rhai 1.12.0

//! Implement function-calling mechanism for [`Engine`].

use super::{get_builtin_binary_op_fn, get_builtin_op_assignment_fn, CallableFunction};
use crate::api::default_limits::MAX_DYNAMIC_PARAMETERS;
use crate::ast::{Expr, FnCallExpr, FnCallHashes};
use crate::engine::{
    KEYWORD_DEBUG, KEYWORD_EVAL, KEYWORD_FN_PTR, KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CALL, KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CURRY,
    KEYWORD_IS_DEF_VAR, KEYWORD_PRINT, KEYWORD_TYPE_OF,
};
use crate::eval::{Caches, FnResolutionCacheEntry, GlobalRuntimeState};
use crate::tokenizer::{is_valid_function_name, Token};
use crate::{
    calc_fn_hash, calc_fn_hash_full, Dynamic, Engine, FnArgsVec, FnPtr, ImmutableString,
    OptimizationLevel, Position, RhaiError, RhaiResult, RhaiResultOf, Scope, Shared, ERR,
};
#[cfg(feature = "no_std")]
use hashbrown::hash_map::Entry;
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_std"))]
use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
#[cfg(feature = "no_std")]
use std::prelude::v1::*;
use std::{
    any::{type_name, TypeId},
    convert::TryFrom,
    mem,
};

/// Arguments to a function call, which is a list of [`&mut Dynamic`][Dynamic].
pub type FnCallArgs<'a> = [&'a mut Dynamic];

/// A type that temporarily stores a mutable reference to a `Dynamic`,
/// replacing it with a cloned copy.
#[derive(Debug)]
struct ArgBackup<'a> {
    orig_mut: Option<&'a mut Dynamic>,
    value_copy: Dynamic,
}

impl<'a> ArgBackup<'a> {
    /// Create a new `ArgBackup`.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            orig_mut: None,
            value_copy: Dynamic::UNIT,
        }
    }
    /// This function replaces the first argument of a method call with a clone copy.
    /// This is to prevent a pure function unintentionally consuming the first argument.
    ///
    /// `restore_first_arg` must be called before the end of the scope to prevent the shorter
    /// lifetime from leaking.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This method blindly casts a reference to another lifetime, which saves allocation and
    /// string cloning.
    ///
    /// As long as `restore_first_arg` is called before the end of the scope, the shorter lifetime
    /// will not leak.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics when `args` is empty.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn change_first_arg_to_copy(&mut self, args: &mut FnCallArgs<'a>) {
        // Clone the original value.
        self.value_copy = args[0].clone();

        // Replace the first reference with a reference to the clone, force-casting the lifetime.
        // Must remember to restore it later with `restore_first_arg`.
        //
        // SAFETY:
        //
        // Blindly casting a reference to another lifetime saves allocation and string cloning,
        // but must be used with the utmost care.
        //
        // We can do this here because, before the end of this scope, we'd restore the original
        // reference via `restore_first_arg`. Therefore this shorter lifetime does not leak.
        self.orig_mut = Some(mem::replace(&mut args[0], unsafe {
            mem::transmute(&mut self.value_copy)
        }));
    }
    /// This function restores the first argument that was replaced by `change_first_arg_to_copy`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// If `change_first_arg_to_copy` has been called, this function **MUST** be called _BEFORE_
    /// exiting the current scope.  Otherwise it is undefined behavior as the shorter lifetime will leak.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn restore_first_arg(&mut self, args: &mut FnCallArgs<'a>) {
        args[0] = self.orig_mut.take().expect("`Some`");
    }
}

impl Drop for ArgBackup<'_> {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Panic if the shorter lifetime leaks.
        assert!(
            self.orig_mut.is_none(),
            "ArgBackup::restore_first_arg has not been called prior to existing this scope"
        );
    }
}

// Ensure no data races in function call arguments.
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
#[inline]
pub fn ensure_no_data_race(fn_name: &str, args: &FnCallArgs, is_ref_mut: bool) -> RhaiResultOf<()> {
    if let Some((n, ..)) = args
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .skip(usize::from(is_ref_mut))
        .find(|(.., a)| a.is_locked())
    {
        return Err(ERR::ErrorDataRace(
            format!("argument #{} of function '{fn_name}'", n + 1),
            Position::NONE,
        )
        .into());
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Is a function name an anonymous function?
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
#[inline]
#[must_use]
pub fn is_anonymous_fn(name: &str) -> bool {
    name.starts_with(crate::engine::FN_ANONYMOUS)
}

impl Engine {
    /// Generate the signature for a function call.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    fn gen_fn_call_signature(&self, fn_name: &str, args: &[&mut Dynamic]) -> String {
        format!(
            "{fn_name} ({})",
            args.iter()
                .map(|a| if a.is_string() {
                    "&str | ImmutableString | String"
                } else {
                    self.map_type_name(a.type_name())
                })
                .collect::<FnArgsVec<_>>()
                .join(", ")
        )
    }

    /// Resolve a normal (non-qualified) function call.
    ///
    /// Search order:
    /// 1) AST - script functions in the AST
    /// 2) Global namespace - functions registered via `Engine::register_XXX`
    /// 3) Global registered modules - packages
    /// 4) Imported modules - functions marked with global namespace
    /// 5) Static registered modules
    #[must_use]
    fn resolve_fn<'s>(
        &self,
        _global: &GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &'s mut Caches,
        local_entry: &'s mut Option<FnResolutionCacheEntry>,
        op_token: Option<Token>,
        hash_base: u64,
        args: Option<&mut FnCallArgs>,
        allow_dynamic: bool,
    ) -> Option<&'s FnResolutionCacheEntry> {
        if hash_base == 0 {
            return None;
        }

        let mut hash = args.as_deref().map_or(hash_base, |args| {
            calc_fn_hash_full(hash_base, args.iter().map(|a| a.type_id()))
        });

        let cache = caches.fn_resolution_cache_mut();

        match cache.map.entry(hash) {
            Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.into_mut().as_ref(),
            Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                let num_args = args.as_deref().map_or(0, FnCallArgs::len);
                let mut max_bitmask = 0; // One above maximum bitmask based on number of parameters.
                                         // Set later when a specific matching function is not found.
                let mut bitmask = 1usize; // Bitmask of which parameter to replace with `Dynamic`

                loop {
                    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                    let func = _global
                        .lib
                        .iter()
                        .rev()
                        .chain(self.global_modules.iter())
                        .find_map(|m| m.get_fn(hash).map(|f| (f, m.id_raw())));
                    #[cfg(feature = "no_function")]
                    let func = None;

                    let func = func.or_else(|| {
                        self.global_modules
                            .iter()
                            .find_map(|m| m.get_fn(hash).map(|f| (f, m.id_raw())))
                    });

