solana 0.18.0-pre1

//! The `cluster_info` module defines a data structure that is shared by all the nodes in the network over
//! a gossip control plane.  The goal is to share small bits of off-chain information and detect and
//! repair partitions.
//!
//! This CRDT only supports a very limited set of types.  A map of Pubkey -> Versioned Struct.
//! The last version is always picked during an update.
//!
//! The network is arranged in layers:
//!
//! * layer 0 - Leader.
//! * layer 1 - As many nodes as we can fit
//! * layer 2 - Everyone else, if layer 1 is `2^10`, layer 2 should be able to fit `2^20` number of nodes.
//!
//! Bank needs to provide an interface for us to query the stake weight
use crate::bank_forks::BankForks;
use crate::blocktree::Blocktree;
use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
use crate::crds_gossip::CrdsGossip;
use crate::crds_gossip_error::CrdsGossipError;
use crate::crds_gossip_pull::{CrdsFilter, CRDS_GOSSIP_PULL_CRDS_TIMEOUT_MS};
use crate::crds_value::{CrdsValue, CrdsValueLabel, EpochSlots, Vote};
use crate::packet::{to_shared_blob, SharedBlob, BLOB_SIZE};
use crate::repair_service::RepairType;
use crate::result::Result;
use crate::staking_utils;
use crate::streamer::{BlobReceiver, BlobSender};
use crate::weighted_shuffle::weighted_shuffle;
use bincode::{deserialize, serialize, serialized_size};
use core::cmp;
use itertools::Itertools;
use rand::SeedableRng;
use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
use rand_chacha::ChaChaRng;
use rayon::prelude::*;
use solana_metrics::{datapoint_debug, inc_new_counter_debug, inc_new_counter_error};
use solana_netutil::{
    bind_in_range, bind_to, find_available_port_in_range, multi_bind_in_range, PortRange,
};
use solana_sdk::packet::PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil, Signable, Signature};
use solana_sdk::timing::{duration_as_ms, timestamp};
use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::cmp::min;
use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
use std::fmt;
use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
use std::thread::{sleep, Builder, JoinHandle};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

pub const FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE: PortRange = (8000, 10_000);

/// The Data plane fanout size, also used as the neighborhood size
pub const DATA_PLANE_FANOUT: usize = 200;
/// milliseconds we sleep for between gossip requests
pub const GOSSIP_SLEEP_MILLIS: u64 = 100;

/// the number of slots to respond with when responding to `Orphan` requests
pub const MAX_ORPHAN_REPAIR_RESPONSES: usize = 10;

/// The maximum size of a protocol payload
const MAX_PROTOCOL_PAYLOAD_SIZE: u64 = PACKET_DATA_SIZE as u64;

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ClusterInfoError {
    NoPeers,
    NoLeader,
    BadContactInfo,
    BadGossipAddress,
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct ClusterInfo {
    /// The network
    pub gossip: CrdsGossip,
    /// set the keypair that will be used to sign crds values generated. It is unset only in tests.
    pub(crate) keypair: Arc<Keypair>,
    /// The network entrypoint
    entrypoint: Option<ContactInfo>,
}

#[derive(Default, Clone)]
pub struct Locality {
    /// The bounds of the neighborhood represented by this locality
    pub neighbor_bounds: (usize, usize),
    /// The `turbine` layer this locality is in
    pub layer_ix: usize,
    /// The bounds of the current layer
    pub layer_bounds: (usize, usize),
    /// The bounds of the next layer
    pub next_layer_bounds: Option<(usize, usize)>,
    /// The indices of the nodes that should be contacted in next layer
    pub next_layer_peers: Vec<usize>,
}

impl fmt::Debug for Locality {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
            "Locality {{ neighborhood_bounds: {:?}, current_layer: {:?}, child_layer_bounds: {:?} child_layer_peers: {:?} }}",
            self.neighbor_bounds, self.layer_ix, self.next_layer_bounds, self.next_layer_peers
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub struct PruneData {
    /// Pubkey of the node that sent this prune data
    pub pubkey: Pubkey,
    /// Pubkeys of nodes that should be pruned
    pub prunes: Vec<Pubkey>,
    /// Signature of this Prune Message
    pub signature: Signature,
    /// The Pubkey of the intended node/destination for this message
    pub destination: Pubkey,
    /// Wallclock of the node that generated this message
    pub wallclock: u64,
}

impl Signable for PruneData {
    fn pubkey(&self) -> Pubkey {
        self.pubkey
    }

    fn signable_data(&self) -> Cow<[u8]> {
        #[derive(Serialize)]
        struct SignData {
            pubkey: Pubkey,
            prunes: Vec<Pubkey>,
            destination: Pubkey,
            wallclock: u64,
        }
        let data = SignData {
            pubkey: self.pubkey,
            prunes: self.prunes.clone(),
            destination: self.destination,
            wallclock: self.wallclock,
        };
        Cow::Owned(serialize(&data).expect("serialize PruneData"))
    }

    fn get_signature(&self) -> Signature {
        self.signature
    }

    fn set_signature(&mut self, signature: Signature) {
        self.signature = signature
    }
}

struct PullData {
    pub from_addr: SocketAddr,
    pub caller: CrdsValue,
    pub filter: CrdsFilter,
}

// TODO These messages should go through the gpu pipeline for spam filtering
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
enum Protocol {
    /// Gossip protocol messages
    PullRequest(CrdsFilter, CrdsValue),
    PullResponse(Pubkey, Vec<CrdsValue>),
    PushMessage(Pubkey, Vec<CrdsValue>),
    PruneMessage(Pubkey, PruneData),

    /// Window protocol messages
    /// TODO: move this message to a different module
    RequestWindowIndex(ContactInfo, u64, u64),
    RequestHighestWindowIndex(ContactInfo, u64, u64),
    RequestOrphan(ContactInfo, u64),
}

impl ClusterInfo {
    /// Without a valid keypair gossip will not function. Only useful for tests.
    pub fn new_with_invalid_keypair(contact_info: ContactInfo) -> Self {
        Self::new(contact_info, Arc::new(Keypair::new()))
    }

    pub fn new(contact_info: ContactInfo, keypair: Arc<Keypair>) -> Self {
        let mut me = Self {
            gossip: CrdsGossip::default(),
            keypair,
            entrypoint: None,
        };
        let id = contact_info.id;
        me.gossip.set_self(&id);
        me.insert_self(contact_info);
        me.push_self(&HashMap::new());
        me
    }

    pub fn insert_self(&mut self, contact_info: ContactInfo) {
        if self.id() == contact_info.id {
            let mut value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(contact_info.clone());
            value.sign(&self.keypair);
            let _ = self.gossip.crds.insert(value, timestamp());
        }
    }

    fn push_self(&mut self, stakes: &HashMap<Pubkey, u64>) {
        let mut my_data = self.my_data();
        let now = timestamp();
        my_data.wallclock = now;
        let mut entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(my_data);
        entry.sign(&self.keypair);
        self.gossip.refresh_push_active_set(stakes);
        self.gossip
            .process_push_message(&self.id(), vec![entry], now);
    }

    // TODO kill insert_info, only used by tests
    pub fn insert_info(&mut self, contact_info: ContactInfo) {
        let mut value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(contact_info);
        value.sign(&self.keypair);
        let _ = self.gossip.crds.insert(value, timestamp());
    }

    pub fn set_entrypoint(&mut self, entrypoint: ContactInfo) {
        self.entrypoint = Some(entrypoint)
    }

    pub fn id(&self) -> Pubkey {
        self.gossip.id
    }

    pub fn lookup(&self, id: &Pubkey) -> Option<&ContactInfo> {
        let entry = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(*id);
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .lookup(&entry)
            .and_then(CrdsValue::contact_info)
    }

    pub fn my_data(&self) -> ContactInfo {
        self.lookup(&self.id()).cloned().unwrap()
    }

    pub fn contact_info_trace(&self) -> String {
        let now = timestamp();
        let mut spy_nodes = 0;
        let mut replicators = 0;
        let my_pubkey = self.my_data().id;
        let nodes: Vec<_> = self
            .all_peers()
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(node, last_updated)| {
                if Self::is_spy_node(&node) {
                    spy_nodes += 1;
                } else if Self::is_replicator(&node) {
                    replicators += 1;
                }
                fn addr_to_string(addr: &SocketAddr) -> String {
                    if ContactInfo::is_valid_address(addr) {
                        addr.to_string()
                    } else {
                        "none".to_string()
                    }
                }

