safecoin-bpf-loader-program 1.14.3

pub use self::{
    cpi::{SyscallInvokeSignedC, SyscallInvokeSignedRust},
    logging::{
        SyscallLog, SyscallLogBpfComputeUnits, SyscallLogData, SyscallLogPubkey, SyscallLogU64,
    },
    mem_ops::{SyscallMemcmp, SyscallMemcpy, SyscallMemmove, SyscallMemset},
    sysvar::{
        SyscallGetClockSysvar, SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar, SyscallGetFeesSysvar,
        SyscallGetRentSysvar,
    },
};
#[allow(deprecated)]
use {
    crate::{allocator_bump::BpfAllocator, BpfError},
    safecoin_program_runtime::{
        ic_logger_msg, ic_msg,
        invoke_context::{ComputeMeter, InvokeContext},
        stable_log,
        timings::ExecuteTimings,
    },
    solana_rbpf::{
        aligned_memory::AlignedMemory,
        ebpf,
        error::EbpfError,
        memory_region::{AccessType, MemoryMapping},
        question_mark,
        verifier::RequisiteVerifier,
        vm::{EbpfVm, SyscallObject, SyscallRegistry},
    },
    safecoin_sdk::{
        account::{ReadableAccount, WritableAccount},
        account_info::AccountInfo,
        blake3, bpf_loader, bpf_loader_deprecated, bpf_loader_upgradeable,
        entrypoint::{BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128, MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE, SUCCESS},
        feature_set::{
            self, blake3_syscall_enabled, check_physical_overlapping, check_slice_translation_size,
            curve25519_syscall_enabled, disable_fees_sysvar,
            enable_early_verification_of_account_modifications, libsecp256k1_0_5_upgrade_enabled,
            limit_secp256k1_recovery_id, prevent_calling_precompiles_as_programs,
            syscall_saturated_math,
        },
        hash::{Hasher, HASH_BYTES},
        instruction::{
            AccountMeta, Instruction, InstructionError, ProcessedSiblingInstruction,
            TRANSACTION_LEVEL_STACK_HEIGHT,
        },
        keccak, native_loader,
        precompiles::is_precompile,
        program::MAX_RETURN_DATA,
        program_stubs::is_nonoverlapping,
        pubkey::{Pubkey, PubkeyError, MAX_SEEDS, MAX_SEED_LEN},
        secp256k1_recover::{
            Secp256k1RecoverError, SECP256K1_PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH, SECP256K1_SIGNATURE_LENGTH,
        },
        sysvar::{Sysvar, SysvarId},
        transaction_context::InstructionAccount,
    },
    std::{
        alloc::Layout,
        cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
        mem::{align_of, size_of},
        rc::Rc,
        slice::from_raw_parts_mut,
        str::{from_utf8, Utf8Error},
        sync::Arc,
    },
    thiserror::Error as ThisError,
};

mod cpi;
mod logging;
mod mem_ops;
mod sysvar;

/// Maximum signers
pub const MAX_SIGNERS: usize = 16;

/// Error definitions
#[derive(Debug, ThisError, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum SyscallError {
    #[error("{0}: {1:?}")]
    InvalidString(Utf8Error, Vec<u8>),
    #[error("BPF program panicked")]
    Abort,
    #[error("BPF program Panicked in {0} at {1}:{2}")]
    Panic(String, u64, u64),
    #[error("Cannot borrow invoke context")]
    InvokeContextBorrowFailed,
    #[error("Malformed signer seed: {0}: {1:?}")]
    MalformedSignerSeed(Utf8Error, Vec<u8>),
    #[error("Could not create program address with signer seeds: {0}")]
    BadSeeds(PubkeyError),
    #[error("Program {0} not supported by inner instructions")]
    ProgramNotSupported(Pubkey),
    #[error("{0}")]
    InstructionError(InstructionError),
    #[error("Unaligned pointer")]
    UnalignedPointer,
    #[error("Too many signers")]
    TooManySigners,
    #[error("Instruction passed to inner instruction is too large ({0} > {1})")]
    InstructionTooLarge(usize, usize),
    #[error("Too many accounts passed to inner instruction")]
    TooManyAccounts,
    #[error("Overlapping copy")]
    CopyOverlapping,
    #[error("Return data too large ({0} > {1})")]
    ReturnDataTooLarge(u64, u64),
    #[error("Hashing too many sequences")]
    TooManySlices,
    #[error("InvalidLength")]
    InvalidLength,
    #[error("Invoked an instruction with data that is too large ({data_len} > {max_data_len})")]
    MaxInstructionDataLenExceeded { data_len: u64, max_data_len: u64 },
    #[error("Invoked an instruction with too many accounts ({num_accounts} > {max_accounts})")]
    MaxInstructionAccountsExceeded {
        num_accounts: u64,
        max_accounts: u64,
    },
    #[error("Invoked an instruction with too many account info's ({num_account_infos} > {max_account_infos})")]
    MaxInstructionAccountInfosExceeded {
        num_account_infos: u64,
        max_account_infos: u64,
    },
}
impl From<SyscallError> for EbpfError<BpfError> {
    fn from(error: SyscallError) -> Self {
        EbpfError::UserError(error.into())
    }
}

trait SyscallConsume {
    fn consume(&mut self, amount: u64) -> Result<(), EbpfError<BpfError>>;
}
impl SyscallConsume for Rc<RefCell<ComputeMeter>> {
    fn consume(&mut self, amount: u64) -> Result<(), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
        self.try_borrow_mut()
            .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed)?
            .consume(amount)
            .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError)?;
        Ok(())
    }
}

macro_rules! register_feature_gated_syscall {
    ($syscall_registry:expr, $is_feature_active:expr, $name:expr, $init:expr, $call:expr $(,)?) => {
        if $is_feature_active {
            $syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name($name, $init, $call)
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    };
}

pub fn register_syscalls(
    invoke_context: &mut InvokeContext,
    disable_deploy_of_alloc_free_syscall: bool,
) -> Result<SyscallRegistry, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    let blake3_syscall_enabled = invoke_context
        .feature_set
        .is_active(&blake3_syscall_enabled::id());
    let curve25519_syscall_enabled = invoke_context
        .feature_set
        .is_active(&curve25519_syscall_enabled::id());
    let disable_fees_sysvar = invoke_context
        .feature_set
        .is_active(&disable_fees_sysvar::id());

    let mut syscall_registry = SyscallRegistry::default();

    // Abort
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"abort", SyscallAbort::init, SyscallAbort::call)?;

    // Panic
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_panic_",
        SyscallPanic::init,
        SyscallPanic::call,
    )?;

    // Logging
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(b"sol_log_", SyscallLog::init, SyscallLog::call)?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_log_64_",
        SyscallLogU64::init,
        SyscallLogU64::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_log_compute_units_",
        SyscallLogBpfComputeUnits::init,
        SyscallLogBpfComputeUnits::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_log_pubkey",
        SyscallLogPubkey::init,
        SyscallLogPubkey::call,
    )?;

    // Program defined addresses (PDA)
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_create_program_address",
        SyscallCreateProgramAddress::init,
        SyscallCreateProgramAddress::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_try_find_program_address",
        SyscallTryFindProgramAddress::init,
        SyscallTryFindProgramAddress::call,
    )?;

    // Sha256
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_sha256",
        SyscallSha256::init,
        SyscallSha256::call,
    )?;

    // Keccak256
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_keccak256",
        SyscallKeccak256::init,
        SyscallKeccak256::call,
    )?;

    // Secp256k1 Recover
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_secp256k1_recover",
        SyscallSecp256k1Recover::init,
        SyscallSecp256k1Recover::call,
    )?;

    // Blake3
    register_feature_gated_syscall!(
        syscall_registry,
        blake3_syscall_enabled,
        b"sol_blake3",
        SyscallBlake3::init,
        SyscallBlake3::call,
    )?;

    // Elliptic Curve Point Validation
    //
    // TODO: add group operations and multiscalar multiplications
    register_feature_gated_syscall!(
        syscall_registry,
        curve25519_syscall_enabled,
        b"sol_curve_validate_point",
        SyscallCurvePointValidation::init,
        SyscallCurvePointValidation::call,
    )?;
    register_feature_gated_syscall!(
        syscall_registry,
        curve25519_syscall_enabled,
        b"sol_curve_group_op",
        SyscallCurveGroupOps::init,
        SyscallCurveGroupOps::call,
    )?;