                    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
                    let func = if args.is_none() {
                        // Scripted functions are not exposed globally
                        func
                    } else {
                        func.or_else(|| _global.get_qualified_fn(hash)).or_else(|| {
                            self.global_sub_modules
                                .as_deref()
                                .into_iter()
                                .flatten()
                                .find_map(|(_, m)| {
                                    m.get_qualified_fn(hash).map(|f| (f, m.id_raw()))
                                })
                        })
                    };

                    if let Some((f, s)) = func {
                        // Specific version found
                        let new_entry = FnResolutionCacheEntry {
                            func: f.clone(),
                            source: s.cloned(),
                        };
                        return if cache.filter.is_absent_and_set(hash) {
                            // Do not cache "one-hit wonders"
                            *local_entry = Some(new_entry);
                            local_entry.as_ref()
                        } else {
                            // Cache entry
                            entry.insert(Some(new_entry)).as_ref()
                        };
                    }

                    // Check `Dynamic` parameters for functions with parameters
                    if allow_dynamic && max_bitmask == 0 && num_args > 0 {
                        let is_dynamic = self
                            .global_modules
                            .iter()
                            .any(|m| m.may_contain_dynamic_fn(hash_base));

                        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                        let is_dynamic = is_dynamic
                            || _global
                                .lib
                                .iter()
                                .any(|m| m.may_contain_dynamic_fn(hash_base));

                        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
                        let is_dynamic = is_dynamic
                            || _global.may_contain_dynamic_fn(hash_base)
                            || self.global_sub_modules.as_deref().map_or(false, |m| {
                                m.values().any(|m| m.may_contain_dynamic_fn(hash_base))
                            });

                        // Set maximum bitmask when there are dynamic versions of the function
                        if is_dynamic {
                            max_bitmask = 1usize << usize::min(num_args, MAX_DYNAMIC_PARAMETERS);
                        }
                    }

                    // Stop when all permutations are exhausted
                    if bitmask >= max_bitmask {
                        if num_args != 2 {
                            return None;
                        }

                        // Try to find a built-in version
                        let builtin =
                            args.and_then(|args| match op_token {
                                None => None,
                                Some(token) if token.is_op_assignment() => {
                                    let (first_arg, rest_args) = args.split_first().unwrap();

                                    get_builtin_op_assignment_fn(token, first_arg, rest_args[0])
                                        .map(|(f, has_context)| FnResolutionCacheEntry {
                                            func: CallableFunction::Method {
                                                func: Shared::new(f),
                                                has_context,
                                            },
                                            source: None,
                                        })
                                }
                                Some(token) => get_builtin_binary_op_fn(token, args[0], args[1])
                                    .map(|(f, has_context)| FnResolutionCacheEntry {
                                        func: CallableFunction::Method {
                                            func: Shared::new(f),
                                            has_context,
                                        },
                                        source: None,
                                    }),
                            });

                        return if cache.filter.is_absent_and_set(hash) {
                            // Do not cache "one-hit wonders"
                            *local_entry = builtin;
                            local_entry.as_ref()
                        } else {
                            // Cache entry
                            entry.insert(builtin).as_ref()
                        };
                    }

                    // Try all permutations with `Dynamic` wildcards
                    hash = calc_fn_hash_full(
                        hash_base,
                        args.as_ref()
                            .expect("no permutations")
                            .iter()
                            .enumerate()
                            .map(|(i, a)| {
                                let mask = 1usize << (num_args - i - 1);
                                if bitmask & mask == 0 {
                                    a.type_id()
                                } else {
                                    // Replace with `Dynamic`
                                    TypeId::of::<Dynamic>()
                                }
                            }),
                    );

                    bitmask += 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// # Main Entry-Point (Native by Name)
    ///
    /// Call a native Rust function registered with the [`Engine`] by name.
    ///
    /// # WARNING
    ///
    /// Function call arguments be _consumed_ when the function requires them to be passed by value.
    /// All function arguments not in the first position are always passed by value and thus consumed.
    ///
    /// **DO NOT** reuse the argument values unless for the first `&mut` argument -
    /// all others are silently replaced by `()`!
    pub(crate) fn exec_native_fn_call(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        name: &str,
        op_token: Option<Token>,
        hash: u64,
        args: &mut FnCallArgs,
        is_ref_mut: bool,
        pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResultOf<(Dynamic, bool)> {
        self.track_operation(global, pos)?;

        // Check if function access already in the cache
        let local_entry = &mut None;

        let func = self.resolve_fn(
            global,
            caches,
            local_entry,
            op_token,
            hash,
            Some(args),
            true,
        );

        if let Some(FnResolutionCacheEntry { func, source }) = func {
            assert!(func.is_native());

            // Push a new call stack frame
            #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
            let orig_call_stack_len = global
                .debugger
                .as_ref()
                .map_or(0, |dbg| dbg.call_stack().len());

            let backup = &mut ArgBackup::new();

            // Calling pure function but the first argument is a reference?
            let swap = is_ref_mut && func.is_pure() && !args.is_empty();

            if swap {
                // Clone the first argument
                backup.change_first_arg_to_copy(args);
            }

            #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
            if self.is_debugger_registered() {
                let source = source.clone().or_else(|| global.source.clone());

                global.debugger_mut().push_call_stack_frame(
                    self.get_interned_string(name),
                    args.iter().map(|v| (*v).clone()).collect(),
                    source,
                    pos,
                );
            }