                format!(
                    "- gossip: {:20} | {:5}ms | {} {}\n  \
                     tpu:    {:20} |         |\n  \
                     rpc:    {:20} |         |\n",
                    addr_to_string(&node.gossip),
                    now.saturating_sub(last_updated),
                    node.id,
                    if node.id == my_pubkey { "(me)" } else { "" }.to_string(),
                    addr_to_string(&node.tpu),
                    addr_to_string(&node.rpc),
                )
            })
            .collect();

        format!(
            " Node contact info             | Age     | Node identifier                   \n\
             -------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------\n\
             {}\
             Nodes: {}{}{}",
            nodes.join(""),
            nodes.len() - spy_nodes - replicators,
            if replicators > 0 {
                format!("\nReplicators: {}", replicators)
            } else {
                "".to_string()
            },
            if spy_nodes > 0 {
                format!("\nSpies: {}", spy_nodes)
            } else {
                "".to_string()
            }
        )
    }

    pub fn push_epoch_slots(&mut self, id: Pubkey, root: u64, slots: BTreeSet<u64>) {
        let now = timestamp();
        let mut entry = CrdsValue::EpochSlots(EpochSlots::new(id, root, slots, now));
        entry.sign(&self.keypair);
        self.gossip
            .process_push_message(&self.id(), vec![entry], now);
    }

    pub fn push_vote(&mut self, vote: Transaction) {
        let now = timestamp();
        let vote = Vote::new(&self.id(), vote, now);
        let mut entry = CrdsValue::Vote(vote);
        entry.sign(&self.keypair);
        self.gossip
            .process_push_message(&self.id(), vec![entry], now);
    }

    /// Get votes in the crds
    /// * since - The timestamp of when the vote inserted must be greater than
    /// since. This allows the bank to query for new votes only.
    ///
    /// * return - The votes, and the max timestamp from the new set.
    pub fn get_votes(&self, since: u64) -> (Vec<Transaction>, u64) {
        let votes: Vec<_> = self
            .gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter(|x| x.insert_timestamp > since)
            .filter_map(|x| {
                x.value
                    .vote()
                    .map(|v| (x.insert_timestamp, v.transaction.clone()))
            })
            .collect();
        let max_ts = votes.iter().map(|x| x.0).max().unwrap_or(since);
        let txs: Vec<Transaction> = votes.into_iter().map(|x| x.1).collect();
        (txs, max_ts)
    }

    pub fn get_epoch_state_for_node(
        &self,
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        since: Option<u64>,
    ) -> Option<(&EpochSlots, u64)> {
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .get(&CrdsValueLabel::EpochSlots(*pubkey))
            .filter(|x| {
                since
                    .map(|since| x.insert_timestamp > since)
                    .unwrap_or(true)
            })
            .map(|x| (x.value.epoch_slots().unwrap(), x.insert_timestamp))
    }

    pub fn get_gossiped_root_for_node(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey, since: Option<u64>) -> Option<u64> {
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .get(&CrdsValueLabel::EpochSlots(*pubkey))
            .filter(|x| {
                since
                    .map(|since| x.insert_timestamp > since)
                    .unwrap_or(true)
            })
            .map(|x| x.value.epoch_slots().unwrap().root)
    }

    pub fn get_contact_info_for_node(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> Option<&ContactInfo> {
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .get(&CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(*pubkey))
            .map(|x| x.value.contact_info().unwrap())
    }

    pub fn purge(&mut self, now: u64) {
        self.gossip.purge(now);
    }

    pub fn rpc_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| x.value.contact_info())
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.rpc))
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }

    // All nodes in gossip (including spy nodes) and the last time we heard about them
    pub(crate) fn all_peers(&self) -> Vec<(ContactInfo, u64)> {
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| {
                x.value
                    .contact_info()
                    .map(|ci| (ci.clone(), x.local_timestamp))
            })
            .collect()
    }

    pub fn gossip_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| x.value.contact_info())
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.gossip))
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }

    /// all peers that have a valid tvu port.
    pub fn tvu_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| x.value.contact_info())
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.tvu))
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }

    /// all peers that have a valid storage addr
    pub fn storage_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| x.value.contact_info())
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.storage_addr))
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }

    /// all peers that have a valid tvu
    pub fn retransmit_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| x.value.contact_info())
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.tvu))
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }

    /// all tvu peers with valid gossip addrs
    fn repair_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        ClusterInfo::tvu_peers(self)
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.gossip))
            .collect()
    }

    fn is_spy_node(contact_info: &ContactInfo) -> bool {
        (!ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.tpu)
            || !ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.gossip)
            || !ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.tvu))
            && !ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.storage_addr)
    }

    pub fn is_replicator(contact_info: &ContactInfo) -> bool {
        ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.storage_addr)
            && !ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.tpu)
    }

    fn stake_weighted_shuffle<S: std::hash::BuildHasher>(
        peers: &[ContactInfo],
        stakes: Option<&HashMap<Pubkey, u64, S>>,
        rng: ChaChaRng,
    ) -> Vec<(u64, ContactInfo)> {
        let (stake_weights, peers_with_stakes): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = peers
            .iter()
            .map(|c| {
                let stake = stakes.map_or(0, |stakes| *stakes.get(&c.id).unwrap_or(&0));
                // For stake weighted shuffle a valid weight is atleast 1. Weight 0 is
                // assumed to be missing entry. So let's make sure stake weights are atleast 1
                (cmp::max(1, stake), (stake, c.clone()))
            })
            .sorted_by(|(_, (l_stake, l_info)), (_, (r_stake, r_info))| {
                if r_stake == l_stake {
                    r_info.id.cmp(&l_info.id)
                } else {
                    r_stake.cmp(&l_stake)
                }
            })
            .unzip();

        let shuffle = weighted_shuffle(stake_weights, rng);

        let mut out: Vec<(u64, ContactInfo)> = shuffle
            .iter()
            .map(|x| peers_with_stakes[*x].clone())
            .collect();

        out.dedup();
        out
    }

    /// Return sorted Retransmit peers and index of `Self.id()` as if it were in that list
    pub fn shuffle_peers_and_index<S: std::hash::BuildHasher>(
        &self,
        stakes: Option<&HashMap<Pubkey, u64, S>>,
        rng: ChaChaRng,
    ) -> (usize, Vec<ContactInfo>) {
        let mut peers = self.retransmit_peers();
        peers.push(self.lookup(&self.id()).unwrap().clone());
        let contacts_and_stakes: Vec<_> = ClusterInfo::stake_weighted_shuffle(&peers, stakes, rng);
        let mut index = 0;
        let peers: Vec<_> = contacts_and_stakes
            .into_iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, (_, peer))| {
                if peer.id == self.id() {
                    index = i;
                }
                peer
            })
            .collect();
        (index, peers)
    }

    pub fn sorted_tvu_peers(
        &self,
        stakes: Option<&HashMap<Pubkey, u64>>,
        rng: ChaChaRng,
    ) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let peers = self.tvu_peers();
        let peers_with_stakes: Vec<_> = ClusterInfo::stake_weighted_shuffle(&peers, stakes, rng);
        peers_with_stakes
            .iter()
            .map(|(_, peer)| (*peer).clone())
            .collect()
    }

    /// compute broadcast table
    pub fn tpu_peers(&self) -> Vec<ContactInfo> {
        let me = self.my_data().id;
        self.gossip
            .crds
            .table
            .values()
            .filter_map(|x| x.value.contact_info())
            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
            .filter(|x| ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&x.tpu))
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }

    /// Given a node count and fanout, it calculates how many layers are needed and at what index each layer begins.
    pub fn describe_data_plane(nodes: usize, fanout: usize) -> (usize, Vec<usize>) {
        let mut layer_indices: Vec<usize> = vec![0];
        if nodes == 0 {
            (0, vec![])
        } else if nodes <= fanout {
            // single layer data plane
            (1, layer_indices)
        } else {
            //layer 1 is going to be the first num fanout nodes, so exclude those
            let mut remaining_nodes = nodes - fanout;
            layer_indices.push(fanout);
            let mut num_layers = 2;
            // fanout * num_nodes in a neighborhood, which is also fanout.
            let mut layer_capacity = fanout * fanout;
            while remaining_nodes > 0 {
                if remaining_nodes > layer_capacity {
                    // Needs more layers.
                    num_layers += 1;
                    remaining_nodes -= layer_capacity;
                    let end = *layer_indices.last().unwrap();
                    layer_indices.push(layer_capacity + end);

