && primary_span != &&COMMAND_LINE_SP {
                cm.lookup_char_pos(primary_span.lo)
            } else {
                try!(emit_to_destination(&buffer.render(), level, &mut self.dst));
                return Ok(());
            }
        } else {
            // If we don't have span information, emit and exit
            try!(emit_to_destination(&buffer.render(), level, &mut self.dst));
            return Ok(());
        };
        if let Ok(pos) =
            annotated_files.binary_search_by(|x| x.file.name.cmp(&primary_lo.file.name)) {
            annotated_files.swap(0, pos);
        }

        // Print out the annotate source lines that correspond with the error
        for annotated_file in annotated_files {
            // print out the span location and spacer before we print the annotated source
            // to do this, we need to know if this span will be primary
            let is_primary = primary_lo.file.name == annotated_file.file.name;
            if is_primary {
                // remember where we are in the output buffer for easy reference
                let buffer_msg_line_offset = buffer.num_lines();

                buffer.prepend(buffer_msg_line_offset, "--> ", Style::LineNumber);
                let loc = primary_lo.clone();
                buffer.append(buffer_msg_line_offset,
                              &format!("{}:{}:{}", loc.file.name, loc.line, loc.col.0 + 1),
                              Style::LineAndColumn);
                for _ in 0..max_line_num_len {
                    buffer.prepend(buffer_msg_line_offset, " ", Style::NoStyle);
                }
            } else {
                // remember where we are in the output buffer for easy reference
                let buffer_msg_line_offset = buffer.num_lines();

                // Add spacing line
                draw_col_separator(&mut buffer, buffer_msg_line_offset, max_line_num_len + 1);

                // Then, the secondary file indicator
                buffer.prepend(buffer_msg_line_offset + 1, "::: ", Style::LineNumber);
                buffer.append(buffer_msg_line_offset + 1,
                              &annotated_file.file.name,
                              Style::LineAndColumn);
                for _ in 0..max_line_num_len {
                    buffer.prepend(buffer_msg_line_offset + 1, " ", Style::NoStyle);
                }
            }

            // Put in the spacer between the location and annotated source
            let buffer_msg_line_offset = buffer.num_lines();
            draw_col_separator_no_space(&mut buffer, buffer_msg_line_offset, max_line_num_len + 1);

            // Next, output the annotate source for this file
            for line_idx in 0..annotated_file.lines.len() {
                self.render_source_line(&mut buffer,
                                        annotated_file.file.clone(),
                                        &annotated_file.lines[line_idx],
                                        3 + max_line_num_len);

                // check to see if we need to print out or elide lines that come between
                // this annotated line and the next one
                if line_idx < (annotated_file.lines.len() - 1) {
                    let line_idx_delta = annotated_file.lines[line_idx + 1].line_index -
                                         annotated_file.lines[line_idx].line_index;
                    if line_idx_delta > 2 {
                        let last_buffer_line_num = buffer.num_lines();
                        buffer.puts(last_buffer_line_num, 0, "...", Style::LineNumber);
                    } else if line_idx_delta == 2 {
                        let unannotated_line = annotated_file.file
                            .get_line(annotated_file.lines[line_idx].line_index)
                            .unwrap_or("");

                        let last_buffer_line_num = buffer.num_lines();

                        buffer.puts(last_buffer_line_num,
                                    0,
                                    &(annotated_file.lines[line_idx + 1].line_index - 1)
                                        .to_string(),
                                    Style::LineNumber);
                        draw_col_separator(&mut buffer, last_buffer_line_num, 1 + max_line_num_len);
                        buffer.puts(last_buffer_line_num,
                                    3 + max_line_num_len,
                                    &unannotated_line,
                                    Style::Quotation);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // final step: take our styled buffer, render it, then output it
        try!(emit_to_destination(&buffer.render(), level, &mut self.dst));

        Ok(())
    }
    fn emit_suggestion_default(&mut self,
                               suggestion: &CodeSuggestion,
                               level: &Level,
                               msg: &str,
                               max_line_num_len: usize)
                               -> io::Result<()> {
        use std::borrow::Borrow;

        let primary_span = suggestion.msp.primary_span().unwrap();
        if let Some(ref cm) = self.cm {
            let mut buffer = StyledBuffer::new();

            buffer.append(0, &level.to_string(), Style::Level(level.clone()));
            buffer.append(0, ": ", Style::HeaderMsg);
            buffer.append(0, msg, Style::HeaderMsg);

            let lines = cm.span_to_lines(primary_span).unwrap();

            assert!(!lines.lines.is_empty());

            let complete = suggestion.splice_lines(cm.borrow());