            // Run external function
            let is_method = func.is_method();
            let src = source.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str());

            let context = if func.has_context() {
                Some((self, name, src, &*global, pos).into())
            } else {
                None
            };

            let mut _result = if let Some(f) = func.get_plugin_fn() {
                if !f.is_pure() && !args.is_empty() && args[0].is_read_only() {
                    Err(ERR::ErrorNonPureMethodCallOnConstant(name.to_string(), pos).into())
                } else {
                    f.call(context, args)
                }
            } else if let Some(f) = func.get_native_fn() {
                f(context, args)
            } else {
                unreachable!();
            }
            .and_then(|r| self.check_data_size(r, pos))
            .map_err(|err| err.fill_position(pos));

            if swap {
                backup.restore_first_arg(args);
            }

            #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
            if self.is_debugger_registered() {
                use crate::eval::{DebuggerEvent, DebuggerStatus};

                let trigger = match global.debugger().status {
                    DebuggerStatus::FunctionExit(n) => n >= global.level,
                    DebuggerStatus::Next(.., true) => true,
                    _ => false,
                };
                if trigger {
                    let scope = &mut Scope::new();
                    let node = crate::ast::Stmt::Noop(pos);
                    let node = (&node).into();
                    let event = match _result {
                        Ok(ref r) => DebuggerEvent::FunctionExitWithValue(r),
                        Err(ref err) => DebuggerEvent::FunctionExitWithError(err),
                    };

                    match self.run_debugger_raw(global, caches, scope, None, node, event) {
                        Ok(..) => (),
                        Err(err) => _result = Err(err),
                    }
                }

                // Pop the call stack
                global.debugger_mut().rewind_call_stack(orig_call_stack_len);
            }

            let result = _result?;

            // Check the data size of any `&mut` object, which may be changed.
            #[cfg(not(feature = "unchecked"))]
            if is_ref_mut && !args.is_empty() {
                self.check_data_size(&*args[0], pos)?;
            }

            // See if the function match print/debug (which requires special processing)
            return Ok(match name {
                KEYWORD_PRINT => {
                    let text = result.into_immutable_string().map_err(|typ| {
                        let t = self.map_type_name(type_name::<ImmutableString>()).into();
                        ERR::ErrorMismatchOutputType(t, typ.into(), pos)
                    })?;
                    ((*self.print)(&text).into(), false)
                }
                KEYWORD_DEBUG => {
                    let text = result.into_immutable_string().map_err(|typ| {
                        let t = self.map_type_name(type_name::<ImmutableString>()).into();
                        ERR::ErrorMismatchOutputType(t, typ.into(), pos)
                    })?;
                    ((*self.debug)(&text, global.source(), pos).into(), false)
                }
                _ => (result, is_method),
            });
        }

        // Error handling

        match name {
            // index getter function not found?
            #[cfg(any(not(feature = "no_index"), not(feature = "no_object")))]
            crate::engine::FN_IDX_GET => {
                assert!(args.len() == 2);

                let t0 = self.map_type_name(args[0].type_name());
                let t1 = self.map_type_name(args[1].type_name());

                Err(ERR::ErrorIndexingType(format!("{t0} [{t1}]"), pos).into())
            }

            // index setter function not found?
            #[cfg(any(not(feature = "no_index"), not(feature = "no_object")))]
            crate::engine::FN_IDX_SET => {
                assert!(args.len() == 3);

                let t0 = self.map_type_name(args[0].type_name());
                let t1 = self.map_type_name(args[1].type_name());
                let t2 = self.map_type_name(args[2].type_name());

                Err(ERR::ErrorIndexingType(format!("{t0} [{t1}] = {t2}"), pos).into())
            }

            // Getter function not found?
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_object"))]
            _ if name.starts_with(crate::engine::FN_GET) => {
                assert!(args.len() == 1);

                let prop = &name[crate::engine::FN_GET.len()..];
                let t0 = self.map_type_name(args[0].type_name());

                Err(ERR::ErrorDotExpr(
                    format!(
                        "Unknown property '{prop}' - a getter is not registered for type '{t0}'"
                    ),
                    pos,
                )
                .into())
            }

            // Setter function not found?
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_object"))]
            _ if name.starts_with(crate::engine::FN_SET) => {
                assert!(args.len() == 2);

                let prop = &name[crate::engine::FN_SET.len()..];
                let t0 = self.map_type_name(args[0].type_name());
                let t1 = self.map_type_name(args[1].type_name());

                Err(ERR::ErrorDotExpr(
                    format!(
                        "No writable property '{prop}' - a setter is not registered for type '{t0}' to handle '{t1}'"
                    ),
                    pos,
                )
                .into())
            }

            // Raise error
            _ => {
                Err(ERR::ErrorFunctionNotFound(self.gen_fn_call_signature(name, args), pos).into())
            }
        }
    }

    /// # Main Entry-Point (By Name)
    ///
    /// Perform an actual function call, native Rust or scripted, by name, taking care of special functions.
    ///
    /// # WARNING
    ///
    /// Function call arguments may be _consumed_ when the function requires them to be passed by
    /// value. All function arguments not in the first position are always passed by value and thus consumed.
    ///
    /// **DO NOT** reuse the argument values unless for the first `&mut` argument -
    /// all others are silently replaced by `()`!
    pub(crate) fn exec_fn_call(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        _scope: Option<&mut Scope>,
        fn_name: &str,
        op_token: Option<Token>,
        hashes: FnCallHashes,
        mut _args: &mut FnCallArgs,
        is_ref_mut: bool,
        _is_method_call: bool,
        pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResultOf<(Dynamic, bool)> {
        // Check for data race.
        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
        ensure_no_data_race(fn_name, _args, is_ref_mut)?;

        auto_restore! { let orig_level = global.level; global.level += 1 }

        // These may be redirected from method style calls.
        if hashes.is_native_only() {
            match fn_name {
                // Handle type_of()
                KEYWORD_TYPE_OF if _args.len() == 1 => {
                    let typ = self.map_type_name(_args[0].type_name()).to_string().into();
                    return Ok((typ, false));
                }