                    // Next layer's capacity
                    layer_capacity *= fanout;
                } else {
                    //everything will now fit in the layers we have
                    let end = *layer_indices.last().unwrap();
                    layer_indices.push(layer_capacity + end);
                    break;
                }
            }
            assert_eq!(num_layers, layer_indices.len() - 1);
            (num_layers, layer_indices)
        }
    }

    fn localize_item(
        layer_indices: &[usize],
        fanout: usize,
        select_index: usize,
        curr_index: usize,
    ) -> Option<(Locality)> {
        let end = layer_indices.len() - 1;
        let next = min(end, curr_index + 1);
        let layer_start = layer_indices[curr_index];
        // localized if selected index lies within the current layer's bounds
        let localized = select_index >= layer_start && select_index < layer_indices[next];
        if localized {
            let mut locality = Locality::default();
            let hood_ix = (select_index - layer_start) / fanout;
            match curr_index {
                _ if curr_index == 0 => {
                    locality.layer_ix = 0;
                    locality.layer_bounds = (0, fanout);
                    locality.neighbor_bounds = locality.layer_bounds;

                    if next == end {
                        locality.next_layer_bounds = None;
                        locality.next_layer_peers = vec![];
                    } else {
                        locality.next_layer_bounds =
                            Some((layer_indices[next], layer_indices[next + 1]));
                        locality.next_layer_peers = ClusterInfo::next_layer_peers(
                            select_index,
                            hood_ix,
                            layer_indices[next],
                            fanout,
                        );
                    }
                }
                _ if curr_index == end => {
                    locality.layer_ix = end;
                    locality.layer_bounds = (end - fanout, end);
                    locality.neighbor_bounds = locality.layer_bounds;
                    locality.next_layer_bounds = None;
                    locality.next_layer_peers = vec![];
                }
                ix => {
                    locality.layer_ix = ix;
                    locality.layer_bounds = (layer_start, layer_indices[next]);
                    locality.neighbor_bounds = (
                        ((hood_ix * fanout) + layer_start),
                        ((hood_ix + 1) * fanout + layer_start),
                    );

                    if next == end {
                        locality.next_layer_bounds = None;
                        locality.next_layer_peers = vec![];
                    } else {
                        locality.next_layer_bounds =
                            Some((layer_indices[next], layer_indices[next + 1]));
                        locality.next_layer_peers = ClusterInfo::next_layer_peers(
                            select_index,
                            hood_ix,
                            layer_indices[next],
                            fanout,
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
            Some(locality)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Given a array of layer indices and an index of interest, returns (as a `Locality`) the layer,
    /// layer-bounds, and neighborhood-bounds in which the index resides
    fn localize(layer_indices: &[usize], fanout: usize, select_index: usize) -> Locality {
        (0..layer_indices.len())
            .find_map(|i| ClusterInfo::localize_item(layer_indices, fanout, select_index, i))
            .or_else(|| Some(Locality::default()))
            .unwrap()
    }

    /// Selects a range in the next layer and chooses nodes from that range as peers for the given index
    fn next_layer_peers(index: usize, hood_ix: usize, start: usize, fanout: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
        // Each neighborhood is only tasked with pushing to `fanout` neighborhoods where each neighborhood contains `fanout` nodes.
        let fanout_nodes = fanout * fanout;
        // Skip first N nodes, where N is hood_ix * (fanout_nodes)
        let start = start + (hood_ix * fanout_nodes);
        let end = start + fanout_nodes;
        (start..end)
            .step_by(fanout)
            .map(|x| x + index % fanout)
            .collect()
    }

    /// broadcast messages from the leader to layer 1 nodes
    /// # Remarks
    pub fn broadcast<I>(
        &self,
        s: &UdpSocket,
        blobs: I,
        stakes: Option<&HashMap<Pubkey, u64>>,
    ) -> Result<()>
    where
        I: IntoIterator,
        I::Item: Borrow<SharedBlob>,
    {
        let mut last_err = Ok(());
        let mut broadcast_table_len = 0;
        let mut blobs_len = 0;
        blobs.into_iter().for_each(|b| {
            blobs_len += 1;
            let blob = b.borrow().read().unwrap();
            let broadcast_table = self.sorted_tvu_peers(stakes, ChaChaRng::from_seed(blob.seed()));
            broadcast_table_len = cmp::max(broadcast_table_len, broadcast_table.len());

            if !broadcast_table.is_empty() {
                if let Err(e) = s.send_to(&blob.data[..blob.meta.size], &broadcast_table[0].tvu) {
                    trace!("{}: broadcast result {:?}", self.id(), e);
                    last_err = Err(e);
                }
            }
        });

        last_err?;

        inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-broadcast-max_idx", blobs_len);
        datapoint_info!(
            "cluster_info-num_nodes",
            ("count", broadcast_table_len + 1, i64)
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    /// retransmit messages to a list of nodes
    /// # Remarks
    /// We need to avoid having obj locked while doing a io, such as the `send_to`
    pub fn retransmit_to(
        obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        peers: &[ContactInfo],
        blob: &SharedBlob,
        slot_leader_pubkey: Option<Pubkey>,
        s: &UdpSocket,
        forwarded: bool,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let (me, orders): (ContactInfo, &[ContactInfo]) = {
            // copy to avoid locking during IO
            let s = obj.read().unwrap();
            (s.my_data().clone(), peers)
        };
        // hold a write lock so no one modifies the blob until we send it
        let mut wblob = blob.write().unwrap();
        let was_forwarded = !wblob.should_forward();
        wblob.set_forwarded(forwarded);
        trace!("retransmit orders {}", orders.len());
        let errs: Vec<_> = orders
            .par_iter()
            .filter(|v| v.id != slot_leader_pubkey.unwrap_or_default())
            .map(|v| {
                debug!(
                    "{}: retransmit blob {} to {} {}",
                    me.id,
                    wblob.index(),
                    v.id,
                    v.tvu,
                );
                //TODO profile this, may need multiple sockets for par_iter
                assert!(wblob.meta.size <= BLOB_SIZE);
                s.send_to(&wblob.data[..wblob.meta.size], &v.tvu)
            })
            .collect();
        // reset the blob to its old state. This avoids us having to copy the blob to modify it
        wblob.set_forwarded(was_forwarded);
        for e in errs {
            if let Err(e) = &e {
                inc_new_counter_error!("cluster_info-retransmit-send_to_error", 1, 1);
                error!("retransmit result {:?}", e);
            }
            e?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn window_index_request_bytes(&self, slot: u64, blob_index: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let req = Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(self.my_data().clone(), slot, blob_index);
        let out = serialize(&req)?;
        Ok(out)
    }

    fn window_highest_index_request_bytes(&self, slot: u64, blob_index: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let req = Protocol::RequestHighestWindowIndex(self.my_data().clone(), slot, blob_index);
        let out = serialize(&req)?;
        Ok(out)
    }

    fn orphan_bytes(&self, slot: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let req = Protocol::RequestOrphan(self.my_data().clone(), slot);
        let out = serialize(&req)?;
        Ok(out)
    }

    pub fn repair_request(&self, repair_request: &RepairType) -> Result<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)> {
        // find a peer that appears to be accepting replication, as indicated
        //  by a valid tvu port location
        let valid: Vec<_> = self.repair_peers();
        if valid.is_empty() {
            Err(ClusterInfoError::NoPeers)?;
        }
        let n = thread_rng().gen::<usize>() % valid.len();
        let addr = valid[n].gossip; // send the request to the peer's gossip port
        let out = self.map_repair_request(repair_request)?;

        Ok((addr, out))
    }
    pub fn map_repair_request(&self, repair_request: &RepairType) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        match repair_request {
            RepairType::Blob(slot, blob_index) => {
                datapoint_debug!(
                    "cluster_info-repair",
                    ("repair-slot", *slot, i64),
                    ("repair-ix", *blob_index, i64)
                );
                Ok(self.window_index_request_bytes(*slot, *blob_index)?)
            }
            RepairType::HighestBlob(slot, blob_index) => {
                datapoint_debug!(
                    "cluster_info-repair_highest",
                    ("repair-highest-slot", *slot, i64),
                    ("repair-highest-ix", *blob_index, i64)
                );
                Ok(self.window_highest_index_request_bytes(*slot, *blob_index)?)
            }
            RepairType::Orphan(slot) => {
                datapoint_debug!("cluster_info-repair_orphan", ("repair-orphan", *slot, i64));
                Ok(self.orphan_bytes(*slot)?)
            }
        }
    }
    // If the network entrypoint hasn't been discovered yet, add it to the crds table
    fn add_entrypoint(&mut self, pulls: &mut Vec<(Pubkey, CrdsFilter, SocketAddr, CrdsValue)>) {
        match &self.entrypoint {
            Some(entrypoint) => {
                let self_info = self
                    .gossip
                    .crds
                    .lookup(&CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(self.id()))
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("self_id invalid {}", self.id()));

                self.gossip
                    .pull
                    .build_crds_filters(&self.gossip.crds, Self::max_bloom_size())
                    .into_iter()
                    .for_each(|filter| {
                        pulls.push((entrypoint.id, filter, entrypoint.gossip, self_info.clone()))
                    })
            }
            None => (),
        }
    }