            // print the suggestion without any line numbers, but leave
            // space for them. This helps with lining up with previous
            // snippets from the actual error being reported.
            let mut lines = complete.lines();
            let mut row_num = 1;
            for line in lines.by_ref().take(MAX_HIGHLIGHT_LINES) {
                draw_col_separator(&mut buffer, row_num, max_line_num_len + 1);
                buffer.append(row_num, line, Style::NoStyle);
                row_num += 1;
            }

            // if we elided some lines, add an ellipsis
            if let Some(_) = lines.next() {
                buffer.append(row_num, "...", Style::NoStyle);
            }
            try!(emit_to_destination(&buffer.render(), level, &mut self.dst));
        }
        Ok(())
    }
    fn emit_messages_default(&mut self,
                             level: &Level,
                             message: &String,
                             code: &Option<String>,
                             span: &MultiSpan,
                             children: &Vec<SubDiagnostic>) {
        let max_line_num = self.get_max_line_num(span, children);
        let max_line_num_len = max_line_num.to_string().len();

        match self.emit_message_default(span, message, code, level, max_line_num_len, false) {
            Ok(()) => {
                if !children.is_empty() {
                    let mut buffer = StyledBuffer::new();
                    draw_col_separator_no_space(&mut buffer, 0, max_line_num_len + 1);
                    match emit_to_destination(&buffer.render(), level, &mut self.dst) {
                        Ok(()) => (),
                        Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e)
                    }
                }
                for child in children {
                    match child.render_span {
                        Some(FullSpan(ref msp)) => {
                            match self.emit_message_default(msp,
                                                            &child.message,
                                                            &None,
                                                            &child.level,
                                                            max_line_num_len,
                                                            true) {
                                Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e),
                                _ => ()
                            }
                        },
                        Some(Suggestion(ref cs)) => {
                            match self.emit_suggestion_default(cs,
                                                               &child.level,
                                                               &child.message,
                                                               max_line_num_len) {
                                Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e),
                                _ => ()
                            }
                        },
                        None => {
                            match self.emit_message_default(&child.span,
                                                            &child.message,
                                                            &None,
                                                            &child.level,
                                                            max_line_num_len,
                                                            true) {
                                Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e),
                                _ => ()
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e),
        }
        match write!(&mut self.dst, "\n") {
            Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e),
            _ => {
                match self.dst.flush() {
                    Err(e) => panic!("failed to emit error: {}", e),
                    _ => (),
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

fn draw_col_separator(buffer: &mut StyledBuffer, line: usize, col: usize) {
    buffer.puts(line, col, "| ", Style::LineNumber);
}

fn draw_col_separator_no_space(buffer: &mut StyledBuffer, line: usize, col: usize) {
    buffer.puts(line, col, "|", Style::LineNumber);
}

fn draw_note_separator(buffer: &mut StyledBuffer, line: usize, col: usize) {
    buffer.puts(line, col, "= ", Style::LineNumber);
}

fn overlaps(a1: &Annotation, a2: &Annotation) -> bool {
    (a2.start_col..a2.end_col).syntex_contains(a1.start_col) ||
    (a1.start_col..a1.end_col).syntex_contains(a2.start_col)
}

trait SyntexContains<Idx> {
    fn syntex_contains(&self, item: Idx) -> bool;
}

impl<Idx> SyntexContains<Idx> for ops::Range<Idx> where Idx: PartialOrd {
    fn syntex_contains(&self, item: Idx) -> bool {
        (self.start <= item) && (item < self.end)
    }
}

fn emit_to_destination(rendered_buffer: &Vec<Vec<StyledString>>,
                       lvl: &Level,
                       dst: &mut Destination)
                       -> io::Result<()> {
    use lock;

    // In order to prevent error message interleaving, where multiple error lines get intermixed
    // when multiple compiler processes error simultaneously, we emit errors with additional
    // steps.
    //
    // On Unix systems, we write into a buffered terminal rather than directly to a terminal. When
    // the .flush() is called we take the buffer created from the buffered writes and write it at
    // one shot.  Because the Unix systems use ANSI for the colors, which is a text-based styling
    // scheme, this buffered approach works and maintains the styling.
    //
    // On Windows, styling happens through calls to a terminal API. This prevents us from using the
    // same buffering approach.  Instead, we use a global Windows mutex, which we acquire long
    // enough to output the full error message, then we release.
    let _buffer_lock = lock::acquire_global_lock("rustc_errors");
    for line in rendered_buffer {
        for part in line {
            try!(dst.apply_style(lvl.clone(), part.style));
            try!(write!(dst, "{}", part.text));
            try!(dst.reset_attrs());
        }
        try!(write!(dst, "\n"));
    }
    try!(dst.flush());
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(unix)]
fn stderr_isatty() -> bool {
    use libc;
    unsafe { libc::isatty(libc::STDERR_FILENO) != 0 }
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn stderr_isatty() -> bool {
    type DWORD = u32;
    type BOOL = i32;
    type HANDLE = *mut u8;
    const STD_ERROR_HANDLE: DWORD = -12i32 as DWORD;
    extern "system" {
        fn GetStdHandle(which: DWORD) -> HANDLE;
        fn GetConsoleMode(hConsoleHandle: HANDLE, lpMode: *mut DWORD) -> BOOL;
    }
    unsafe {
        let handle = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
        let mut out = 0;
        GetConsoleMode(handle, &mut out) != 0
    }
}