    // Sysvars
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_get_clock_sysvar",
        SyscallGetClockSysvar::init,
        SyscallGetClockSysvar::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_get_epoch_schedule_sysvar",
        SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar::init,
        SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar::call,
    )?;
    register_feature_gated_syscall!(
        syscall_registry,
        !disable_fees_sysvar,
        b"sol_get_fees_sysvar",
        SyscallGetFeesSysvar::init,
        SyscallGetFeesSysvar::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_get_rent_sysvar",
        SyscallGetRentSysvar::init,
        SyscallGetRentSysvar::call,
    )?;

    // Memory ops
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_memcpy_",
        SyscallMemcpy::init,
        SyscallMemcpy::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_memmove_",
        SyscallMemmove::init,
        SyscallMemmove::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_memcmp_",
        SyscallMemcmp::init,
        SyscallMemcmp::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_memset_",
        SyscallMemset::init,
        SyscallMemset::call,
    )?;

    // Cross-program invocation
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_invoke_signed_c",
        SyscallInvokeSignedC::init,
        SyscallInvokeSignedC::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_invoke_signed_rust",
        SyscallInvokeSignedRust::init,
        SyscallInvokeSignedRust::call,
    )?;

    // Memory allocator
    register_feature_gated_syscall!(
        syscall_registry,
        !disable_deploy_of_alloc_free_syscall,
        b"sol_alloc_free_",
        SyscallAllocFree::init,
        SyscallAllocFree::call,
    )?;

    // Return data
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_set_return_data",
        SyscallSetReturnData::init,
        SyscallSetReturnData::call,
    )?;
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_get_return_data",
        SyscallGetReturnData::init,
        SyscallGetReturnData::call,
    )?;

    // Log data
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_log_data",
        SyscallLogData::init,
        SyscallLogData::call,
    )?;

    // Processed sibling instructions
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_get_processed_sibling_instruction",
        SyscallGetProcessedSiblingInstruction::init,
        SyscallGetProcessedSiblingInstruction::call,
    )?;

    // Stack height
    syscall_registry.register_syscall_by_name(
        b"sol_get_stack_height",
        SyscallGetStackHeight::init,
        SyscallGetStackHeight::call,
    )?;

    Ok(syscall_registry)
}

pub fn bind_syscall_context_objects<'a, 'b>(
    vm: &mut EbpfVm<'a, RequisiteVerifier, BpfError, crate::ThisInstructionMeter>,
    invoke_context: &'a mut InvokeContext<'b>,
    heap: AlignedMemory,
    orig_account_lengths: Vec<usize>,
) -> Result<(), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    let check_aligned = bpf_loader_deprecated::id()
        != invoke_context
            .transaction_context
            .get_current_instruction_context()
            .and_then(|instruction_context| {
                instruction_context
                    .try_borrow_last_program_account(invoke_context.transaction_context)
            })
            .map(|program_account| *program_account.get_owner())
            .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError)?;
    let check_size = invoke_context
        .feature_set
        .is_active(&check_slice_translation_size::id());

    invoke_context
        .set_syscall_context(
            check_aligned,
            check_size,
            orig_account_lengths,
            Rc::new(RefCell::new(BpfAllocator::new(heap, ebpf::MM_HEAP_START))),
        )
        .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError)?;

    let invoke_context = Rc::new(RefCell::new(invoke_context));
    vm.bind_syscall_context_objects(invoke_context)?;

    Ok(())
}

fn translate(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    access_type: AccessType,
    vm_addr: u64,
    len: u64,
) -> Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    memory_mapping.map::<BpfError>(access_type, vm_addr, len)
}

fn translate_type_inner<'a, T>(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    access_type: AccessType,
    vm_addr: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
) -> Result<&'a mut T, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    let host_addr = translate(memory_mapping, access_type, vm_addr, size_of::<T>() as u64)?;

    if check_aligned && (host_addr as *mut T as usize).wrapping_rem(align_of::<T>()) != 0 {
        return Err(SyscallError::UnalignedPointer.into());
    }
    Ok(unsafe { &mut *(host_addr as *mut T) })
}
fn translate_type_mut<'a, T>(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    vm_addr: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
) -> Result<&'a mut T, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    translate_type_inner::<T>(memory_mapping, AccessType::Store, vm_addr, check_aligned)
}
fn translate_type<'a, T>(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    vm_addr: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
) -> Result<&'a T, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    translate_type_inner::<T>(memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, vm_addr, check_aligned)
        .map(|value| &*value)
}

fn translate_slice_inner<'a, T>(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    access_type: AccessType,
    vm_addr: u64,
    len: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
    check_size: bool,
) -> Result<&'a mut [T], EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    if len == 0 {
        return Ok(&mut []);
    }

    let total_size = len.saturating_mul(size_of::<T>() as u64);
    if check_size & isize::try_from(total_size).is_err() {
        return Err(SyscallError::InvalidLength.into());
    }

    let host_addr = translate(memory_mapping, access_type, vm_addr, total_size)?;

    if check_aligned && (host_addr as *mut T as usize).wrapping_rem(align_of::<T>()) != 0 {
        return Err(SyscallError::UnalignedPointer.into());
    }
    Ok(unsafe { from_raw_parts_mut(host_addr as *mut T, len as usize) })
}
fn translate_slice_mut<'a, T>(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    vm_addr: u64,
    len: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
    check_size: bool,
) -> Result<&'a mut [T], EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    translate_slice_inner::<T>(
        memory_mapping,
        AccessType::Store,
        vm_addr,
        len,
        check_aligned,
        check_size,
    )
}
fn translate_slice<'a, T>(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    vm_addr: u64,
    len: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
    check_size: bool,
) -> Result<&'a [T], EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    translate_slice_inner::<T>(
        memory_mapping,
        AccessType::Load,
        vm_addr,
        len,
        check_aligned,
        check_size,
    )
    .map(|value| &*value)
}

/// Take a virtual pointer to a string (points to BPF VM memory space), translate it
/// pass it to a user-defined work function
fn translate_string_and_do(
    memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
    addr: u64,
    len: u64,
    check_aligned: bool,
    check_size: bool,
    work: &mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
) -> Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    let buf = translate_slice::<u8>(memory_mapping, addr, len, check_aligned, check_size)?;
    let i = match buf.iter().position(|byte| *byte == 0) {
        Some(i) => i,
        None => len as usize,
    };
    let msg = buf.get(..i).ok_or(SyscallError::InvalidLength)?;
    match from_utf8(msg) {
        Ok(message) => work(message),
        Err(err) => Err(SyscallError::InvalidString(err, msg.to_vec()).into()),
    }
}

type SyscallContext<'a, 'b> = Rc<RefCell<&'a mut InvokeContext<'b>>>;

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! declare_syscall {
    ($(#[$attr:meta])* $name:ident, $call:item) => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        pub struct $name<'a, 'b> {
            pub(crate) invoke_context: SyscallContext<'a, 'b>,
        }
        impl<'a, 'b> $name<'a, 'b> {
            pub fn init(
                invoke_context: SyscallContext<'a, 'b>,
            ) -> Box<(dyn SyscallObject<BpfError> + 'a)> {
                Box::new(Self { invoke_context })
            }
        }
        impl<'a, 'b> SyscallObject<BpfError> for $name<'a, 'b> {
            $call
        }
    };
}

declare_syscall!(
    /// Abort syscall functions, called when the BPF program calls `abort()`
    /// LLVM will insert calls to `abort()` if it detects an untenable situation,
    /// `abort()` is not intended to be called explicitly by the program.
    /// Causes the BPF program to be halted immediately
    SyscallAbort,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        _arg1: u64,
        _arg2: u64,
        _arg3: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        _memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let _ = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        *result = Err(SyscallError::Abort.into());
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Panic syscall function, called when the BPF program calls 'sol_panic_()`
    /// Causes the BPF program to be halted immediately
    SyscallPanic,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        file: u64,
        len: u64,
        line: u64,
        column: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(len), result);