    /// Splits a Vec of CrdsValues into a nested Vec, trying to make sure that
    /// each Vec is no larger than `PROTOCOL_PAYLOAD_SIZE`
    /// Note: some messages cannot be contained within that size so in the worst case this returns
    /// N nested Vecs with 1 item each.
    fn split_gossip_messages(mut msgs: Vec<CrdsValue>) -> Vec<Vec<CrdsValue>> {
        let mut messages = vec![];
        while !msgs.is_empty() {
            let mut size = 0;
            let mut payload = vec![];
            while let Some(msg) = msgs.pop() {
                let msg_size = msg.size();
                if size + msg_size > MAX_PROTOCOL_PAYLOAD_SIZE as u64 {
                    if msg_size < MAX_PROTOCOL_PAYLOAD_SIZE as u64 {
                        msgs.push(msg);
                    } else {
                        debug!(
                            "dropping message larger than the maximum payload size {:?}",
                            msg
                        );
                    }
                    break;
                }
                size += msg_size;
                payload.push(msg);
            }
            messages.push(payload);
        }
        messages
    }

    // computes the maximum size for pull request blooms
    pub fn max_bloom_size() -> usize {
        let filter_size = serialized_size(&CrdsFilter::default())
            .expect("unable to serialize default filter") as usize;
        let protocol = Protocol::PullRequest(
            CrdsFilter::default(),
            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::default()),
        );
        let protocol_size =
            serialized_size(&protocol).expect("unable to serialize gossip protocol") as usize;
        PACKET_DATA_SIZE - (protocol_size - filter_size)
    }

    fn new_pull_requests(&mut self, stakes: &HashMap<Pubkey, u64>) -> Vec<(SocketAddr, Protocol)> {
        let now = timestamp();
        let mut pulls: Vec<_> = self
            .gossip
            .new_pull_request(now, stakes, Self::max_bloom_size())
            .ok()
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|(peer, filters, me)| {
                let peer_label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(peer);
                self.gossip
                    .crds
                    .lookup(&peer_label)
                    .and_then(CrdsValue::contact_info)
                    .map(move |peer_info| {
                        filters
                            .into_iter()
                            .map(move |f| (peer, f, peer_info.gossip, me.clone()))
                    })
            })
            .flatten()
            .collect();
        if pulls.is_empty() {
            self.add_entrypoint(&mut pulls);
        }
        pulls
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(peer, filter, gossip, self_info)| {
                self.gossip.mark_pull_request_creation_time(&peer, now);
                (gossip, Protocol::PullRequest(filter, self_info))
            })
            .collect()
    }
    fn new_push_requests(&mut self) -> Vec<(SocketAddr, Protocol)> {
        let self_id = self.gossip.id;
        let (_, push_messages) = self.gossip.new_push_messages(timestamp());
        push_messages
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|(peer, messages)| {
                let peer_label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(peer);
                self.gossip
                    .crds
                    .lookup(&peer_label)
                    .and_then(CrdsValue::contact_info)
                    .map(|p| (p.gossip, messages))
            })
            .map(|(peer, msgs)| {
                Self::split_gossip_messages(msgs)
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(move |payload| (peer, Protocol::PushMessage(self_id, payload)))
            })
            .flatten()
            .collect()
    }

    fn gossip_request(&mut self, stakes: &HashMap<Pubkey, u64>) -> Vec<(SocketAddr, Protocol)> {
        let pulls: Vec<_> = self.new_pull_requests(stakes);
        let pushes: Vec<_> = self.new_push_requests();
        vec![pulls, pushes].into_iter().flat_map(|x| x).collect()
    }

    /// At random pick a node and try to get updated changes from them
    fn run_gossip(
        obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        stakes: &HashMap<Pubkey, u64>,
        blob_sender: &BlobSender,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let reqs = obj.write().unwrap().gossip_request(&stakes);
        let blobs = reqs
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|(remote_gossip_addr, req)| to_shared_blob(req, remote_gossip_addr).ok())
            .collect();
        blob_sender.send(blobs)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// randomly pick a node and ask them for updates asynchronously
    pub fn gossip(
        obj: Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        bank_forks: Option<Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>>,
        blob_sender: BlobSender,
        exit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
    ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
        let exit = exit.clone();
        Builder::new()
            .name("solana-gossip".to_string())
            .spawn(move || {
                let mut last_push = timestamp();
                loop {
                    let start = timestamp();
                    let stakes: HashMap<_, _> = match bank_forks {
                        Some(ref bank_forks) => {
                            staking_utils::staked_nodes(&bank_forks.read().unwrap().working_bank())
                        }
                        None => HashMap::new(),
                    };
                    let _ = Self::run_gossip(&obj, &stakes, &blob_sender);
                    if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                        return;
                    }
                    obj.write().unwrap().purge(timestamp());
                    //TODO: possibly tune this parameter
                    //we saw a deadlock passing an obj.read().unwrap().timeout into sleep
                    if start - last_push > CRDS_GOSSIP_PULL_CRDS_TIMEOUT_MS / 2 {
                        obj.write().unwrap().push_self(&stakes);
                        last_push = timestamp();
                    }
                    let elapsed = timestamp() - start;
                    if GOSSIP_SLEEP_MILLIS > elapsed {
                        let time_left = GOSSIP_SLEEP_MILLIS - elapsed;
                        sleep(Duration::from_millis(time_left));
                    }
                }
            })
            .unwrap()
    }

    fn run_window_request(
        from: &ContactInfo,
        from_addr: &SocketAddr,
        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
        me: &ContactInfo,
        slot: u64,
        blob_index: u64,
    ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
        if let Some(blocktree) = blocktree {
            // Try to find the requested index in one of the slots
            let blob = blocktree.get_data_blob(slot, blob_index);

            if let Ok(Some(mut blob)) = blob {
                inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-window-request-ledger", 1);
                blob.meta.set_addr(from_addr);

                return vec![Arc::new(RwLock::new(blob))];
            }
        }

        inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-window-request-fail", 1);
        trace!(
            "{}: failed RequestWindowIndex {} {} {}",
            me.id,
            from.id,
            slot,
            blob_index,
        );

        vec![]
    }

    fn run_highest_window_request(
        from_addr: &SocketAddr,
        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
        slot: u64,
        highest_index: u64,
    ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
        if let Some(blocktree) = blocktree {
            // Try to find the requested index in one of the slots
            let meta = blocktree.meta(slot);

            if let Ok(Some(meta)) = meta {
                if meta.received > highest_index {
                    // meta.received must be at least 1 by this point
                    let blob = blocktree.get_data_blob(slot, meta.received - 1);

                    if let Ok(Some(mut blob)) = blob {
                        blob.meta.set_addr(from_addr);
                        return vec![Arc::new(RwLock::new(blob))];
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        vec![]
    }

    fn run_orphan(
        from_addr: &SocketAddr,
        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
        mut slot: u64,
        max_responses: usize,
    ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
        let mut res = vec![];
        if let Some(blocktree) = blocktree {
            // Try to find the next "n" parent slots of the input slot
            while let Ok(Some(meta)) = blocktree.meta(slot) {
                if meta.received == 0 {
                    break;
                }
                let blob = blocktree.get_data_blob(slot, meta.received - 1);
                if let Ok(Some(mut blob)) = blob {
                    blob.meta.set_addr(from_addr);
                    res.push(Arc::new(RwLock::new(blob)));
                }
                if meta.is_parent_set() && res.len() <= max_responses {
                    slot = meta.parent_slot;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        res
    }