                // Handle is_def_fn()
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                crate::engine::KEYWORD_IS_DEF_FN
                    if _args.len() == 2 && _args[0].is_fnptr() && _args[1].is_int() =>
                {
                    let fn_name = _args[0].read_lock::<ImmutableString>().expect("`FnPtr`");
                    let num_params = _args[1].as_int().expect("`INT`");

                    return Ok((
                        if (0..=crate::MAX_USIZE_INT).contains(&num_params) {
                            #[allow(clippy::cast_sign_loss, clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
                            let hash_script =
                                calc_fn_hash(None, fn_name.as_str(), num_params as usize);
                            self.has_script_fn(global, caches, hash_script)
                        } else {
                            false
                        }
                        .into(),
                        false,
                    ));
                }

                // Handle is_shared()
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
                crate::engine::KEYWORD_IS_SHARED => {
                    unreachable!("{} called as method", fn_name)
                }

                KEYWORD_FN_PTR | KEYWORD_EVAL | KEYWORD_IS_DEF_VAR | KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CALL
                | KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CURRY => {
                    unreachable!("{} called as method", fn_name)
                }

                _ => (),
            }
        }

        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
        if !hashes.is_native_only() {
            // Script-defined function call?
            let hash = hashes.script();
            let local_entry = &mut None;

            if let Some(FnResolutionCacheEntry { func, ref source }) = self
                .resolve_fn(global, caches, local_entry, None, hash, None, false)
                .cloned()
            {
                // Script function call
                assert!(func.is_script());

                let f = func.get_script_fn_def().expect("script-defined function");
                let environ = func.get_encapsulated_environ();

                if f.body.is_empty() {
                    return Ok((Dynamic::UNIT, false));
                }

                let mut empty_scope;
                let scope = if let Some(scope) = _scope {
                    scope
                } else {
                    empty_scope = Scope::new();
                    &mut empty_scope
                };

                let orig_source = mem::replace(&mut global.source, source.clone());
                auto_restore!(global => move |g| g.source = orig_source);

                return if _is_method_call {
                    // Method call of script function - map first argument to `this`
                    let (first_arg, rest_args) = _args.split_first_mut().unwrap();

                    self.call_script_fn(
                        global,
                        caches,
                        scope,
                        Some(first_arg),
                        environ,
                        f,
                        rest_args,
                        true,
                        pos,
                    )
                } else {
                    // Normal call of script function
                    let backup = &mut ArgBackup::new();

                    // The first argument is a reference?
                    let swap = is_ref_mut && !_args.is_empty();

                    if swap {
                        backup.change_first_arg_to_copy(_args);
                    }

                    auto_restore!(args = (_args) if swap => move |a| backup.restore_first_arg(a));

                    self.call_script_fn(global, caches, scope, None, environ, f, args, true, pos)
                }
                .map(|r| (r, false));
            }
        }

        // Native function call
        let hash = hashes.native();

        self.exec_native_fn_call(
            global, caches, fn_name, op_token, hash, _args, is_ref_mut, pos,
        )
    }

    /// Evaluate an argument.
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_arg_value(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        scope: &mut Scope,
        this_ptr: Option<&mut Dynamic>,
        arg_expr: &Expr,
    ) -> RhaiResultOf<(Dynamic, Position)> {
        // Literal values
        if let Some(value) = arg_expr.get_literal_value() {
            self.track_operation(global, arg_expr.start_position())?;

            #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
            self.run_debugger(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, arg_expr)?;

            return Ok((value, arg_expr.start_position()));
        }

        // Do not match function exit for arguments
        #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
        let reset = global.debugger.as_deref_mut().and_then(|dbg| {
            dbg.clear_status_if(|status| {
                matches!(status, crate::eval::DebuggerStatus::FunctionExit(..))
            })
        });
        #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
        auto_restore!(global if Some(reset) => move |g| g.debugger_mut().reset_status(reset));

        self.eval_expr(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, arg_expr)
            .map(|r| (r, arg_expr.start_position()))
    }

    /// Call a dot method.
    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_object"))]
    pub(crate) fn make_method_call(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        fn_name: &str,
        mut hash: FnCallHashes,
        target: &mut crate::eval::Target,
        mut call_args: &mut [Dynamic],
        first_arg_pos: Position,
        fn_call_pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResultOf<(Dynamic, bool)> {
        let is_ref_mut = target.is_ref();

        let (result, updated) = match fn_name {
            // Handle fn_ptr.call(...)
            KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CALL if target.is_fnptr() => {
                let fn_ptr = target.read_lock::<FnPtr>().expect("`FnPtr`");

                // Arguments are passed as-is, adding the curried arguments
                let mut curry = FnArgsVec::with_capacity(fn_ptr.curry().len());
                curry.extend(fn_ptr.curry().iter().cloned());
                let args = &mut FnArgsVec::with_capacity(curry.len() + call_args.len());
                args.extend(curry.iter_mut());
                args.extend(call_args.iter_mut());

                // Linked to scripted function?
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                if let Some(fn_def) = fn_ptr.fn_def() {
                    if fn_def.params.len() == args.len() {
                        return self
                            .call_script_fn(
                                global,
                                caches,
                                &mut Scope::new(),
                                None,
                                fn_ptr.encapsulated_environ(),
                                fn_def,
                                args,
                                true,
                                fn_call_pos,
                            )
                            .map(|v| (v, false));
                    }
                }

                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                let is_anon = fn_ptr.is_anonymous();
                #[cfg(feature = "no_function")]
                let is_anon = false;

                // Redirect function name
                let fn_name = fn_ptr.fn_name();
                // Recalculate hashes
                let new_hash = if !is_anon && !is_valid_function_name(fn_name) {
                    FnCallHashes::from_native(calc_fn_hash(None, fn_name, args.len()))
                } else {
                    calc_fn_hash(None, fn_name, args.len()).into()
                };

                // Map it to name(args) in function-call style
                self.exec_fn_call(
                    global,
                    caches,
                    None,
                    fn_name,
                    None,
                    new_hash,
                    args,
                    false,
                    false,
                    fn_call_pos,
                )
            }

            // Handle obj.call(fn_ptr, ...)
            KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CALL => {
                if call_args.is_empty() {
                    let typ = self.map_type_name(target.type_name());
                    return Err(self.make_type_mismatch_err::<FnPtr>(typ, fn_call_pos));
                } else if !call_args[0].is_fnptr() {
                    let typ = self.map_type_name(call_args[0].type_name());
                    return Err(self.make_type_mismatch_err::<FnPtr>(typ, first_arg_pos));
                }