pub type BufferedStderr = term::Terminal<Output = BufferedWriter> + Send;

pub enum Destination {
    Terminal(Box<term::StderrTerminal>),
    BufferedTerminal(Box<BufferedStderr>),
    Raw(Box<Write + Send>),
}

/// Buffered writer gives us a way on Unix to buffer up an entire error message before we output
/// it.  This helps to prevent interleaving of multiple error messages when multiple compiler
/// processes error simultaneously
pub struct BufferedWriter {
    buffer: Vec<u8>,
}

impl BufferedWriter {
    // note: we use _new because the conditional compilation at its use site may make this
    // this function unused on some platforms
    fn _new() -> BufferedWriter {
        BufferedWriter { buffer: vec![] }
    }
}

impl Write for BufferedWriter {
    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        for b in buf {
            self.buffer.push(*b);
        }
        Ok(buf.len())
    }
    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mut stderr = io::stderr();
        let result = (|| {
            try!(stderr.write_all(&self.buffer));
            stderr.flush()
        })();
        self.buffer.clear();
        result
    }
}

impl Destination {
    #[cfg(not(windows))]
    /// When not on Windows, prefer the buffered terminal so that we can buffer an entire error
    /// to be emitted at one time.
    fn from_stderr() -> Destination {
        let stderr: Option<Box<BufferedStderr>> =
            term::TerminfoTerminal::new(BufferedWriter::_new())
                .map(|t| Box::new(t) as Box<BufferedStderr>);

        match stderr {
            Some(t) => BufferedTerminal(t),
            None => Raw(Box::new(io::stderr())),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    /// Return a normal, unbuffered terminal when on Windows.
    fn from_stderr() -> Destination {
        let stderr: Option<Box<term::StderrTerminal>> = term::TerminfoTerminal::new(io::stderr())
            .map(|t| Box::new(t) as Box<term::StderrTerminal>)
            .or_else(|| {
                term::WinConsole::new(io::stderr())
                    .ok()
                    .map(|t| Box::new(t) as Box<term::StderrTerminal>)
            });

        match stderr {
            Some(t) => Terminal(t),
            None => Raw(Box::new(io::stderr())),
        }
    }

    fn apply_style(&mut self, lvl: Level, style: Style) -> io::Result<()> {
        match style {
            Style::FileNameStyle | Style::LineAndColumn => {}
            Style::LineNumber => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                if cfg!(windows) {
                    try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_CYAN)));
                } else {
                    try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_BLUE)));
                }
            }
            Style::ErrorCode => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_MAGENTA)));
            }
            Style::Quotation => {}
            Style::OldSchoolNote => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_GREEN)));
            }
            Style::OldSchoolNoteText | Style::HeaderMsg => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                if cfg!(windows) {
                    try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_WHITE)));
                }
            }
            Style::UnderlinePrimary | Style::LabelPrimary => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(lvl.color())));
            }
            Style::UnderlineSecondary |
            Style::LabelSecondary => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                if cfg!(windows) {
                    try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_CYAN)));
                } else {
                    try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(term::color::BRIGHT_BLUE)));
                }
            }
            Style::NoStyle => {}
            Style::Level(l) => {
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::Bold));
                try!(self.start_attr(term::Attr::ForegroundColor(l.color())));
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn start_attr(&mut self, attr: term::Attr) -> io::Result<()> {
        match *self {
            Terminal(ref mut t) => {
                try!(t.attr(attr));
            }
            BufferedTerminal(ref mut t) => {
                try!(t.attr(attr));
            }
            Raw(_) => {}
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn reset_attrs(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        match *self {
            Terminal(ref mut t) => {
                try!(t.reset());
            }
            BufferedTerminal(ref mut t) => {
                try!(t.reset());
            }
            Raw(_) => {}
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl Write for Destination {
    fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        match *self {
            Terminal(ref mut t) => t.write(bytes),
            BufferedTerminal(ref mut t) => t.write(bytes),
            Raw(ref mut w) => w.write(bytes),
        }
    }
    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        match *self {
            Terminal(ref mut t) => t.flush(),
            BufferedTerminal(ref mut t) => t.flush(),
            Raw(ref mut w) => w.flush(),
        }
    }
}