    fn handle_blobs(
        me: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
        stakes: &HashMap<Pubkey, u64>,
        blobs: &[SharedBlob],
        response_sender: &BlobSender,
    ) {
        // iter over the blobs, collect pulls separately and process everything else
        let mut gossip_pull_data: Vec<PullData> = vec![];
        blobs.iter().for_each(|blob| {
            let blob = blob.read().unwrap();
            let from_addr = blob.meta.addr();
            deserialize(&blob.data[..blob.meta.size])
                .into_iter()
                .for_each(|request| match request {
                    Protocol::PullRequest(filter, caller) => {
                        if !caller.verify() {
                            inc_new_counter_error!(
                                "cluster_info-gossip_pull_request_verify_fail",
                                1
                            );
                        } else if caller.contact_info().is_some() {
                            if caller.contact_info().unwrap().pubkey()
                                == me.read().unwrap().gossip.id
                            {
                                warn!("PullRequest ignored, I'm talking to myself");
                                inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-window-request-loopback", 1);
                            } else {
                                gossip_pull_data.push(PullData {
                                    from_addr,
                                    caller,
                                    filter,
                                });
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Protocol::PullResponse(from, mut data) => {
                        data.retain(|v| {
                            let ret = v.verify();
                            if !ret {
                                inc_new_counter_error!(
                                    "cluster_info-gossip_pull_response_verify_fail",
                                    1
                                );
                            }
                            ret
                        });
                        Self::handle_pull_response(me, &from, data);
                    }
                    Protocol::PushMessage(from, mut data) => {
                        data.retain(|v| {
                            let ret = v.verify();
                            if !ret {
                                inc_new_counter_error!(
                                    "cluster_info-gossip_push_msg_verify_fail",
                                    1
                                );
                            }
                            ret
                        });
                        let _ignore_disconnect = response_sender
                            .send(Self::handle_push_message(me, &from, data, stakes));
                    }
                    Protocol::PruneMessage(from, data) => {
                        if data.verify() {
                            inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-prune_message", 1);
                            inc_new_counter_debug!(
                                "cluster_info-prune_message-size",
                                data.prunes.len()
                            );
                            match me.write().unwrap().gossip.process_prune_msg(
                                &from,
                                &data.destination,
                                &data.prunes,
                                data.wallclock,
                                timestamp(),
                            ) {
                                Err(CrdsGossipError::PruneMessageTimeout) => {
                                    inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-prune_message_timeout", 1)
                                }
                                Err(CrdsGossipError::BadPruneDestination) => {
                                    inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-bad_prune_destination", 1)
                                }
                                _ => (),
                            }
                        } else {
                            inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-gossip_prune_msg_verify_fail", 1);
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {
                        let _ignore_disconnect = response_sender
                            .send(Self::handle_repair(me, &from_addr, blocktree, request));
                    }
                })
        });
        // process the collected pulls together
        let _ignore_disconnect =
            response_sender.send(Self::handle_pull_requests(me, gossip_pull_data));
    }

    fn handle_pull_requests(me: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>, requests: Vec<PullData>) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
        // split the requests into addrs and filters
        let mut caller_and_filters = vec![];
        let mut addrs = vec![];
        for pull_data in requests {
            caller_and_filters.push((pull_data.caller, pull_data.filter));
            addrs.push(pull_data.from_addr);
        }
        let now = timestamp();
        let self_id = me.read().unwrap().id();
        let pull_responses = me
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .gossip
            .process_pull_requests(caller_and_filters, now);
        pull_responses
            .into_iter()
            .zip(addrs.into_iter())
            .flat_map(|(response, from_addr)| {
                let len = response.len();
                trace!("get updates since response {}", len);
                inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-pull_request-rsp", len);
                Self::split_gossip_messages(response)
                    .into_iter()
                    .filter_map(move |payload| {
                        let protocol = Protocol::PullResponse(self_id, payload);
                        // The remote node may not know its public IP:PORT. Instead of responding to the caller's
                        // gossip addr, respond to the origin addr. The last origin addr is picked from the list of
                        // addrs.
                        to_shared_blob(protocol, from_addr).ok()
                    })
            })
            .collect()
    }

    fn handle_pull_response(me: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>, from: &Pubkey, data: Vec<CrdsValue>) {
        let len = data.len();
        let now = Instant::now();
        let self_id = me.read().unwrap().gossip.id;
        trace!("PullResponse me: {} from: {} len={}", self_id, from, len);
        me.write()
            .unwrap()
            .gossip
            .process_pull_response(from, data, timestamp());
        inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-pull_request_response", 1);
        inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-pull_request_response-size", len);

        report_time_spent("ReceiveUpdates", &now.elapsed(), &format!(" len: {}", len));
    }

    fn handle_push_message(
        me: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        from: &Pubkey,
        data: Vec<CrdsValue>,
        stakes: &HashMap<Pubkey, u64>,
    ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
        let self_id = me.read().unwrap().gossip.id;
        inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-push_message", 1);

        let updated: Vec<_> =
            me.write()
                .unwrap()
                .gossip
                .process_push_message(from, data, timestamp());

        let updated_labels: Vec<_> = updated.into_iter().map(|u| u.value.label()).collect();
        let prunes_map: HashMap<Pubkey, HashSet<Pubkey>> = me
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .gossip
            .prune_received_cache(updated_labels, stakes);

        let mut rsp: Vec<_> = prunes_map
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(from, prune_set)| {
                inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-push_message-prunes", prune_set.len());
                me.read().unwrap().lookup(&from).cloned().and_then(|ci| {
                    let mut prune_msg = PruneData {
                        pubkey: self_id,
                        prunes: prune_set.into_iter().collect(),
                        signature: Signature::default(),
                        destination: from,
                        wallclock: timestamp(),
                    };
                    prune_msg.sign(&me.read().unwrap().keypair);
                    let rsp = Protocol::PruneMessage(self_id, prune_msg);
                    to_shared_blob(rsp, ci.gossip).ok()
                })
            })
            .flatten()
            .collect();

        if !rsp.is_empty() {
            let pushes: Vec<_> = me.write().unwrap().new_push_requests();
            inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-push_message-pushes", pushes.len());
            let mut blobs: Vec<_> = pushes
                .into_iter()
                .filter_map(|(remote_gossip_addr, req)| {
                    to_shared_blob(req, remote_gossip_addr).ok()
                })
                .collect();
            rsp.append(&mut blobs);
            rsp
        } else {
            vec![]
        }
    }

    fn get_repair_sender(request: &Protocol) -> &ContactInfo {
        match request {
            Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(ref from, _, _) => from,
            Protocol::RequestHighestWindowIndex(ref from, _, _) => from,
            Protocol::RequestOrphan(ref from, _) => from,
            _ => panic!("Not a repair request"),
        }
    }

    fn handle_repair(
        me: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        from_addr: &SocketAddr,
        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
        request: Protocol,
    ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
        let now = Instant::now();

        //TODO this doesn't depend on cluster_info module, could be moved
        //but we are using the listen thread to service these request
        //TODO verify from is signed

        let self_id = me.read().unwrap().gossip.id;
        let from = Self::get_repair_sender(&request);
        if from.id == me.read().unwrap().gossip.id {
            warn!(
                "{}: Ignored received repair request from ME {}",
                self_id, from.id,
            );
            inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-handle-repair--eq", 1);
            return vec![];
        }

        me.write()
            .unwrap()
            .gossip
            .crds
            .update_record_timestamp(&from.id, timestamp());
        let my_info = me.read().unwrap().my_data().clone();

        let (res, label) = {
            match &request {
                Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(from, slot, blob_index) => {
                    inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-request-window-index", 1);
                    (
                        Self::run_window_request(
                            from,
                            &from_addr,
                            blocktree,
                            &my_info,
                            *slot,
                            *blob_index,
                        ),
                        "RequestWindowIndex",
                    )
                }

                Protocol::RequestHighestWindowIndex(_, slot, highest_index) => {
                    inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-request-highest-window-index", 1);
                    (
                        Self::run_highest_window_request(
                            &from_addr,
                            blocktree,
                            *slot,
                            *highest_index,
                        ),
                        "RequestHighestWindowIndex",
                    )
                }
                Protocol::RequestOrphan(_, slot) => {
                    inc_new_counter_debug!("cluster_info-request-orphan", 1);
                    (
                        Self::run_orphan(&from_addr, blocktree, *slot, MAX_ORPHAN_REPAIR_RESPONSES),
                        "RequestOrphan",
                    )
                }
                _ => panic!("Not a repair request"),
            }
        };

        trace!("{}: received repair request: {:?}", self_id, request);
        report_time_spent(label, &now.elapsed(), "");
        res
    }

    /// Process messages from the network
    fn run_listen(
        obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
        bank_forks: Option<&Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>>,
        requests_receiver: &BlobReceiver,
        response_sender: &BlobSender,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        //TODO cache connections
        let timeout = Duration::new(1, 0);
        let mut reqs = requests_receiver.recv_timeout(timeout)?;
        while let Ok(mut more) = requests_receiver.try_recv() {
            reqs.append(&mut more);
        }

        let stakes: HashMap<_, _> = match bank_forks {
            Some(ref bank_forks) => {
                staking_utils::staked_nodes(&bank_forks.read().unwrap().working_bank())
            }
            None => HashMap::new(),
        };

        Self::handle_blobs(obj, blocktree, &stakes, &reqs, response_sender);
        Ok(())
    }
    pub fn listen(
        me: Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
        blocktree: Option<Arc<Blocktree>>,
        bank_forks: Option<Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>>,
        requests_receiver: BlobReceiver,
        response_sender: BlobSender,
        exit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
    ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
        let exit = exit.clone();
        Builder::new()
            .name("solana-listen".to_string())
            .spawn(move || loop {
                let e = Self::run_listen(
                    &me,
                    blocktree.as_ref(),
                    bank_forks.as_ref(),
                    &requests_receiver,
                    &response_sender,
                );
                if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                    return;
                }
                if e.is_err() {
                    let me = me.read().unwrap();
                    debug!(
                        "{}: run_listen timeout, table size: {}",
                        me.gossip.id,
                        me.gossip.crds.table.len()
                    );
                }
            })
            .unwrap()
    }