                // FnPtr call on object
                let fn_ptr = mem::take(&mut call_args[0]).cast::<FnPtr>();

                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                let (fn_name, is_anon, fn_curry, _environ, fn_def) = {
                    let is_anon = fn_ptr.is_anonymous();
                    let (fn_name, fn_curry, environ, fn_def) = fn_ptr.take_data();
                    (fn_name, is_anon, fn_curry, environ, fn_def)
                };
                #[cfg(feature = "no_function")]
                let (fn_name, is_anon, fn_curry, _environ) = {
                    let (fn_name, fn_curry, environ) = fn_ptr.take_data();
                    (fn_name, false, fn_curry, environ)
                };

                // Replace the first argument with the object pointer, adding the curried arguments
                call_args = &mut call_args[1..];

                let mut curry = FnArgsVec::with_capacity(fn_curry.len());
                curry.extend(fn_curry.into_iter());
                let args = &mut FnArgsVec::with_capacity(curry.len() + call_args.len() + 1);
                args.extend(curry.iter_mut());
                args.extend(call_args.iter_mut());

                // Linked to scripted function?
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                if let Some(fn_def) = fn_def {
                    if fn_def.params.len() == args.len() {
                        // Check for data race.
                        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
                        ensure_no_data_race(&fn_def.name, args, false)?;

                        return self
                            .call_script_fn(
                                global,
                                caches,
                                &mut Scope::new(),
                                Some(target),
                                _environ.as_deref(),
                                &fn_def,
                                args,
                                true,
                                fn_call_pos,
                            )
                            .map(|v| (v, false));
                    }
                }

                // Add the first argument with the object pointer
                args.insert(0, target.as_mut());

                // Recalculate hash
                let new_hash = if !is_anon && !is_valid_function_name(&fn_name) {
                    FnCallHashes::from_native(calc_fn_hash(None, &fn_name, args.len()))
                } else {
                    FnCallHashes::from_all(
                        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                        calc_fn_hash(None, &fn_name, args.len() - 1),
                        calc_fn_hash(None, &fn_name, args.len()),
                    )
                };

                // Map it to name(args) in function-call style
                self.exec_fn_call(
                    global,
                    caches,
                    None,
                    &fn_name,
                    None,
                    new_hash,
                    args,
                    is_ref_mut,
                    true,
                    fn_call_pos,
                )
            }
            KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CURRY => {
                if !target.is_fnptr() {
                    let typ = self.map_type_name(target.type_name());
                    return Err(self.make_type_mismatch_err::<FnPtr>(typ, fn_call_pos));
                }

                let mut fn_ptr = target.read_lock::<FnPtr>().expect("`FnPtr`").clone();

                // Append the new curried arguments to the existing list.
                call_args.iter_mut().map(mem::take).for_each(|value| {
                    fn_ptr.add_curry(value);
                });

                Ok((fn_ptr.into(), false))
            }

            // Handle is_shared()
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
            crate::engine::KEYWORD_IS_SHARED if call_args.is_empty() => {
                return Ok((target.is_shared().into(), false));
            }

            _ => {
                let mut fn_name = fn_name;
                let _redirected;
                let mut _arg_values: FnArgsVec<_>;
                let mut call_args = call_args;

                // Check if it is a map method call in OOP style
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_object"))]
                if let Some(map) = target.read_lock::<crate::Map>() {
                    if let Some(val) = map.get(fn_name) {
                        if let Some(fn_ptr) = val.read_lock::<FnPtr>() {
                            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                            let is_anon = fn_ptr.is_anonymous();
                            #[cfg(feature = "no_function")]
                            let is_anon = false;

                            // Remap the function name
                            _redirected = fn_ptr.fn_name_raw().clone();
                            fn_name = &_redirected;
                            // Add curried arguments
                            if fn_ptr.is_curried() {
                                _arg_values = fn_ptr
                                    .curry()
                                    .iter()
                                    .cloned()
                                    .chain(call_args.iter_mut().map(mem::take))
                                    .collect();
                                call_args = &mut _arg_values;
                            }
                            // Recalculate the hash based on the new function name and new arguments
                            hash = if !is_anon && !is_valid_function_name(fn_name) {
                                FnCallHashes::from_native(calc_fn_hash(
                                    None,
                                    fn_name,
                                    call_args.len() + 1,
                                ))
                            } else {
                                FnCallHashes::from_all(
                                    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                                    calc_fn_hash(None, fn_name, call_args.len()),
                                    calc_fn_hash(None, fn_name, call_args.len() + 1),
                                )
                            };
                        }
                    }
                };

                // Attached object pointer in front of the arguments
                let mut args = FnArgsVec::with_capacity(call_args.len() + 1);
                args.push(target.as_mut());
                args.extend(call_args.iter_mut());

                self.exec_fn_call(
                    global,
                    caches,
                    None,
                    fn_name,
                    None,
                    hash,
                    &mut args,
                    is_ref_mut,
                    true,
                    fn_call_pos,
                )
            }
        }?;

        // Propagate the changed value back to the source if necessary
        if updated {
            target.propagate_changed_value(fn_call_pos)?;
        }

        Ok((result, updated))
    }

    /// Call a function in normal function-call style.
    pub(crate) fn make_function_call(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        scope: &mut Scope,
        mut this_ptr: Option<&mut Dynamic>,
        fn_name: &str,
        op_token: Option<Token>,
        first_arg: Option<&Expr>,
        args_expr: &[Expr],
        hashes: FnCallHashes,
        capture_scope: bool,
        pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResult {
        let mut first_arg = first_arg;
        let mut a_expr = args_expr;
        let mut total_args = usize::from(first_arg.is_some()) + a_expr.len();
        let mut curry = FnArgsVec::new_const();
        let mut name = fn_name;
        let mut hashes = hashes;
        let redirected; // Handle call() - Redirect function call

        match name {
            _ if op_token.is_some() => (),

            // Handle call(fn_ptr, ...)
            KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CALL if total_args >= 1 => {
                let arg = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, arg_pos) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), arg)?;

                if !arg_value.is_fnptr() {
                    let typ = self.map_type_name(arg_value.type_name());
                    return Err(self.make_type_mismatch_err::<FnPtr>(typ, arg_pos));
                }

                let fn_ptr = arg_value.cast::<FnPtr>();