        *result = translate_string_and_do(
            memory_mapping,
            file,
            len,
            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
            invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            &mut |string: &str| Err(SyscallError::Panic(string.to_string(), line, column).into()),
        );
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Dynamic memory allocation syscall called when the BPF program calls
    /// `sol_alloc_free_()`.  The allocator is expected to allocate/free
    /// from/to a given chunk of memory and enforce size restrictions.  The
    /// memory chunk is given to the allocator during allocator creation and
    /// information about that memory (start address and size) is passed
    /// to the VM to use for enforcement.
    SyscallAllocFree,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        size: u64,
        free_addr: u64,
        _arg3: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        _memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let allocator = question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_allocator()
                .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError),
            result
        );
        let mut allocator = question_mark!(
            allocator
                .try_borrow_mut()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );

        let align = if invoke_context.get_check_aligned() {
            BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128
        } else {
            align_of::<u8>()
        };
        let layout = match Layout::from_size_align(size as usize, align) {
            Ok(layout) => layout,
            Err(_) => {
                *result = Ok(0);
                return;
            }
        };
        *result = if free_addr == 0 {
            match allocator.alloc(layout) {
                Ok(addr) => Ok(addr as u64),
                Err(_) => Ok(0),
            }
        } else {
            allocator.dealloc(free_addr, layout);
            Ok(0)
        };
    }
);

fn translate_and_check_program_address_inputs<'a>(
    seeds_addr: u64,
    seeds_len: u64,
    program_id_addr: u64,
    memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
    check_aligned: bool,
    check_size: bool,
) -> Result<(Vec<&'a [u8]>, &'a Pubkey), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
    let untranslated_seeds = translate_slice::<&[&u8]>(
        memory_mapping,
        seeds_addr,
        seeds_len,
        check_aligned,
        check_size,
    )?;
    if untranslated_seeds.len() > MAX_SEEDS {
        return Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into());
    }
    let seeds = untranslated_seeds
        .iter()
        .map(|untranslated_seed| {
            if untranslated_seed.len() > MAX_SEED_LEN {
                return Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into());
            }
            translate_slice::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                untranslated_seed.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
                untranslated_seed.len() as u64,
                check_aligned,
                check_size,
            )
        })
        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, EbpfError<BpfError>>>()?;
    let program_id = translate_type::<Pubkey>(memory_mapping, program_id_addr, check_aligned)?;
    Ok((seeds, program_id))
}

declare_syscall!(
    /// Create a program address
    SyscallCreateProgramAddress,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        seeds_addr: u64,
        seeds_len: u64,
        program_id_addr: u64,
        address_addr: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let cost = invoke_context
            .get_compute_budget()
            .create_program_address_units;
        question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

        let (seeds, program_id) = question_mark!(
            translate_and_check_program_address_inputs(
                seeds_addr,
                seeds_len,
                program_id_addr,
                memory_mapping,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size()
            ),
            result
        );

        let new_address = match Pubkey::create_program_address(&seeds, program_id) {
            Ok(address) => address,
            Err(_) => {
                *result = Ok(1);
                return;
            }
        };
        let address = question_mark!(
            translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                address_addr,
                32,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );
        address.copy_from_slice(new_address.as_ref());
        *result = Ok(0);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Create a program address
    SyscallTryFindProgramAddress,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        seeds_addr: u64,
        seeds_len: u64,
        program_id_addr: u64,
        address_addr: u64,
        bump_seed_addr: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let cost = invoke_context
            .get_compute_budget()
            .create_program_address_units;
        question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

        let (seeds, program_id) = question_mark!(
            translate_and_check_program_address_inputs(
                seeds_addr,
                seeds_len,
                program_id_addr,
                memory_mapping,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size()
            ),
            result
        );

        let mut bump_seed = [std::u8::MAX];
        for _ in 0..std::u8::MAX {
            {
                let mut seeds_with_bump = seeds.to_vec();
                seeds_with_bump.push(&bump_seed);

                if let Ok(new_address) =
                    Pubkey::create_program_address(&seeds_with_bump, program_id)
                {
                    let bump_seed_ref = question_mark!(
                        translate_type_mut::<u8>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            bump_seed_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned()
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let address = question_mark!(
                        translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            address_addr,
                            32,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    *bump_seed_ref = bump_seed[0];
                    address.copy_from_slice(new_address.as_ref());
                    *result = Ok(0);
                    return;
                }
            }
            bump_seed[0] = bump_seed[0].saturating_sub(1);
            question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);
        }
        *result = Ok(1);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// SHA256
    SyscallSha256,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        vals_addr: u64,
        vals_len: u64,
        result_addr: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let compute_budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();
        if compute_budget.sha256_max_slices < vals_len {
            ic_msg!(
                invoke_context,
                "Sha256 hashing {} sequences in one syscall is over the limit {}",
                vals_len,
                compute_budget.sha256_max_slices,
            );
            *result = Err(SyscallError::TooManySlices.into());
            return;
        }
        question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .consume(compute_budget.sha256_base_cost),
            result
        );

        let hash_result = question_mark!(
            translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                result_addr,
                HASH_BYTES as u64,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );
        let mut hasher = Hasher::default();
        if vals_len > 0 {
            let vals = question_mark!(
                translate_slice::<&[u8]>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    vals_addr,
                    vals_len,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                    invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                ),
                result
            );
            for val in vals.iter() {
                let bytes = question_mark!(
                    translate_slice::<u8>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        val.as_ptr() as u64,
                        val.len() as u64,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                    ),
                    result
                );
                let cost = compute_budget.mem_op_base_cost.max(
                    compute_budget
                        .sha256_byte_cost
                        .saturating_mul((val.len() as u64).saturating_div(2)),
                );
                question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);
                hasher.hash(bytes);
            }
        }
        hash_result.copy_from_slice(&hasher.result().to_bytes());
        *result = Ok(0);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    // Keccak256
    SyscallKeccak256,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        vals_addr: u64,
        vals_len: u64,
        result_addr: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let compute_budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();
        if compute_budget.sha256_max_slices < vals_len {
            ic_msg!(
                invoke_context,
                "Keccak256 hashing {} sequences in one syscall is over the limit {}",
                vals_len,
                compute_budget.sha256_max_slices,
            );
            *result = Err(SyscallError::TooManySlices.into());
            return;
        }
        question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .consume(compute_budget.sha256_base_cost),
            result
        );

        let hash_result = question_mark!(
            translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                result_addr,
                keccak::HASH_BYTES as u64,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );
        let mut hasher = keccak::Hasher::default();
        if vals_len > 0 {
            let vals = question_mark!(
                translate_slice::<&[u8]>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    vals_addr,
                    vals_len,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                    invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                ),
                result
            );
            for val in vals.iter() {
                let bytes = question_mark!(
                    translate_slice::<u8>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        val.as_ptr() as u64,
                        val.len() as u64,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                    ),
                    result
                );
                let cost = compute_budget.mem_op_base_cost.max(
                    compute_budget
                        .sha256_byte_cost
                        .saturating_mul((val.len() as u64).saturating_div(2)),
                );
                question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);
                hasher.hash(bytes);
            }
        }
        hash_result.copy_from_slice(&hasher.result().to_bytes());
        *result = Ok(0);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// secp256k1_recover
    SyscallSecp256k1Recover,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        hash_addr: u64,
        recovery_id_val: u64,
        signature_addr: u64,
        result_addr: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let cost = invoke_context.get_compute_budget().secp256k1_recover_cost;
        question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

        let hash = question_mark!(
            translate_slice::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                hash_addr,
                keccak::HASH_BYTES as u64,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );
        let signature = question_mark!(
            translate_slice::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                signature_addr,
                SECP256K1_SIGNATURE_LENGTH as u64,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );
        let secp256k1_recover_result = question_mark!(
            translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                result_addr,
                SECP256K1_PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH as u64,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );

        let message = match libsecp256k1::Message::parse_slice(hash) {
            Ok(msg) => msg,
            Err(_) => {
                *result = Ok(Secp256k1RecoverError::InvalidHash.into());
                return;
            }
        };
        let adjusted_recover_id_val = if invoke_context
            .feature_set
            .is_active(&limit_secp256k1_recovery_id::id())
        {
            match recovery_id_val.try_into() {
                Ok(adjusted_recover_id_val) => adjusted_recover_id_val,
                Err(_) => {
                    *result = Ok(Secp256k1RecoverError::InvalidRecoveryId.into());
                    return;
                }
            }
        } else {
            recovery_id_val as u8
        };
        let recovery_id = match libsecp256k1::RecoveryId::parse(adjusted_recover_id_val) {
            Ok(id) => id,
            Err(_) => {
                *result = Ok(Secp256k1RecoverError::InvalidRecoveryId.into());

                return;
            }
        };
        let sig_parse_result = if invoke_context
            .feature_set
            .is_active(&libsecp256k1_0_5_upgrade_enabled::id())
        {
            libsecp256k1::Signature::parse_standard_slice(signature)
        } else {
            libsecp256k1::Signature::parse_overflowing_slice(signature)
        };

        let signature = match sig_parse_result {
            Ok(sig) => sig,
            Err(_) => {
                *result = Ok(Secp256k1RecoverError::InvalidSignature.into());
                return;
            }
        };

        let public_key = match libsecp256k1::recover(&message, &signature, &recovery_id) {
            Ok(key) => key.serialize(),
            Err(_) => {
                *result = Ok(Secp256k1RecoverError::InvalidSignature.into());
                return;
            }
        };

        secp256k1_recover_result.copy_from_slice(&public_key[1..65]);
        *result = Ok(SUCCESS);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    // Elliptic Curve Point Validation
    //
    // Currently, only curve25519 Edwards and Ristretto representations are supported
    SyscallCurvePointValidation,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        curve_id: u64,
        point_addr: u64,
        _arg3: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        use safe_zk_token_sdk::curve25519::{curve_syscall_traits::*, edwards, ristretto};