    /// An alternative to Spy Node that has a valid gossip address and fully participate in Gossip.
    pub fn gossip_node(id: &Pubkey, gossip_addr: &SocketAddr) -> (ContactInfo, UdpSocket) {
        let (port, gossip_socket) = Node::get_gossip_port(gossip_addr, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
        let daddr = socketaddr_any!();

        let node = ContactInfo::new(
            id,
            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), port),
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            timestamp(),
        );
        (node, gossip_socket)
    }

    /// A Node with invalid ports to spy on gossip via pull requests
    pub fn spy_node(id: &Pubkey) -> (ContactInfo, UdpSocket) {
        let (_, gossip_socket) = bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE).unwrap();
        let daddr = socketaddr_any!();

        let node = ContactInfo::new(
            id,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            daddr,
            timestamp(),
        );
        (node, gossip_socket)
    }
}

/// Turbine logic
/// 1 - For the current node find out if it is in layer 1
/// 1.1 - If yes, then broadcast to all layer 1 nodes
///      1 - using the layer 1 index, broadcast to all layer 2 nodes assuming you know neighborhood size
/// 1.2 - If no, then figure out what layer the node is in and who the neighbors are and only broadcast to them
///      1 - also check if there are nodes in the next layer and repeat the layer 1 to layer 2 logic

/// Returns Neighbor Nodes and Children Nodes `(neighbors, children)` for a given node based on its stake (Bank Balance)
pub fn compute_retransmit_peers(
    fanout: usize,
    my_index: usize,
    peers: Vec<ContactInfo>,
) -> (Vec<ContactInfo>, Vec<ContactInfo>) {
    //calc num_layers and num_neighborhoods using the total number of nodes
    let (num_layers, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(peers.len(), fanout);

    if num_layers <= 1 {
        /* single layer data plane */
        (peers, vec![])
    } else {
        //find my layer
        let locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, fanout, my_index);
        let upper_bound = cmp::min(locality.neighbor_bounds.1, peers.len());
        let neighbors = peers[locality.neighbor_bounds.0..upper_bound].to_vec();
        let mut children = Vec::new();
        for ix in locality.next_layer_peers {
            if let Some(peer) = peers.get(ix) {
                children.push(peer.clone());
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        (neighbors, children)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Sockets {
    pub gossip: UdpSocket,
    pub tvu: Vec<UdpSocket>,
    pub tpu: Vec<UdpSocket>,
    pub tpu_forwards: Vec<UdpSocket>,
    pub broadcast: UdpSocket,
    pub repair: UdpSocket,
    pub retransmit: UdpSocket,
    pub storage: Option<UdpSocket>,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Node {
    pub info: ContactInfo,
    pub sockets: Sockets,
}

impl Node {
    pub fn new_localhost() -> Self {
        let pubkey = Pubkey::new_rand();
        Self::new_localhost_with_pubkey(&pubkey)
    }
    pub fn new_localhost_replicator(pubkey: &Pubkey) -> Self {
        let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let tvu = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let storage = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let empty = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
        let repair = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();

        let broadcast = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
        let retransmit = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
        let info = ContactInfo::new(
            pubkey,
            gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
            tvu.local_addr().unwrap(),
            empty,
            empty,
            storage.local_addr().unwrap(),
            empty,
            empty,
            timestamp(),
        );

        Node {
            info,
            sockets: Sockets {
                gossip,
                tvu: vec![tvu],
                tpu: vec![],
                tpu_forwards: vec![],
                broadcast,
                repair,
                retransmit,
                storage: Some(storage),
            },
        }
    }
    pub fn new_localhost_with_pubkey(pubkey: &Pubkey) -> Self {
        let tpu = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let tvu = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let tpu_forwards = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let repair = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
        let rpc_port = find_available_port_in_range((1024, 65535)).unwrap();
        let rpc_addr = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), rpc_port);
        let rpc_pubsub_port = find_available_port_in_range((1024, 65535)).unwrap();
        let rpc_pubsub_addr =
            SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), rpc_pubsub_port);

        let broadcast = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
        let retransmit = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
        let storage = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
        let info = ContactInfo::new(
            pubkey,
            gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
            tvu.local_addr().unwrap(),
            tpu.local_addr().unwrap(),
            tpu_forwards.local_addr().unwrap(),
            storage.local_addr().unwrap(),
            rpc_addr,
            rpc_pubsub_addr,
            timestamp(),
        );
        Node {
            info,
            sockets: Sockets {
                gossip,
                tvu: vec![tvu],
                tpu: vec![tpu],
                tpu_forwards: vec![tpu_forwards],
                broadcast,
                repair,
                retransmit,
                storage: None,
            },
        }
    }
    fn get_gossip_port(gossip_addr: &SocketAddr, port_range: PortRange) -> (u16, UdpSocket) {
        if gossip_addr.port() != 0 {
            (
                gossip_addr.port(),
                bind_to(gossip_addr.port(), false).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
                    panic!("gossip_addr bind_to port {}: {}", gossip_addr.port(), e)
                }),
            )
        } else {
            Self::bind(port_range)
        }
    }
    fn bind(port_range: PortRange) -> (u16, UdpSocket) {
        bind_in_range(port_range).expect("Failed to bind")
    }
    pub fn new_with_external_ip(
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        gossip_addr: &SocketAddr,
        port_range: PortRange,
    ) -> Node {
        let (gossip_port, gossip) = Self::get_gossip_port(gossip_addr, port_range);

        let (tvu_port, tvu_sockets) = multi_bind_in_range(port_range, 8).expect("tvu multi_bind");

        let (tpu_port, tpu_sockets) = multi_bind_in_range(port_range, 32).expect("tpu multi_bind");

        let (tpu_forwards_port, tpu_forwards_sockets) =
            multi_bind_in_range(port_range, 8).expect("tpu multi_bind");

        let (_, repair) = Self::bind(port_range);
        let (_, broadcast) = Self::bind(port_range);
        let (_, retransmit) = Self::bind(port_range);

        let info = ContactInfo::new(
            pubkey,
            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), gossip_port),
            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), tvu_port),
            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), tpu_port),
            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), tpu_forwards_port),
            socketaddr_any!(),
            socketaddr_any!(),
            socketaddr_any!(),
            0,
        );
        trace!("new ContactInfo: {:?}", info);

        Node {
            info,
            sockets: Sockets {
                gossip,
                tvu: tvu_sockets,
                tpu: tpu_sockets,
                tpu_forwards: tpu_forwards_sockets,
                broadcast,
                repair,
                retransmit,
                storage: None,
            },
        }
    }
    pub fn new_replicator_with_external_ip(
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        gossip_addr: &SocketAddr,
        port_range: PortRange,
    ) -> Node {
        let mut new = Self::new_with_external_ip(pubkey, gossip_addr, port_range);
        let (storage_port, storage_socket) = Self::bind(port_range);

        new.info.storage_addr = SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), storage_port);
        new.sockets.storage = Some(storage_socket);

        let empty = socketaddr_any!();
        new.info.tpu = empty;
        new.info.tpu_forwards = empty;
        new.sockets.tpu = vec![];
        new.sockets.tpu_forwards = vec![];

        new
    }
}

fn report_time_spent(label: &str, time: &Duration, extra: &str) {
    let count = duration_as_ms(time);
    if count > 5 {
        info!("{} took: {} ms {}", label, count, extra);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::blocktree::get_tmp_ledger_path;
    use crate::blocktree::tests::make_many_slot_entries;
    use crate::blocktree::Blocktree;
    use crate::crds_value::CrdsValueLabel;
    use crate::erasure::ErasureConfig;
    use crate::packet::{Blob, BLOB_HEADER_SIZE};
    use crate::repair_service::RepairType;
    use crate::result::Error;
    use crate::test_tx::test_tx;
    use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
    use std::collections::HashSet;
    use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
    use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};