                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                let (fn_name, is_anon, fn_curry, _environ, fn_def) = {
                    let is_anon = fn_ptr.is_anonymous();
                    let (fn_name, fn_curry, environ, fn_def) = fn_ptr.take_data();
                    (fn_name, is_anon, fn_curry, environ, fn_def)
                };
                #[cfg(feature = "no_function")]
                let (fn_name, is_anon, fn_curry, _environ) = {
                    let (fn_name, fn_curry, environ) = fn_ptr.take_data();
                    (fn_name, false, fn_curry, environ)
                };

                curry.extend(fn_curry.into_iter());

                // Linked to scripted function?
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
                if let Some(fn_def) = fn_def {
                    if fn_def.params.len() == curry.len() + a_expr.len() {
                        // Evaluate arguments
                        let mut arg_values = curry
                            .into_iter()
                            .map(Ok)
                            .chain(a_expr.iter().map(|expr| -> Result<_, RhaiError> {
                                let this_ptr = this_ptr.as_deref_mut();
                                self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, expr)
                                    .map(|(v, ..)| v)
                            }))
                            .collect::<RhaiResultOf<FnArgsVec<_>>>()?;
                        let args = &mut arg_values.iter_mut().collect::<FnArgsVec<_>>();
                        let scope = &mut Scope::new();
                        let environ = _environ.as_deref();

                        return self.call_script_fn(
                            global, caches, scope, None, environ, &fn_def, args, true, pos,
                        );
                    }
                }

                // Redirect function name
                redirected = fn_name;
                name = &redirected;

                // Shift the arguments
                first_arg = a_expr.get(0);
                if !a_expr.is_empty() {
                    a_expr = &a_expr[1..];
                }
                total_args -= 1;

                // Recalculate hash
                let args_len = total_args + curry.len();

                hashes = if !is_anon && !is_valid_function_name(name) {
                    FnCallHashes::from_native(calc_fn_hash(None, name, args_len))
                } else {
                    calc_fn_hash(None, name, args_len).into()
                };
            }
            // Handle Fn()
            KEYWORD_FN_PTR if total_args == 1 => {
                let arg = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, arg_pos) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, arg)?;

                // Fn - only in function call style
                return arg_value
                    .into_immutable_string()
                    .map_err(|typ| self.make_type_mismatch_err::<ImmutableString>(typ, arg_pos))
                    .and_then(FnPtr::try_from)
                    .map(Into::into)
                    .map_err(|err| err.fill_position(arg_pos));
            }

            // Handle curry()
            KEYWORD_FN_PTR_CURRY if total_args > 1 => {
                let first = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, arg_pos) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), first)?;

                if !arg_value.is_fnptr() {
                    let typ = self.map_type_name(arg_value.type_name());
                    return Err(self.make_type_mismatch_err::<FnPtr>(typ, arg_pos));
                }

                let mut fn_ptr = arg_value.cast::<FnPtr>();

                // Append the new curried arguments to the existing list.
                for expr in a_expr {
                    let (value, ..) =
                        self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), expr)?;
                    fn_ptr.add_curry(value);
                }

                return Ok(fn_ptr.into());
            }

            // Handle is_shared()
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
            crate::engine::KEYWORD_IS_SHARED if total_args == 1 => {
                let arg = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, ..) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), arg)?;
                return Ok(arg_value.is_shared().into());
            }

            // Handle is_def_fn()
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
            crate::engine::KEYWORD_IS_DEF_FN if total_args == 2 => {
                let first = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, arg_pos) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), first)?;

                let fn_name = arg_value
                    .into_immutable_string()
                    .map_err(|typ| self.make_type_mismatch_err::<ImmutableString>(typ, arg_pos))?;

                let (arg_value, arg_pos) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, &a_expr[0])?;

                let num_params = arg_value
                    .as_int()
                    .map_err(|typ| self.make_type_mismatch_err::<crate::INT>(typ, arg_pos))?;

                return Ok(if (0..=crate::MAX_USIZE_INT).contains(&num_params) {
                    #[allow(clippy::cast_sign_loss, clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
                    let hash_script = calc_fn_hash(None, &fn_name, num_params as usize);
                    self.has_script_fn(global, caches, hash_script)
                } else {
                    false
                }
                .into());
            }

            // Handle is_def_var()
            KEYWORD_IS_DEF_VAR if total_args == 1 => {
                let arg = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, arg_pos) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, arg)?;
                let var_name = arg_value
                    .into_immutable_string()
                    .map_err(|typ| self.make_type_mismatch_err::<ImmutableString>(typ, arg_pos))?;
                return Ok(scope.contains(&var_name).into());
            }

            // Handle eval()
            KEYWORD_EVAL if total_args == 1 => {
                // eval - only in function call style
                let orig_scope_len = scope.len();
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
                let orig_imports_len = global.num_imports();
                let arg = first_arg.unwrap();
                let (arg_value, pos) = self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, arg)?;
                let s = &arg_value
                    .into_immutable_string()
                    .map_err(|typ| self.make_type_mismatch_err::<ImmutableString>(typ, pos))?;

                let orig_level = global.level;
                global.level += 1;

                let result = self.eval_script_expr_in_place(global, caches, scope, s, pos);

                // IMPORTANT! If the eval defines new variables in the current scope,
                //            all variable offsets from this point on will be mis-aligned.
                //            The same is true for imports.
                let scope_changed = scope.len() != orig_scope_len;
                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
                let scope_changed = scope_changed || global.num_imports() != orig_imports_len;

                if scope_changed {
                    global.always_search_scope = true;
                }
                global.level = orig_level;

                return result.map_err(|err| {
                    ERR::ErrorInFunctionCall(
                        KEYWORD_EVAL.to_string(),
                        global.source().unwrap_or("").to_string(),
                        err,
                        pos,
                    )
                    .into()
                });
            }