        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );

        match curve_id {
            CURVE25519_EDWARDS => {
                let cost = invoke_context
                    .get_compute_budget()
                    .curve25519_edwards_validate_point_cost;
                question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                let point = question_mark!(
                    translate_type::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        point_addr,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned()
                    ),
                    result
                );

                if edwards::validate_edwards(point) {
                    *result = Ok(0);
                } else {
                    *result = Ok(1);
                }
            }
            CURVE25519_RISTRETTO => {
                let cost = invoke_context
                    .get_compute_budget()
                    .curve25519_ristretto_validate_point_cost;
                question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                let point = question_mark!(
                    translate_type::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        point_addr,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned()
                    ),
                    result
                );

                if ristretto::validate_ristretto(point) {
                    *result = Ok(0);
                } else {
                    *result = Ok(1);
                }
            }
            _ => {
                *result = Ok(1);
            }
        };
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    // Elliptic Curve Group Operations
    //
    // Currently, only curve25519 Edwards and Ristretto representations are supported
    SyscallCurveGroupOps,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        curve_id: u64,
        group_op: u64,
        left_input_addr: u64,
        right_input_addr: u64,
        result_point_addr: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        use safe_zk_token_sdk::curve25519::{
            curve_syscall_traits::*, edwards, ristretto, scalar,
        };

        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );

        match curve_id {
            CURVE25519_EDWARDS => match group_op {
                ADD => {
                    let cost = invoke_context
                        .get_compute_budget()
                        .curve25519_edwards_add_cost;
                    question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                    let left_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            left_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let right_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            right_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );

                    if let Some(result_point) = edwards::add_edwards(left_point, right_point) {
                        *question_mark!(
                            translate_type_mut::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                                memory_mapping,
                                result_point_addr,
                                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            ),
                            result
                        ) = result_point;
                        *result = Ok(0);
                    }
                }
                SUB => {
                    let cost = invoke_context
                        .get_compute_budget()
                        .curve25519_edwards_subtract_cost;
                    question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                    let left_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            left_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let right_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            right_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );

                    if let Some(result_point) = edwards::subtract_edwards(left_point, right_point) {
                        *question_mark!(
                            translate_type_mut::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                                memory_mapping,
                                result_point_addr,
                                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            ),
                            result
                        ) = result_point;
                        *result = Ok(0);
                    }
                }
                MUL => {
                    let cost = invoke_context
                        .get_compute_budget()
                        .curve25519_edwards_multiply_cost;
                    question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                    let scalar = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<scalar::PodScalar>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            left_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let input_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            right_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );

                    if let Some(result_point) = edwards::multiply_edwards(scalar, input_point) {
                        *question_mark!(
                            translate_type_mut::<edwards::PodEdwardsPoint>(
                                memory_mapping,
                                result_point_addr,
                                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            ),
                            result
                        ) = result_point;
                        *result = Ok(0);
                    }
                }
                _ => {
                    *result = Ok(1);
                }
            },

            CURVE25519_RISTRETTO => match group_op {
                ADD => {
                    let cost = invoke_context
                        .get_compute_budget()
                        .curve25519_ristretto_add_cost;
                    question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                    let left_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            left_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let right_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            right_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );

                    if let Some(result_point) = ristretto::add_ristretto(left_point, right_point) {
                        *question_mark!(
                            translate_type_mut::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                                memory_mapping,
                                result_point_addr,
                                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            ),
                            result
                        ) = result_point;
                        *result = Ok(0);
                    }
                }
                SUB => {
                    let cost = invoke_context
                        .get_compute_budget()
                        .curve25519_ristretto_subtract_cost;
                    question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                    let left_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            left_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let right_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            right_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );

                    if let Some(result_point) =
                        ristretto::subtract_ristretto(left_point, right_point)
                    {
                        *question_mark!(
                            translate_type_mut::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                                memory_mapping,
                                result_point_addr,
                                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            ),
                            result
                        ) = result_point;
                        *result = Ok(0);
                    }
                }
                MUL => {
                    let cost = invoke_context
                        .get_compute_budget()
                        .curve25519_ristretto_multiply_cost;
                    question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

                    let scalar = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<scalar::PodScalar>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            left_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );
                    let input_point = question_mark!(
                        translate_type::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                            memory_mapping,
                            right_input_addr,
                            invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        ),
                        result
                    );

                    if let Some(result_point) = ristretto::multiply_ristretto(scalar, input_point) {
                        *question_mark!(
                            translate_type_mut::<ristretto::PodRistrettoPoint>(
                                memory_mapping,
                                result_point_addr,
                                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                            ),
                            result
                        ) = result_point;
                        *result = Ok(0);
                    }
                }
                _ => {
                    *result = Ok(1);
                }
            },

            _ => {
                *result = Ok(1);
            }
        }
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    // Blake3
    SyscallBlake3,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        vals_addr: u64,
        vals_len: u64,
        result_addr: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let compute_budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();
        if compute_budget.sha256_max_slices < vals_len {
            ic_msg!(
                invoke_context,
                "Blake3 hashing {} sequences in one syscall is over the limit {}",
                vals_len,
                compute_budget.sha256_max_slices,
            );
            *result = Err(SyscallError::TooManySlices.into());
            return;
        }
        question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .consume(compute_budget.sha256_base_cost),
            result
        );

        let hash_result = question_mark!(
            translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                memory_mapping,
                result_addr,
                blake3::HASH_BYTES as u64,
                invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                invoke_context.get_check_size(),
            ),
            result
        );
        let mut hasher = blake3::Hasher::default();
        if vals_len > 0 {
            let vals = question_mark!(
                translate_slice::<&[u8]>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    vals_addr,
                    vals_len,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                    invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                ),
                result
            );
            for val in vals.iter() {
                let bytes = question_mark!(
                    translate_slice::<u8>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        val.as_ptr() as u64,
                        val.len() as u64,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                    ),
                    result
                );
                let cost = compute_budget.mem_op_base_cost.max(
                    compute_budget
                        .sha256_byte_cost
                        .saturating_mul((val.len() as u64).saturating_div(2)),
                );
                question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);
                hasher.hash(bytes);
            }
        }
        hash_result.copy_from_slice(&hasher.result().to_bytes());
        *result = Ok(0);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Set return data
    SyscallSetReturnData,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        addr: u64,
        len: u64,
        _arg3: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let mut invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow_mut()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();

        let cost = if invoke_context
            .feature_set
            .is_active(&syscall_saturated_math::id())
        {
            len.saturating_div(budget.cpi_bytes_per_unit)
                .saturating_add(budget.syscall_base_cost)
        } else {
            #[allow(clippy::integer_arithmetic)]
            {
                len / budget.cpi_bytes_per_unit + budget.syscall_base_cost
            }
        };
        question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

        if len > MAX_RETURN_DATA as u64 {
            *result = Err(SyscallError::ReturnDataTooLarge(len, MAX_RETURN_DATA as u64).into());
            return;
        }

        let return_data = if len == 0 {
            Vec::new()
        } else {
            question_mark!(
                translate_slice::<u8>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    addr,
                    len,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                    invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                ),
                result
            )
            .to_vec()
        };
        let transaction_context = &mut invoke_context.transaction_context;
        let program_id = *question_mark!(
            transaction_context
                .get_current_instruction_context()
                .and_then(|instruction_context| instruction_context
                    .get_last_program_key(transaction_context))
                .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError),
            result
        );
        question_mark!(
            transaction_context
                .set_return_data(program_id, return_data)
                .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError),
            result
        );

        *result = Ok(0);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Get return data
    SyscallGetReturnData,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        return_data_addr: u64,
        mut length: u64,
        program_id_addr: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();

        question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .consume(budget.syscall_base_cost),
            result
        );

        let (program_id, return_data) = invoke_context.transaction_context.get_return_data();
        length = length.min(return_data.len() as u64);
        if length != 0 {
            let cost = if invoke_context
                .feature_set
                .is_active(&syscall_saturated_math::id())
            {
                length
                    .saturating_add(size_of::<Pubkey>() as u64)
                    .saturating_div(budget.cpi_bytes_per_unit)
            } else {
                #[allow(clippy::integer_arithmetic)]
                {
                    (length + size_of::<Pubkey>() as u64) / budget.cpi_bytes_per_unit
                }
            };
            question_mark!(invoke_context.get_compute_meter().consume(cost), result);

            let return_data_result = question_mark!(
                translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    return_data_addr,
                    length,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                    invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                ),
                result
            );

            let to_slice = return_data_result;
            let from_slice = question_mark!(
                return_data
                    .get(..length as usize)
                    .ok_or(SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
                result
            );
            if to_slice.len() != from_slice.len() {
                *result = Err(SyscallError::InvalidLength.into());
                return;
            }
            to_slice.copy_from_slice(from_slice);

            let program_id_result = question_mark!(
                translate_type_mut::<Pubkey>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    program_id_addr,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned()
                ),
                result
            );