    #[test]
    fn test_gossip_node() {
        //check that a gossip nodes always show up as spies
        let (node, _) = ClusterInfo::spy_node(&Pubkey::new_rand());
        assert!(ClusterInfo::is_spy_node(&node));
        let (node, _) =
            ClusterInfo::gossip_node(&Pubkey::new_rand(), &"1.1.1.1:1111".parse().unwrap());
        assert!(ClusterInfo::is_spy_node(&node));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cluster_spy_gossip() {
        //check that gossip doesn't try to push to invalid addresses
        let node = Node::new_localhost();
        let (spy, _) = ClusterInfo::spy_node(&Pubkey::new_rand());
        let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(
            node.info,
        )));
        cluster_info.write().unwrap().insert_info(spy);
        cluster_info
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .gossip
            .refresh_push_active_set(&HashMap::new());
        let reqs = cluster_info
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .gossip_request(&HashMap::new());
        //assert none of the addrs are invalid.
        reqs.iter().all(|(addr, _)| {
            let res = ContactInfo::is_valid_address(addr);
            assert!(res);
            res
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cluster_info_new() {
        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
        let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(d.clone());
        assert_eq!(d.id, cluster_info.my_data().id);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_info_test() {
        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
        let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(d);
        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
        let label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(d.id);
        cluster_info.insert_info(d);
        assert!(cluster_info.gossip.crds.lookup(&label).is_some());
    }
    #[test]
    fn test_insert_self() {
        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
        let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(d.clone());
        let entry_label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(cluster_info.id());
        assert!(cluster_info.gossip.crds.lookup(&entry_label).is_some());

        // inserting something else shouldn't work
        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
        cluster_info.insert_self(d.clone());
        let label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(d.id);
        assert!(cluster_info.gossip.crds.lookup(&label).is_none());
    }
    #[test]
    fn window_index_request() {
        let me = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
        let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(me);
        let rv = cluster_info.repair_request(&RepairType::Blob(0, 0));
        assert_matches!(rv, Err(Error::ClusterInfoError(ClusterInfoError::NoPeers)));

        let gossip_addr = socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1234);
        let nxt = ContactInfo::new(
            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
            gossip_addr,
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1235),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1236),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1237),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1238),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1239),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1240),
            0,
        );
        cluster_info.insert_info(nxt.clone());
        let rv = cluster_info
            .repair_request(&RepairType::Blob(0, 0))
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(nxt.gossip, gossip_addr);
        assert_eq!(rv.0, nxt.gossip);

        let gossip_addr2 = socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 2], 1234);
        let nxt = ContactInfo::new(
            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
            gossip_addr2,
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1235),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1236),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1237),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1238),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1239),
            socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1240),
            0,
        );
        cluster_info.insert_info(nxt);
        let mut one = false;
        let mut two = false;
        while !one || !two {
            //this randomly picks an option, so eventually it should pick both
            let rv = cluster_info
                .repair_request(&RepairType::Blob(0, 0))
                .unwrap();
            if rv.0 == gossip_addr {
                one = true;
            }
            if rv.0 == gossip_addr2 {
                two = true;
            }
        }
        assert!(one && two);
    }

    /// test window requests respond with the right blob, and do not overrun
    #[test]
    fn run_window_request() {
        solana_logger::setup();
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        {
            let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
            let me = ContactInfo::new(
                &Pubkey::new_rand(),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1234"),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1235"),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1236"),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1237"),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1238"),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1239"),
                socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1240"),
                0,
            );
            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_window_request(
                &me,
                &socketaddr_any!(),
                Some(&blocktree),
                &me,
                0,
                0,
            );
            assert!(rv.is_empty());
            let data_size = 1;
            let blob = SharedBlob::default();
            {
                let mut w_blob = blob.write().unwrap();
                w_blob.set_size(data_size);
                w_blob.set_index(1);
                w_blob.set_slot(2);
                w_blob.set_erasure_config(&ErasureConfig::default());
                w_blob.meta.size = data_size + BLOB_HEADER_SIZE;
            }

            blocktree
                .write_shared_blobs(vec![&blob])
                .expect("Expect successful ledger write");

            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_window_request(
                &me,
                &socketaddr_any!(),
                Some(&blocktree),
                &me,
                2,
                1,
            );
            assert!(!rv.is_empty());
            let v = rv[0].clone();
            assert_eq!(v.read().unwrap().index(), 1);
            assert_eq!(v.read().unwrap().slot(), 2);
            assert_eq!(v.read().unwrap().meta.size, BLOB_HEADER_SIZE + data_size);
        }

        Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
    }

    /// test run_window_requestwindow requests respond with the right blob, and do not overrun
    #[test]
    fn run_highest_window_request() {
        solana_logger::setup();
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        {
            let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
            let rv =
                ClusterInfo::run_highest_window_request(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 0, 0);
            assert!(rv.is_empty());

            let data_size = 1;
            let max_index = 5;
            let blobs: Vec<_> = (0..max_index)
                .map(|i| {
                    let mut blob = Blob::default();
                    blob.set_size(data_size);
                    blob.set_index(i);
                    blob.set_slot(2);
                    blob.set_erasure_config(&ErasureConfig::default());
                    blob.meta.size = data_size + BLOB_HEADER_SIZE;
                    blob
                })
                .collect();

            blocktree
                .write_blobs(&blobs)
                .expect("Expect successful ledger write");

            let rv =
                ClusterInfo::run_highest_window_request(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 2, 1);
            assert!(!rv.is_empty());
            let v = rv[0].clone();
            assert_eq!(v.read().unwrap().index(), max_index - 1);
            assert_eq!(v.read().unwrap().slot(), 2);
            assert_eq!(v.read().unwrap().meta.size, BLOB_HEADER_SIZE + data_size);

            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_highest_window_request(
                &socketaddr_any!(),
                Some(&blocktree),
                2,
                max_index,
            );
            assert!(rv.is_empty());
        }

        Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
    }

    #[test]
    fn run_orphan() {
        solana_logger::setup();
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        {
            let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_orphan(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 2, 0);
            assert!(rv.is_empty());

            // Create slots 1, 2, 3 with 5 blobs apiece
            let (blobs, _) = make_many_slot_entries(1, 3, 5);

            blocktree
                .write_blobs(&blobs)
                .expect("Expect successful ledger write");

            // We don't have slot 4, so we don't know how to service this requeset
            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_orphan(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 4, 5);
            assert!(rv.is_empty());

            // For slot 3, we should return the highest blobs from slots 3, 2, 1 respectively
            // for this request
            let rv: Vec<_> = ClusterInfo::run_orphan(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 3, 5)
                .iter()
                .map(|b| b.read().unwrap().clone())
                .collect();
            let expected: Vec<_> = (1..=3)
                .rev()
                .map(|slot| blocktree.get_data_blob(slot, 4).unwrap().unwrap())
                .collect();
            assert_eq!(rv, expected)
        }

        Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
    }

    fn assert_in_range(x: u16, range: (u16, u16)) {
        assert!(x >= range.0);
        assert!(x < range.1);
    }

    fn check_sockets(sockets: &Vec<UdpSocket>, ip: IpAddr, range: (u16, u16)) {
        assert!(sockets.len() > 1);
        let port = sockets[0].local_addr().unwrap().port();
        for socket in sockets.iter() {
            check_socket(socket, ip, range);
            assert_eq!(socket.local_addr().unwrap().port(), port);
        }
    }

    fn check_socket(socket: &UdpSocket, ip: IpAddr, range: (u16, u16)) {
        let local_addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(local_addr.ip(), ip);
        assert_in_range(local_addr.port(), range);
    }

    fn check_node_sockets(node: &Node, ip: IpAddr, range: (u16, u16)) {
        check_socket(&node.sockets.gossip, ip, range);
        check_socket(&node.sockets.repair, ip, range);

        check_sockets(&node.sockets.tvu, ip, range);
        check_sockets(&node.sockets.tpu, ip, range);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_with_external_ip_test_random() {
        let ip = Ipv4Addr::from(0);
        let node = Node::new_with_external_ip(
            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
            &socketaddr!(ip, 0),
            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
        );

        check_node_sockets(&node, IpAddr::V4(ip), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_with_external_ip_test_gossip() {
        let ip = IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::from(0));
        let port = {
            bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE)
                .expect("Failed to bind")
                .0
        };
        let node = Node::new_with_external_ip(
            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
            &socketaddr!(0, port),
            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
        );

        check_node_sockets(&node, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);

        assert_eq!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().port(), port);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_replicator_external_ip_test() {
        let ip = Ipv4Addr::from(0);
        let node = Node::new_replicator_with_external_ip(
            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
            &socketaddr!(ip, 0),
            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
        );

        let ip = IpAddr::V4(ip);
        check_socket(&node.sockets.storage.unwrap(), ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
        check_socket(&node.sockets.gossip, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
        check_socket(&node.sockets.repair, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);

        check_sockets(&node.sockets.tvu, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
    }