            _ => (),
        }

        // Normal function call - except for Fn, curry, call and eval (handled above)
        let mut arg_values = FnArgsVec::with_capacity(total_args);
        let mut args = FnArgsVec::with_capacity(total_args + curry.len());
        let mut is_ref_mut = false;

        // Capture parent scope?
        //
        // If so, do it separately because we cannot convert the first argument (if it is a simple
        // variable access) to &mut because `scope` is needed.
        if capture_scope && !scope.is_empty() {
            for expr in first_arg.iter().copied().chain(a_expr.iter()) {
                let (value, ..) =
                    self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), expr)?;
                arg_values.push(value.flatten());
            }
            args.extend(curry.iter_mut());
            args.extend(arg_values.iter_mut());

            // Use parent scope
            let scope = Some(scope);

            return self
                .exec_fn_call(
                    global, caches, scope, name, op_token, hashes, &mut args, is_ref_mut, false,
                    pos,
                )
                .map(|(v, ..)| v);
        }

        // Call with blank scope
        if total_args == 0 && curry.is_empty() {
            // No arguments
        } else {
            // If the first argument is a variable, and there is no curried arguments,
            // convert to method-call style in order to leverage potential &mut first argument and
            // avoid cloning the value
            if curry.is_empty() && first_arg.map_or(false, |expr| expr.is_variable_access(false)) {
                let first_expr = first_arg.unwrap();

                #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
                self.run_debugger(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), first_expr)?;

                // func(x, ...) -> x.func(...)
                for expr in a_expr {
                    let (value, ..) =
                        self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), expr)?;
                    arg_values.push(value.flatten());
                }

                let mut target =
                    self.search_namespace(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, first_expr)?;

                if target.is_read_only() {
                    target = target.into_owned();
                }

                self.track_operation(global, first_expr.position())?;

                if target.is_shared() || target.is_temp_value() {
                    arg_values.insert(0, target.take_or_clone().flatten());
                } else {
                    // Turn it into a method call only if the object is not shared and not a simple value
                    is_ref_mut = true;
                    let obj_ref = target.take_ref().expect("ref");
                    args.push(obj_ref);
                }
            } else {
                // func(..., ...)
                for expr in first_arg.into_iter().chain(a_expr.iter()) {
                    let (value, ..) =
                        self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), expr)?;
                    arg_values.push(value.flatten());
                }
                args.extend(curry.iter_mut());
            }

            args.extend(arg_values.iter_mut());
        }

        self.exec_fn_call(
            global, caches, None, name, op_token, hashes, &mut args, is_ref_mut, false, pos,
        )
        .map(|(v, ..)| v)
    }

    /// Call a namespace-qualified function in normal function-call style.
    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
    pub(crate) fn make_qualified_function_call(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        scope: &mut Scope,
        mut this_ptr: Option<&mut Dynamic>,
        namespace: &crate::ast::Namespace,
        fn_name: &str,
        args_expr: &[Expr],
        hash: u64,
        pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResult {
        let mut arg_values = FnArgsVec::with_capacity(args_expr.len());
        let args = &mut FnArgsVec::with_capacity(args_expr.len());
        let mut first_arg_value = None;

        if args_expr.is_empty() {
            // No arguments
        } else {
            // See if the first argument is a variable (not namespace-qualified).
            // If so, convert to method-call style in order to leverage potential &mut first argument
            // and avoid cloning the value
            if !args_expr.is_empty() && args_expr[0].is_variable_access(true) {
                #[cfg(feature = "debugging")]
                self.run_debugger(
                    global,
                    caches,
                    scope,
                    this_ptr.as_deref_mut(),
                    &args_expr[0],
                )?;

                // func(x, ...) -> x.func(...)
                arg_values.push(Dynamic::UNIT);

                for expr in args_expr.iter().skip(1) {
                    let (value, ..) =
                        self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), expr)?;
                    arg_values.push(value.flatten());
                }

                // Get target reference to first argument
                let first_arg = &args_expr[0];
                let target = self.search_scope_only(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, first_arg)?;

                self.track_operation(global, first_arg.position())?;

                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
                let target_is_shared = target.is_shared();
                #[cfg(feature = "no_closure")]
                let target_is_shared = false;

                if target_is_shared || target.is_temp_value() {
                    arg_values[0] = target.take_or_clone().flatten();
                    args.extend(arg_values.iter_mut());
                } else {
                    // Turn it into a method call only if the object is not shared and not a simple value
                    let (first, rest) = arg_values.split_first_mut().unwrap();
                    first_arg_value = Some(first);
                    let obj_ref = target.take_ref().expect("ref");
                    args.push(obj_ref);
                    args.extend(rest.iter_mut());
                }
            } else {
                // func(..., ...) or func(mod::x, ...)
                for expr in args_expr {
                    let (value, ..) =
                        self.get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), expr)?;
                    arg_values.push(value.flatten());
                }
                args.extend(arg_values.iter_mut());
            }
        }

        // Search for the root namespace
        let module = self
            .search_imports(global, namespace)
            .ok_or_else(|| ERR::ErrorModuleNotFound(namespace.to_string(), namespace.position()))?;

        // First search script-defined functions in namespace (can override built-in)
        let mut func = match module.get_qualified_fn(hash) {
            // Then search native Rust functions
            None => {
                self.track_operation(global, pos)?;
                let hash_qualified_fn = calc_fn_hash_full(hash, args.iter().map(|a| a.type_id()));
                module.get_qualified_fn(hash_qualified_fn)
            }
            r => r,
        };

        // Check for `Dynamic` parameters.
        //
        // Note - This is done during every function call mismatch without cache,
        //        so hopefully the number of arguments should not be too many
        //        (expected because closures cannot be qualified).
        if func.is_none() && !args.is_empty() {
            let num_args = args.len();
            let max_bitmask = 1usize << usize::min(num_args, MAX_DYNAMIC_PARAMETERS);
            let mut bitmask = 1usize; // Bitmask of which parameter to replace with `Dynamic`