            *program_id_result = *program_id;
        }

        // Return the actual length, rather the length returned
        *result = Ok(return_data.len() as u64);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Get a processed sigling instruction
    SyscallGetProcessedSiblingInstruction,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        index: u64,
        meta_addr: u64,
        program_id_addr: u64,
        data_addr: u64,
        accounts_addr: u64,
        memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );
        let budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();
        question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .consume(budget.syscall_base_cost),
            result
        );

        let stack_height = invoke_context.get_stack_height();
        let instruction_trace = invoke_context.transaction_context.get_instruction_trace();
        let instruction_context = if stack_height == TRANSACTION_LEVEL_STACK_HEIGHT {
            // pick one of the top-level instructions
            instruction_trace
                .len()
                .checked_sub(2)
                .and_then(|result| result.checked_sub(index as usize))
                .and_then(|index| instruction_trace.get(index))
                .and_then(|instruction_list| instruction_list.first())
        } else {
            // Walk the last list of inner instructions
            instruction_trace.last().and_then(|inners| {
                let mut current_index = 0;
                inners.iter().rev().skip(1).find(|instruction_context| {
                    if stack_height == instruction_context.get_stack_height() {
                        if index == current_index {
                            return true;
                        } else {
                            current_index = current_index.saturating_add(1);
                        }
                    }
                    false
                })
            })
        };

        if let Some(instruction_context) = instruction_context {
            let ProcessedSiblingInstruction {
                data_len,
                accounts_len,
            } = question_mark!(
                translate_type_mut::<ProcessedSiblingInstruction>(
                    memory_mapping,
                    meta_addr,
                    invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                ),
                result
            );

            if *data_len == (instruction_context.get_instruction_data().len() as u64)
                && *accounts_len
                    == (instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts() as u64)
            {
                let program_id = question_mark!(
                    translate_type_mut::<Pubkey>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        program_id_addr,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned()
                    ),
                    result
                );
                let data = question_mark!(
                    translate_slice_mut::<u8>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        data_addr,
                        *data_len as u64,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                    ),
                    result
                );
                let accounts = question_mark!(
                    translate_slice_mut::<AccountMeta>(
                        memory_mapping,
                        accounts_addr,
                        *accounts_len as u64,
                        invoke_context.get_check_aligned(),
                        invoke_context.get_check_size(),
                    ),
                    result
                );

                *program_id = *question_mark!(
                    instruction_context
                        .get_last_program_key(invoke_context.transaction_context)
                        .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError),
                    result
                );
                data.clone_from_slice(instruction_context.get_instruction_data());
                let account_metas = question_mark!(
                    (0..instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts())
                        .map(|instruction_account_index| Ok(AccountMeta {
                            pubkey: *invoke_context.get_key_of_account_at_index(
                                instruction_context
                                    .get_index_of_instruction_account_in_transaction(
                                        instruction_account_index
                                    )?
                            )?,
                            is_signer: instruction_context
                                .is_instruction_account_signer(instruction_account_index)?,
                            is_writable: instruction_context
                                .is_instruction_account_writable(instruction_account_index)?,
                        }))
                        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, InstructionError>>()
                        .map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError),
                    result
                );
                accounts.clone_from_slice(account_metas.as_slice());
            }
            *data_len = instruction_context.get_instruction_data().len() as u64;
            *accounts_len = instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts() as u64;
            *result = Ok(true as u64);
            return;
        }
        *result = Ok(false as u64);
    }
);

declare_syscall!(
    /// Get current call stack height
    SyscallGetStackHeight,
    fn call(
        &mut self,
        _arg1: u64,
        _arg2: u64,
        _arg3: u64,
        _arg4: u64,
        _arg5: u64,
        _memory_mapping: &mut MemoryMapping,
        result: &mut Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>>,
    ) {
        let invoke_context = question_mark!(
            self.invoke_context
                .try_borrow()
                .map_err(|_| SyscallError::InvokeContextBorrowFailed),
            result
        );

        let budget = invoke_context.get_compute_budget();
        question_mark!(
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .consume(budget.syscall_base_cost),
            result
        );

        *result = Ok(invoke_context.get_stack_height() as u64);
    }
);

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    use safecoin_sdk::sysvar::fees::Fees;
    use {
        super::*,
        safecoin_program_runtime::{invoke_context::InvokeContext, sysvar_cache::SysvarCache},
        solana_rbpf::{
            ebpf::HOST_ALIGN, memory_region::MemoryRegion, user_error::UserError, vm::Config,
        },
        safecoin_sdk::{
            account::AccountSharedData,
            bpf_loader,
            fee_calculator::FeeCalculator,
            hash::hashv,
            program::check_type_assumptions,
            sysvar::{clock::Clock, epoch_schedule::EpochSchedule, rent::Rent},
            transaction_context::TransactionContext,
        },
        std::{borrow::Cow, str::FromStr},
    };

    macro_rules! assert_access_violation {
        ($result:expr, $va:expr, $len:expr) => {
            match $result {
                Err(EbpfError::AccessViolation(_, _, va, len, _)) if $va == va && $len == len => (),
                Err(EbpfError::StackAccessViolation(_, _, va, len, _))
                    if $va == va && $len == len => {}
                _ => panic!(),
            }
        };
    }

    macro_rules! prepare_mockup {
        ($invoke_context:ident,
         $transaction_context:ident,
         $program_key:ident,
         $loader_key:expr $(,)?) => {
            let $program_key = Pubkey::new_unique();
            let transaction_accounts = vec![
                (
                    $loader_key,
                    AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &native_loader::id()),
                ),
                ($program_key, AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &$loader_key)),
            ];
            let mut $transaction_context =
                TransactionContext::new(transaction_accounts, Some(Rent::default()), 1, 1);
            let mut $invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&mut $transaction_context, &[]);
            $invoke_context.push(&[], &[0, 1], &[]).unwrap();
        };
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    struct MockSlice {
        pub vm_addr: u64,
        pub len: usize,
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_translate() {
        const START: u64 = 0x100000000;
        const LENGTH: u64 = 1000;
        let data = vec![0u8; LENGTH as usize];
        let addr = data.as_ptr() as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion::new_readonly(&data, START),
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();

        let cases = vec![
            (true, START, 0, addr),
            (true, START, 1, addr),
            (true, START, LENGTH, addr),
            (true, START + 1, LENGTH - 1, addr + 1),
            (false, START + 1, LENGTH, 0),
            (true, START + LENGTH - 1, 1, addr + LENGTH - 1),
            (true, START + LENGTH, 0, addr + LENGTH),
            (false, START + LENGTH, 1, 0),
            (false, START, LENGTH + 1, 0),
            (false, 0, 0, 0),
            (false, 0, 1, 0),
            (false, START - 1, 0, 0),
            (false, START - 1, 1, 0),
            (true, START + LENGTH / 2, LENGTH / 2, addr + LENGTH / 2),
        ];
        for (ok, start, length, value) in cases {
            if ok {
                assert_eq!(
                    translate(&memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, start, length).unwrap(),
                    value
                )
            } else {
                assert!(translate(&memory_mapping, AccessType::Load, start, length).is_err())
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_translate_type() {
        // Pubkey
        let pubkey = safecoin_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let addr = &pubkey as *const _ as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: std::mem::size_of::<Pubkey>() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let translated_pubkey =
            translate_type::<Pubkey>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, true).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(pubkey, *translated_pubkey);

        // Instruction
        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bincode(
            safecoin_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
            &"foobar",
            vec![AccountMeta::new(safecoin_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(), false)],
        );
        let addr = &instruction as *const _ as u64;
        let mut memory_region = MemoryRegion {
            host_addr: addr,
            vm_addr: 0x100000000,
            len: std::mem::size_of::<Instruction>() as u64,
            vm_gap_shift: 63,
            is_writable: false,
        };
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![MemoryRegion::default(), memory_region.clone()],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let translated_instruction =
            translate_type::<Instruction>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, true).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(instruction, *translated_instruction);
        memory_region.len = 1;
        memory_mapping
            .replace_region::<BpfError>(1, memory_region)
            .unwrap();
        assert!(translate_type::<Instruction>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, true).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_translate_slice() {
        // zero len
        let good_data = vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5];
        let data: Vec<u8> = vec![];
        assert_eq!(0x1 as *const u8, data.as_ptr());
        let addr = good_data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: good_data.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let translated_data =
            translate_slice::<u8>(&memory_mapping, data.as_ptr() as u64, 0, true, true).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
        assert_eq!(0, translated_data.len());