    //test that all cluster_info objects only generate signed messages
    //when constructed with keypairs
    #[test]
    fn test_gossip_signature_verification() {
        //create new cluster info, leader, and peer
        let keypair = Keypair::new();
        let peer_keypair = Keypair::new();
        let contact_info = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&keypair.pubkey(), 0);
        let peer = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&peer_keypair.pubkey(), 0);
        let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new(contact_info.clone(), Arc::new(keypair));
        cluster_info.insert_info(peer.clone());
        cluster_info.gossip.refresh_push_active_set(&HashMap::new());
        //check that all types of gossip messages are signed correctly
        let (_, push_messages) = cluster_info.gossip.new_push_messages(timestamp());
        // there should be some pushes ready
        assert_eq!(push_messages.len() > 0, true);
        push_messages
            .values()
            .for_each(|v| v.par_iter().for_each(|v| assert!(v.verify())));

        let (_, _, val) = cluster_info
            .gossip
            .new_pull_request(timestamp(), &HashMap::new(), ClusterInfo::max_bloom_size())
            .ok()
            .unwrap();
        assert!(val.verify());
    }

    fn num_layers(nodes: usize, fanout: usize) -> usize {
        ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(nodes, fanout).0
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_describe_data_plane() {
        // no nodes
        assert_eq!(num_layers(0, 200), 0);

        // 1 node
        assert_eq!(num_layers(1, 200), 1);

        // 10 nodes with fanout of 2
        assert_eq!(num_layers(10, 2), 3);

        // fanout + 1 nodes with fanout of 2
        assert_eq!(num_layers(3, 2), 2);

        // A little more realistic
        assert_eq!(num_layers(100, 10), 2);

        // A little more realistic with odd numbers
        assert_eq!(num_layers(103, 13), 2);

        // A little more realistic with just enough for 3 layers
        assert_eq!(num_layers(111, 10), 3);

        // larger
        let (layer_cnt, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(10_000, 10);
        assert_eq!(layer_cnt, 4);
        // distances between index values should increase by `fanout` for every layer.
        let mut capacity = 10 * 10;
        assert_eq!(layer_indices[1], 10);
        layer_indices[1..].windows(2).for_each(|x| {
            if x.len() == 2 {
                assert_eq!(x[1] - x[0], capacity);
                capacity *= 10;
            }
        });

        // massive
        let (layer_cnt, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(500_000, 200);
        let mut capacity = 200 * 200;
        assert_eq!(layer_cnt, 3);
        // distances between index values should increase by `fanout` for every layer.
        assert_eq!(layer_indices[1], 200);
        layer_indices[1..].windows(2).for_each(|x| {
            if x.len() == 2 {
                assert_eq!(x[1] - x[0], capacity);
                capacity *= 200;
            }
        });
        let total_capacity: usize = *layer_indices.last().unwrap();
        assert!(total_capacity >= 500_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_localize() {
        // go for gold
        let (_, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(500_000, 200);
        let mut me = 0;
        let mut layer_ix = 0;
        let locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 200, me);
        assert_eq!(locality.layer_ix, layer_ix);
        assert_eq!(
            locality.next_layer_bounds,
            Some((layer_indices[layer_ix + 1], layer_indices[layer_ix + 2]))
        );
        me = 201;
        layer_ix = 1;
        let locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 200, me);
        assert_eq!(
            locality.layer_ix, layer_ix,
            "layer_indices[layer_ix] is actually {}",
            layer_indices[layer_ix]
        );
        assert_eq!(
            locality.next_layer_bounds,
            Some((layer_indices[layer_ix + 1], layer_indices[layer_ix + 2]))
        );
        me = 20_000;
        layer_ix = 1;
        let locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 200, me);
        assert_eq!(
            locality.layer_ix, layer_ix,
            "layer_indices[layer_ix] is actually {}",
            layer_indices[layer_ix]
        );
        assert_eq!(
            locality.next_layer_bounds,
            Some((layer_indices[layer_ix + 1], layer_indices[layer_ix + 2]))
        );

        // test no child layer since last layer should have massive capacity
        let (_, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(500_000, 200);
        me = 40_201;
        layer_ix = 2;
        let locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 200, me);
        assert_eq!(
            locality.layer_ix, layer_ix,
            "layer_indices[layer_ix] is actually {}",
            layer_indices[layer_ix]
        );
        assert_eq!(locality.next_layer_bounds, None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_localize_child_peer_overlap() {
        let (_, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(500_000, 200);
        let last_ix = layer_indices.len() - 1;
        // sample every 33 pairs to reduce test time
        for x in (0..*layer_indices.get(last_ix - 2).unwrap()).step_by(33) {
            let me_locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 200, x);
            let buddy_locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 200, x + 1);
            assert!(!me_locality.next_layer_peers.is_empty());
            assert!(!buddy_locality.next_layer_peers.is_empty());
            me_locality
                .next_layer_peers
                .iter()
                .zip(buddy_locality.next_layer_peers.iter())
                .for_each(|(x, y)| assert_ne!(x, y));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_network_coverage() {
        // pretend to be each node in a scaled down network and make sure the set of all the broadcast peers
        // includes every node in the network.
        let (_, layer_indices) = ClusterInfo::describe_data_plane(25_000, 10);
        let mut broadcast_set = HashSet::new();
        for my_index in 0..25_000 {
            let my_locality = ClusterInfo::localize(&layer_indices, 10, my_index);
            broadcast_set.extend(my_locality.neighbor_bounds.0..my_locality.neighbor_bounds.1);
            broadcast_set.extend(my_locality.next_layer_peers);
        }

        for i in 0..25_000 {
            assert!(broadcast_set.contains(&(i as usize)));
        }
        assert!(broadcast_set.contains(&(layer_indices.last().unwrap() - 1)));
        //sanity check for past total capacity.
        assert!(!broadcast_set.contains(&(layer_indices.last().unwrap())));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_push_vote() {
        let keys = Keypair::new();
        let now = timestamp();
        let contact_info = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&keys.pubkey(), 0);
        let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(contact_info);

        // make sure empty crds is handled correctly
        let (votes, max_ts) = cluster_info.get_votes(now);
        assert_eq!(votes, vec![]);
        assert_eq!(max_ts, now);

        // add a vote
        let tx = test_tx();
        cluster_info.push_vote(tx.clone());

        // -1 to make sure that the clock is strictly lower then when insert occurred
        let (votes, max_ts) = cluster_info.get_votes(now - 1);
        assert_eq!(votes, vec![tx]);
        assert!(max_ts >= now - 1);

        // make sure timestamp filter works
        let (votes, new_max_ts) = cluster_info.get_votes(max_ts);
        assert_eq!(votes, vec![]);
        assert_eq!(max_ts, new_max_ts);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_add_entrypoint() {
        let node_keypair = Arc::new(Keypair::new());
        let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new(
            ContactInfo::new_localhost(&node_keypair.pubkey(), timestamp()),
            node_keypair,
        );
        let entrypoint_pubkey = Pubkey::new_rand();
        let entrypoint = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&entrypoint_pubkey, timestamp());
        cluster_info.set_entrypoint(entrypoint.clone());
        let pulls = cluster_info.new_pull_requests(&HashMap::new());
        assert_eq!(1, pulls.len() as u64);
        match pulls.get(0) {
            Some((addr, msg)) => {
                assert_eq!(*addr, entrypoint.gossip);
                match msg {
                    Protocol::PullRequest(_, value) => {
                        assert!(value.verify());
                        assert_eq!(value.pubkey(), cluster_info.id())
                    }
                    _ => panic!("wrong protocol"),
                }
            }
            None => panic!("entrypoint should be a pull destination"),
        }

        // now add this message back to the table and make sure after the next pull, the entrypoint is unset
        let entrypoint_crdsvalue = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(entrypoint.clone());
        let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
        ClusterInfo::handle_pull_response(
            &cluster_info,
            &entrypoint_pubkey,
            vec![entrypoint_crdsvalue],
        );
        let pulls = cluster_info
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .new_pull_requests(&HashMap::new());
        assert_eq!(1, pulls.len() as u64);
        assert_eq!(cluster_info.read().unwrap().entrypoint, Some(entrypoint));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_split_messages_small() {
        let value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::default());
        test_split_messages(value);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_split_messages_large() {
        let mut btree_slots = BTreeSet::new();
        for i in 0..128 {
            btree_slots.insert(i);
        }
        let value = CrdsValue::EpochSlots(EpochSlots {
            from: Pubkey::default(),
            root: 0,
            slots: btree_slots,
            signature: Signature::default(),
            wallclock: 0,
        });
        test_split_messages(value);
    }

    fn test_split_messages(value: CrdsValue) {
        const NUM_VALUES: usize = 30;
        let value_size = value.size();
        let expected_len = NUM_VALUES / (MAX_PROTOCOL_PAYLOAD_SIZE / value_size).max(1) as usize;
        let msgs = vec![value; NUM_VALUES];

        let split = ClusterInfo::split_gossip_messages(msgs);
        assert!(split.len() <= expected_len);
    }

}