            // Try all permutations with `Dynamic` wildcards
            while bitmask < max_bitmask {
                let hash_qualified_fn = calc_fn_hash_full(
                    hash,
                    args.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, a)| {
                        let mask = 1usize << (num_args - i - 1);
                        if bitmask & mask == 0 {
                            a.type_id()
                        } else {
                            // Replace with `Dynamic`
                            TypeId::of::<Dynamic>()
                        }
                    }),
                );

                self.track_operation(global, pos)?;

                if let Some(f) = module.get_qualified_fn(hash_qualified_fn) {
                    func = Some(f);
                    break;
                }

                bitmask += 1;
            }
        }

        // Clone first argument if the function is not a method after-all
        if !func.map_or(true, CallableFunction::is_method) {
            if let Some(first) = first_arg_value {
                *first = args[0].clone();
                args[0] = first;
            }
        }

        auto_restore! { let orig_level = global.level; global.level += 1 }

        match func {
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
            Some(func) if func.is_script() => {
                let f = func.get_script_fn_def().expect("script-defined function");

                let environ = func.get_encapsulated_environ();
                let scope = &mut Scope::new();

                let orig_source = mem::replace(&mut global.source, module.id_raw().cloned());
                auto_restore!(global => move |g| g.source = orig_source);

                self.call_script_fn(global, caches, scope, None, environ, f, args, true, pos)
            }

            Some(f) if f.is_plugin_fn() => {
                let f = f.get_plugin_fn().expect("plugin function");
                let context = if f.has_context() {
                    Some((self, fn_name, module.id(), &*global, pos).into())
                } else {
                    None
                };
                if !f.is_pure() && !args.is_empty() && args[0].is_read_only() {
                    Err(ERR::ErrorNonPureMethodCallOnConstant(fn_name.to_string(), pos).into())
                } else {
                    f.call(context, args)
                        .and_then(|r| self.check_data_size(r, pos))
                }
            }

            Some(f) if f.is_native() => {
                let func = f.get_native_fn().expect("native function");
                let context = if f.has_context() {
                    Some((self, fn_name, module.id(), &*global, pos).into())
                } else {
                    None
                };
                func(context, args).and_then(|r| self.check_data_size(r, pos))
            }

            Some(f) => unreachable!("unknown function type: {:?}", f),

            None => {
                let sig = if namespace.is_empty() {
                    self.gen_fn_call_signature(fn_name, args)
                } else {
                    format!(
                        "{namespace}{}{}",
                        crate::tokenizer::Token::DoubleColon.literal_syntax(),
                        self.gen_fn_call_signature(fn_name, args)
                    )
                };

                Err(ERR::ErrorFunctionNotFound(sig, pos).into())
            }
        }
    }

    /// Evaluate a text script in place - used primarily for 'eval'.
    pub(crate) fn eval_script_expr_in_place(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        scope: &mut Scope,
        script: &str,
        _pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResult {
        self.track_operation(global, _pos)?;

        let script = script.trim();

        if script.is_empty() {
            return Ok(Dynamic::UNIT);
        }

        // Compile the script text
        // No optimizations because we only run it once
        let ast = self.compile_with_scope_and_optimization_level(
            &Scope::new(),
            [script],
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_optimize"))]
            OptimizationLevel::None,
            #[cfg(feature = "no_optimize")]
            OptimizationLevel::default(),
        )?;

        // If new functions are defined within the eval string, it is an error
        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_function"))]
        if ast.has_functions() {
            return Err(crate::PERR::WrongFnDefinition.into());
        }

        let statements = ast.statements();
        if statements.is_empty() {
            return Ok(Dynamic::UNIT);
        }

        // Evaluate the AST
        self.eval_global_statements(global, caches, scope, statements)
    }

    /// # Main Entry-Point (`FnCallExpr`)
    ///
    /// Evaluate a function call expression.
    pub(crate) fn eval_fn_call_expr(
        &self,
        global: &mut GlobalRuntimeState,
        caches: &mut Caches,
        scope: &mut Scope,
        mut this_ptr: Option<&mut Dynamic>,
        expr: &FnCallExpr,
        pos: Position,
    ) -> RhaiResult {
        let FnCallExpr {
            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
            namespace,
            name,
            hashes,
            args,
            op_token,
            capture_parent_scope: capture,
            ..
        } = expr;

        let op_token = op_token.clone();

        // Short-circuit native unary operator call if under Fast Operators mode
        if op_token == Some(Token::Bang) && self.fast_operators() && args.len() == 1 {
            let mut value = self
                .get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), &args[0])?
                .0
                .flatten();

            return value.as_bool().map(|r| (!r).into()).or_else(|_| {
                let operand = &mut [&mut value];
                self.exec_fn_call(
                    global, caches, None, name, op_token, *hashes, operand, false, false, pos,
                )
                .map(|(v, ..)| v)
            });
        }

        // Short-circuit native binary operator call if under Fast Operators mode
        if op_token.is_some() && self.fast_operators() && args.len() == 2 {
            let mut lhs = self
                .get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr.as_deref_mut(), &args[0])?
                .0
                .flatten();

            let mut rhs = self
                .get_arg_value(global, caches, scope, this_ptr, &args[1])?
                .0
                .flatten();

            let operands = &mut [&mut lhs, &mut rhs];

            if let Some((func, need_context)) =
                get_builtin_binary_op_fn(op_token.clone().unwrap(), operands[0], operands[1])
            {
                // Built-in found
                auto_restore! { let orig_level = global.level; global.level += 1 }

                let context = if need_context {
                    Some((self, name.as_str(), None, &*global, pos).into())
                } else {
                    None
                };
                return func(context, operands);
            }

            return self
                .exec_fn_call(
                    global, caches, None, name, op_token, *hashes, operands, false, false, pos,
                )
                .map(|(v, ..)| v);
        }

        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
        if !namespace.is_empty() {
            // Qualified function call
            let hash = hashes.native();

            return self.make_qualified_function_call(
                global, caches, scope, this_ptr, namespace, name, args, hash, pos,
            );
        }

        // Normal function call
        let (first_arg, rest_args) = args.split_first().map_or_else(
            || (None, args.as_ref()),
            |(first, rest)| (Some(first), rest),
        );

        self.make_function_call(
            global, caches, scope, this_ptr, name, op_token, first_arg, rest_args, *hashes,
            *capture, pos,
        )
    }
}