        // u8
        let mut data = vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5];
        let addr = data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: data.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let translated_data =
            translate_slice::<u8>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, data.len() as u64, true, true)
                .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
        *data.first_mut().unwrap() = 10;
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
        assert!(
            translate_slice::<u8>(&memory_mapping, data.as_ptr() as u64, u64::MAX, true, true)
                .is_err()
        );

        assert!(translate_slice::<u8>(
            &memory_mapping,
            0x100000000 - 1,
            data.len() as u64,
            true,
            true
        )
        .is_err());

        // u64
        let mut data = vec![1u64, 2, 3, 4, 5];
        let addr = data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: (data.len() * size_of::<u64>()) as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let translated_data =
            translate_slice::<u64>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, data.len() as u64, true, true)
                .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
        *data.first_mut().unwrap() = 10;
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
        assert!(
            translate_slice::<u64>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, u64::MAX, true, true).is_err()
        );

        // Pubkeys
        let mut data = vec![safecoin_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(); 5];
        let addr = data.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: (data.len() * std::mem::size_of::<Pubkey>()) as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let translated_data =
            translate_slice::<Pubkey>(&memory_mapping, 0x100000000, data.len() as u64, true, true)
                .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
        *data.first_mut().unwrap() = safecoin_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(); // Both should point to same place
        assert_eq!(data, translated_data);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_translate_string_and_do() {
        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: string.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            42,
            translate_string_and_do(
                &memory_mapping,
                0x100000000,
                string.len() as u64,
                true,
                true,
                &mut |string: &str| {
                    assert_eq!(string, "Gaggablaghblagh!");
                    Ok(42)
                }
            )
            .unwrap()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "UserError(SyscallError(Abort))")]
    fn test_syscall_abort() {
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let config = Config::default();
        let mut memory_mapping =
            MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(vec![MemoryRegion::default()], &config).unwrap();
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        SyscallAbort::call(
            &mut SyscallAbort {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            },
            0,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        result.unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "UserError(SyscallError(Panic(\"Gaggablaghblagh!\", 42, 84)))")]
    fn test_syscall_sol_panic() {
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let mut syscall_panic = SyscallPanic {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
        };

        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: string.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();

        syscall_panic
            .invoke_context
            .borrow_mut()
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(string.len() as u64 - 1);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_panic.call(
            0x100000000,
            string.len() as u64,
            42,
            84,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_eq!(
            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
            ))),
            result
        );

        syscall_panic
            .invoke_context
            .borrow_mut()
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(string.len() as u64);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_panic.call(
            0x100000000,
            string.len() as u64,
            42,
            84,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        result.unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_syscall_sol_log() {
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let mut syscall_sol_log = SyscallLog {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
        };

        let string = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
        let addr = string.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: string.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();

        syscall_sol_log
            .invoke_context
            .borrow_mut()
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(400 - 1);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_log.call(
            0x100000001, // AccessViolation
            string.len() as u64,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_access_violation!(result, 0x100000001, string.len() as u64);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_log.call(
            0x100000000,
            string.len() as u64 * 2, // AccessViolation
            0,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_access_violation!(result, 0x100000000, string.len() as u64 * 2);

        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_log.call(
            0x100000000,
            string.len() as u64,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        result.unwrap();
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_log.call(
            0x100000000,
            string.len() as u64,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_eq!(
            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
            ))),
            result
        );

        assert_eq!(
            syscall_sol_log
                .invoke_context
                .borrow()
                .get_log_collector()
                .unwrap()
                .borrow()
                .get_recorded_content(),
            &["Program log: Gaggablaghblagh!".to_string()]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_syscall_sol_log_u64() {
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let cost = invoke_context.get_compute_budget().log_64_units;
        let mut syscall_sol_log_u64 = SyscallLogU64 {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
        };

        syscall_sol_log_u64
            .invoke_context
            .borrow_mut()
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost);
        let config = Config::default();
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(vec![], &config).unwrap();
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_log_u64.call(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
        result.unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            syscall_sol_log_u64
                .invoke_context
                .borrow()
                .get_log_collector()
                .unwrap()
                .borrow()
                .get_recorded_content(),
            &["Program log: 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5".to_string()]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_syscall_sol_pubkey() {
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let cost = invoke_context.get_compute_budget().log_pubkey_units;
        let mut syscall_sol_pubkey = SyscallLogPubkey {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
        };

        let pubkey = Pubkey::from_str("BNwVU7MhnDnGEQGAqpJ1dGKVtaYw4SvxbTvoACcdENd2").unwrap();
        let addr = pubkey.as_ref().first().unwrap() as *const _ as u64;
        let config = Config::default();
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: addr,
                    vm_addr: 0x100000000,
                    len: 32,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();

        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(
            0x100000001, // AccessViolation
            32,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_access_violation!(result, 0x100000001, 32);

        syscall_sol_pubkey
            .invoke_context
            .borrow_mut()
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(1);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(100, 32, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
        assert_eq!(
            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
            ))),
            result
        );

        syscall_sol_pubkey
            .invoke_context
            .borrow_mut()
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall_sol_pubkey.call(0x100000000, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
        result.unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            syscall_sol_pubkey
                .invoke_context
                .borrow()
                .get_log_collector()
                .unwrap()
                .borrow()
                .get_recorded_content(),
            &["Program log: BNwVU7MhnDnGEQGAqpJ1dGKVtaYw4SvxbTvoACcdENd2".to_string()]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_syscall_sol_alloc_free() {
        let config = Config::default();

        // large alloc
        {
            prepare_mockup!(
                invoke_context,
                transaction_context,
                program_id,
                bpf_loader::id(),
            );
            let mut heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion::new_readonly(&[], ebpf::MM_PROGRAM_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable_gapped(&mut [], ebpf::MM_STACK_START, 4096),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(heap.as_slice_mut(), ebpf::MM_HEAP_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(&mut [], ebpf::MM_INPUT_START),
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            invoke_context
                .set_syscall_context(
                    true,
                    true,
                    vec![],
                    Rc::new(RefCell::new(BpfAllocator::new(heap, ebpf::MM_HEAP_START))),
                )
                .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };
            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(u64::MAX, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
        }

        // many small unaligned allocs
        {
            prepare_mockup!(
                invoke_context,
                transaction_context,
                program_id,
                bpf_loader::id(),
            );
            let mut heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion::new_readonly(&[], ebpf::MM_PROGRAM_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable_gapped(&mut [], ebpf::MM_STACK_START, 4096),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(heap.as_slice_mut(), ebpf::MM_HEAP_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(&mut [], ebpf::MM_INPUT_START),
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            invoke_context
                .set_syscall_context(
                    false,
                    true,
                    vec![],
                    Rc::new(RefCell::new(BpfAllocator::new(heap, ebpf::MM_HEAP_START))),
                )
                .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };
            for _ in 0..100 {
                let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
                syscall.call(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
                assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
            }
            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
        }

        // many small aligned allocs
        {
            prepare_mockup!(
                invoke_context,
                transaction_context,
                program_id,
                bpf_loader::id(),
            );
            let mut heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion::new_readonly(&[], ebpf::MM_PROGRAM_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable_gapped(&mut [], ebpf::MM_STACK_START, 4096),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(heap.as_slice_mut(), ebpf::MM_HEAP_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(&mut [], ebpf::MM_INPUT_START),
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            invoke_context
                .set_syscall_context(
                    true,
                    true,
                    vec![],
                    Rc::new(RefCell::new(BpfAllocator::new(heap, ebpf::MM_HEAP_START))),
                )
                .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };
            for _ in 0..12 {
                let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
                syscall.call(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
                assert_ne!(result.unwrap(), 0);
            }
            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(100, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), 0);
        }

        // aligned allocs

        fn aligned<T>() {
            prepare_mockup!(
                invoke_context,
                transaction_context,
                program_id,
                bpf_loader::id(),
            );
            let mut heap = AlignedMemory::new_with_size(100, HOST_ALIGN);
            let config = Config::default();
            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion::new_readonly(&[], ebpf::MM_PROGRAM_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable_gapped(&mut [], ebpf::MM_STACK_START, 4096),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(heap.as_slice_mut(), ebpf::MM_HEAP_START),
                    MemoryRegion::new_writable(&mut [], ebpf::MM_INPUT_START),
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            invoke_context
                .set_syscall_context(
                    true,
                    true,
                    vec![],
                    Rc::new(RefCell::new(BpfAllocator::new(heap, ebpf::MM_HEAP_START))),
                )
                .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallAllocFree {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };
            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(
                size_of::<T>() as u64,
                0,
                0,
                0,
                0,
                &mut memory_mapping,
                &mut result,
            );
            let address = result.unwrap();
            assert_ne!(address, 0);
            assert_eq!(
                (address as *const u8 as usize).wrapping_rem(align_of::<T>()),
                0
            );
        }
        aligned::<u8>();
        aligned::<u16>();
        aligned::<u32>();
        aligned::<u64>();
        aligned::<u128>();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_syscall_sha256() {
        let config = Config::default();
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader_deprecated::id(),
        );

        let bytes1 = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
        let bytes2 = "flurbos";

        let mock_slice1 = MockSlice {
            vm_addr: 0x300000000,
            len: bytes1.len(),
        };
        let mock_slice2 = MockSlice {
            vm_addr: 0x400000000,
            len: bytes2.len(),
        };
        let bytes_to_hash = [mock_slice1, mock_slice2];
        let hash_result = [0; HASH_BYTES];
        let ro_len = bytes_to_hash.len() as u64;
        let ro_va = 0x100000000;
        let rw_va = 0x200000000;
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
            vec![
                MemoryRegion::default(),
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: bytes_to_hash.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
                    vm_addr: ro_va,
                    len: 32,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: hash_result.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
                    vm_addr: rw_va,
                    len: HASH_BYTES as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: true,
                },
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: bytes1.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
                    vm_addr: bytes_to_hash[0].vm_addr,
                    len: bytes1.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
                MemoryRegion {
                    host_addr: bytes2.as_ptr() as *const _ as u64,
                    vm_addr: bytes_to_hash[1].vm_addr,
                    len: bytes2.len() as u64,
                    vm_gap_shift: 63,
                    is_writable: false,
                },
            ],
            &config,
        )
        .unwrap();

        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(
                (invoke_context.get_compute_budget().sha256_base_cost
                    + invoke_context.get_compute_budget().mem_op_base_cost.max(
                        invoke_context
                            .get_compute_budget()
                            .sha256_byte_cost
                            .saturating_mul((bytes1.len() + bytes2.len()) as u64 / 2),
                    ))
                    * 4,
            );
        let mut syscall = SyscallSha256 {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
        };

        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall.call(ro_va, ro_len, rw_va, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
        result.unwrap();

        let hash_local = hashv(&[bytes1.as_ref(), bytes2.as_ref()]).to_bytes();
        assert_eq!(hash_result, hash_local);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall.call(
            ro_va - 1, // AccessViolation
            ro_len,
            rw_va,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va - 1, 32);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall.call(
            ro_va,
            ro_len + 1, // AccessViolation
            rw_va,
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_access_violation!(result, ro_va, 48);
        let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
        syscall.call(
            ro_va,
            ro_len,
            rw_va - 1, // AccessViolation
            0,
            0,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        assert_access_violation!(result, rw_va - 1, HASH_BYTES as u64);

        syscall.call(ro_va, ro_len, rw_va, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
        assert_eq!(
            Err(EbpfError::UserError(BpfError::SyscallError(
                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
            ))),
            result
        );
    }

    fn create_filled_type<T: Default>(zero_init: bool) -> T {
        let mut val = T::default();
        let p = &mut val as *mut _ as *mut u8;
        for i in 0..(size_of::<T>() as isize) {
            unsafe {
                *p.offset(i) = if zero_init { 0 } else { i as u8 };
            }
        }
        val
    }

    fn are_bytes_equal<T>(first: &T, second: &T) -> bool {
        let p_first = first as *const _ as *const u8;
        let p_second = second as *const _ as *const u8;
        for i in 0..(size_of::<T>() as isize) {
            unsafe {
                if *p_first.offset(i) != *p_second.offset(i) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        true
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    fn test_syscall_get_sysvar() {
        let config = Config::default();

        let mut src_clock = create_filled_type::<Clock>(false);
        src_clock.slot = 1;
        src_clock.epoch_start_timestamp = 2;
        src_clock.epoch = 3;
        src_clock.leader_schedule_epoch = 4;
        src_clock.unix_timestamp = 5;
        let mut src_epochschedule = create_filled_type::<EpochSchedule>(false);
        src_epochschedule.slots_per_epoch = 1;
        src_epochschedule.leader_schedule_slot_offset = 2;
        src_epochschedule.warmup = false;
        src_epochschedule.first_normal_epoch = 3;
        src_epochschedule.first_normal_slot = 4;
        let mut src_fees = create_filled_type::<Fees>(false);
        src_fees.fee_calculator = FeeCalculator {
            lamports_per_signature: 1,
        };
        let mut src_rent = create_filled_type::<Rent>(false);
        src_rent.lamports_per_byte_year = 1;
        src_rent.exemption_threshold = 2.0;
        src_rent.burn_percent = 3;

        let mut sysvar_cache = SysvarCache::default();
        sysvar_cache.set_clock(src_clock.clone());
        sysvar_cache.set_epoch_schedule(src_epochschedule);
        sysvar_cache.set_fees(src_fees.clone());
        sysvar_cache.set_rent(src_rent);

        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        invoke_context.sysvar_cache = Cow::Owned(sysvar_cache);

        // Test clock sysvar
        {
            let got_clock = Clock::default();
            let got_clock_va = 0x100000000;

            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion {
                        host_addr: &got_clock as *const _ as u64,
                        vm_addr: got_clock_va,
                        len: size_of::<Clock>() as u64,
                        vm_gap_shift: 63,
                        is_writable: true,
                    },
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallGetClockSysvar {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };

            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(got_clock_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            result.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(got_clock, src_clock);

            let mut clean_clock = create_filled_type::<Clock>(true);
            clean_clock.slot = src_clock.slot;
            clean_clock.epoch_start_timestamp = src_clock.epoch_start_timestamp;
            clean_clock.epoch = src_clock.epoch;
            clean_clock.leader_schedule_epoch = src_clock.leader_schedule_epoch;
            clean_clock.unix_timestamp = src_clock.unix_timestamp;
            assert!(are_bytes_equal(&got_clock, &clean_clock));
        }

        // Test epoch_schedule sysvar
        {
            let got_epochschedule = EpochSchedule::default();
            let got_epochschedule_va = 0x100000000;

            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion {
                        host_addr: &got_epochschedule as *const _ as u64,
                        vm_addr: got_epochschedule_va,
                        len: size_of::<EpochSchedule>() as u64,
                        vm_gap_shift: 63,
                        is_writable: true,
                    },
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };

            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(
                got_epochschedule_va,
                0,
                0,
                0,
                0,
                &mut memory_mapping,
                &mut result,
            );
            result.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(got_epochschedule, src_epochschedule);

            let mut clean_epochschedule = create_filled_type::<EpochSchedule>(true);
            clean_epochschedule.slots_per_epoch = src_epochschedule.slots_per_epoch;
            clean_epochschedule.leader_schedule_slot_offset =
                src_epochschedule.leader_schedule_slot_offset;
            clean_epochschedule.warmup = src_epochschedule.warmup;
            clean_epochschedule.first_normal_epoch = src_epochschedule.first_normal_epoch;
            clean_epochschedule.first_normal_slot = src_epochschedule.first_normal_slot;
            assert!(are_bytes_equal(&got_epochschedule, &clean_epochschedule));
        }

        // Test fees sysvar
        {
            let got_fees = Fees::default();
            let got_fees_va = 0x100000000;

            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion {
                        host_addr: &got_fees as *const _ as u64,
                        vm_addr: got_fees_va,
                        len: size_of::<Fees>() as u64,
                        vm_gap_shift: 63,
                        is_writable: true,
                    },
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallGetFeesSysvar {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };

            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(got_fees_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            result.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(got_fees, src_fees);

            let mut clean_fees = create_filled_type::<Fees>(true);
            clean_fees.fee_calculator = src_fees.fee_calculator;
            assert!(are_bytes_equal(&got_fees, &clean_fees));
        }

        // Test rent sysvar
        {
            let got_rent = create_filled_type::<Rent>(true);
            let got_rent_va = 0x100000000;

            let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(
                vec![
                    MemoryRegion::default(),
                    MemoryRegion {
                        host_addr: &got_rent as *const _ as u64,
                        vm_addr: got_rent_va,
                        len: size_of::<Rent>() as u64,
                        vm_gap_shift: 63,
                        is_writable: true,
                    },
                ],
                &config,
            )
            .unwrap();
            let mut syscall = SyscallGetRentSysvar {
                invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
            };

            let mut result: Result<u64, EbpfError<BpfError>> = Ok(0);
            syscall.call(got_rent_va, 0, 0, 0, 0, &mut memory_mapping, &mut result);
            result.unwrap();
            assert_eq!(got_rent, src_rent);

            let mut clean_rent = create_filled_type::<Rent>(true);
            clean_rent.lamports_per_byte_year = src_rent.lamports_per_byte_year;
            clean_rent.exemption_threshold = src_rent.exemption_threshold;
            clean_rent.burn_percent = src_rent.burn_percent;
            assert!(are_bytes_equal(&got_rent, &clean_rent));
        }
    }

    fn call_program_address_common(
        seeds: &[&[u8]],
        program_id: &Pubkey,
        syscall: &mut dyn SyscallObject<BpfError>,
    ) -> Result<(Pubkey, u8), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
        const SEEDS_VA: u64 = 0x100000000;
        const PROGRAM_ID_VA: u64 = 0x200000000;
        const ADDRESS_VA: u64 = 0x300000000;
        const BUMP_SEED_VA: u64 = 0x400000000;
        const SEED_VA: u64 = 0x500000000;

        let config = Config::default();
        let address = Pubkey::default();
        let bump_seed = 0;
        let mut mock_slices = Vec::with_capacity(seeds.len());
        let mut regions = vec![
            MemoryRegion::default(),
            MemoryRegion {
                host_addr: mock_slices.as_ptr() as u64,
                vm_addr: SEEDS_VA,
                len: (seeds.len().saturating_mul(size_of::<MockSlice>()) as u64),
                vm_gap_shift: 63,
                is_writable: false,
            },
            MemoryRegion {
                host_addr: program_id.as_ref().as_ptr() as u64,
                vm_addr: PROGRAM_ID_VA,
                len: 32,
                vm_gap_shift: 63,
                is_writable: false,
            },
            MemoryRegion {
                host_addr: address.as_ref().as_ptr() as u64,
                vm_addr: ADDRESS_VA,
                len: 32,
                vm_gap_shift: 63,
                is_writable: true,
            },
            MemoryRegion {
                host_addr: &bump_seed as *const u8 as u64,
                vm_addr: BUMP_SEED_VA,
                len: 32,
                vm_gap_shift: 63,
                is_writable: true,
            },
        ];

        for (i, seed) in seeds.iter().enumerate() {
            let vm_addr = SEED_VA.saturating_add((i as u64).saturating_mul(0x100000000));
            let mock_slice = MockSlice {
                vm_addr,
                len: seed.len(),
            };
            mock_slices.push(mock_slice);
            regions.push(MemoryRegion {
                host_addr: seed.as_ptr() as u64,
                vm_addr,
                len: seed.len() as u64,
                vm_gap_shift: 63,
                is_writable: false,
            });
        }
        let mut memory_mapping = MemoryMapping::new::<UserError>(regions, &config).unwrap();

        let mut result = Ok(0);
        syscall.call(
            SEEDS_VA,
            seeds.len() as u64,
            PROGRAM_ID_VA,
            ADDRESS_VA,
            BUMP_SEED_VA,
            &mut memory_mapping,
            &mut result,
        );
        let _ = result?;
        Ok((address, bump_seed))
    }

    fn create_program_address(
        invoke_context: &mut InvokeContext,
        seeds: &[&[u8]],
        address: &Pubkey,
    ) -> Result<Pubkey, EbpfError<BpfError>> {
        let mut syscall = SyscallCreateProgramAddress {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(invoke_context)),
        };
        let (address, _) = call_program_address_common(seeds, address, &mut syscall)?;
        Ok(address)
    }

    fn try_find_program_address(
        invoke_context: &mut InvokeContext,
        seeds: &[&[u8]],
        address: &Pubkey,
    ) -> Result<(Pubkey, u8), EbpfError<BpfError>> {
        let mut syscall = SyscallTryFindProgramAddress {
            invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(invoke_context)),
        };
        call_program_address_common(seeds, address, &mut syscall)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_create_program_address() {
        // These tests duplicate the direct tests in safecoin_program::pubkey

        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let address = bpf_loader_upgradeable::id();

        let exceeded_seed = &[127; MAX_SEED_LEN + 1];
        let result = create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[exceeded_seed], &address);
        assert_eq!(
            result,
            Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(
                &mut invoke_context,
                &[b"short_seed", exceeded_seed],
                &address,
            ),
            Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into())
        );
        let max_seed = &[0; MAX_SEED_LEN];
        assert!(create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[max_seed], &address).is_ok());
        let exceeded_seeds: &[&[u8]] = &[
            &[1],
            &[2],
            &[3],
            &[4],
            &[5],
            &[6],
            &[7],
            &[8],
            &[9],
            &[10],
            &[11],
            &[12],
            &[13],
            &[14],
            &[15],
            &[16],
        ];
        assert!(create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, exceeded_seeds, &address).is_ok());
        let max_seeds: &[&[u8]] = &[
            &[1],
            &[2],
            &[3],
            &[4],
            &[5],
            &[6],
            &[7],
            &[8],
            &[9],
            &[10],
            &[11],
            &[12],
            &[13],
            &[14],
            &[15],
            &[16],
            &[17],
        ];
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, max_seeds, &address),
            Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[b"", &[1]], &address),
            Ok("BwqrghZA2htAcqq8dzP1WDAhTXYTYWj7CHxF5j7TDBAe"
                .parse()
                .unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &["☉".as_ref(), &[0]], &address),
            Ok("13yWmRpaTR4r5nAktwLqMpRNr28tnVUZw26rTvPSSB19"
                .parse()
                .unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[b"Talking", b"Squirrels"], &address),
            Ok("2fnQrngrQT4SeLcdToJAD96phoEjNL2man2kfRLCASVk"
                .parse()
                .unwrap())
        );
        let public_key = Pubkey::from_str("SeedPubey1111111111111111111111111111111111").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[public_key.as_ref(), &[1]], &address),
            Ok("976ymqVnfE32QFe6NfGDctSvVa36LWnvYxhU6G2232YL"
                .parse()
                .unwrap())
        );
        assert_ne!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[b"Talking", b"Squirrels"], &address)
                .unwrap(),
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[b"Talking"], &address).unwrap(),
        );
        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(0);
        assert_eq!(
            create_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[b"", &[1]], &address),
            Err(
                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
                    .into()
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_find_program_address() {
        prepare_mockup!(
            invoke_context,
            transaction_context,
            program_id,
            bpf_loader::id(),
        );
        let cost = invoke_context
            .get_compute_budget()
            .create_program_address_units;
        let address = bpf_loader_upgradeable::id();
        let max_tries = 256; // one per seed

        for _ in 0..1_000 {
            let address = Pubkey::new_unique();
            invoke_context
                .get_compute_meter()
                .borrow_mut()
                .mock_set_remaining(cost * max_tries);
            let (found_address, bump_seed) =
                try_find_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[b"Lil'", b"Bits"], &address)
                    .unwrap();
            assert_eq!(
                found_address,
                create_program_address(
                    &mut invoke_context,
                    &[b"Lil'", b"Bits", &[bump_seed]],
                    &address,
                )
                .unwrap()
            );
        }

        let seeds: &[&[u8]] = &[b""];
        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost * max_tries);
        let (_, bump_seed) =
            try_find_program_address(&mut invoke_context, seeds, &address).unwrap();
        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost * (max_tries - bump_seed as u64));
        try_find_program_address(&mut invoke_context, seeds, &address).unwrap();
        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost * (max_tries - bump_seed as u64 - 1));
        assert_eq!(
            try_find_program_address(&mut invoke_context, seeds, &address),
            Err(
                SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::ComputationalBudgetExceeded)
                    .into()
            )
        );

        let exceeded_seed = &[127; MAX_SEED_LEN + 1];
        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost * (max_tries - 1));
        assert_eq!(
            try_find_program_address(&mut invoke_context, &[exceeded_seed], &address),
            Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into())
        );
        let exceeded_seeds: &[&[u8]] = &[
            &[1],
            &[2],
            &[3],
            &[4],
            &[5],
            &[6],
            &[7],
            &[8],
            &[9],
            &[10],
            &[11],
            &[12],
            &[13],
            &[14],
            &[15],
            &[16],
            &[17],
        ];
        invoke_context
            .get_compute_meter()
            .borrow_mut()
            .mock_set_remaining(cost * (max_tries - 1));
        assert_eq!(
            try_find_program_address(&mut invoke_context, exceeded_seeds, &address),
            Err(SyscallError::BadSeeds(PubkeyError::MaxSeedLengthExceeded).into())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_check_type_assumptions() {
        check_type_assumptions();
    }
}